Jiang Qing
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154602
- eISBN:
- 9781400844845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154602.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter proposes another institution—the Academy—that is meant to further restrain the power of parliamentarians. In Western constitutionalism, power is limited by means of rights. In Confucian ...
More
This chapter proposes another institution—the Academy—that is meant to further restrain the power of parliamentarians. In Western constitutionalism, power is limited by means of rights. In Confucian constitutionalism, power is limited primarily by means of morality. The chapter explicitly invokes the seventeenth-century Confucian scholar Huang Zongxi's proposal for an Academy composed of scholar-officials who could question the emperor and appraise and adjudicate the rights and wrongs of his policies. It is careful to note that the Academy supervises, but does not run the state. Subordinate bodies exercise their own authority according to the principle of balance of powers and independence. The Academy does not interfere in these operations and hence its maintenance of religion and morality is different from that of a Taliban-style theocracy.Less
This chapter proposes another institution—the Academy—that is meant to further restrain the power of parliamentarians. In Western constitutionalism, power is limited by means of rights. In Confucian constitutionalism, power is limited primarily by means of morality. The chapter explicitly invokes the seventeenth-century Confucian scholar Huang Zongxi's proposal for an Academy composed of scholar-officials who could question the emperor and appraise and adjudicate the rights and wrongs of his policies. It is careful to note that the Academy supervises, but does not run the state. Subordinate bodies exercise their own authority according to the principle of balance of powers and independence. The Academy does not interfere in these operations and hence its maintenance of religion and morality is different from that of a Taliban-style theocracy.
George Athan Billias
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814791073
- eISBN:
- 9780814739013
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814791073.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
Constitutionalism represents America's greatest gift to human freedom, yet its story remains largely untold. For over 200 years, its ideals, ideas, and institutions influenced different peoples in ...
More
Constitutionalism represents America's greatest gift to human freedom, yet its story remains largely untold. For over 200 years, its ideals, ideas, and institutions influenced different peoples in different lands at different times. American constitutionalism and the revolutionary republican documents on which it is based affected countless countries by helping them develop their own constitutional democracies. Western constitutionalism—of which America was a part along with Britain and France—reached a major turning point in global history in 1989, when the forces of democracy exceeded the forces of autocracy for the first time. This book traces the spread of American constitutionalism—from Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean region, to Asia and Africa—beginning chronologically with the American Revolution and the fateful “shot heard round the world” and ending with the conclusion of the Cold War in 1989. The American model contributed significantly by spearheading the drive to greater democracy throughout the Western world, and this book tells a story that will change the way readers view the important role American constitutionalism played during this era.Less
Constitutionalism represents America's greatest gift to human freedom, yet its story remains largely untold. For over 200 years, its ideals, ideas, and institutions influenced different peoples in different lands at different times. American constitutionalism and the revolutionary republican documents on which it is based affected countless countries by helping them develop their own constitutional democracies. Western constitutionalism—of which America was a part along with Britain and France—reached a major turning point in global history in 1989, when the forces of democracy exceeded the forces of autocracy for the first time. This book traces the spread of American constitutionalism—from Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean region, to Asia and Africa—beginning chronologically with the American Revolution and the fateful “shot heard round the world” and ending with the conclusion of the Cold War in 1989. The American model contributed significantly by spearheading the drive to greater democracy throughout the Western world, and this book tells a story that will change the way readers view the important role American constitutionalism played during this era.
George Athan Billias
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814791073
- eISBN:
- 9780814739013
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814791073.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter focuses on the sixth “echo” of American constitutionalism: the period between 1945 and 1974. The United States became a superpower after World War II, its constitutionalism intact, when ...
More
This chapter focuses on the sixth “echo” of American constitutionalism: the period between 1945 and 1974. The United States became a superpower after World War II, its constitutionalism intact, when the sixth “echo” produced a crescendo. From 1945 to 1974, American constitutionalism enjoyed its highest peak abroad, spurred by the decolonization movement that gave rise to many of the constitutions of emerging new nations. The decolonization movement after 1950 also gave a new lease on life to the American Declaration of Independence. This chapter examines the influence of American constitutionalism on Western constitutionalism and on the constitutions of various countries including West Germany, Japan, Italy, Austria, France, Ireland, South Korea, India, Indonesia, China, and the Philippines as well as Latin American and the Caribbean countries. Finally, the chapter discusses violations of American constitutional tenets during the Cold War.Less
This chapter focuses on the sixth “echo” of American constitutionalism: the period between 1945 and 1974. The United States became a superpower after World War II, its constitutionalism intact, when the sixth “echo” produced a crescendo. From 1945 to 1974, American constitutionalism enjoyed its highest peak abroad, spurred by the decolonization movement that gave rise to many of the constitutions of emerging new nations. The decolonization movement after 1950 also gave a new lease on life to the American Declaration of Independence. This chapter examines the influence of American constitutionalism on Western constitutionalism and on the constitutions of various countries including West Germany, Japan, Italy, Austria, France, Ireland, South Korea, India, Indonesia, China, and the Philippines as well as Latin American and the Caribbean countries. Finally, the chapter discusses violations of American constitutional tenets during the Cold War.
George Athan Billias
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814791073
- eISBN:
- 9780814739013
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814791073.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter examines the influence of American constitutionalism in Europe during the era of the American and French revolutions and the European revolutions of 1848. It suggests that the influence ...
More
This chapter examines the influence of American constitutionalism in Europe during the era of the American and French revolutions and the European revolutions of 1848. It suggests that the influence of American constitutionalism during this period did not have as much effect as before. It considers three distinctive periods of Western constitutionalism that mark this interlude: the period when Napoleon ended the French Revolution with his coup d'état, the age of Klemens von Metternich, and the period just before the outbreak of the 1848 revolutions. The chapter also discusses American constitutional influence on a number of European constitutions in the years 1800–1848, including those of Norway, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Italy, and Greece. It concludes with an assessment of the impact of Jacksonian democracy on European constitutionalism.Less
This chapter examines the influence of American constitutionalism in Europe during the era of the American and French revolutions and the European revolutions of 1848. It suggests that the influence of American constitutionalism during this period did not have as much effect as before. It considers three distinctive periods of Western constitutionalism that mark this interlude: the period when Napoleon ended the French Revolution with his coup d'état, the age of Klemens von Metternich, and the period just before the outbreak of the 1848 revolutions. The chapter also discusses American constitutional influence on a number of European constitutions in the years 1800–1848, including those of Norway, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Italy, and Greece. It concludes with an assessment of the impact of Jacksonian democracy on European constitutionalism.
