Thomas T. Struhsaker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529583
- eISBN:
- 9780191712746
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529583.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
Based on field studies spanning nearly 40 years, this reference book summarizes and integrates past research with new and previously unpublished information on the behavioral ecology of Africa's red ...
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Based on field studies spanning nearly 40 years, this reference book summarizes and integrates past research with new and previously unpublished information on the behavioral ecology of Africa's red colobus monkeys from study sites as diverse as Senegal, Uganda, and Zanzibar. It provides an unparalleled compilation of information on taxonomy, genetics, vocalizations, demography, social organization, dispersal, social behavior, reproduction, mortality factors, diet, ranging patterns, interspecific relations, and conservation. Social relationships in red colobus are less rigidly structured than in other African monkeys, resulting in considerable variation in social organization and group composition, both within and between taxa. This provides a unique opportunity to examine the extent to which social variables correlate with differences in habitat quality, demography, and predation by chimpanzees, and humans. Unfortunately, at least half of the 18 taxa of red colobus are now threatened with extinction. Conservation problems are described, causal factors identified, and solutions proposed. This volume is intended not only to serve as a reference book, but to stimulate and guide future long-term research and to encourage effective conservation action.Less
Based on field studies spanning nearly 40 years, this reference book summarizes and integrates past research with new and previously unpublished information on the behavioral ecology of Africa's red colobus monkeys from study sites as diverse as Senegal, Uganda, and Zanzibar. It provides an unparalleled compilation of information on taxonomy, genetics, vocalizations, demography, social organization, dispersal, social behavior, reproduction, mortality factors, diet, ranging patterns, interspecific relations, and conservation. Social relationships in red colobus are less rigidly structured than in other African monkeys, resulting in considerable variation in social organization and group composition, both within and between taxa. This provides a unique opportunity to examine the extent to which social variables correlate with differences in habitat quality, demography, and predation by chimpanzees, and humans. Unfortunately, at least half of the 18 taxa of red colobus are now threatened with extinction. Conservation problems are described, causal factors identified, and solutions proposed. This volume is intended not only to serve as a reference book, but to stimulate and guide future long-term research and to encourage effective conservation action.
John R. Hinnells
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198267591
- eISBN:
- 9780191683329
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198267591.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions, Religious Studies
This chapter examines the situation and history of Parsis in East Africa, particularly in Zanzibar and Kenya. It suggests that Parsis came to East Africa, first to Zanzibar and then across to the ...
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This chapter examines the situation and history of Parsis in East Africa, particularly in Zanzibar and Kenya. It suggests that Parsis came to East Africa, first to Zanzibar and then across to the mainland, as part of the network first developed by Sultan Barghash and this was continued by the British between Bombay and the East Coast of Africa. The earliest arrivals were professionals who for a decade grew into a business community.Less
This chapter examines the situation and history of Parsis in East Africa, particularly in Zanzibar and Kenya. It suggests that Parsis came to East Africa, first to Zanzibar and then across to the mainland, as part of the network first developed by Sultan Barghash and this was continued by the British between Bombay and the East Coast of Africa. The earliest arrivals were professionals who for a decade grew into a business community.
Jennifer Cole and Lynn M. Thomas (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226113524
- eISBN:
- 9780226113555
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226113555.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, African Cultural Anthropology
In recent years, scholarly interest in love has flourished. Historians have addressed the rise of romantic love and marriage in Europe and the United States, while anthropologists have explored the ...
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In recent years, scholarly interest in love has flourished. Historians have addressed the rise of romantic love and marriage in Europe and the United States, while anthropologists have explored the ways globalization has reshaped local ideas about those same topics. Yet, love in Africa has been peculiarly ignored, resulting in a serious lack of understanding about this vital element of social life—a glaring omission given the intense focus on sexuality in Africa in the wake of HIV/AIDS. This book seeks both to understand this failure to consider love and to begin to correct it. In a substantive introduction and eight essays that examine a variety of countries and range in time from the 1930s to the present, the contributors collectively argue for the importance of paying attention to the many different cultural and historical strands that constitute love in Africa. Covering such diverse topics as the reception of Bollywood movies in 1950s Zanzibar, the effects of a Mexican telenovela on young people's ideas about courtship in Niger, the models of romance promoted by South African and Kenyan magazines, and the complex relationship between love and money in Madagascar and South Africa, this book is a vivid and compelling look at love's role in African society.Less
In recent years, scholarly interest in love has flourished. Historians have addressed the rise of romantic love and marriage in Europe and the United States, while anthropologists have explored the ways globalization has reshaped local ideas about those same topics. Yet, love in Africa has been peculiarly ignored, resulting in a serious lack of understanding about this vital element of social life—a glaring omission given the intense focus on sexuality in Africa in the wake of HIV/AIDS. This book seeks both to understand this failure to consider love and to begin to correct it. In a substantive introduction and eight essays that examine a variety of countries and range in time from the 1930s to the present, the contributors collectively argue for the importance of paying attention to the many different cultural and historical strands that constitute love in Africa. Covering such diverse topics as the reception of Bollywood movies in 1950s Zanzibar, the effects of a Mexican telenovela on young people's ideas about courtship in Niger, the models of romance promoted by South African and Kenyan magazines, and the complex relationship between love and money in Madagascar and South Africa, this book is a vivid and compelling look at love's role in African society.
Justin Willis
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203209
- eISBN:
- 9780191675782
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203209.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter describes how the legal aspects of land ownership on the coast were confused by the ambiguous status of the area. Theoretically, the coast was the domain of the Sultan of Zanzibar, it ...
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This chapter describes how the legal aspects of land ownership on the coast were confused by the ambiguous status of the area. Theoretically, the coast was the domain of the Sultan of Zanzibar, it remained so after 1921, when the rest of Kenya became a colony. Muslim inhabitants of the area were governed according to Muslim law. Elsewhere in East Africa, the British administration held that land belonged to no individual, but rather it belonged to either certain groups as a communal possession or to nobody at all. On the coast, the problems raised by private ownership were intensified by the imprecision of the boundaries involved. After the declaration in 1895 of the British Protectorate, there was for several years no system of land registration or survey. The absence of registration coincided with a considerable boom in land sales.Less
This chapter describes how the legal aspects of land ownership on the coast were confused by the ambiguous status of the area. Theoretically, the coast was the domain of the Sultan of Zanzibar, it remained so after 1921, when the rest of Kenya became a colony. Muslim inhabitants of the area were governed according to Muslim law. Elsewhere in East Africa, the British administration held that land belonged to no individual, but rather it belonged to either certain groups as a communal possession or to nobody at all. On the coast, the problems raised by private ownership were intensified by the imprecision of the boundaries involved. After the declaration in 1895 of the British Protectorate, there was for several years no system of land registration or survey. The absence of registration coincided with a considerable boom in land sales.
Yossef Rapoport and Emilie Savage-Smith
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226540887
- eISBN:
- 9780226553405
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226553405.003.0009
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cartography
The map of the Indian Ocean in the Book of Curiosities shows the Gulf of Aden as a gateway to the ports and islands of the East Africa, known today as the Swahili coast. Fatimid commercial relations ...
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The map of the Indian Ocean in the Book of Curiosities shows the Gulf of Aden as a gateway to the ports and islands of the East Africa, known today as the Swahili coast. Fatimid commercial relations with East Africa are rarely documented, and recent scholarship has doubted any Fatimid impact on the region during its formative period of Islamization. But the detailed depiction of East Africa in the Book of Curiosities points to an unexpected level of familiarity, based on information gathered from navigation along the coasts of the Horn of Africa. We have here what may be the first recorded references in Arabic to the islands of Zanzibar (al-Unguja), Mafia, and several localities and capes along the coasts of modern Somalia. The treatise allows us to visualize the Indian Ocean from a Fatimid viewpoint, with the Isma'ili anchors of Sind and the Yemen as the two crucial nodes for further political, religious and economic penetration. This Indian Ocean, unlike the Mediterranean, was not a militarised space, and Fatimid ambitions there relate to the propagation of the Isma'ili missionary network. Visually, the Indian Ocean also lacks the perfect symmetry of the Mediterranean and is shown here in disparate segments.Less
The map of the Indian Ocean in the Book of Curiosities shows the Gulf of Aden as a gateway to the ports and islands of the East Africa, known today as the Swahili coast. Fatimid commercial relations with East Africa are rarely documented, and recent scholarship has doubted any Fatimid impact on the region during its formative period of Islamization. But the detailed depiction of East Africa in the Book of Curiosities points to an unexpected level of familiarity, based on information gathered from navigation along the coasts of the Horn of Africa. We have here what may be the first recorded references in Arabic to the islands of Zanzibar (al-Unguja), Mafia, and several localities and capes along the coasts of modern Somalia. The treatise allows us to visualize the Indian Ocean from a Fatimid viewpoint, with the Isma'ili anchors of Sind and the Yemen as the two crucial nodes for further political, religious and economic penetration. This Indian Ocean, unlike the Mediterranean, was not a militarised space, and Fatimid ambitions there relate to the propagation of the Isma'ili missionary network. Visually, the Indian Ocean also lacks the perfect symmetry of the Mediterranean and is shown here in disparate segments.
Anna Greenwood
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719089671
- eISBN:
- 9781526104366
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719089671.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
The Zanzibar Maternity Association (ZMA) was a charitable organisation established in 1918 to help Zanzibari women during parturition. Majority funding came from the Arab and Indian communities who, ...
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The Zanzibar Maternity Association (ZMA) was a charitable organisation established in 1918 to help Zanzibari women during parturition. Majority funding came from the Arab and Indian communities who, correspondingly, had considerable say in the organisation's remit and agenda. Although the colonial British government had no alternative maternity service of their own on Zanzibar, this chapter shows how anxious the colonial government was about ZMA activities and influence during the 1930s and 1940s. Struggles over ZMA control are positioned as revealing of broader anxieties over the erosion of colonial hegemony and also as demonstrative of the highly flexible way the British constructed racialised discourses about health and hygiene. Ultimately, the British rejected cooperation when it was not precisely on the terms that they wanted.Less
The Zanzibar Maternity Association (ZMA) was a charitable organisation established in 1918 to help Zanzibari women during parturition. Majority funding came from the Arab and Indian communities who, correspondingly, had considerable say in the organisation's remit and agenda. Although the colonial British government had no alternative maternity service of their own on Zanzibar, this chapter shows how anxious the colonial government was about ZMA activities and influence during the 1930s and 1940s. Struggles over ZMA control are positioned as revealing of broader anxieties over the erosion of colonial hegemony and also as demonstrative of the highly flexible way the British constructed racialised discourses about health and hygiene. Ultimately, the British rejected cooperation when it was not precisely on the terms that they wanted.
Roman Loimeier
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780748695430
- eISBN:
- 9781474427050
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748695430.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter introduces Zanzibar as the regional context for the emergence of both Sufi- and Salafi-oriented movements of reform. Zanzibar’s history since the late 19th century was informed by the ...
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This chapter introduces Zanzibar as the regional context for the emergence of both Sufi- and Salafi-oriented movements of reform. Zanzibar’s history since the late 19th century was informed by the emergence of an Omani political aristocracy and the development of a reform movement led by religious scholars of the Alawiyya Sufi order as well as reform-minded scholars such as Abdallah Salih al-Farsy. The revolution in Zanzibar in January 1964 not only put an end to Omani rule, it also ended the hegemony of the Alawi religious establishment. In the aftermath of the revolution, Zanzibar’s socialist regime war opposed by Saudi trained Salafi-minded groups, known as “ansar al-sunna”. Until today, Salafi-oriented groups have not managed to become a popular mass movement, yet, have become a voice of opposition. The chapter finally compares the development of Salafi-oriented reform in Zanzibar with the development of Islamic reform in the Comoros. Despite some striking similarities, such as a revolution in 1975, the development of the Comoros was marked by a turn towards “Islam” after a coup d’Etat in 1978. The emergence of a Salafi-oriented movement of reform was linked with its protest against the increasingly corrupt political system of the Comoros in the 1980s and 1990s.Less
This chapter introduces Zanzibar as the regional context for the emergence of both Sufi- and Salafi-oriented movements of reform. Zanzibar’s history since the late 19th century was informed by the emergence of an Omani political aristocracy and the development of a reform movement led by religious scholars of the Alawiyya Sufi order as well as reform-minded scholars such as Abdallah Salih al-Farsy. The revolution in Zanzibar in January 1964 not only put an end to Omani rule, it also ended the hegemony of the Alawi religious establishment. In the aftermath of the revolution, Zanzibar’s socialist regime war opposed by Saudi trained Salafi-minded groups, known as “ansar al-sunna”. Until today, Salafi-oriented groups have not managed to become a popular mass movement, yet, have become a voice of opposition. The chapter finally compares the development of Salafi-oriented reform in Zanzibar with the development of Islamic reform in the Comoros. Despite some striking similarities, such as a revolution in 1975, the development of the Comoros was marked by a turn towards “Islam” after a coup d’Etat in 1978. The emergence of a Salafi-oriented movement of reform was linked with its protest against the increasingly corrupt political system of the Comoros in the 1980s and 1990s.
Jeremy Prestholdt
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520254244
- eISBN:
- 9780520941472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520254244.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Modernity, as a mode of perception, was ideologically forged at a moment when the world was becoming deeply interconnected. Western analysts tended to harm the reputation of other modes of ...
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Modernity, as a mode of perception, was ideologically forged at a moment when the world was becoming deeply interconnected. Western analysts tended to harm the reputation of other modes of self-perception, material relation, and economic change by theorizing modernity as a temporal form dependent on exclusionary definitions of historical sequence and essential difference. In Zanzibar, people designed their city out of diverse transcontinental materials. This chapter focuses on the role of new consumer goods in the articulation of changing social relations and cosmopolitan visions from the 1840s to the apogee of Zanzibar's pre-colonial remaking in the 1880s.Less
Modernity, as a mode of perception, was ideologically forged at a moment when the world was becoming deeply interconnected. Western analysts tended to harm the reputation of other modes of self-perception, material relation, and economic change by theorizing modernity as a temporal form dependent on exclusionary definitions of historical sequence and essential difference. In Zanzibar, people designed their city out of diverse transcontinental materials. This chapter focuses on the role of new consumer goods in the articulation of changing social relations and cosmopolitan visions from the 1840s to the apogee of Zanzibar's pre-colonial remaking in the 1880s.
Simon Lewis
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813036021
- eISBN:
- 9780813038636
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036021.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter explores Abdulrazak Gurnah's works. The European colonizer/African colonized discourse is explicitly complicated in Zanzibar, the birth place of Gurnah, by a set of circumstances which ...
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This chapter explores Abdulrazak Gurnah's works. The European colonizer/African colonized discourse is explicitly complicated in Zanzibar, the birth place of Gurnah, by a set of circumstances which do not fit the Black Atlantic model. Two additional discourses in particular need to be factored into the discussion here: the history of the Cold War and how it played out in Africa between World War II and the collapse of communism in 1990, and the history of the Indian Ocean world and the various and complex circulations of people, things, and ideas within it—notably Islam. Furthermore, a reading of Gurnah's works supports the critique of mainstream Western discourse for writing and reading about Africa.Less
This chapter explores Abdulrazak Gurnah's works. The European colonizer/African colonized discourse is explicitly complicated in Zanzibar, the birth place of Gurnah, by a set of circumstances which do not fit the Black Atlantic model. Two additional discourses in particular need to be factored into the discussion here: the history of the Cold War and how it played out in Africa between World War II and the collapse of communism in 1990, and the history of the Indian Ocean world and the various and complex circulations of people, things, and ideas within it—notably Islam. Furthermore, a reading of Gurnah's works supports the critique of mainstream Western discourse for writing and reading about Africa.
Sarah Longair
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474435734
- eISBN:
- 9781474453721
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474435734.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
For over a thousand years, the Swahili culture of coastal East Africa had developed by synthesising myriad influences from the African continent, Arabia and across the Indian Ocean. By the ...
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For over a thousand years, the Swahili culture of coastal East Africa had developed by synthesising myriad influences from the African continent, Arabia and across the Indian Ocean. By the mid-Victorian period Zanzibar was a key Indian Ocean commercial centre, and in 1890 was established as a British Protectorate. This chapter examines, through writings, collections of material culture and photographs, the British encounter with Zanzibar and the island’s cosmopolitan culture. British officers described themselves as going to ‘the East’ when departing for the island. The word itself epitomised mysterious otherness and exoticism, while its Arabian-Nights charm contrasted with the stereotypes about the African interior. Yet its skyline was criticised for lacking minarets and domes and being insufficiently Islamic. It was also described as unhealthy and dirty, making British intervention necessary to transform it into ‘an island paradise’. This chapter analyses how the British response to Zanzibar as a liminal space between Africa and the East shifted in this period of economic and political transformation on the coast.Less
For over a thousand years, the Swahili culture of coastal East Africa had developed by synthesising myriad influences from the African continent, Arabia and across the Indian Ocean. By the mid-Victorian period Zanzibar was a key Indian Ocean commercial centre, and in 1890 was established as a British Protectorate. This chapter examines, through writings, collections of material culture and photographs, the British encounter with Zanzibar and the island’s cosmopolitan culture. British officers described themselves as going to ‘the East’ when departing for the island. The word itself epitomised mysterious otherness and exoticism, while its Arabian-Nights charm contrasted with the stereotypes about the African interior. Yet its skyline was criticised for lacking minarets and domes and being insufficiently Islamic. It was also described as unhealthy and dirty, making British intervention necessary to transform it into ‘an island paradise’. This chapter analyses how the British response to Zanzibar as a liminal space between Africa and the East shifted in this period of economic and political transformation on the coast.
Jad Smith
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037337
- eISBN:
- 9780252094514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037337.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This chapter focuses on John Brunner's works from 1967 to 1975. These include Quicksand (1967), which garnered testy and argumentative reviews; Zanzibar (1968), which went on to garner Nebula and ...
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This chapter focuses on John Brunner's works from 1967 to 1975. These include Quicksand (1967), which garnered testy and argumentative reviews; Zanzibar (1968), which went on to garner Nebula and Hugo nominations; The Sheep Look Up (1972), his darkest novel set in the United States as it enters its “third century” as a nation; and The Shockwave Rider (1975), which Brunner described as convenient “shorthand” for dealing with the vicissitudes of the human mind. Brunner also contributed five columns on assorted topics to Science Fiction Review between December 1969 and March 1971. By the mid-1970s, Brunner largely dropped out of view and stopped writing science fiction.Less
This chapter focuses on John Brunner's works from 1967 to 1975. These include Quicksand (1967), which garnered testy and argumentative reviews; Zanzibar (1968), which went on to garner Nebula and Hugo nominations; The Sheep Look Up (1972), his darkest novel set in the United States as it enters its “third century” as a nation; and The Shockwave Rider (1975), which Brunner described as convenient “shorthand” for dealing with the vicissitudes of the human mind. Brunner also contributed five columns on assorted topics to Science Fiction Review between December 1969 and March 1971. By the mid-1970s, Brunner largely dropped out of view and stopped writing science fiction.
Thomas F. McDow
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780300163872
- eISBN:
- 9780300166460
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300163872.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter examines the social and religious aspects of manumission in Zanzibar and the integral yet hidden role that freed slaves played in the economy. Slaves in the Indian Ocean World existed in ...
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This chapter examines the social and religious aspects of manumission in Zanzibar and the integral yet hidden role that freed slaves played in the economy. Slaves in the Indian Ocean World existed in hierarchies of dependency, and in Zanzibar in the early to mid-nineteenth century, freed slaves with influential former owners took on important roles in the economy. Focusing on Islamic manumission, the chapter points out that local manumission practices were invisible to outsiders because they were private acts. There were three primary influences on Islamic manumissions: Islamic piety, slave owners’ circumstances, and actions of slaves. The chapter then considers testamentary manumissions, manumissions granted at the end of Ramadan, and the problem of insincere manumissions. It concludes with an extensive discussion of the commercial activities of freed slaves in Zanzibar, as revealed in legal formulae in the deeds and records of Said bin Muhammad al-Aghbari, an important Omani governor.Less
This chapter examines the social and religious aspects of manumission in Zanzibar and the integral yet hidden role that freed slaves played in the economy. Slaves in the Indian Ocean World existed in hierarchies of dependency, and in Zanzibar in the early to mid-nineteenth century, freed slaves with influential former owners took on important roles in the economy. Focusing on Islamic manumission, the chapter points out that local manumission practices were invisible to outsiders because they were private acts. There were three primary influences on Islamic manumissions: Islamic piety, slave owners’ circumstances, and actions of slaves. The chapter then considers testamentary manumissions, manumissions granted at the end of Ramadan, and the problem of insincere manumissions. It concludes with an extensive discussion of the commercial activities of freed slaves in Zanzibar, as revealed in legal formulae in the deeds and records of Said bin Muhammad al-Aghbari, an important Omani governor.
Andrew Coulson
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199679966
- eISBN:
- 9780191765964
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199679966.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
By the end of the sixteenth century, the Portuguese controlled the Indian Ocean. But in 1650 Muscat, the capital of Oman, broke free and gradually established control over the other ports on the East ...
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By the end of the sixteenth century, the Portuguese controlled the Indian Ocean. But in 1650 Muscat, the capital of Oman, broke free and gradually established control over the other ports on the East African coast. In 1828, they effectively colonized Zanzibar, and in 1840 they made it their capital and the basis of their trade in ivory and slaves. However, trade in ivory and textiles was more important and one reason why the Sultans of Zanzibar were willing to limit exports of slaves. Sultan Seyyid Majid created a new port, Dar es Salaam, but after his death in 1870 his successors did not appreciate its strategic significance. The Europeans were closing in. In 1885, Bismarck claimed a large part of the mainland as a protectorate, German East Africa, and in 1890, concerned to keep the Germans out, Britain forced the Sultan to declare Zanzibar and Pemba a British protectorate.Less
By the end of the sixteenth century, the Portuguese controlled the Indian Ocean. But in 1650 Muscat, the capital of Oman, broke free and gradually established control over the other ports on the East African coast. In 1828, they effectively colonized Zanzibar, and in 1840 they made it their capital and the basis of their trade in ivory and slaves. However, trade in ivory and textiles was more important and one reason why the Sultans of Zanzibar were willing to limit exports of slaves. Sultan Seyyid Majid created a new port, Dar es Salaam, but after his death in 1870 his successors did not appreciate its strategic significance. The Europeans were closing in. In 1885, Bismarck claimed a large part of the mainland as a protectorate, German East Africa, and in 1890, concerned to keep the Germans out, Britain forced the Sultan to declare Zanzibar and Pemba a British protectorate.
Jad Smith
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037337
- eISBN:
- 9780252094514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037337.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This introductory chapter discusses the metaphor of parallel worlds as it relates to the work of John Brunner. Brunner once observed that while we all inhabit the same world, we live in and among ...
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This introductory chapter discusses the metaphor of parallel worlds as it relates to the work of John Brunner. Brunner once observed that while we all inhabit the same world, we live in and among parallel worlds. He believed that a good science-fiction writer should cultivate awareness of parallel forms of experience and open up vistas onto the future that make readers more mindful of them. In keeping with this view, he developed plots with an eye toward the possible interplay of parallel worlds, imagining zones of contact as native to human experience as the tense friendship of the WASP and “Afram” roomies Donald Hogan and Norman House in Stand on Zanzibar (1968), and as foreign to it as the alternate ecology and symbiotic biotechnologies of The Crucible of Time (1983). Throughout his career, he made a practice of conducting idiosyncratic “thought experiments” in his fiction. These ranged from mirroring the moves of a famous 1892 Steinitz-Chigorin chess game in the plot of The Squares of the City (1965) to exploring the ethical quandaries of artificial intelligence through the grafted consciousness of a sentient spaceship in A Maze of Stars (1991). Time and again, Brunner proved himself an idea merchant of the first and best order. His narrative ventures often brought together parallel genres just as dynamically as parallel worlds, and he enjoyed a lasting reputation for handling even conventional storylines and concepts with an alluring difference that made them distinct—and distinctly his.Less
This introductory chapter discusses the metaphor of parallel worlds as it relates to the work of John Brunner. Brunner once observed that while we all inhabit the same world, we live in and among parallel worlds. He believed that a good science-fiction writer should cultivate awareness of parallel forms of experience and open up vistas onto the future that make readers more mindful of them. In keeping with this view, he developed plots with an eye toward the possible interplay of parallel worlds, imagining zones of contact as native to human experience as the tense friendship of the WASP and “Afram” roomies Donald Hogan and Norman House in Stand on Zanzibar (1968), and as foreign to it as the alternate ecology and symbiotic biotechnologies of The Crucible of Time (1983). Throughout his career, he made a practice of conducting idiosyncratic “thought experiments” in his fiction. These ranged from mirroring the moves of a famous 1892 Steinitz-Chigorin chess game in the plot of The Squares of the City (1965) to exploring the ethical quandaries of artificial intelligence through the grafted consciousness of a sentient spaceship in A Maze of Stars (1991). Time and again, Brunner proved himself an idea merchant of the first and best order. His narrative ventures often brought together parallel genres just as dynamically as parallel worlds, and he enjoyed a lasting reputation for handling even conventional storylines and concepts with an alluring difference that made them distinct—and distinctly his.
Jad Smith
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037337
- eISBN:
- 9780252094514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037337.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This chapter presents the transcript of an interview with John Brunner conducted by Steven L. Goldstein. The interview covered topics such as where Brunner gets his ideas; how he goes about putting ...
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This chapter presents the transcript of an interview with John Brunner conducted by Steven L. Goldstein. The interview covered topics such as where Brunner gets his ideas; how he goes about putting his ideas on paper; whether he believes that the future will be as bleak as he made it appear in The Sheep Look Up; whether he follows a set, daily pattern in his work; if he knew that his experimental novels such as Stand on Zanzibar and The Jagged Orbit would turn out the way they did; advice that he can give to aspiring writers; his views on the influence of mainstream writers on science fiction; and how he felt when he won the Hugo Award for Stand on Zanzibar.Less
This chapter presents the transcript of an interview with John Brunner conducted by Steven L. Goldstein. The interview covered topics such as where Brunner gets his ideas; how he goes about putting his ideas on paper; whether he believes that the future will be as bleak as he made it appear in The Sheep Look Up; whether he follows a set, daily pattern in his work; if he knew that his experimental novels such as Stand on Zanzibar and The Jagged Orbit would turn out the way they did; advice that he can give to aspiring writers; his views on the influence of mainstream writers on science fiction; and how he felt when he won the Hugo Award for Stand on Zanzibar.
Garth Andrew Myers and Makame Ali Muhajir
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719090554
- eISBN:
- 9781781707913
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719090554.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Dealing with British colonial Zanzibar, this chapter bridges between the preceding chapters on French colonial Africa and the following ones, on British Mandate Palestine. It was the renowned British ...
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Dealing with British colonial Zanzibar, this chapter bridges between the preceding chapters on French colonial Africa and the following ones, on British Mandate Palestine. It was the renowned British architect Henry Vaughan Lanchester who, in 1923, wrote the first comprehensive town planning scheme for Zanzibar, the capital of the British Protectorate of Zanzibar. With Geddesian and garden city influences, Lanchester's plan has cast a shadow over planning policies there – a shadow which is exposed in this chapter with viewing contemporary planning in Zanzibar as well. It argues that there are significant similarities in land management and planning policies between Lanchester's ideas and those being implemented in present day Zanzibar, especially planning associated with the ongoing Sustainable Management of Lands and Environment (SMOLE) Programme. They also contend that from Lanchester's time until contemporary era, planning reforms have continued to be developed within a system that lacks the sort of communicative social dialogue that might allow for genuinely participatory and integrated planning.Less
Dealing with British colonial Zanzibar, this chapter bridges between the preceding chapters on French colonial Africa and the following ones, on British Mandate Palestine. It was the renowned British architect Henry Vaughan Lanchester who, in 1923, wrote the first comprehensive town planning scheme for Zanzibar, the capital of the British Protectorate of Zanzibar. With Geddesian and garden city influences, Lanchester's plan has cast a shadow over planning policies there – a shadow which is exposed in this chapter with viewing contemporary planning in Zanzibar as well. It argues that there are significant similarities in land management and planning policies between Lanchester's ideas and those being implemented in present day Zanzibar, especially planning associated with the ongoing Sustainable Management of Lands and Environment (SMOLE) Programme. They also contend that from Lanchester's time until contemporary era, planning reforms have continued to be developed within a system that lacks the sort of communicative social dialogue that might allow for genuinely participatory and integrated planning.
Matthew S. Hopper
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300192018
- eISBN:
- 9780300213928
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300192018.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter places the history of the East African slave trade and the growth of the African diaspora in eastern Arabia in global context. By following the lives of enslaved Africans from the moment ...
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This chapter places the history of the East African slave trade and the growth of the African diaspora in eastern Arabia in global context. By following the lives of enslaved Africans from the moment of their capture in East Africa through their passage across the Indian Ocean to destinations in Arabia, the chapter challenges some myths about the East African slave trade preserved in colonial literature.Less
This chapter places the history of the East African slave trade and the growth of the African diaspora in eastern Arabia in global context. By following the lives of enslaved Africans from the moment of their capture in East Africa through their passage across the Indian Ocean to destinations in Arabia, the chapter challenges some myths about the East African slave trade preserved in colonial literature.
Matthew S. Hopper
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300192018
- eISBN:
- 9780300213928
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300192018.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter examines British antislavery policy in the Indian Ocean, focusing particularly on the lives of enslaved Africans who were “freed” by the Royal Navy, and it illustrates how their lives ...
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This chapter examines British antislavery policy in the Indian Ocean, focusing particularly on the lives of enslaved Africans who were “freed” by the Royal Navy, and it illustrates how their lives were remarkably like those of slaves in the Gulf. This chapter highlights contradictions in the British antislavery campaign in the Indian Ocean and argues that the British government struggled to formulate a coherent policy toward slavery in the Indian Ocean because the region’s economy was dependent on slave labor.Less
This chapter examines British antislavery policy in the Indian Ocean, focusing particularly on the lives of enslaved Africans who were “freed” by the Royal Navy, and it illustrates how their lives were remarkably like those of slaves in the Gulf. This chapter highlights contradictions in the British antislavery campaign in the Indian Ocean and argues that the British government struggled to formulate a coherent policy toward slavery in the Indian Ocean because the region’s economy was dependent on slave labor.
James Heartfield
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190491673
- eISBN:
- 9780190662981
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190491673.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
The Arab slave trade was mostly carried on from Zanzibar, under its Omani Sultans, Seyyid Majid and Syed Barghash. The Sultans of Zanzibar owed their thrones to the support of the British Empire, an ...
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The Arab slave trade was mostly carried on from Zanzibar, under its Omani Sultans, Seyyid Majid and Syed Barghash. The Sultans of Zanzibar owed their thrones to the support of the British Empire, an hypocrisy that the missionary David Livingstone highlighted. The British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society took up the campaign against the Sultans with the support of the military campaigner Sir Henry Bartle Frere and the consular official John Kirk. When Sultan Barghash compromised the Society, the British government lauded a victory, but too soon. Barghash kept his own harem, while handing over authority to Britain to police the East African hinterland of his slave-trading Empire.Less
The Arab slave trade was mostly carried on from Zanzibar, under its Omani Sultans, Seyyid Majid and Syed Barghash. The Sultans of Zanzibar owed their thrones to the support of the British Empire, an hypocrisy that the missionary David Livingstone highlighted. The British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society took up the campaign against the Sultans with the support of the military campaigner Sir Henry Bartle Frere and the consular official John Kirk. When Sultan Barghash compromised the Society, the British government lauded a victory, but too soon. Barghash kept his own harem, while handing over authority to Britain to police the East African hinterland of his slave-trading Empire.
Caroline Shaw
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- June 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190200985
- eISBN:
- 9780190201012
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190200985.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Cultural History
This chapter follows British responses to the three fugitive slave circulars of the Admiralty of July 1875–August 1876 that aimed to limit the cases in which the Royal Navy could admit escaped slaves ...
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This chapter follows British responses to the three fugitive slave circulars of the Admiralty of July 1875–August 1876 that aimed to limit the cases in which the Royal Navy could admit escaped slaves on board its ships. A royal commission tasked with examining the legality of the circulars argued that a whole category of people—foreign slaves—could be excluded from the refugee category because British officials feared they could not afford refuge off the coast of Zanzibar in East Africa. This chapter examines the context in which the Admiralty drafted the circulars, the metropolitan outcry, and the resulting investigation into the viability of overseas refuge. The investigation provided the first occasion for an open-eyed critique of the conditions of refuge across the Empire, one that forced those involved to reconsider how practical it was to shelter all worthy fugitives given the limitations of imperial resources.Less
This chapter follows British responses to the three fugitive slave circulars of the Admiralty of July 1875–August 1876 that aimed to limit the cases in which the Royal Navy could admit escaped slaves on board its ships. A royal commission tasked with examining the legality of the circulars argued that a whole category of people—foreign slaves—could be excluded from the refugee category because British officials feared they could not afford refuge off the coast of Zanzibar in East Africa. This chapter examines the context in which the Admiralty drafted the circulars, the metropolitan outcry, and the resulting investigation into the viability of overseas refuge. The investigation provided the first occasion for an open-eyed critique of the conditions of refuge across the Empire, one that forced those involved to reconsider how practical it was to shelter all worthy fugitives given the limitations of imperial resources.
