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The Curious Incident of the Guns in the Night Time

Iain Mclean and Tom Lubbock

in What's Wrong with the British Constitution?

The Government of Ireland Bill and the Ulster Protestant revolt 1912–14. Bonar Law, Dicey, the Unionist Party, and illegal activity. Curragh ‘mutiny’ 1914. Larne gunrunning 1914.

Before the Home Rule Crisis: 1910–1913

MICHAEL WHEATLEY

in Nationalism and the Irish Party: Provincial Ireland 1910-1916

A study of the local press, both nationalist and unionist, indicates that there was no ‘Ulster crisis’ in the five counties studied from the 1910 elections up to the autumn of 1913. Only the outbreak ... More

A study of the local press, both nationalist and unionist, indicates that there was no ‘Ulster crisis’ in the five counties studied from the 1910 elections up to the autumn of 1913. Only the outbreak of mob violence — in Belfast in the summer of 1912 and to a lesser extent Londonderry in August 1913 — generated real nationalist unease. For the rest of the time, the publication and passage of the Home Rule Bill generated a considerable volume of press coverage but few great passions either for or against. ‘Ulster's’ campaign against the bill, and the newly-formed Ulster Volunteer Force, were seen not as a looming and ever-growing physical threat, but as a political and propaganda ‘bluff’ to undermine British support for the bill before it could pass. Confidence, complacency, quietude, and even apathy were more typical characteristics of local debate than wild enthusiasm, chagrin, disappointment, or alarm.Less

Civil War

Paul Robinson

in The White Russian Army in Exile 1920-1941

This chapter provides a brief summary of the main events of the Russian Civil War leading up to the evacuation of the Crimea in November 1920. It explains the origins of the White movement, ... More

This chapter provides a brief summary of the main events of the Russian Civil War leading up to the evacuation of the Crimea in November 1920. It explains the origins of the White movement, especially of the units which constituted Wrangel’s Russian Army, namely the units of the Volunteer Army and of the various Cossack hosts. The chapter also examines the modes of thought of the Russian officer corps and explains that in rising up against the Bolsheviks, the White officers were seeking both revenge and the restoration of their own and Russia’s honour. These motivations provided them with unifying notions that held them together regardless of their political opinions and personal origins.Less

Discrimination and Control in Ireland

Jacob N. Shapiro

in The Terrorist's Dilemma: Managing Violent Covert Organizations

This chapter studies the three most prominent terrorist groups operating in Northern Ireland from the 1960s through 2003: the Provisional IRA, the Ulster Defense Association (UDA), and the Ulster ... More

This chapter studies the three most prominent terrorist groups operating in Northern Ireland from the 1960s through 2003: the Provisional IRA, the Ulster Defense Association (UDA), and the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). Because the history of terrorism in Northern Ireland is so well known, the case provides an excellent venue for testing hypotheses about the relationship between discrimination and control. The history of the groups fighting in Northern Ireland also provides a critical illustration of the policy importance of this kind of organizational analysis. From 1987 on, leaders on both sides of the Northern Ireland conflict understood the broad contours of a negotiated settlement, but it took them many years to work the internal politics of their organizations to the point at which ceasefire orders were obeyed.Less

Ireland in 1914

L. P. CURTIS, JR

in A New History of Ireland, Volume VI: Ireland Under the Union, II: 1870-1921

This chapter describes the political condition of Ireland in 1914. It explains that during this year, Ireland was a country still seeking a national identity, while deeply divided by issues inherited ... More

This chapter describes the political condition of Ireland in 1914. It explains that during this year, Ireland was a country still seeking a national identity, while deeply divided by issues inherited from a past which always seemed to impinge on the present. During this period, Ireland also hovered on the brink of new departures, whose destinations were obscured by the clouds of war on the continent, the role rhetoric of home rule, and the dust of Ulster Volunteer activities.Less

The Colonel

Joel Williamson

in William Faulkner and Southern History

Before the Civil War, William C. Falkner was one the young men vying for leadership in the town of Ripley and the surrounding countryside. It was flawlessly symbolic of his rise in the social ... More

Before the Civil War, William C. Falkner was one the young men vying for leadership in the town of Ripley and the surrounding countryside. It was flawlessly symbolic of his rise in the social hierarchy that he began the war as a captain, ended it as a colonel, and aspired to be a general. During the Civil War, William C. Falkner helped organize the Magnolia Rifles, which joined the other Mississippi companies to form the Second Mississippi Volunteer Regiment. Falkner subsequently won election as its colonel. Falkner continued his operations until the fall of 1862 with steady losses and no success. In late November, the Union cavalry seized Ripley, and they almost caught the colonel of the First Mississippi Partisan Rangers. Colonel Falkner came out of the war neither conquered nor impoverished.Less

The Tribunals and the Volunteer Training Corps

James McDermott

in British Military Service Tribunals, 1916–18: A Very Much Abused Body of Men

The Volunteer Training Corps (VTC) was born to protect the homeland from a German invasion. The Central Association of Volunteer Training Corps (CAVTC) acted principally as an advisory clearing-house ... More

The Volunteer Training Corps (VTC) was born to protect the homeland from a German invasion. The Central Association of Volunteer Training Corps (CAVTC) acted principally as an advisory clearing-house for the multitude of queries and suggestions that poured in from local corps, and as a lobbying body dedicated to extracting from government a commitment to define the role of the VTC. The Tribunals were advised that they could attach a ‘requirement’ that a man being offered an exemption certificate should join the VTC, though the requirement in itself should not constitute the condition of the exemption. The Appeals Tribunal were not deeply involved in the early struggle to establish a consistent VTC policy. Tribunals in Northamptonshire who imposed the VTC requirement had overwhelmingly directed fit men into Section B. The evolution of the Royal Defence Corps from 1916 had the effect of dragging up its least respected component, the VTC.Less

The Memory of Violence: The Lattimer Massacre of 1897

Michael P. Roller

in An Archaeology of Structural Violence: Life in a Twentieth-Century Coal Town

Chapter 3 describes the historical context immediately leading up to the Lattimer Massacre, then recounting the event itself and the trial that followed as recorded in textual sources. This history ... More

Chapter 3 describes the historical context immediately leading up to the Lattimer Massacre, then recounting the event itself and the trial that followed as recorded in textual sources. This history is followed by an account of the archaeological survey conducted in the autumn of 2011 with the members of BRAVO (Battlefield Research and Volunteer Organization) of Monmouth, New Jersey. A theoretical context for understanding explicit moments of subjective violence without distracting from the contexts of structural or objective violence is also presented here.Less

Lady amateurs and gentleman professionals: emergency nursing in the Indian Mutiny

Sam Goodman

in Colonial Caring: A history of colonial and post-colonial nursing

The Indian Rebellion (1857) occupies a central position in the mythology of late nineteenth-century British history. The shock throughout British colonial society was expressed through a medium ... More

The Indian Rebellion (1857) occupies a central position in the mythology of late nineteenth-century British history. The shock throughout British colonial society was expressed through a medium synonymous with the British experience in India, namely diaries or journals. Differing to accounts from other conflicts of the period, the prolonged and localised nature of fighting at Lucknow and Cawnpore meant that chroniclers represented a cross-section of gender, class and professional status in colonial society, including a range of medical practitioners but also women of various social ranks who had volunteered for medical service. Drawing on printed and manuscript sources from c.1857-c.1900, this chapter argues that the Indian Mutiny diary functions as both a vital record of women’s voices in the history of British colonial experience and a unique example of a nineteenth-century practitioner narrative told from a female perspective. The chapter largely focuses on journals published by participants of the Siege of Lucknow, and will explore the way in which a range of women eyewitnesses acting as nurses were able to participate in the defence of British interests in a time of national emergency thereby contributing to the culture of imperial myth-making that surrounds the Indian RebellionLess

Introduction

Christine E. Hallett

in Nurse Writers of the Great War

First World War memoirs were a powerful and influential genre of life writings, but most were written by combatants. This book contributes to the, as yet, limited literature on the writings of ... More

First World War memoirs were a powerful and influential genre of life writings, but most were written by combatants. This book contributes to the, as yet, limited literature on the writings of nurses. This body of texts offers a unique perspective on the consequences of industrial warfare: the wounds, sickness and emotional trauma caused by the First World War. They were heavily influenced by their authors’ social and professional backgrounds. As autobiographical texts, or ‘life writings’, they provide insight into both the nature of warfare; women’s lives; and the nature of nursing in the early twentieth century.Less

Heroines in Belgium and Serbia

Christine E. Hallett

in Nurse Writers of the Great War

Some wealthy early-twentieth-century British ladies contributed to the war-effort by providing fully-funded, equipped hospital units. Although rejected by the official military medical services of ... More

Some wealthy early-twentieth-century British ladies contributed to the war-effort by providing fully-funded, equipped hospital units. Although rejected by the official military medical services of their own nation, these were accepted by nations with less well-developed medical services, notably Belgium and Serbia. Significant wealthy volunteer-nurses included Millicent, Duchess of Sutherland, Mabel St Clair Stobart and Sarah Macnaughtan.Less

The Hidden Space of Mediation: Migrant Volunteers, Immigration Lawyers, and Interpreters

Reiko Shindo

in Belonging in Translation: Solidarity and Migrant Activism in Japan

This chapter describes instances where the voice of migrant protesters is made simultaneously both audible and inaudible through people who act as their agents. In particular, it looks at three ... More

This chapter describes instances where the voice of migrant protesters is made simultaneously both audible and inaudible through people who act as their agents. In particular, it looks at three different groups who assume such roles: migrant volunteers at the China Japan Volunteer Organization (CJVO), immigration lawyers, and interpreters. With their professional expertise on legal matters, familiarity with Japanese culture and language as well as those of migrant workers, these agents play an important role in migrant activism. They facilitate negotiations between migrant workers and their employers, represent them at court, and help migrant workers to communicate with their Japanese counterparts. Crucially, they act not only as the spokespersons of migrant protesters, but also as mediators. They interfere with the interaction between migrants and their employers, quietly and sometimes without the knowledge of migrants, to achieve what they see as the best course of action for the migrant protesters. In this way, they play an indispensable role in creating the ‘voice’ of migrants. While migrant protesters become visible and audible thanks to those who assume the role of their spokespersons, they do so, however, at the cost of losing control of their own voices.Less

Sibling Rivalries

John G. Turner

in Bill Bright & Campus Crusade for Christ: The Renewal of Evangelicalism in Postwar America

This chapter describes Campus Crusade's early years as successful enough that other university ministries—most notably Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship (IVCF)—observed Crusade's rapid growth with ... More

This chapter describes Campus Crusade's early years as successful enough that other university ministries—most notably Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship (IVCF)—observed Crusade's rapid growth with great interest. IVCF had expanded from its roots in Great Britain to Canada and the United States in the late 1920s and 1930s, as the precipitous decline of both the YMCA and the Student Volunteer Movement created an opening for a new evangelical campus ministry. It reasserted evangelical verities, including the inspiration of Scripture, the deity of Christ, and his vicarious sacrifice. Given the movement's British background, however, IVCF was further removed than Crusade from the subculture of American fundamentalism, and more interested in helping students approach Christianity from intellectual and academic perspectives.Less

The Mighty Elkhorn: Our Home Creek

Zina Merkin

in Water in Kentucky: Natural History, Communities, and Conservation

This chapter highlights aspects of water’s call to the human spirit from a personal perspective. It raises questions about values, priorities, and policies as communities look to the future of water ... More

This chapter highlights aspects of water’s call to the human spirit from a personal perspective. It raises questions about values, priorities, and policies as communities look to the future of water scarcity. In addition to playing a fundamental role in daily life, water is also important psychologically and culturally. How can communities preserve water for animal habitats, scenic beauty, and recreation as well as drinking water and irrigation? The history of Elkhorn Creek in Franklin County illuminates the efforts of people joining forces to preserve access to this valuable creek and illustrations the love of water developed through recreational activities like whitewater paddlesports that drives communities to protect water quality and access.Less

Citizenship, Civic Unity, and National Service

William A. Galston (ed.)

in Uniting America: Restoring the Vital Center to American Democracy

“Civic society” encompasses voluntary associations and informal social attachments known as “civil society” as well as the official institutions and processes of political life. Formal membership in ... More

“Civic society” encompasses voluntary associations and informal social attachments known as “civil society” as well as the official institutions and processes of political life. Formal membership in a particular civic community is called citizenship, a legal status carrying with it a bundle of legal rights and duties. This chapter proposes national service as a solution to the challenge of shaping civic character and forging civic unity. It argues that the U.S. military, which is based on the All Volunteer Force that draws disproportionately from the lower economic ranks of society, reinforces polarization between lower- and higher-income groups. It suggests that national service should include young citizens regardless of economic background and recommends a variety of options to address the root causes of terrorism—including military service, service in homeland security, or service in Peace Corps-like activities.Less

Amateurs, Brass Bands and the 1859 Rifle Volunteers

Trevor Herbert and Helen Barlow

in Music & the British Military in the Long Nineteenth Century

The chapter deals with the relationship between the military and the world of amateur music in the second half of the nineteenth century. Two related topics are especially prominent: the rise of the ... More

The chapter deals with the relationship between the military and the world of amateur music in the second half of the nineteenth century. Two related topics are especially prominent: the rise of the amateur brass band movement and the formation of the Rifle Volunteer movement in 1859. A remarkable story is unveiled which shows how funding intended for the defence of the country was actually subverted to support amateur bands.Less