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The Anti-Code Revolt: Laissez-Faire Medical Ethics, 1876–1979

Robert Baker

in Before Bioethics: A History of American Medical Ethics from the Colonial Period to the Bioethics Revolution

This chapter describes the transformation of the American Medical Association's (AMA) instrument of ethical self-regulation—the 1847 Code of Medical Ethics—from an icon of professional pride into a ... More

This chapter describes the transformation of the American Medical Association's (AMA) instrument of ethical self-regulation—the 1847 Code of Medical Ethics—from an icon of professional pride into a loathed instrument of inquisition. It traces the origins of a revolt by an alliance of specialists, sanitarians, and scientists, who, led by the Medical Society of the State of New York, opted out of the AMA rather than submit to its code of ethics. As the balance of power and prestige in medicine shifted from general practice to hospital, public health, and specialist medicine, these rebels took charge of the AMA and substituted purely advisory laissez-faire principles for the “tyranny” of the AMA's code of ethics. The principle of laissez-faire was eventually adopted as organized medicine's approach to non-intrapractitioner medical ethics and this lasted through most of the twentieth century.Less

1896–1900: Metamorphosis

Barbara Barksdale Clowse

in A Doctor for Rural America: The Reforms of Frances Sage Bradley

Attending the Medical College of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children, then graduating from Cornell Medical School in 1899 transformed Bradley into a physician with superior training. She ... More

Attending the Medical College of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children, then graduating from Cornell Medical School in 1899 transformed Bradley into a physician with superior training. She relocated her family to Atlanta, where the Sage and Bradley families were well known. She practiced in bustling downtown and publicized medical advances as well as public health.Less

Peripheral Assent

in The Cuban Cure: Reason and Resistance in Global Science

This chapter examines the growth of the biotechnology sector in Cuba. It explores Cuba's various attempts to define its biotechnology and its efforts to maintain a space for that science amid a ... More

This chapter examines the growth of the biotechnology sector in Cuba. It explores Cuba's various attempts to define its biotechnology and its efforts to maintain a space for that science amid a rather differently couched global pharmaceutical norm. It mentions that the Center for Molecular Immunology's (CIM) TheraCIM drug was granted a U.S. patent in 1999 and an in-depth article on the CIM–York Medical partnership was featured in the July 2000 issue of Journal of the National Cancer Institute.Less