Todd A. Eisenstadt, Michael S. Danielson, Moises Jaime Bailon Corres, and Carlos Sorroza Polo (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199936267
- eISBN:
- 9780199333066
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199936267.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Throughout the Americas indigenous people have been arguing that they should be entitled, as “first peoples,” to representation in local, national, and international fora in a capacity different from ...
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Throughout the Americas indigenous people have been arguing that they should be entitled, as “first peoples,” to representation in local, national, and international fora in a capacity different from that of other civil society groups. This book began as an inquiry into subnational multicultural rights recognition in Oaxaca, Mexico, where constitutional reforms recognized the rights to Indigenous municipalities to self-determination with respect local election procedures, known as “usos y costumbres.” Taking the Oaxaca case as its core empirical referent, the book brings together perhaps the most comprehensive set of studies to date on indigenous and multicultural rights autonomy regimes in Latin America. The book moves beyond abstract debates common in the literature on multiculturalism to examine indigenous rights recognition in different real-world settings, comparing cases in unitary states (Bolivia, Ecuador) with subnational autonomy regimes in Mexico’s federal states (Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Yucatán). The book compares cases not normally considered together, examining the true range of such policies. This coverage of multiculturalist movements across cases, with reference to the tensions between human rights and communitarian autonomy movements, coupled with multi-faceted coverage of “on the ground” mechanisms of indigenous customary law recognition in Oaxaca, allows the volume to conclude that terms of the debate need to be reoriented. It is important to distinguish between multicultural group rights as recognized “from above” by the state and multicultural autonomy rights demanded “from-below”, while allowing for the fact that some cases combine top-down and bottom-up dynamics.Less
Throughout the Americas indigenous people have been arguing that they should be entitled, as “first peoples,” to representation in local, national, and international fora in a capacity different from that of other civil society groups. This book began as an inquiry into subnational multicultural rights recognition in Oaxaca, Mexico, where constitutional reforms recognized the rights to Indigenous municipalities to self-determination with respect local election procedures, known as “usos y costumbres.” Taking the Oaxaca case as its core empirical referent, the book brings together perhaps the most comprehensive set of studies to date on indigenous and multicultural rights autonomy regimes in Latin America. The book moves beyond abstract debates common in the literature on multiculturalism to examine indigenous rights recognition in different real-world settings, comparing cases in unitary states (Bolivia, Ecuador) with subnational autonomy regimes in Mexico’s federal states (Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Yucatán). The book compares cases not normally considered together, examining the true range of such policies. This coverage of multiculturalist movements across cases, with reference to the tensions between human rights and communitarian autonomy movements, coupled with multi-faceted coverage of “on the ground” mechanisms of indigenous customary law recognition in Oaxaca, allows the volume to conclude that terms of the debate need to be reoriented. It is important to distinguish between multicultural group rights as recognized “from above” by the state and multicultural autonomy rights demanded “from-below”, while allowing for the fact that some cases combine top-down and bottom-up dynamics.
Todd A. Eisenstadt
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199936267
- eISBN:
- 9780199333066
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199936267.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
“Autonomy” as a concept contains a slew of meanings, connotations, and frames. This chapter considers the degree to which minority groups can operate independently from the state and its dominant ...
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“Autonomy” as a concept contains a slew of meanings, connotations, and frames. This chapter considers the degree to which minority groups can operate independently from the state and its dominant culture as well as the degree to which individuals are free to make conscious decisions about the institutions, parties, and practices they support. Using examples given throughout the book of indigenous rights movements in Bolivia, Ecuador and Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas, Yucatán) to analyze the proper unit (individual, interest group, community, region) for states’ granting and indigenous movements’ seizure of autonomy, the chapter offers preliminary explorations of multicultural indigenous rights regimes, and their challenges to liberal pluralism, in Mexico, Bolivia, and Ecuador. It concludes that only a frank consideration of the trade-offs between human rights and communitarian rights can yield the kind of self-aware multiculturalism that simultaneously respects the rights of groups and their individual members.Less
“Autonomy” as a concept contains a slew of meanings, connotations, and frames. This chapter considers the degree to which minority groups can operate independently from the state and its dominant culture as well as the degree to which individuals are free to make conscious decisions about the institutions, parties, and practices they support. Using examples given throughout the book of indigenous rights movements in Bolivia, Ecuador and Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas, Yucatán) to analyze the proper unit (individual, interest group, community, region) for states’ granting and indigenous movements’ seizure of autonomy, the chapter offers preliminary explorations of multicultural indigenous rights regimes, and their challenges to liberal pluralism, in Mexico, Bolivia, and Ecuador. It concludes that only a frank consideration of the trade-offs between human rights and communitarian rights can yield the kind of self-aware multiculturalism that simultaneously respects the rights of groups and their individual members.
Shannan Mattiace
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199936267
- eISBN:
- 9780199333066
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199936267.003.0062
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Yucatán was one of the last Mexican states to enact Indian rights legislation in the wake of the 2001 national constitutional changes, and is worthy of examination, as it has one of the largest ...
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Yucatán was one of the last Mexican states to enact Indian rights legislation in the wake of the 2001 national constitutional changes, and is worthy of examination, as it has one of the largest number of indigenous language speakers in Mexico. Indian rights legislation in Yucatán, titled “The Law for the Protection of the Rights of the Maya Community”, was passed by the state congress in April 2011 and an implementing decree was approved in December 2011. This chapter argues that the multicultural reforms enacted in Yucatán to date are the result of top-down, national-level factors that have pushed state legislators to move forward in the area of Indian rights. Multicultural reforms in Yucatán are not the result of grassroots pressure: there has been no Indian identity-based social movement to speak of in Yucatán, unlike other regions of Mexico with strong movements, such as Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Michoacán.Less
Yucatán was one of the last Mexican states to enact Indian rights legislation in the wake of the 2001 national constitutional changes, and is worthy of examination, as it has one of the largest number of indigenous language speakers in Mexico. Indian rights legislation in Yucatán, titled “The Law for the Protection of the Rights of the Maya Community”, was passed by the state congress in April 2011 and an implementing decree was approved in December 2011. This chapter argues that the multicultural reforms enacted in Yucatán to date are the result of top-down, national-level factors that have pushed state legislators to move forward in the area of Indian rights. Multicultural reforms in Yucatán are not the result of grassroots pressure: there has been no Indian identity-based social movement to speak of in Yucatán, unlike other regions of Mexico with strong movements, such as Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Michoacán.
Karen D. Caplan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804757645
- eISBN:
- 9780804772914
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804757645.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This book challenges the commonly held assumption that early nineteenth-century Mexican state-building was a failure of liberalism. By comparing the experiences of two Mexican states, Oaxaca and ...
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This book challenges the commonly held assumption that early nineteenth-century Mexican state-building was a failure of liberalism. By comparing the experiences of two Mexican states, Oaxaca and Yucatán, it shows how the institutions and ideas associated with liberalism became deeply entrenched in Mexico's regions, but only on locally acceptable terms. Faced with the common challenge of incorporating new institutions into political life, Mexicans—be they indigenous villagers, government officials, or local elites—negotiated ways to make those institutions compatible with a range of local interests. Although Oaxaca and Yucatán both had large indigenous majorities, the local liberalisms they constructed incorporated indigenous people differently as citizens. As a result, Oaxaca experienced relative social peace throughout this era, while Yucatán exploded with indigenous rebellion beginning in 1847. The book puts the interaction between local and national liberalisms at the center of the narrative of Mexico's nineteenth century. It suggests that “liberalism” must be understood not as an overarching system imposed on the Mexican nation but rather as a set of guiding assumptions and institutions which Mexicans put to use in locally specific ways.Less
This book challenges the commonly held assumption that early nineteenth-century Mexican state-building was a failure of liberalism. By comparing the experiences of two Mexican states, Oaxaca and Yucatán, it shows how the institutions and ideas associated with liberalism became deeply entrenched in Mexico's regions, but only on locally acceptable terms. Faced with the common challenge of incorporating new institutions into political life, Mexicans—be they indigenous villagers, government officials, or local elites—negotiated ways to make those institutions compatible with a range of local interests. Although Oaxaca and Yucatán both had large indigenous majorities, the local liberalisms they constructed incorporated indigenous people differently as citizens. As a result, Oaxaca experienced relative social peace throughout this era, while Yucatán exploded with indigenous rebellion beginning in 1847. The book puts the interaction between local and national liberalisms at the center of the narrative of Mexico's nineteenth century. It suggests that “liberalism” must be understood not as an overarching system imposed on the Mexican nation but rather as a set of guiding assumptions and institutions which Mexicans put to use in locally specific ways.
Terry Rugeley
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804760485
- eISBN:
- 9780804771306
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804760485.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This book explores the origins, process, and consequences of forty years of nearly continual political violence in southeastern Mexico. Rather than recounting the well-worn narrative of the Caste ...
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This book explores the origins, process, and consequences of forty years of nearly continual political violence in southeastern Mexico. Rather than recounting the well-worn narrative of the Caste War, it focuses instead on how four decades of violence helped shape social and political institutions of the Mexican southeast. The book looks at Yucatán's famous Caste War from the perspective of the vast majority of Hispanics and Maya peasants who did not join in the great ethnic rebellion of 1847. It shows how the history of nonrebel territory was as dramatic and as violent as the front lines of the Caste War, and of greater significance for the larger evolution of Mexican society. The work explores political violence not merely as a method and process, but also as a molder of subsequent institutions and practices.Less
This book explores the origins, process, and consequences of forty years of nearly continual political violence in southeastern Mexico. Rather than recounting the well-worn narrative of the Caste War, it focuses instead on how four decades of violence helped shape social and political institutions of the Mexican southeast. The book looks at Yucatán's famous Caste War from the perspective of the vast majority of Hispanics and Maya peasants who did not join in the great ethnic rebellion of 1847. It shows how the history of nonrebel territory was as dramatic and as violent as the front lines of the Caste War, and of greater significance for the larger evolution of Mexican society. The work explores political violence not merely as a method and process, but also as a molder of subsequent institutions and practices.
Andrea Cucina, Allan Ortega Muñoz, Sandra Verónica, and Elizalde Rodarte
Cathy Willermet, Andrea Cucina, Cathy Willermet, and Andrea Cucina (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056005
- eISBN:
- 9780813053783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056005.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
The authors of this chapter focus their attention on the distribution of mortuary practices and their relationship to population affinities among several Postclassic (AD 1000–1520) Maya sites located ...
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The authors of this chapter focus their attention on the distribution of mortuary practices and their relationship to population affinities among several Postclassic (AD 1000–1520) Maya sites located long the eastern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula. The archaeological evidence suggests a lack of clear and culturally well-established patterns of mortuary practices in the region. Coastal sites represented important commercial and ceremonial centers along maritime trade routes around the peninsula, and were therefore potentially subject to population movement. The joint analysis of mortuary patterns and site biological distances, based on the evidence of dental morphology, indicates that biological relationships between sites does not correspond to similarities in mortuary practices, suggesting a series of diverse relationships between sites long the peninsula’s east coast.Less
The authors of this chapter focus their attention on the distribution of mortuary practices and their relationship to population affinities among several Postclassic (AD 1000–1520) Maya sites located long the eastern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula. The archaeological evidence suggests a lack of clear and culturally well-established patterns of mortuary practices in the region. Coastal sites represented important commercial and ceremonial centers along maritime trade routes around the peninsula, and were therefore potentially subject to population movement. The joint analysis of mortuary patterns and site biological distances, based on the evidence of dental morphology, indicates that biological relationships between sites does not correspond to similarities in mortuary practices, suggesting a series of diverse relationships between sites long the peninsula’s east coast.
Joel Robbins
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520257702
- eISBN:
- 9780520944916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520257702.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
The Spanish conquest of Yucatán rested on two major columns, military subjugation and the so-called conquista pacífica “peaceful conquest.” The military conquest was carried out by a relatively small ...
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The Spanish conquest of Yucatán rested on two major columns, military subjugation and the so-called conquista pacífica “peaceful conquest.” The military conquest was carried out by a relatively small number of soldiers, armed with swords, armor, muskets, horses, and dogs, and assisted by their indigenous allies. The objective of the conquista pacífica was to convert the natives from heathens into Christians living in accordance with policía cristiana, which we might gloss roughly as “Christian civility.” In order to be placed in policía cristiana, the Indios had to be reorganized. This was to be achieved through a process called reducción. The reducción represents the systematic attempt to design and inculcate a new habitus in the Indian communities. To this habitus corresponds a new Indian subject: individuated, classified, governed, and fundamentally religious.Less
The Spanish conquest of Yucatán rested on two major columns, military subjugation and the so-called conquista pacífica “peaceful conquest.” The military conquest was carried out by a relatively small number of soldiers, armed with swords, armor, muskets, horses, and dogs, and assisted by their indigenous allies. The objective of the conquista pacífica was to convert the natives from heathens into Christians living in accordance with policía cristiana, which we might gloss roughly as “Christian civility.” In order to be placed in policía cristiana, the Indios had to be reorganized. This was to be achieved through a process called reducción. The reducción represents the systematic attempt to design and inculcate a new habitus in the Indian communities. To this habitus corresponds a new Indian subject: individuated, classified, governed, and fundamentally religious.
Joel Robbins
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520257702
- eISBN:
- 9780520944916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520257702.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
The Maya were highly organized before the arrival of the Spanish—especially prior to but also after the demise of the Mayapán confederacy in the mid-thirteenth century. Given the accumulated ...
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The Maya were highly organized before the arrival of the Spanish—especially prior to but also after the demise of the Mayapán confederacy in the mid-thirteenth century. Given the accumulated experience of the Spanish and the missionaries in New Spain and elsewhere, and given what they found in Yucatán, there is no question that they recognized that the Maya were already living in a complex society. But the kind of order that interested the Spaniards was different, and it required both a simplification and recasting of the indigenous political geography. This chapter spells out the main lines of spatial transformation entailed by the reducción. To be reducido was above all to live in a stable place, in which things were done in their proper settings and people behaved in ways appropriate to those settings. The concept of propriety here derives from policía, itself derived linguistically from polis “town.” Thus, it is unsurprising that the order imposed by reducción revolved around the pueblo “town”.Less
The Maya were highly organized before the arrival of the Spanish—especially prior to but also after the demise of the Mayapán confederacy in the mid-thirteenth century. Given the accumulated experience of the Spanish and the missionaries in New Spain and elsewhere, and given what they found in Yucatán, there is no question that they recognized that the Maya were already living in a complex society. But the kind of order that interested the Spaniards was different, and it required both a simplification and recasting of the indigenous political geography. This chapter spells out the main lines of spatial transformation entailed by the reducción. To be reducido was above all to live in a stable place, in which things were done in their proper settings and people behaved in ways appropriate to those settings. The concept of propriety here derives from policía, itself derived linguistically from polis “town.” Thus, it is unsurprising that the order imposed by reducción revolved around the pueblo “town”.
Stephanie Jo Smith
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807832844
- eISBN:
- 9781469605753
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807888650_smith
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
The state of Yucatán is commonly considered to have been a hotbed of radical feminism during the Mexican Revolution. Challenging this romanticized view, this book examines the revolutionary reforms ...
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The state of Yucatán is commonly considered to have been a hotbed of radical feminism during the Mexican Revolution. Challenging this romanticized view, this book examines the revolutionary reforms designed to break women's ties to tradition and religion, as well as the ways in which women shaped these developments. It analyzes the various regulations introduced by Yucatán's two revolution-era governors, Salvador Alvarado and Felipe Carrillo Puerto. Like many revolutionary leaders throughout Mexico, the Yucatán policy makers professed allegiance to women's rights and socialist principles. Yet they, too, passed laws and condoned legal practices that excluded women from equal participation and reinforced their inferior status. Using court cases brought by ordinary women, including those of Mayan descent, the book demonstrates the importance of women's agency during the Mexican Revolution. But, it says, despite the intervention of women at many levels of Yucatecan society, the rigid definition of women's social roles as strictly that of wives and mothers within the Mexican nation guaranteed that long-term, substantial gains remained out of reach for most women for years to come.Less
The state of Yucatán is commonly considered to have been a hotbed of radical feminism during the Mexican Revolution. Challenging this romanticized view, this book examines the revolutionary reforms designed to break women's ties to tradition and religion, as well as the ways in which women shaped these developments. It analyzes the various regulations introduced by Yucatán's two revolution-era governors, Salvador Alvarado and Felipe Carrillo Puerto. Like many revolutionary leaders throughout Mexico, the Yucatán policy makers professed allegiance to women's rights and socialist principles. Yet they, too, passed laws and condoned legal practices that excluded women from equal participation and reinforced their inferior status. Using court cases brought by ordinary women, including those of Mayan descent, the book demonstrates the importance of women's agency during the Mexican Revolution. But, it says, despite the intervention of women at many levels of Yucatecan society, the rigid definition of women's social roles as strictly that of wives and mothers within the Mexican nation guaranteed that long-term, substantial gains remained out of reach for most women for years to come.
Terry Rugeley
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804791526
- eISBN:
- 9780804793124
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804791526.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Chapter 4 constitutes the heart and soul of the book: the story of how a Cuban adventurer named Francisco de Sentmanat y Zayas was invited into Tabasco to assist the province’s federalists with their ...
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Chapter 4 constitutes the heart and soul of the book: the story of how a Cuban adventurer named Francisco de Sentmanat y Zayas was invited into Tabasco to assist the province’s federalists with their revolt against Mexico City. Like William Walker in Nicaragua, Sentmanat succeeded only two well, and ended up making himself the state’s absolute ruler. Because Mexico was then preparing a war to reclaim the breakaway province of Yucatán, president Antonio López de Santa Anna, hoping to neutralize surrounding regions, actually recognized Sentmanat as both governor and state military commander. Once the reconquest of Yucatán ended in failure, however, Mexican commanders took out their frustrations by invading Tabasco and driving out the Cuban. Sentmanat raised one more force, this time in New Orleans; but his second invasion of Tabasco failed, and after a round of executions, Sentmanat ascended into the heaven of Tabascan legend.Less
Chapter 4 constitutes the heart and soul of the book: the story of how a Cuban adventurer named Francisco de Sentmanat y Zayas was invited into Tabasco to assist the province’s federalists with their revolt against Mexico City. Like William Walker in Nicaragua, Sentmanat succeeded only two well, and ended up making himself the state’s absolute ruler. Because Mexico was then preparing a war to reclaim the breakaway province of Yucatán, president Antonio López de Santa Anna, hoping to neutralize surrounding regions, actually recognized Sentmanat as both governor and state military commander. Once the reconquest of Yucatán ended in failure, however, Mexican commanders took out their frustrations by invading Tabasco and driving out the Cuban. Sentmanat raised one more force, this time in New Orleans; but his second invasion of Tabasco failed, and after a round of executions, Sentmanat ascended into the heaven of Tabascan legend.
Stephanie J. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807832844
- eISBN:
- 9781469605753
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807888650_smith.5
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the main themes covered in the book. It sets out the book's purpose, which is to consider issues of women and gender during the Mexican Revolution in ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the main themes covered in the book. It sets out the book's purpose, which is to consider issues of women and gender during the Mexican Revolution in order to analyze revolutionary patriarchy and its liberal precedents that thwarted women from becoming full Mexican citizens. The book explores the complicated process of women's involvement in nation-state formation by following two paths. First, in an effort to explore the social and legal traditions that structured the revolution's foundational principles, both on the federal and Yucatecan state levels, the various regulations introduced by Governors Alvarado and Carrillo Puerto are analyzed. The second direction utilizes court documents to explicate the changing roles of women and how they negotiated their places within society. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the main themes covered in the book. It sets out the book's purpose, which is to consider issues of women and gender during the Mexican Revolution in order to analyze revolutionary patriarchy and its liberal precedents that thwarted women from becoming full Mexican citizens. The book explores the complicated process of women's involvement in nation-state formation by following two paths. First, in an effort to explore the social and legal traditions that structured the revolution's foundational principles, both on the federal and Yucatecan state levels, the various regulations introduced by Governors Alvarado and Carrillo Puerto are analyzed. The second direction utilizes court documents to explicate the changing roles of women and how they negotiated their places within society. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
Stephanie J. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807832844
- eISBN:
- 9781469605753
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807888650_smith.9
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter utilizes men's and women's divorce cases to reveal how divorce practices shifted from a female-initiated process before the Mexican Revolution to a mainly male-initiated process during ...
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This chapter utilizes men's and women's divorce cases to reveal how divorce practices shifted from a female-initiated process before the Mexican Revolution to a mainly male-initiated process during the revolution and postrevolutionary consolidation. It examines how the rhetoric of the liberalized divorce laws promoted men's and women's freedom to leave their marriages, while cultural norms simultaneously stressed a woman's proper place as a wife within the private sphere of the home.Less
This chapter utilizes men's and women's divorce cases to reveal how divorce practices shifted from a female-initiated process before the Mexican Revolution to a mainly male-initiated process during the revolution and postrevolutionary consolidation. It examines how the rhetoric of the liberalized divorce laws promoted men's and women's freedom to leave their marriages, while cultural norms simultaneously stressed a woman's proper place as a wife within the private sphere of the home.
Stephanie J. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807832844
- eISBN:
- 9781469605753
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807888650_smith.10
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Focusing on the practice of prostitution, this chapter addresses the often contentious interchanges between revolutionary officials and those elements of society they viewed as threats to Yucatán's ...
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Focusing on the practice of prostitution, this chapter addresses the often contentious interchanges between revolutionary officials and those elements of society they viewed as threats to Yucatán's families. Bureaucratic rhetoric promoted individual freedoms for all Yucatecan citizens, but public officials still attempted to regulate every aspect of the state's “unruly” prostitutes to control the spread of disease and immorality.Less
Focusing on the practice of prostitution, this chapter addresses the often contentious interchanges between revolutionary officials and those elements of society they viewed as threats to Yucatán's families. Bureaucratic rhetoric promoted individual freedoms for all Yucatecan citizens, but public officials still attempted to regulate every aspect of the state's “unruly” prostitutes to control the spread of disease and immorality.
Stephanie J. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807832844
- eISBN:
- 9781469605753
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807888650_smith.11
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter highlights Yucatán's Mestiza (meaning Maya) Beauty Contest, held in December 1924, to further illustrate the state's overall rollback of more substantial reforms for women. Yucatecan ...
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This chapter highlights Yucatán's Mestiza (meaning Maya) Beauty Contest, held in December 1924, to further illustrate the state's overall rollback of more substantial reforms for women. Yucatecan officials' admiration for more “traditional” concepts of womanhood, rather than the exotic and “imported” ideology exemplified by feminism, was indicative of the end of revolutionary reforms for women and of significant social change overall. Feminists faced sustained opposition in the months following Carrillo Puerto's death as new government authorities reversed most revolutionary measures. By 1925, many feminists and officials connected with the former revolutionary regime either had been killed or had fled the state. What this meant for women was the restoration of conventional notions of their proper place in society and a halt in their advancements for years to come.Less
This chapter highlights Yucatán's Mestiza (meaning Maya) Beauty Contest, held in December 1924, to further illustrate the state's overall rollback of more substantial reforms for women. Yucatecan officials' admiration for more “traditional” concepts of womanhood, rather than the exotic and “imported” ideology exemplified by feminism, was indicative of the end of revolutionary reforms for women and of significant social change overall. Feminists faced sustained opposition in the months following Carrillo Puerto's death as new government authorities reversed most revolutionary measures. By 1925, many feminists and officials connected with the former revolutionary regime either had been killed or had fled the state. What this meant for women was the restoration of conventional notions of their proper place in society and a halt in their advancements for years to come.
Roberto Valcárcel Rojas
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061566
- eISBN:
- 9780813051499
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061566.003.0006
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Chapter 6 discusses the new studies of human remains located in the site cemetery. The osteological investigation established the presence of 133 individuals. There is a low incidence of pathologies, ...
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Chapter 6 discusses the new studies of human remains located in the site cemetery. The osteological investigation established the presence of 133 individuals. There is a low incidence of pathologies, and in terms of ancestors one individual was distinguished as being of African origin and three others that could be mestizos. The majority exhibit cranial modification, although this was found to be absent in a significant number of juveniles. The analysis of Strontium, Carbon, and Oxygen isotope ratios indicate that the major part of the population is of local origin, although there are also individuals from elsewhere in the Caribbean, and from more remote areas like Africa and possibly the Yucatán. The taphonomic analysis show the predominence of primary articulated burials, although there are also secondary burials and cases of the management or movement of bones and remains possibly associated with a situation of rapid burial. The latter coincide with demographic indicators that point to a cemetery where the interred population probably was affected by epidemic diseases. All of the radiocarbon dates for the remains are after the arrival of the Spanish.Less
Chapter 6 discusses the new studies of human remains located in the site cemetery. The osteological investigation established the presence of 133 individuals. There is a low incidence of pathologies, and in terms of ancestors one individual was distinguished as being of African origin and three others that could be mestizos. The majority exhibit cranial modification, although this was found to be absent in a significant number of juveniles. The analysis of Strontium, Carbon, and Oxygen isotope ratios indicate that the major part of the population is of local origin, although there are also individuals from elsewhere in the Caribbean, and from more remote areas like Africa and possibly the Yucatán. The taphonomic analysis show the predominence of primary articulated burials, although there are also secondary burials and cases of the management or movement of bones and remains possibly associated with a situation of rapid burial. The latter coincide with demographic indicators that point to a cemetery where the interred population probably was affected by epidemic diseases. All of the radiocarbon dates for the remains are after the arrival of the Spanish.
Jason Oliver Chang
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040863
- eISBN:
- 9780252099359
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040863.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter recovers the history of recruited Chinese laborers, known as motores de sangre, for use in national colonization. Records from cientificos, or technocratic officials, of the Porfirian ...
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This chapter recovers the history of recruited Chinese laborers, known as motores de sangre, for use in national colonization. Records from cientificos, or technocratic officials, of the Porfirian regime show how racialized notions of Chinese migrants as disposable workers informed Mexican modernization programs. The chapter traces agents of industrialization and how they appropriated streams of contracted Asian coolie laborers, to advance railroads and plantations. The highest concentrations of Chinese people in Mexico occurred in the states of Sonora and Yucatán. Chinese workers were primarily used in contentious territory with rebellious indigenous populations. The chapter turns to the development of treaty relations with China and national debates about Chinese immigration. These debates demonstrate how racial discourses of Indians and Chinese were linked. The more that Indians were seen as obstacles of modernization, the greater the reliance upon the Chinese; and when Indians were seen as agents of modernization, the more the Chinese were despised. Finally, a close look at the near complete reliance upon Chinese in national colonization of Baja CaliforniaLess
This chapter recovers the history of recruited Chinese laborers, known as motores de sangre, for use in national colonization. Records from cientificos, or technocratic officials, of the Porfirian regime show how racialized notions of Chinese migrants as disposable workers informed Mexican modernization programs. The chapter traces agents of industrialization and how they appropriated streams of contracted Asian coolie laborers, to advance railroads and plantations. The highest concentrations of Chinese people in Mexico occurred in the states of Sonora and Yucatán. Chinese workers were primarily used in contentious territory with rebellious indigenous populations. The chapter turns to the development of treaty relations with China and national debates about Chinese immigration. These debates demonstrate how racial discourses of Indians and Chinese were linked. The more that Indians were seen as obstacles of modernization, the greater the reliance upon the Chinese; and when Indians were seen as agents of modernization, the more the Chinese were despised. Finally, a close look at the near complete reliance upon Chinese in national colonization of Baja California
Travis W. Stanton
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780813054353
- eISBN:
- 9780813053226
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813054353.003.0014
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter reviews the evidence for E Groups in the northern Maya lowlands with an emphasis on the site of Yaxuná, Yucatán. Data indicate that E Groups in Yucatán and northern Campeche are ...
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This chapter reviews the evidence for E Groups in the northern Maya lowlands with an emphasis on the site of Yaxuná, Yucatán. Data indicate that E Groups in Yucatán and northern Campeche are distributed along Middle (1000–350 BCE) and Late Preclassic (350 BCE–0 CE) period trade routes between the northern salt flats and the southern lowland kingdoms. Excavations at the E Group at Yaxuná reveal similar patterns of deposition compared to southern lowland E Groups as well as a high frequency of ceramics from Petén. These data suggest that Yaxuná was founded and/or allied with southern lowland kingdoms to control an interior trade route to the northern coast.Less
This chapter reviews the evidence for E Groups in the northern Maya lowlands with an emphasis on the site of Yaxuná, Yucatán. Data indicate that E Groups in Yucatán and northern Campeche are distributed along Middle (1000–350 BCE) and Late Preclassic (350 BCE–0 CE) period trade routes between the northern salt flats and the southern lowland kingdoms. Excavations at the E Group at Yaxuná reveal similar patterns of deposition compared to southern lowland E Groups as well as a high frequency of ceramics from Petén. These data suggest that Yaxuná was founded and/or allied with southern lowland kingdoms to control an interior trade route to the northern coast.
Gesa Mackenthun
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781846318900
- eISBN:
- 9781846319983
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781846318900.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter examines a ‘tropical’ geographical site that has largely been forgotten by the historiography of America while being mythologized in popular history. Gesa Mackenthun argues that while ...
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This chapter examines a ‘tropical’ geographical site that has largely been forgotten by the historiography of America while being mythologized in popular history. Gesa Mackenthun argues that while Central America, due to its transitional political status and its important geopolitical position at the isthmus of the Western Hemisphere, was definitely a US interest zone in the period both before and after the Mexican War, the study of this (post-)colonial contact zone also exposes a convergence of various socio-economic and discursive strands which link Central America, and Yucatán in particular, to a much wider cultural sphere. The chapter discusses personal and textual relations between US American and European protagonists visiting Yucatán in the 1840s and 1850s, such as John Lloyd Stephens, George E. Squier, and the French aristocrat Arthur de Morelet. It shows that the discursive field was characterized by antagonistic attitudes toward nature and indigenous culture, including the ideological ‘uses’ of the indigenous past. While sharing the volume's attention to an extended sense of the “tropics” as a geopolitical region, it suggests broadening our understanding in regarding Mesoamerica as a global center of various interests, as well as one of the engines of the emergence of institutionalized geography and archaeology.Less
This chapter examines a ‘tropical’ geographical site that has largely been forgotten by the historiography of America while being mythologized in popular history. Gesa Mackenthun argues that while Central America, due to its transitional political status and its important geopolitical position at the isthmus of the Western Hemisphere, was definitely a US interest zone in the period both before and after the Mexican War, the study of this (post-)colonial contact zone also exposes a convergence of various socio-economic and discursive strands which link Central America, and Yucatán in particular, to a much wider cultural sphere. The chapter discusses personal and textual relations between US American and European protagonists visiting Yucatán in the 1840s and 1850s, such as John Lloyd Stephens, George E. Squier, and the French aristocrat Arthur de Morelet. It shows that the discursive field was characterized by antagonistic attitudes toward nature and indigenous culture, including the ideological ‘uses’ of the indigenous past. While sharing the volume's attention to an extended sense of the “tropics” as a geopolitical region, it suggests broadening our understanding in regarding Mesoamerica as a global center of various interests, as well as one of the engines of the emergence of institutionalized geography and archaeology.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804757645
- eISBN:
- 9780804772914
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804757645.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This book, which explores Mexico's transition to liberalism, focusing on the experiences of the states of Oaxaca and Yucatán, argues that changes in institutions triggered intense negotiation between ...
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This book, which explores Mexico's transition to liberalism, focusing on the experiences of the states of Oaxaca and Yucatán, argues that changes in institutions triggered intense negotiation between indigenous people and the state with respect to the meanings of liberal republican institutions, policies, and systems. The meanings that they could agree on became, for them, liberalism, which in nineteenth-century Mexico was built in the context of politics on the ground. The book makes distinctions between liberalism as a proactive movement, liberalism as a system, and liberalism as a political culture. It contends that liberalism mattered to people all of the time, not just in periods of sustained conflict, and as a set of ideas which had to be reckoned with in the organization of daily life, not just as an ideology that could promote and justify movements for change. The book also shows that indigenous communities in Oaxaca and Yucatan both based their relationship with the state on a notion of autonomy.Less
This book, which explores Mexico's transition to liberalism, focusing on the experiences of the states of Oaxaca and Yucatán, argues that changes in institutions triggered intense negotiation between indigenous people and the state with respect to the meanings of liberal republican institutions, policies, and systems. The meanings that they could agree on became, for them, liberalism, which in nineteenth-century Mexico was built in the context of politics on the ground. The book makes distinctions between liberalism as a proactive movement, liberalism as a system, and liberalism as a political culture. It contends that liberalism mattered to people all of the time, not just in periods of sustained conflict, and as a set of ideas which had to be reckoned with in the organization of daily life, not just as an ideology that could promote and justify movements for change. The book also shows that indigenous communities in Oaxaca and Yucatan both based their relationship with the state on a notion of autonomy.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804757645
- eISBN:
- 9780804772914
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804757645.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Spain's passage of a liberal constitution in 1812 presented a challenge to both Oaxaca and Yucatán regarding local notions of autonomy. This constitution redefined the structures of municipal ...
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Spain's passage of a liberal constitution in 1812 presented a challenge to both Oaxaca and Yucatán regarding local notions of autonomy. This constitution redefined the structures of municipal administration as well as the legal status of indigenous people (indígenas), making them equal citizens of the new constitutional monarchy and eliminating the distinctions between indígenas and non-indígenas that had pervaded Spanish colonial government and society. This chapter compares the experience of the creation of those bodies in the two states and shows how new institutional forms in Oaxaca could be made to replicate old ones in a variety of ways. In Yucatán, the situation was complicated by the growing numbers of non-indígenas living in indigenous communities. In particular, the new administrative bodies often fell into the hands of non-indígenas without completely eliminating the influence of older indigenous authorities. The chapter also demonstrates how local political relationships that had developed in Mexico under Spanish colonial rule strongly influenced the way in which Spanish liberalism was received in New Spain's regions.Less
Spain's passage of a liberal constitution in 1812 presented a challenge to both Oaxaca and Yucatán regarding local notions of autonomy. This constitution redefined the structures of municipal administration as well as the legal status of indigenous people (indígenas), making them equal citizens of the new constitutional monarchy and eliminating the distinctions between indígenas and non-indígenas that had pervaded Spanish colonial government and society. This chapter compares the experience of the creation of those bodies in the two states and shows how new institutional forms in Oaxaca could be made to replicate old ones in a variety of ways. In Yucatán, the situation was complicated by the growing numbers of non-indígenas living in indigenous communities. In particular, the new administrative bodies often fell into the hands of non-indígenas without completely eliminating the influence of older indigenous authorities. The chapter also demonstrates how local political relationships that had developed in Mexico under Spanish colonial rule strongly influenced the way in which Spanish liberalism was received in New Spain's regions.
