Gang Zhao
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824836436
- eISBN:
- 9780824871192
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824836436.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This concluding chapter discusses the significance of the 1684 trade policy in Chinese maritime history. The economic and commercial prosperity resulting from the 1684 open-door policy greatly ...
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This concluding chapter discusses the significance of the 1684 trade policy in Chinese maritime history. The economic and commercial prosperity resulting from the 1684 open-door policy greatly contributed to the emergence of the treaty ports, the best example of which is Shanghai. Becoming the headquarters of the Jiangsu customs, Shanghai's elaborate trade networks connected the Chinese heartland, Manchuria, the rest of East Asia, and Southeast Asia. As early as 1830s, Western travelers were so impressed by the thriving center that they judged it a suitable base for commercial expansion in China. And indeed, with the Nanjing Treaty, Shanghai became one of five treaty ports. Moreover, three of the other four treaty ports—Guangzhou, Xiamen, and Ningbo—had been chosen by the Qing court in 1684 to serve as headquarters of imperial customs. All three cities grew rich from trade with Japan, Southeast Asia, and the West.Less
This concluding chapter discusses the significance of the 1684 trade policy in Chinese maritime history. The economic and commercial prosperity resulting from the 1684 open-door policy greatly contributed to the emergence of the treaty ports, the best example of which is Shanghai. Becoming the headquarters of the Jiangsu customs, Shanghai's elaborate trade networks connected the Chinese heartland, Manchuria, the rest of East Asia, and Southeast Asia. As early as 1830s, Western travelers were so impressed by the thriving center that they judged it a suitable base for commercial expansion in China. And indeed, with the Nanjing Treaty, Shanghai became one of five treaty ports. Moreover, three of the other four treaty ports—Guangzhou, Xiamen, and Ningbo—had been chosen by the Qing court in 1684 to serve as headquarters of imperial customs. All three cities grew rich from trade with Japan, Southeast Asia, and the West.
Jack Meng-Tat Chia
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- August 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190090975
- eISBN:
- 9780190091002
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190090975.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
Chapter 1 provides the historical background to Chinese migration and the spread of Buddhism to maritime Southeast Asia between the nineteenth century and the 1940s to set the stage for the ...
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Chapter 1 provides the historical background to Chinese migration and the spread of Buddhism to maritime Southeast Asia between the nineteenth century and the 1940s to set the stage for the discussion of the three monks in this study. In rough chronological order, this chapter tells the history of Chinese migration to colonial Southeast Asian states, arrival of Chinese Buddhism, and the South China Sea Buddhist networks that connected China and Southeast Asia. During this period, Buddhist monks came to the Malay Archipelago and propagated ideas of Buddhist modernism to the overseas Chinese communities. By the end of the 1940s, communist victory in the Chinese civil war led to the establishment of the People’s Republic of China and the evacuation of the Kuomintang government to Taiwan; this period also marked the beginning of decolonization in maritime Southeast Asia.Less
Chapter 1 provides the historical background to Chinese migration and the spread of Buddhism to maritime Southeast Asia between the nineteenth century and the 1940s to set the stage for the discussion of the three monks in this study. In rough chronological order, this chapter tells the history of Chinese migration to colonial Southeast Asian states, arrival of Chinese Buddhism, and the South China Sea Buddhist networks that connected China and Southeast Asia. During this period, Buddhist monks came to the Malay Archipelago and propagated ideas of Buddhist modernism to the overseas Chinese communities. By the end of the 1940s, communist victory in the Chinese civil war led to the establishment of the People’s Republic of China and the evacuation of the Kuomintang government to Taiwan; this period also marked the beginning of decolonization in maritime Southeast Asia.
