Peter Forrest
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199214587
- eISBN:
- 9780191706523
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214587.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics, Philosophy of Religion
This book is a speculative philosophical theology based on three themes: that a version of materialism is a help, not a hindrance, in philosophical theology; that God develops; and that this ...
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This book is a speculative philosophical theology based on three themes: that a version of materialism is a help, not a hindrance, in philosophical theology; that God develops; and that this development is kenotic, an abandonment of power. The materialism considered in this work is non-reductive: of metaphysical necessity, the mental supervenes on the physical. Materialism leads to the thesis that the primordial God is metaphysically necessary, the limiting case of supervenience. It is speculated that the brain-analogue of the primordial God consists of all the possibilities for creation. It is also speculated that God changes. In the beginning there was a God which loved no one and which was not lovable, but was all-powerful and all-knowing. A sequence of acts resulted in a community of divine love, the Holy Trinity, and a world with many creatures who were autonomous agents. God loved us so much that one Divine Person became fully human and was willing to suffer to show us divine love. This is the kenotic development of God from Pure Will to Unbounded Love. In addition, kenosis provides a new resource for understanding evil. The Primordial God is good but in an inhuman way; why should anyone expect otherwise? But as a result of God's kenotic development, God is now like a loving parent, as the great monotheistic religions teach.Less
This book is a speculative philosophical theology based on three themes: that a version of materialism is a help, not a hindrance, in philosophical theology; that God develops; and that this development is kenotic, an abandonment of power. The materialism considered in this work is non-reductive: of metaphysical necessity, the mental supervenes on the physical. Materialism leads to the thesis that the primordial God is metaphysically necessary, the limiting case of supervenience. It is speculated that the brain-analogue of the primordial God consists of all the possibilities for creation. It is also speculated that God changes. In the beginning there was a God which loved no one and which was not lovable, but was all-powerful and all-knowing. A sequence of acts resulted in a community of divine love, the Holy Trinity, and a world with many creatures who were autonomous agents. God loved us so much that one Divine Person became fully human and was willing to suffer to show us divine love. This is the kenotic development of God from Pure Will to Unbounded Love. In addition, kenosis provides a new resource for understanding evil. The Primordial God is good but in an inhuman way; why should anyone expect otherwise? But as a result of God's kenotic development, God is now like a loving parent, as the great monotheistic religions teach.
Timothy Quill
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195139402
- eISBN:
- 9780199999859
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195139402.001.0001
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
In this book, the author uses his wide range of clinical experience caring for severely ill patients and their families to illustrate the challenges and potential of end-of-life care. Section One ...
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In this book, the author uses his wide range of clinical experience caring for severely ill patients and their families to illustrate the challenges and potential of end-of-life care. Section One utilizes the near-death experiences of two patients to explore values underlying medical humanism, and then presents the case of “Diane” to explore the fundamental clinical commitments of partnership and non-abandonment. Section Two explores, illustrates, and provides practical guidance for clinicians, patients, and families about critical communication issues including delivering bad news, discussing palliative care, and exploring the wish to die. In Section Three, difficult ethical and policy challenges inherent in hospice work, including the rule of double effect, terminal sedation, and physician-assisted suicide, are explored using a mix of real cases and an analysis of underlying clinical, ethical, and policy issues. In the final chapter, the author discusses the tragic death of his brother, which occurred as this book was being completed, and how his family made the most emotionally challenging decisions of their lives. The author exposes readers to an internally consistent and practical way of thinking by simultaneously embracing the potential of palliative care, and also acknowledging that it has limitations. His philosophy of offering forthright discussions with patient and family, mutual decision making, ensuring medical and palliative care expertise, and committing to see the dying process through to the patient's death, is vividly illustrated.Less
In this book, the author uses his wide range of clinical experience caring for severely ill patients and their families to illustrate the challenges and potential of end-of-life care. Section One utilizes the near-death experiences of two patients to explore values underlying medical humanism, and then presents the case of “Diane” to explore the fundamental clinical commitments of partnership and non-abandonment. Section Two explores, illustrates, and provides practical guidance for clinicians, patients, and families about critical communication issues including delivering bad news, discussing palliative care, and exploring the wish to die. In Section Three, difficult ethical and policy challenges inherent in hospice work, including the rule of double effect, terminal sedation, and physician-assisted suicide, are explored using a mix of real cases and an analysis of underlying clinical, ethical, and policy issues. In the final chapter, the author discusses the tragic death of his brother, which occurred as this book was being completed, and how his family made the most emotionally challenging decisions of their lives. The author exposes readers to an internally consistent and practical way of thinking by simultaneously embracing the potential of palliative care, and also acknowledging that it has limitations. His philosophy of offering forthright discussions with patient and family, mutual decision making, ensuring medical and palliative care expertise, and committing to see the dying process through to the patient's death, is vividly illustrated.
Jennifer F. Hamer
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520269316
- eISBN:
- 9780520950177
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520269316.003.0010
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
Today, in the metropolitan-area small cities, African Americans are more likely than whites to live in poverty, to experience a high rate of school dropouts, and to be incarcerated. At a later point ...
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Today, in the metropolitan-area small cities, African Americans are more likely than whites to live in poverty, to experience a high rate of school dropouts, and to be incarcerated. At a later point in the twenty-first century, a clear majority of African Americans will be living in the suburbs, not in either rural areas or inner cities. The experiences of those in East St. Louis report that there is nothing particularly romantic about the deprivations of working-class suburban life in this space or place, especially for those at the outermost socioeconomic margins. The hallmarks of suburban living were being threatened by a global economic crisis, but working-class suburbanites in East St. Louis have been feeling the pinch for a long time. Without fixes of the problems at the root level, the spiral of distress and abandonment will continue.Less
Today, in the metropolitan-area small cities, African Americans are more likely than whites to live in poverty, to experience a high rate of school dropouts, and to be incarcerated. At a later point in the twenty-first century, a clear majority of African Americans will be living in the suburbs, not in either rural areas or inner cities. The experiences of those in East St. Louis report that there is nothing particularly romantic about the deprivations of working-class suburban life in this space or place, especially for those at the outermost socioeconomic margins. The hallmarks of suburban living were being threatened by a global economic crisis, but working-class suburbanites in East St. Louis have been feeling the pinch for a long time. Without fixes of the problems at the root level, the spiral of distress and abandonment will continue.
Matthew Gerber
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199755370
- eISBN:
- 9780199932603
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199755370.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, Family History
Even as French jurists increasingly grounded the exclusion of extramarital offspring from the family on social interest rather than supposed personal defect, the definition of social interest was ...
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Even as French jurists increasingly grounded the exclusion of extramarital offspring from the family on social interest rather than supposed personal defect, the definition of social interest was beginning to change. In 1640, Vincent de Paul and Louise de Marillac established the Paris foundling hospice, the Hôpital des Enfans-Trouvés, and thirty years later, in 1670, the institution was granted a royal charter. The incidence of child abandonment subsequently increased at an alarming rate, from roughly 400 per year in 1670 to over 7,000 per year by 1770. This increase was not only caused by growing poverty and increased rates of illegitimacy, it also resulted from the circumscription of rights traditionally enjoyed by unwed mothers as the state assumed appellate jurisdiction over marriage. As natural fathers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau increasingly abandoned their children, the administrators of the overstrained Enfans-Trouvés turned increasingly to the monarchy for financial and administrative support, effectively contributing to the eighteenth-century secularization of French poor relief.Less
Even as French jurists increasingly grounded the exclusion of extramarital offspring from the family on social interest rather than supposed personal defect, the definition of social interest was beginning to change. In 1640, Vincent de Paul and Louise de Marillac established the Paris foundling hospice, the Hôpital des Enfans-Trouvés, and thirty years later, in 1670, the institution was granted a royal charter. The incidence of child abandonment subsequently increased at an alarming rate, from roughly 400 per year in 1670 to over 7,000 per year by 1770. This increase was not only caused by growing poverty and increased rates of illegitimacy, it also resulted from the circumscription of rights traditionally enjoyed by unwed mothers as the state assumed appellate jurisdiction over marriage. As natural fathers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau increasingly abandoned their children, the administrators of the overstrained Enfans-Trouvés turned increasingly to the monarchy for financial and administrative support, effectively contributing to the eighteenth-century secularization of French poor relief.
Mary Dunn
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780823267217
- eISBN:
- 9780823272327
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823267217.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
In 1631, Marie Guyart (later, Marie de l’Incarnation) stepped over the threshold of the Ursuline convent in Tours, into the cloister and out of the world, leaving behind the family business, her ...
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In 1631, Marie Guyart (later, Marie de l’Incarnation) stepped over the threshold of the Ursuline convent in Tours, into the cloister and out of the world, leaving behind the family business, her aging father and—what jars the modern reader—her eleven-year-old son. The Cruelest of All Mothers examines Marie’s confounding decision to abandon the young Claude, situating the event within the contexts of Marie’s own writings, family life in seventeenth-century France, the Christian tradition, and early modern French spirituality. This book takes up Marie’s decision to abandon Claude as an instance of human agency, arguing that the abandonment is best understood neither as an act of submission to the will of God nor as an act of resistance against the prevailing norms of seventeenth-century French family life, but rather as something in between. Taking its cue from Bourdieu’s understanding of human agency, this book argues that the abandonment is best understood as an event informed by what had been possible within the Christian tradition and inflected by what was likely within the context of seventeenth-century French Catholicism. The final chapter of the book draws on the work of Julia Kristeva to propose how, in another time and place, it might have been possible for Marie to imagine motherhood itself—and not its renunciation—as sacrifice in imitation of Christ.Less
In 1631, Marie Guyart (later, Marie de l’Incarnation) stepped over the threshold of the Ursuline convent in Tours, into the cloister and out of the world, leaving behind the family business, her aging father and—what jars the modern reader—her eleven-year-old son. The Cruelest of All Mothers examines Marie’s confounding decision to abandon the young Claude, situating the event within the contexts of Marie’s own writings, family life in seventeenth-century France, the Christian tradition, and early modern French spirituality. This book takes up Marie’s decision to abandon Claude as an instance of human agency, arguing that the abandonment is best understood neither as an act of submission to the will of God nor as an act of resistance against the prevailing norms of seventeenth-century French family life, but rather as something in between. Taking its cue from Bourdieu’s understanding of human agency, this book argues that the abandonment is best understood as an event informed by what had been possible within the Christian tradition and inflected by what was likely within the context of seventeenth-century French Catholicism. The final chapter of the book draws on the work of Julia Kristeva to propose how, in another time and place, it might have been possible for Marie to imagine motherhood itself—and not its renunciation—as sacrifice in imitation of Christ.
Judith Evans Grubbs
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199582570
- eISBN:
- 9780191595271
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199582570.003.0013
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter explores the dynamics of infant exposure in the Roman Empire, especially the Roman legal attitude toward those who abandoned newborn infants and the fate of the children themselves. ...
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This chapter explores the dynamics of infant exposure in the Roman Empire, especially the Roman legal attitude toward those who abandoned newborn infants and the fate of the children themselves. Roman legal sources, especially imperial rescripts (responses) to petitioners inquiring about the situation of abandoned infants, suggest that such expositi were often picked up and reared by others, usually as slaves, and that questions about their legal status could arise much later if the parent or slave-master who exposed the child tried to reclaim him. Ironically, the very fact that some abandoned infants did survive and were even returned to their parents probably increased the frequency of exposure, since those abandoning their newborn did not see it as a necessarily fatal and irrevocable act.Less
This chapter explores the dynamics of infant exposure in the Roman Empire, especially the Roman legal attitude toward those who abandoned newborn infants and the fate of the children themselves. Roman legal sources, especially imperial rescripts (responses) to petitioners inquiring about the situation of abandoned infants, suggest that such expositi were often picked up and reared by others, usually as slaves, and that questions about their legal status could arise much later if the parent or slave-master who exposed the child tried to reclaim him. Ironically, the very fact that some abandoned infants did survive and were even returned to their parents probably increased the frequency of exposure, since those abandoning their newborn did not see it as a necessarily fatal and irrevocable act.
Barry Eichengreen
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195101133
- eISBN:
- 9780199869626
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195101138.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This is the third of three chapters that consider the operation of the reconstructed gold standard system following World War I. It describes the desperate attempts of policy makers to defend the ...
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This is the third of three chapters that consider the operation of the reconstructed gold standard system following World War I. It describes the desperate attempts of policy makers to defend the gold standard and analyzes their role in aggravating the Great Depression. At the same time, it suggests that the collapse of the system provided new opportunities for constructive action. The Chinese character for ‘crisis’ combines the symbols for ‘danger’ and ‘opportunity’, and the point made in this chapter (Crisis and Opportunity) is much the same. The different sections of the chapter look at the links between domestic and international financial systems, the Austrian crisis of 1931 (which led, in effect, to it no longer being part of the gold standard system), the spread of the crisis to other countries, the abandonment of the gold standard by Britain, and the implications – which were that the stage had now been set for the collapse of the gold standard system.Less
This is the third of three chapters that consider the operation of the reconstructed gold standard system following World War I. It describes the desperate attempts of policy makers to defend the gold standard and analyzes their role in aggravating the Great Depression. At the same time, it suggests that the collapse of the system provided new opportunities for constructive action. The Chinese character for ‘crisis’ combines the symbols for ‘danger’ and ‘opportunity’, and the point made in this chapter (Crisis and Opportunity) is much the same. The different sections of the chapter look at the links between domestic and international financial systems, the Austrian crisis of 1931 (which led, in effect, to it no longer being part of the gold standard system), the spread of the crisis to other countries, the abandonment of the gold standard by Britain, and the implications – which were that the stage had now been set for the collapse of the gold standard system.
Barry Eichengreen
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195101133
- eISBN:
- 9780199869626
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195101138.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter traces the consequences of the disintegration of the gold standard system, contrasting economic recovery in countries that jettisoned gold with continued depression in countries that ...
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This chapter traces the consequences of the disintegration of the gold standard system, contrasting economic recovery in countries that jettisoned gold with continued depression in countries that retained it. An attempt is made to account for their respective policy decisions. The case of the USA emerges as something of an anomaly, and is addressed further in the next chapter. The first section of the chapter looks at the new international economic environment following sterling depreciation and the abandonment of the gold standard by many other countries from 1932 onward. The remaining sections look at the pressure on the dollar, the spread of devaluation, the initial responses to abandonment of the gold standard in the countries concerned, and the responses of the remaining ‘gold bloc’ countries.Less
This chapter traces the consequences of the disintegration of the gold standard system, contrasting economic recovery in countries that jettisoned gold with continued depression in countries that retained it. An attempt is made to account for their respective policy decisions. The case of the USA emerges as something of an anomaly, and is addressed further in the next chapter. The first section of the chapter looks at the new international economic environment following sterling depreciation and the abandonment of the gold standard by many other countries from 1932 onward. The remaining sections look at the pressure on the dollar, the spread of devaluation, the initial responses to abandonment of the gold standard in the countries concerned, and the responses of the remaining ‘gold bloc’ countries.
Barry Eichengreen
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195101133
- eISBN:
- 9780199869626
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195101138.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter analyzes the critical period in the spring of 1933 when American policy was reversed and the dollar devalued. Roosevelt's abandonment of gold coincided with the World Economic ...
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This chapter analyzes the critical period in the spring of 1933 when American policy was reversed and the dollar devalued. Roosevelt's abandonment of gold coincided with the World Economic Conference, which was held in London in June 1933, in a last attempt to respond cooperatively to the economic crisis. The connections are traced between the dollar's depreciation and the London Conference and an explanation given of why the latter failed. The different sections of the chapter discuss the background to the negotiations, the conference itself, the international monetary repercussions, and the impact of devaluation of the dollar.Less
This chapter analyzes the critical period in the spring of 1933 when American policy was reversed and the dollar devalued. Roosevelt's abandonment of gold coincided with the World Economic Conference, which was held in London in June 1933, in a last attempt to respond cooperatively to the economic crisis. The connections are traced between the dollar's depreciation and the London Conference and an explanation given of why the latter failed. The different sections of the chapter discuss the background to the negotiations, the conference itself, the international monetary repercussions, and the impact of devaluation of the dollar.
Barry Eichengreen
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195101133
- eISBN:
- 9780199869626
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195101138.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
By 1934, it was impossible to ignore the contrast between the persistence of depression in gold standard countries and the acceleration of recovery in the rest of the world; the continued allegiance ...
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By 1934, it was impossible to ignore the contrast between the persistence of depression in gold standard countries and the acceleration of recovery in the rest of the world; the continued allegiance to gold by several European countries, led by France, has consequently been regarded as an enigma. This chapter shows how domestic politics combined with collective memory of inflationary chaos in the 1920s to sustain resistance to currency depreciation. Indeed, inflation anxiety in the gold bloc was not entirely unfounded, and sometimes it proved self‐fulfilling. When currency depreciation finally came to France in 1936, it was accompanied by inflation and social turmoil, but not by the beneficial effects evident in other countries. Here, as in the rest of the book, historical and political factors, not just economics, bear the burden of explanation.Less
By 1934, it was impossible to ignore the contrast between the persistence of depression in gold standard countries and the acceleration of recovery in the rest of the world; the continued allegiance to gold by several European countries, led by France, has consequently been regarded as an enigma. This chapter shows how domestic politics combined with collective memory of inflationary chaos in the 1920s to sustain resistance to currency depreciation. Indeed, inflation anxiety in the gold bloc was not entirely unfounded, and sometimes it proved self‐fulfilling. When currency depreciation finally came to France in 1936, it was accompanied by inflation and social turmoil, but not by the beneficial effects evident in other countries. Here, as in the rest of the book, historical and political factors, not just economics, bear the burden of explanation.
Karel Kurst-Swanger and Jacqueline L. Petcosky
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195165180
- eISBN:
- 9780199864966
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195165180.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Crime and Justice
This chapter explores the unique characteristics of violence against family elders. It reviews the trends that have guided the salience of elder abuse throughout history and provides an overview of ...
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This chapter explores the unique characteristics of violence against family elders. It reviews the trends that have guided the salience of elder abuse throughout history and provides an overview of the risk factors that make the elderly a vulnerable population for victimization, such as the physical and cognitive changes associated with aging and illness. The role of caregiver stress, ignorance, and impairment, and various cultural factors and social conditions are explored. The chapter investigates the issues associated with measuring elder abuse as a social problem and explores the various forms such abuse takes including physical, emotional, financial, and sexual abuse; neglect, self-neglect, abandonment, and the violation of rights. The consequences of elder abuse are reviewed including fatalities and the physical, psychological, economic, and legal effects.Less
This chapter explores the unique characteristics of violence against family elders. It reviews the trends that have guided the salience of elder abuse throughout history and provides an overview of the risk factors that make the elderly a vulnerable population for victimization, such as the physical and cognitive changes associated with aging and illness. The role of caregiver stress, ignorance, and impairment, and various cultural factors and social conditions are explored. The chapter investigates the issues associated with measuring elder abuse as a social problem and explores the various forms such abuse takes including physical, emotional, financial, and sexual abuse; neglect, self-neglect, abandonment, and the violation of rights. The consequences of elder abuse are reviewed including fatalities and the physical, psychological, economic, and legal effects.
Tessa Rajak
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199558674
- eISBN:
- 9780191720895
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558674.003.0010
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter considers what the rapid scripturalization of the new Christian movement meant for Jews. The new religion was grafted on to Judaism and Christians defined themselves as the ‘new Israel’, ...
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This chapter considers what the rapid scripturalization of the new Christian movement meant for Jews. The new religion was grafted on to Judaism and Christians defined themselves as the ‘new Israel’, heirs to the covenant with Abraham and to the ‘old Testament’. For the first Christians, that mostly meant the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, on which the entire edifice of Christian discourse was built. The Jews themselves could be deemed obsolescent. The Christian narrative has it that at this point the Jews were goaded into discarding the old translations, which they felt unable to share, replacing them with the even more ‘literal’ version of Aquila which could be triumphantly wielded in Christian-Jewish polemic. This theory of Jewish abandonment can be easily dismantled. Rather, by facilitating new translations, which are by no means a token of lack of interest in the old one, diaspora Jews now more than ever expressed their culture through creative Biblical translation. And they expressed their religion through their Greek Torah, just as they had been doing for centuries. The Christian appropriation of their heritage was a gradual and untidy process. Once our own narrative is de-Christianized, the development of Judaism can be understood on its own terms.Less
This chapter considers what the rapid scripturalization of the new Christian movement meant for Jews. The new religion was grafted on to Judaism and Christians defined themselves as the ‘new Israel’, heirs to the covenant with Abraham and to the ‘old Testament’. For the first Christians, that mostly meant the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, on which the entire edifice of Christian discourse was built. The Jews themselves could be deemed obsolescent. The Christian narrative has it that at this point the Jews were goaded into discarding the old translations, which they felt unable to share, replacing them with the even more ‘literal’ version of Aquila which could be triumphantly wielded in Christian-Jewish polemic. This theory of Jewish abandonment can be easily dismantled. Rather, by facilitating new translations, which are by no means a token of lack of interest in the old one, diaspora Jews now more than ever expressed their culture through creative Biblical translation. And they expressed their religion through their Greek Torah, just as they had been doing for centuries. The Christian appropriation of their heritage was a gradual and untidy process. Once our own narrative is de-Christianized, the development of Judaism can be understood on its own terms.
David Archard
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199590704
- eISBN:
- 9780191595547
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590704.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
The chapter distinguishes between the parental obligation to ensure that the child has a parent and the responsibilities of acting as a parent. It argues that a causal theory of parental ...
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The chapter distinguishes between the parental obligation to ensure that the child has a parent and the responsibilities of acting as a parent. It argues that a causal theory of parental obligation—that those who cause children to exist thereby incur an obligation to ensure that they are adequately cared for—can be defended independently of a theory of parental rights, and has much to commend it. Nevertheless the causal theory must meet the difficulties of supplying a non‐arbitrary and non‐question‐begging account of who amongst those who caused a child to exist, and why only those amongst this set of persons, bears responsibility for caring for the child. The chapter then demonstrate the consistency of a causal theory of parental obligation with allowing others to act as parents to children they have not created. Someone thus can discharge their parental obligation by making provision for, or relying upon the institutional provision of, care of the child by willing and capable others.Less
The chapter distinguishes between the parental obligation to ensure that the child has a parent and the responsibilities of acting as a parent. It argues that a causal theory of parental obligation—that those who cause children to exist thereby incur an obligation to ensure that they are adequately cared for—can be defended independently of a theory of parental rights, and has much to commend it. Nevertheless the causal theory must meet the difficulties of supplying a non‐arbitrary and non‐question‐begging account of who amongst those who caused a child to exist, and why only those amongst this set of persons, bears responsibility for caring for the child. The chapter then demonstrate the consistency of a causal theory of parental obligation with allowing others to act as parents to children they have not created. Someone thus can discharge their parental obligation by making provision for, or relying upon the institutional provision of, care of the child by willing and capable others.
Demetrios S. Katos
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199696963
- eISBN:
- 9780191731969
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199696963.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies, Church History
This chapter continues the books presentation on Origenist theology at the turn of the fifth century. Human freedom and divine omnipotence were two hallmarks of Origen's legacy, and this chapter ...
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This chapter continues the books presentation on Origenist theology at the turn of the fifth century. Human freedom and divine omnipotence were two hallmarks of Origen's legacy, and this chapter demonstrates Palladius' conceptual and linguistic affinities with this ancient tradition. Palladius borrowed from Origen many key ideas concerning free will, such as the permission (sygchoresis) of evil and suffering, and the value of providential abandonment (egkataleipsis). In these respects, Palladius differed sharply from Jerome, but he closely resembled his contemporaries Evagrius, Rufinus, and Cassian, who are also briefly surveyed. Whereas Jerome believed that this theodicy presupposed pre‐existent souls and multiple creations, this chapter argues that it did not. It posits that Palladius based his ideas upon an anthropological and cosmological foundation of binaries that was indeed developed by Evagrius (in his Letter to Melania and Kephalaia Gnostica), and which remained amenable to the orthodoxy of his day.Less
This chapter continues the books presentation on Origenist theology at the turn of the fifth century. Human freedom and divine omnipotence were two hallmarks of Origen's legacy, and this chapter demonstrates Palladius' conceptual and linguistic affinities with this ancient tradition. Palladius borrowed from Origen many key ideas concerning free will, such as the permission (sygchoresis) of evil and suffering, and the value of providential abandonment (egkataleipsis). In these respects, Palladius differed sharply from Jerome, but he closely resembled his contemporaries Evagrius, Rufinus, and Cassian, who are also briefly surveyed. Whereas Jerome believed that this theodicy presupposed pre‐existent souls and multiple creations, this chapter argues that it did not. It posits that Palladius based his ideas upon an anthropological and cosmological foundation of binaries that was indeed developed by Evagrius (in his Letter to Melania and Kephalaia Gnostica), and which remained amenable to the orthodoxy of his day.
Norvin Richards
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199731749
- eISBN:
- 9780199866311
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199731749.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
When someone has been separated from his or her children and wants to be a parent to the child, it has to be decided whether (l) that is to be permitted or (2) this person is to have no special ...
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When someone has been separated from his or her children and wants to be a parent to the child, it has to be decided whether (l) that is to be permitted or (2) this person is to have no special standing at all with regard to the child or (3) he or she is to have a lesser role than full parenthood (and, if so, what that role should be). The chapter argues for a way of deciding that gives proper weight to the reason for the separation, its length, whether those who served as parents to the child in the interim were complicit in the separation, the best interests of the child, and the child's own preferences. It then applies this approach to the cases of Baby Jessica and Baby Richard, cases of “prenatal abandonment,” cases in which children are conceived in casual sexual encounters, and cases in which it is later discovered that two babies were “switched at birth.”Less
When someone has been separated from his or her children and wants to be a parent to the child, it has to be decided whether (l) that is to be permitted or (2) this person is to have no special standing at all with regard to the child or (3) he or she is to have a lesser role than full parenthood (and, if so, what that role should be). The chapter argues for a way of deciding that gives proper weight to the reason for the separation, its length, whether those who served as parents to the child in the interim were complicit in the separation, the best interests of the child, and the child's own preferences. It then applies this approach to the cases of Baby Jessica and Baby Richard, cases of “prenatal abandonment,” cases in which children are conceived in casual sexual encounters, and cases in which it is later discovered that two babies were “switched at birth.”
Nathan Richards
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032573
- eISBN:
- 9780813039541
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032573.003.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Underwater Archaeology
This chapter discusses the research for the Abandoned Ships Project and the concept of abandoning watercrafts. It presents the abandoned ships in Australian maritime archaeology and introduces a ...
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This chapter discusses the research for the Abandoned Ships Project and the concept of abandoning watercrafts. It presents the abandoned ships in Australian maritime archaeology and introduces a number of terms that are used throughout the book. Some of these are shipwreck and abandonment, the latter spawning several types (consequential abandonment, deliberate abandonment, etc.). In the last part of the chapter the problems associated with this type of research are given, as well as an outline of the following chapters.Less
This chapter discusses the research for the Abandoned Ships Project and the concept of abandoning watercrafts. It presents the abandoned ships in Australian maritime archaeology and introduces a number of terms that are used throughout the book. Some of these are shipwreck and abandonment, the latter spawning several types (consequential abandonment, deliberate abandonment, etc.). In the last part of the chapter the problems associated with this type of research are given, as well as an outline of the following chapters.
Gideon Yaffe
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199590667
- eISBN:
- 9780191595530
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590667.003.0012
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, General
Defendants sometimes fail to complete their crimes because they abandon their attempts before completion. Jurisdictions vary in their response to this. Some grant an affirmative defense for ...
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Defendants sometimes fail to complete their crimes because they abandon their attempts before completion. Jurisdictions vary in their response to this. Some grant an affirmative defense for abandonment, others mitigate sentence, and some take abandonment to be irrelevant. This chapter argues for mitigation on the following grounds: when a defendant has abandoned with laudable motives, a reason that typically supports giving a particular punishment rather than a lesser punishment is canceled: namely, that a lower punishment would not have provided the defendant with sufficient reason to refrain from committing the crime. Defendants who abandoned for laudable reasons already recognized sufficient reason not to complete the crime and so would have done so even in the absence of the prospect of punishment. It is suggested that this argument succeeds only because it is wrong to punish an attempt more heavily than it would have been punished had it been completed.Less
Defendants sometimes fail to complete their crimes because they abandon their attempts before completion. Jurisdictions vary in their response to this. Some grant an affirmative defense for abandonment, others mitigate sentence, and some take abandonment to be irrelevant. This chapter argues for mitigation on the following grounds: when a defendant has abandoned with laudable motives, a reason that typically supports giving a particular punishment rather than a lesser punishment is canceled: namely, that a lower punishment would not have provided the defendant with sufficient reason to refrain from committing the crime. Defendants who abandoned for laudable reasons already recognized sufficient reason not to complete the crime and so would have done so even in the absence of the prospect of punishment. It is suggested that this argument succeeds only because it is wrong to punish an attempt more heavily than it would have been punished had it been completed.
Sudhir Kakar and John Munder Ross
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198072560
- eISBN:
- 9780199082124
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198072560.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
This chapter focuses on the paradigmatic love story of Radha and Krishna, widely considered in Hindu cultural imagination as a parable of the human longing for and union with God. The liaison of ...
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This chapter focuses on the paradigmatic love story of Radha and Krishna, widely considered in Hindu cultural imagination as a parable of the human longing for and union with God. The liaison of Radha and Krishna has been portrayed in thousands of exquisite miniature paintings depicting the lovers in separation and union, longing and abandonment. The legend is not a narrative in the sense of an orderly progression whose protagonists have a shared past and are progressing towards a tragic and happy future. Tender and cheerful, and not tragic, it is rather an evocation and elaboration of the here-and-now of passion. While the figures of Radha and Krishna are linked to the heroine and hero of classical love poetry in many ways, they are primarily products of the bhakti movement, which is known for its erotic mood.Less
This chapter focuses on the paradigmatic love story of Radha and Krishna, widely considered in Hindu cultural imagination as a parable of the human longing for and union with God. The liaison of Radha and Krishna has been portrayed in thousands of exquisite miniature paintings depicting the lovers in separation and union, longing and abandonment. The legend is not a narrative in the sense of an orderly progression whose protagonists have a shared past and are progressing towards a tragic and happy future. Tender and cheerful, and not tragic, it is rather an evocation and elaboration of the here-and-now of passion. While the figures of Radha and Krishna are linked to the heroine and hero of classical love poetry in many ways, they are primarily products of the bhakti movement, which is known for its erotic mood.
Linda Centers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199212934
- eISBN:
- 9780191730368
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212934.003.0021
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine Research
This chapter provides a personal experience of someone who had taken care and lived with an ALS patient. It tells the story of Linda Centers, a healthcare provider and a daughter who cared for her ...
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This chapter provides a personal experience of someone who had taken care and lived with an ALS patient. It tells the story of Linda Centers, a healthcare provider and a daughter who cared for her mother who had suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this chapter, she shares her experiences and suggestions related to the issues of profound loss and the experiences of abandonment. In her story, she shares her feelings of despair and fear in watching her mother waste away in complete lucidity, her feelings of loss and bereavement, and the chapter shares her pieces of advice to professionals and caregivers of ALS patients.Less
This chapter provides a personal experience of someone who had taken care and lived with an ALS patient. It tells the story of Linda Centers, a healthcare provider and a daughter who cared for her mother who had suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this chapter, she shares her experiences and suggestions related to the issues of profound loss and the experiences of abandonment. In her story, she shares her feelings of despair and fear in watching her mother waste away in complete lucidity, her feelings of loss and bereavement, and the chapter shares her pieces of advice to professionals and caregivers of ALS patients.
Derek Doyle, David Jeffrey, and Kenneth Calman
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192632272
- eISBN:
- 9780191730245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192632272.003.0004
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Pain Management and Palliative Pharmacology
This chapter probes into the apprehensions, anxieties, and emotional problems faced by terminally ill patients, the emotions and psychosocial issues faced by the families and relatives, and how the ...
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This chapter probes into the apprehensions, anxieties, and emotional problems faced by terminally ill patients, the emotions and psychosocial issues faced by the families and relatives, and how the feelings experienced by the patient and the family affect one another. Among the uncertainties felt by patients with cancer are the pain associated with the disease, the inevitable death, their increasing dependency, the future of their beloved, the need for further tests and investigations, the uncertainty of their condition, and the possibility of abandonment. For the part of the relatives and families, anxieties arise from the sense of inadequacy in terms of giving proper care and the sense of uncertainty of the future once the ordeal has passed. The chapter also includes a discussion on the family differences, tensions, anger, and frustration that may arise while coping with a family member with a terminal disease. It concludes with a discussion on how to overcome the anxieties felt by patients and their families.Less
This chapter probes into the apprehensions, anxieties, and emotional problems faced by terminally ill patients, the emotions and psychosocial issues faced by the families and relatives, and how the feelings experienced by the patient and the family affect one another. Among the uncertainties felt by patients with cancer are the pain associated with the disease, the inevitable death, their increasing dependency, the future of their beloved, the need for further tests and investigations, the uncertainty of their condition, and the possibility of abandonment. For the part of the relatives and families, anxieties arise from the sense of inadequacy in terms of giving proper care and the sense of uncertainty of the future once the ordeal has passed. The chapter also includes a discussion on the family differences, tensions, anger, and frustration that may arise while coping with a family member with a terminal disease. It concludes with a discussion on how to overcome the anxieties felt by patients and their families.
