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After St. Paul, Niagara
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 14 recounts the alliances between McGhee and W.E.B. Du Bois that deepens into friendship. During one of Du Bois’ trips to St. Paul McGhee proposes that Du Bois launch the Niagara Movement ... More
Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
William D. Green
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Spanning the half-century after the Civil War, Degrees of Freedom draws a rare picture of black experience in a northern state and of the nature of black discontent and action within a predominantly ... More
A Defining Moment for Mcghee
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 13 documents the conference of Washington’s National Afro-American Council (NAAC) that was held in St. Paul, 1902, organized by McGhee. What was intended to be his springboard to national ... More
The Legacy
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
This chapter records the final days of McGhee, Wheaton (who had relocated to New York), and John Adams who showed ambivalence to Washington during the Wizard’ decline in power. Upon Adams’ death, his ... More
A Certain Class of Citizens
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 7 documents the massing complaints of black Minnesotans against the discrimination they continued to encounters and a resolve to organize to confront it, associating for a time with militant ... More
The Sons of Freedom
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 4 looks at the attempt of black leaders to create an organization to aid blacks in acquiring farms, apprenticeships, and quality education.
Maurice Jernigan Takes a Stand
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 2 focuses on the role that barbers played to advance black equality.
The Renaissance of the Cakewalk
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 9 examines how Minnesota’s black political and business elite, in recognizing Washington’s power, embraces Washington’s agenda for Southern black advancement through accommodation while ... More
Wheaton and McGhee: A Tale of Two Leaders
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 10 focuses on the rise of two black leaders in Minnesota who form a rivalry—Republican Frank Wheaton and Democrat Fredrick McGhee. Both men were Bookerites.
A Call to Action
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 12 recounts how St. Paul was not immune to mob violence against black men; yet black leaders protested white-on-black attacks in the South, saying nothing about two near lynchings that had ... More
When America Came to St. Paul
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 1 shows the fall and rise of racial equality in Minnesota, using as an illustration the life of Jim Thompson.
On Becoming a Good Republican
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 3 looks at the celebration of black suffrage rights and the challenge of white patrons to blacks to work hard to be farmers and skilled laborers as a means of becoming bona fide Republicans, ... More
Mr. Douglass and the Civilizable Characteristics of the Colored Race
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 5 looks at persistence of discrimination in public accommodations and the reluctance of patrons to end discriminatory practices.
Senate Bill no. 181
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 6 examines the national effort to end discrimination as reflected in Congress with enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, the lack of impact that it had to secure rights to public ... More
Professor Washington, Leader of the Race
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 8 looks at the rise of Booker T. Washington as the new leader for the black race, anointed by the national white business elite.
The Election of J. Frank Wheaton
William D. Green
in Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693467
- eISBN:
- 9781452950594
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693467.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 11 examines the campaign that led to Wheaton’s election as the first black legislator in Minnesota history.
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