José L. Arco-Tirado, Francisco D. Fernández-Martín, and Radha Jagannathan
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781529200102
- eISBN:
- 9781529200140
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529200102.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
The chapter authors Jose Luis Arco-Tirado, Francisco D. Fernández-Martín, and Radha Jagannathan take an empirical perspective to the chronically high youth unemployment in Spain and provide details ...
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The chapter authors Jose Luis Arco-Tirado, Francisco D. Fernández-Martín, and Radha Jagannathan take an empirical perspective to the chronically high youth unemployment in Spain and provide details on its correlates. After a review of comparative unemployment statistics for youth in Spain and in the EU, the chapter presents a historical record of the reforms Spain implemented in its education and vocational systems and whether these reforms have been effective. It then undertakes a review of the active labor market policies aimed at skills activation and skills matching that Spain implemented immediately following the great recession under the Youth Guarantee program, and provides a discussion on whether these efforts have been productive. The chapter concludes with (a) a comparison of the existing VET system with the German apprenticeship model and the barriers that need to be overcome before the latter can fully be transplanted in Spain, and (b) some final thoughts on the paradoxical nature of the data on entrepreneurship gleaned from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM).Less
The chapter authors Jose Luis Arco-Tirado, Francisco D. Fernández-Martín, and Radha Jagannathan take an empirical perspective to the chronically high youth unemployment in Spain and provide details on its correlates. After a review of comparative unemployment statistics for youth in Spain and in the EU, the chapter presents a historical record of the reforms Spain implemented in its education and vocational systems and whether these reforms have been effective. It then undertakes a review of the active labor market policies aimed at skills activation and skills matching that Spain implemented immediately following the great recession under the Youth Guarantee program, and provides a discussion on whether these efforts have been productive. The chapter concludes with (a) a comparison of the existing VET system with the German apprenticeship model and the barriers that need to be overcome before the latter can fully be transplanted in Spain, and (b) some final thoughts on the paradoxical nature of the data on entrepreneurship gleaned from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM).
Radha Jagannathan
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781529200102
- eISBN:
- 9781529200140
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529200102.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
This book examines whether or not the youth employment strategies practiced in the high efficiency and expanding economies of the United States and Germany can be adopted successfully in the ...
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This book examines whether or not the youth employment strategies practiced in the high efficiency and expanding economies of the United States and Germany can be adopted successfully in the Mediterranean countries of Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece and (southern) France, countries where youth face significant obstacles to employment. A distinguishing feature in the approach taken here is the importance placed on national culture, i.e., shared values and preferences with intergenerational sustainability that can have economic consequences. Like many other books on this subject the importance of the institutions and policies that underpin “free market capitalism” are discussed but an effort has been made to place these institutions and policies within a broader cultural and historical context. In the spirit of the pioneering work of Max Weber and the more recent contributions in the rapidly expanding sub-field of cultural economics, this book attempts to identify the elements of national value orientation that can facilitate or impede the adoption of new technologies, policies or institutional forms. It is the book’s contention, its overall thesis if you will, that a failure to correctly identify these value orientations will likely result in incomplete adoption and low levels of diffusion.Less
This book examines whether or not the youth employment strategies practiced in the high efficiency and expanding economies of the United States and Germany can be adopted successfully in the Mediterranean countries of Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece and (southern) France, countries where youth face significant obstacles to employment. A distinguishing feature in the approach taken here is the importance placed on national culture, i.e., shared values and preferences with intergenerational sustainability that can have economic consequences. Like many other books on this subject the importance of the institutions and policies that underpin “free market capitalism” are discussed but an effort has been made to place these institutions and policies within a broader cultural and historical context. In the spirit of the pioneering work of Max Weber and the more recent contributions in the rapidly expanding sub-field of cultural economics, this book attempts to identify the elements of national value orientation that can facilitate or impede the adoption of new technologies, policies or institutional forms. It is the book’s contention, its overall thesis if you will, that a failure to correctly identify these value orientations will likely result in incomplete adoption and low levels of diffusion.
Maurizio Caserta, Livio Ferrante, Radha Jagannathan, and Simona Monteleone
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781529200102
- eISBN:
- 9781529200140
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529200102.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
This chapter, written by Maurizio Caserta, Livio Ferrante, Radha Jagannathan and Simona Monteleone, takes a labor economics perspective to paint a portrait of Italian youth, especially in the ...
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This chapter, written by Maurizio Caserta, Livio Ferrante, Radha Jagannathan and Simona Monteleone, takes a labor economics perspective to paint a portrait of Italian youth, especially in the Mezzogiorno, detailing their labor market preparation, prospects, and outcomes. After providing an in-depth look at the nature and magnitude of youth unemployment in the southern region of Italy in comparison to the rest of the country and the continent, it explores the contributions of the great recession, human capital development, and labor market coordination with the educational sector and resultant skills (mis)match, to existing high levels of youth disengagement. It is argued here that while the free-market principle uses the price mechanism to bring labor supply and demand to equilibrium levels, the segmentation of the Italian labor market, segregated along skill lines and by region, works against the efficiency of price-driven principles. After presenting some empirical evidence about prevailing values on work among youth, the chapter concludes with a discussion of the potential success of adopting an American or a German approach to youth employment initiatives in light of Italy’s historical and cultural legacies.Less
This chapter, written by Maurizio Caserta, Livio Ferrante, Radha Jagannathan and Simona Monteleone, takes a labor economics perspective to paint a portrait of Italian youth, especially in the Mezzogiorno, detailing their labor market preparation, prospects, and outcomes. After providing an in-depth look at the nature and magnitude of youth unemployment in the southern region of Italy in comparison to the rest of the country and the continent, it explores the contributions of the great recession, human capital development, and labor market coordination with the educational sector and resultant skills (mis)match, to existing high levels of youth disengagement. It is argued here that while the free-market principle uses the price mechanism to bring labor supply and demand to equilibrium levels, the segmentation of the Italian labor market, segregated along skill lines and by region, works against the efficiency of price-driven principles. After presenting some empirical evidence about prevailing values on work among youth, the chapter concludes with a discussion of the potential success of adopting an American or a German approach to youth employment initiatives in light of Italy’s historical and cultural legacies.
Joe William Trotter
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780813179919
- eISBN:
- 9780813179926
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813179919.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
During the Great Migration, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, became a mecca for African Americans seeking better job opportunities, wages, and living conditions. The city's thriving economy and vibrant ...
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During the Great Migration, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, became a mecca for African Americans seeking better job opportunities, wages, and living conditions. The city's thriving economy and vibrant social and cultural scenes inspired dreams of prosperity and a new start, but this urban haven was not free of discrimination and despair. In the face of injustice, activists formed the Urban League of Pittsburgh (ULP) in 1918 to combat prejudice and support the city's growing African American population. In this broad-ranging history, Joe William Trotter Jr. uses this noteworthy branch of the National Urban League to provide new insights into an organization that has often faced criticism for its social programs' deep class and gender limitations. Surveying issues including housing, healthcare, and occupational mobility, Trotter underscores how the ULP -- often in concert with the Urban League's national headquarters -- bridged social divisions to improve the lives of black citizens of every class. He also sheds new light on the branch's nonviolent direct-action campaigns and places these powerful grassroots operations within the context of the modern Black Freedom Movement. The impact of the National Urban League is a hotly debated topic in African American social and political history. Trotter's study provides valuable new insights that demonstrate how the organization has relieved massive suffering and racial inequality in US cities for more than a century.Less
During the Great Migration, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, became a mecca for African Americans seeking better job opportunities, wages, and living conditions. The city's thriving economy and vibrant social and cultural scenes inspired dreams of prosperity and a new start, but this urban haven was not free of discrimination and despair. In the face of injustice, activists formed the Urban League of Pittsburgh (ULP) in 1918 to combat prejudice and support the city's growing African American population. In this broad-ranging history, Joe William Trotter Jr. uses this noteworthy branch of the National Urban League to provide new insights into an organization that has often faced criticism for its social programs' deep class and gender limitations. Surveying issues including housing, healthcare, and occupational mobility, Trotter underscores how the ULP -- often in concert with the Urban League's national headquarters -- bridged social divisions to improve the lives of black citizens of every class. He also sheds new light on the branch's nonviolent direct-action campaigns and places these powerful grassroots operations within the context of the modern Black Freedom Movement. The impact of the National Urban League is a hotly debated topic in African American social and political history. Trotter's study provides valuable new insights that demonstrate how the organization has relieved massive suffering and racial inequality in US cities for more than a century.
Joe William Trotter
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780813179919
- eISBN:
- 9780813179926
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813179919.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
The Urban League of Pittsburgh not only exposed inequality in the labor and housing markets and worked to strengthen the economic foundation of the black community. It also revealed the depths of ...
More
The Urban League of Pittsburgh not only exposed inequality in the labor and housing markets and worked to strengthen the economic foundation of the black community. It also revealed the depths of racial disparities across virtually every aspect of the city's institutional life and vigorously pushed to improve African American access to all categories of human and civic resources and social services. Accordingly, even as it struggled with its own internal class and gender biases and conflicts, the Pittsburgh branch increasingly merged its civil, human rights, and social service agenda to address such inequities.Less
The Urban League of Pittsburgh not only exposed inequality in the labor and housing markets and worked to strengthen the economic foundation of the black community. It also revealed the depths of racial disparities across virtually every aspect of the city's institutional life and vigorously pushed to improve African American access to all categories of human and civic resources and social services. Accordingly, even as it struggled with its own internal class and gender biases and conflicts, the Pittsburgh branch increasingly merged its civil, human rights, and social service agenda to address such inequities.
