Isabel Moreira
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199736041
- eISBN:
- 9780199894628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736041.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter challenges a school of thought that proposes that purgatory emerged in the seventh century as a result of the contact of Mediterranean Christianity with Irish religious culture. It gives ...
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This chapter challenges a school of thought that proposes that purgatory emerged in the seventh century as a result of the contact of Mediterranean Christianity with Irish religious culture. It gives special attention to the Vision of Fursey as evidence for postmortem purgation and questions the argument that penitential tariffing had a direct influence on evolving conceptions of purgatory. The chapter also examines Bede’s epitome of the Vision of Fursey, the Fragmentary Vision of 757, Vision of Paul, Redaction 6, and the Bigotian Penitential.Less
This chapter challenges a school of thought that proposes that purgatory emerged in the seventh century as a result of the contact of Mediterranean Christianity with Irish religious culture. It gives special attention to the Vision of Fursey as evidence for postmortem purgation and questions the argument that penitential tariffing had a direct influence on evolving conceptions of purgatory. The chapter also examines Bede’s epitome of the Vision of Fursey, the Fragmentary Vision of 757, Vision of Paul, Redaction 6, and the Bigotian Penitential.
Isabel Moreira
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199736041
- eISBN:
- 9780199894628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736041.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter examines how purgatory was described and understood in the works of Bede and Boniface. Particular attention is given to Bede as the author of works in which purgatory was given ...
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This chapter examines how purgatory was described and understood in the works of Bede and Boniface. Particular attention is given to Bede as the author of works in which purgatory was given theological context and legitimation as orthodox belief. The chapter examines the role of friendship ties and gift-giving in Anglo-Saxon society and in the intercessory practices of Bede’s time. The chapter also considers the cultural and religious influences that informed Anglo-Saxon Christianity and explores the potential importance of Anglo-Saxon England’s close ties with eastern Christianity. Key texts discussed include Boniface’s Vision of the Monk of Wenlock and the works of Bede: the Vision of Drythelm, Homily for Advent, Commentary on Isaiah, and Commentary on Proverbs.Less
This chapter examines how purgatory was described and understood in the works of Bede and Boniface. Particular attention is given to Bede as the author of works in which purgatory was given theological context and legitimation as orthodox belief. The chapter examines the role of friendship ties and gift-giving in Anglo-Saxon society and in the intercessory practices of Bede’s time. The chapter also considers the cultural and religious influences that informed Anglo-Saxon Christianity and explores the potential importance of Anglo-Saxon England’s close ties with eastern Christianity. Key texts discussed include Boniface’s Vision of the Monk of Wenlock and the works of Bede: the Vision of Drythelm, Homily for Advent, Commentary on Isaiah, and Commentary on Proverbs.
Isabel Moreira
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199736041
- eISBN:
- 9780199894628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736041.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter examines the role of punishment in correction as discussed by early Christian authors and the Roman elite as a way of understanding how punishment became associated with both hell and ...
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This chapter examines the role of punishment in correction as discussed by early Christian authors and the Roman elite as a way of understanding how punishment became associated with both hell and purgatory. It examines metaphors of paternal power and slavery. It suggests that the idea that the elect, too, must suffer violence in the afterlife arose from discussions about original sin at a time when the Roman elite were increasingly anxious about the erosion of legal immunities that had traditionally protected them from judicial torture. It highlights the ongoing importance of the metaphor of slavery to the way corporeal punishment was described in the afterlife, particularly in the Vision of Paul, and it considers notions of retributive justice and the fear of hell.Less
This chapter examines the role of punishment in correction as discussed by early Christian authors and the Roman elite as a way of understanding how punishment became associated with both hell and purgatory. It examines metaphors of paternal power and slavery. It suggests that the idea that the elect, too, must suffer violence in the afterlife arose from discussions about original sin at a time when the Roman elite were increasingly anxious about the erosion of legal immunities that had traditionally protected them from judicial torture. It highlights the ongoing importance of the metaphor of slavery to the way corporeal punishment was described in the afterlife, particularly in the Vision of Paul, and it considers notions of retributive justice and the fear of hell.
Isabel Moreira
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199736041
- eISBN:
- 9780199894628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736041.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter asks the question: were the barbarian invasions responsible for the rise of purgatory? Examining ancient sources and modern interpretations, this chapter assesses the role of barbarian ...
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This chapter asks the question: were the barbarian invasions responsible for the rise of purgatory? Examining ancient sources and modern interpretations, this chapter assesses the role of barbarian institutions and law on descriptions of purgatory, in particular, the claims made for the influence of legal tariffs on purgatory. The chapter assesses the evidence of the Vision of Paul, Redaction 6. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the eschatological and judicial ordeal.Less
This chapter asks the question: were the barbarian invasions responsible for the rise of purgatory? Examining ancient sources and modern interpretations, this chapter assesses the role of barbarian institutions and law on descriptions of purgatory, in particular, the claims made for the influence of legal tariffs on purgatory. The chapter assesses the evidence of the Vision of Paul, Redaction 6. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the eschatological and judicial ordeal.
Patrick R. Crowley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226648293
- eISBN:
- 9780226648323
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226648323.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, History of Art: pre-history, BCE to 500CE, ancient and classical, Byzantine
How could something as insubstantial as a ghost be made visible through the material grit of stone and paint? Using the figure of the ghost, this book offers a new understanding of the status of the ...
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How could something as insubstantial as a ghost be made visible through the material grit of stone and paint? Using the figure of the ghost, this book offers a new understanding of the status of the image in Roman art and visual culture. Tracing the shifting practices and debates in antiquity about the nature of vision and representation, it shows how images of ghosts make visible structures of beholding and strategies of depiction. Yet the figure of the ghost simultaneously contributes to a broader conceptual history that accounts for how modalities of belief emerged and developed in antiquity. Neither illustrations of ancient beliefs in ghosts nor depictions of the afterlife more generally, these images ultimately show us something about the visual event of seeing itself.Less
How could something as insubstantial as a ghost be made visible through the material grit of stone and paint? Using the figure of the ghost, this book offers a new understanding of the status of the image in Roman art and visual culture. Tracing the shifting practices and debates in antiquity about the nature of vision and representation, it shows how images of ghosts make visible structures of beholding and strategies of depiction. Yet the figure of the ghost simultaneously contributes to a broader conceptual history that accounts for how modalities of belief emerged and developed in antiquity. Neither illustrations of ancient beliefs in ghosts nor depictions of the afterlife more generally, these images ultimately show us something about the visual event of seeing itself.
Brigitte Weltman-Aron
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231172561
- eISBN:
- 9780231539876
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231172561.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Cixous and Djebar respectively reflect on the motif of the veil as a spatial marker or interval between invisibility/blindness and vision. I relate their thinking of the interval to their ...
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Cixous and Djebar respectively reflect on the motif of the veil as a spatial marker or interval between invisibility/blindness and vision. I relate their thinking of the interval to their ethical/political project.Less
Cixous and Djebar respectively reflect on the motif of the veil as a spatial marker or interval between invisibility/blindness and vision. I relate their thinking of the interval to their ethical/political project.
Dennis Taylor
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198122616
- eISBN:
- 9780191671494
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198122616.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter dismisses those poems where Hardy dramatizes a language in search of its lost origins. For Hardy, origins are real but irrecoverable. The use of old words alone does not explain Hardy's ...
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This chapter dismisses those poems where Hardy dramatizes a language in search of its lost origins. For Hardy, origins are real but irrecoverable. The use of old words alone does not explain Hardy's literary language. Hardy's literary language is a deliberately heterogeneous assortment of words from many layers of historical usage, and reflects one of the most interesting comparisons of the Victorian period: that of the strata of the mind to geological strata. Hardy makes a uniquely personal use of this comparison in his poetry. His language represents a body of language in many stages of evolution and layered into many classes. Drawing on images from geology and other disciplines, Hardy portrays the body of language as a vast structure of overlapping fragments, some ancient, some recently formed, interconnected in obscure ways and rooted in an obscure past, undergoing hidden transformation and channeling consciousness.Less
This chapter dismisses those poems where Hardy dramatizes a language in search of its lost origins. For Hardy, origins are real but irrecoverable. The use of old words alone does not explain Hardy's literary language. Hardy's literary language is a deliberately heterogeneous assortment of words from many layers of historical usage, and reflects one of the most interesting comparisons of the Victorian period: that of the strata of the mind to geological strata. Hardy makes a uniquely personal use of this comparison in his poetry. His language represents a body of language in many stages of evolution and layered into many classes. Drawing on images from geology and other disciplines, Hardy portrays the body of language as a vast structure of overlapping fragments, some ancient, some recently formed, interconnected in obscure ways and rooted in an obscure past, undergoing hidden transformation and channeling consciousness.
Mark Paterson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781474405317
- eISBN:
- 9781474418614
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474405317.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
The ‘man born blind restored to light’ was one of the foundational myths of the Enlightenment, according to Foucault. With ophthalmic surgery in its infancy, the fascination by the sighted with ...
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The ‘man born blind restored to light’ was one of the foundational myths of the Enlightenment, according to Foucault. With ophthalmic surgery in its infancy, the fascination by the sighted with blindness and what the blind might ‘see’ after sight restoration remained largely speculative. Was being blind, as Descartes once remarked, like ‘seeing with the hands’? Did evidence from early cataract operations begin to resolve epistemological debates about the relationship between vision and touch in the newly sighted, such as the famous ‘Molyneux Question’ posed by William Molyneux to John Locke? More recently, how have autobiographical accounts of blind and vision impaired writers and poets advanced the sighted public’s understanding of blind subjectivity?
Through an unfolding historical, philosophical and literary narrative that includes Locke, Molyneux and Berkeley in Britain, and Diderot, Voltaire and Buffon in France, this book explores how the Molyneux Question and its aftermath has influenced attitudes towards blindness by the sighted, and sensory substitution technologies for the blind and vision impaired, to this day.Less
The ‘man born blind restored to light’ was one of the foundational myths of the Enlightenment, according to Foucault. With ophthalmic surgery in its infancy, the fascination by the sighted with blindness and what the blind might ‘see’ after sight restoration remained largely speculative. Was being blind, as Descartes once remarked, like ‘seeing with the hands’? Did evidence from early cataract operations begin to resolve epistemological debates about the relationship between vision and touch in the newly sighted, such as the famous ‘Molyneux Question’ posed by William Molyneux to John Locke? More recently, how have autobiographical accounts of blind and vision impaired writers and poets advanced the sighted public’s understanding of blind subjectivity?
Through an unfolding historical, philosophical and literary narrative that includes Locke, Molyneux and Berkeley in Britain, and Diderot, Voltaire and Buffon in France, this book explores how the Molyneux Question and its aftermath has influenced attitudes towards blindness by the sighted, and sensory substitution technologies for the blind and vision impaired, to this day.
Eric Langley
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541232
- eISBN:
- 9780191716072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541232.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature, Shakespeare Studies
This chapter considers Shakespeare's representation of Roman suicide, considering self-slaughter as a form of self-assertion. The conflict of Christian and Classical becomes apparent in the ...
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This chapter considers Shakespeare's representation of Roman suicide, considering self-slaughter as a form of self-assertion. The conflict of Christian and Classical becomes apparent in the Renaissance appropriation of Seneca's Stoic rhetoric. Analysis of Julius Caesar explores how a Shakespearean sense of individuality relies on the response of a friend or the introspection of self-reflection, and Brutus' suicide is read in relation to Classical depictions and philosophical justifications of suicide.Less
This chapter considers Shakespeare's representation of Roman suicide, considering self-slaughter as a form of self-assertion. The conflict of Christian and Classical becomes apparent in the Renaissance appropriation of Seneca's Stoic rhetoric. Analysis of Julius Caesar explores how a Shakespearean sense of individuality relies on the response of a friend or the introspection of self-reflection, and Brutus' suicide is read in relation to Classical depictions and philosophical justifications of suicide.
Eric Langley
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541232
- eISBN:
- 9780191716072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541232.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature, Shakespeare Studies
This chapter examines Renaissance theories of vision, exploring the impact of scientific and anatomical discoveries on poetic tropes of eyebeam emission and visual reciprocation. Poems from the ...
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This chapter examines Renaissance theories of vision, exploring the impact of scientific and anatomical discoveries on poetic tropes of eyebeam emission and visual reciprocation. Poems from the Renaissance epyllion tradition, including Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis as well as erotic narratives by Marlowe, Chapman, and Lodge, are read in the context of an increasing emphasis upon potentially narcissistic introspection and intromission. The responsivity of an echoing pastoral landscape (dependent upon a conception of natural sympathy repudiated by Lucretius) is seen to be potentially undermined by the preposterous self‐absorption and self‐sufficiency of the early modern visual subject.Less
This chapter examines Renaissance theories of vision, exploring the impact of scientific and anatomical discoveries on poetic tropes of eyebeam emission and visual reciprocation. Poems from the Renaissance epyllion tradition, including Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis as well as erotic narratives by Marlowe, Chapman, and Lodge, are read in the context of an increasing emphasis upon potentially narcissistic introspection and intromission. The responsivity of an echoing pastoral landscape (dependent upon a conception of natural sympathy repudiated by Lucretius) is seen to be potentially undermined by the preposterous self‐absorption and self‐sufficiency of the early modern visual subject.
Kim Hammond, George Revill, and Joe Smith
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447341895
- eISBN:
- 9781447341970
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447341895.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
This chapter explores the potential and significance of digital broadcast archives (DBAs) and associated tools for supporting civic engagement with complex topics. It draws on a three-year Arts and ...
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This chapter explores the potential and significance of digital broadcast archives (DBAs) and associated tools for supporting civic engagement with complex topics. It draws on a three-year Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded project, Earth in Vision, which worked with a sample of 50 hours of environment-themed broadcasts drawn from over five decades of BBC television and radio archives. The project critically examines the potential of such broadcast archive content as a resource for the making and debating of environmental histories in the context of imagining and planning for environmental futures. It builds on the principles of co-production and social learning and aims to support more plural and dynamic accounts of environmental change. The overarching question the project addresses is how digital broadcast archives can inform environmental history and support public understanding of, and learning about, environmental change issues.Less
This chapter explores the potential and significance of digital broadcast archives (DBAs) and associated tools for supporting civic engagement with complex topics. It draws on a three-year Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded project, Earth in Vision, which worked with a sample of 50 hours of environment-themed broadcasts drawn from over five decades of BBC television and radio archives. The project critically examines the potential of such broadcast archive content as a resource for the making and debating of environmental histories in the context of imagining and planning for environmental futures. It builds on the principles of co-production and social learning and aims to support more plural and dynamic accounts of environmental change. The overarching question the project addresses is how digital broadcast archives can inform environmental history and support public understanding of, and learning about, environmental change issues.
Stephen Hopgood and Leslie Vinjamuri
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199916023
- eISBN:
- 9780199950447
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199916023.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter provides a glimpse of the strategies and decisions made within the humanitarian marketplace. It introduces World Vision International, which is one of the dominant organizations ...
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This chapter provides a glimpse of the strategies and decisions made within the humanitarian marketplace. It introduces World Vision International, which is one of the dominant organizations providing secular relief around the world. It then studies the behavior of international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) and faith-based organizations (FBOs) in the humanitarian world, and explains the practices and strategies of humanitarians. The next section discusses the globalization and marketing of humanitarianism and the increased salience of faith. It also looks at the extent of control public donors have over humanitarian resources and the market for private donors, which is the largest source of revenue for most FBOs and INGOs.Less
This chapter provides a glimpse of the strategies and decisions made within the humanitarian marketplace. It introduces World Vision International, which is one of the dominant organizations providing secular relief around the world. It then studies the behavior of international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) and faith-based organizations (FBOs) in the humanitarian world, and explains the practices and strategies of humanitarians. The next section discusses the globalization and marketing of humanitarianism and the increased salience of faith. It also looks at the extent of control public donors have over humanitarian resources and the market for private donors, which is the largest source of revenue for most FBOs and INGOs.
Richard Swinburne
- Published in print:
- 1989
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198248491
- eISBN:
- 9780191598555
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198248490.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter is concerned with the fates in the afterlife (traditionally called Heaven, Hell, Purgatory, and Limbo) that a good God would allocate to different humans. The totally corrupt have freely ...
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This chapter is concerned with the fates in the afterlife (traditionally called Heaven, Hell, Purgatory, and Limbo) that a good God would allocate to different humans. The totally corrupt have freely chosen to become so, and it would be an unwarranted imposition for God to give them any other character; hence, if God keeps them alive, their happiness can consist only in low‐level enjoyment. God will give to the sanctified (in company with each other) the (un‐merited) Beatific Vision of himself; and good pagans are to be included in this group. God may award (temporarily or permanently) intermediate fates to those with characters not fully formed.Less
This chapter is concerned with the fates in the afterlife (traditionally called Heaven, Hell, Purgatory, and Limbo) that a good God would allocate to different humans. The totally corrupt have freely chosen to become so, and it would be an unwarranted imposition for God to give them any other character; hence, if God keeps them alive, their happiness can consist only in low‐level enjoyment. God will give to the sanctified (in company with each other) the (un‐merited) Beatific Vision of himself; and good pagans are to be included in this group. God may award (temporarily or permanently) intermediate fates to those with characters not fully formed.
Patrick R. Crowley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226648293
- eISBN:
- 9780226648323
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226648323.003.0006
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, History of Art: pre-history, BCE to 500CE, ancient and classical, Byzantine
Taking up the comparative case of modern phantasmagoria, this epilogue resituates the book as offering a hitherto neglected, but important, prehistory to the Christianizing belief in ghosts in late ...
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Taking up the comparative case of modern phantasmagoria, this epilogue resituates the book as offering a hitherto neglected, but important, prehistory to the Christianizing belief in ghosts in late antiquity and the Middle Ages on the one hand, and on the other the rationalizing attempts in modernity to dispel or eradicate such a belief—if only to displace it elsewhere (e.g., the enchantments of technology, psychoanalysis, physiological theories of hallucination, etc.).Less
Taking up the comparative case of modern phantasmagoria, this epilogue resituates the book as offering a hitherto neglected, but important, prehistory to the Christianizing belief in ghosts in late antiquity and the Middle Ages on the one hand, and on the other the rationalizing attempts in modernity to dispel or eradicate such a belief—if only to displace it elsewhere (e.g., the enchantments of technology, psychoanalysis, physiological theories of hallucination, etc.).
Richard Swinburne
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198237983
- eISBN:
- 9780191598548
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198237987.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
A final goal that a good God would have in creating would be to create creatures who could know, interact with, and worship their holy creator. He will thus sometimes answer their petitionary ...
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A final goal that a good God would have in creating would be to create creatures who could know, interact with, and worship their holy creator. He will thus sometimes answer their petitionary prayers, and give them the opportunity to discover and love him or to fail to do so, before giving to those who take that opportunity to enjoy the Beatific Vision of himself in life after death.Less
A final goal that a good God would have in creating would be to create creatures who could know, interact with, and worship their holy creator. He will thus sometimes answer their petitionary prayers, and give them the opportunity to discover and love him or to fail to do so, before giving to those who take that opportunity to enjoy the Beatific Vision of himself in life after death.
Richard Swinburne
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198237983
- eISBN:
- 9780191598548
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198237987.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
When we appreciate the great value of life itself, of having opportunities to make significant choices, and of being of use (a value stressed in the New Testament), we can see that for God to allow ...
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When we appreciate the great value of life itself, of having opportunities to make significant choices, and of being of use (a value stressed in the New Testament), we can see that for God to allow evils of the limited kind that occur on earth is compatible with God's perfect goodness. On a Christian view, the point of this life is to form ourselves so as to be capable of enjoying the Beatific Vision of God in a life after death.Less
When we appreciate the great value of life itself, of having opportunities to make significant choices, and of being of use (a value stressed in the New Testament), we can see that for God to allow evils of the limited kind that occur on earth is compatible with God's perfect goodness. On a Christian view, the point of this life is to form ourselves so as to be capable of enjoying the Beatific Vision of God in a life after death.
Stephen J. Dain
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198525301
- eISBN:
- 9780191584947
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525301.003.0035
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
The ‘Colour Vision Testing Made Easy’ (CVTME) is a colour vision test specifically designed for children and based on the pseudo-isochromatic (PIC) principle. This chapter shows that the colorimetric ...
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The ‘Colour Vision Testing Made Easy’ (CVTME) is a colour vision test specifically designed for children and based on the pseudo-isochromatic (PIC) principle. This chapter shows that the colorimetric design of the CVTME is reasonable and colour vision deficient adults are identified. Colorimetrically, the task is less demanding than Ishihara's and this is consistent with the previously identified propensity to pass very mild deuteroanomals.Less
The ‘Colour Vision Testing Made Easy’ (CVTME) is a colour vision test specifically designed for children and based on the pseudo-isochromatic (PIC) principle. This chapter shows that the colorimetric design of the CVTME is reasonable and colour vision deficient adults are identified. Colorimetrically, the task is less demanding than Ishihara's and this is consistent with the previously identified propensity to pass very mild deuteroanomals.
John Whitelegg
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447345152
- eISBN:
- 9781447345640
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447345152.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter reviews survey data on perceptions of road traffic danger and how this compares with standard statistical sources on death and injury amongst cyclists. Objective reality is, however, not ...
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This chapter reviews survey data on perceptions of road traffic danger and how this compares with standard statistical sources on death and injury amongst cyclists. Objective reality is, however, not enough to convert potential cyclists into actual cyclists. Perception is the reality and if potential cyclists are frightened we must take clear, practical, effective steps to reduce road traffic danger. The chapter reviews the role of the Swedish Vision Zero road safety policy in dealing with fear and road traffic danger reduction. Such a policy has the potential to change mindsets and create a positive environment for the kind of behavioural change that will increase cycling rates. It is argued that there cannot be increases in cycling until we have eliminated the dominance of the car and the truck. This will require a major transformational change in the way that politicians, urban designers, planners, etc. think about the world they are shaping. The chapter concludes by summarising the debate about transformational approaches to sustainability and changing mindsets.Less
This chapter reviews survey data on perceptions of road traffic danger and how this compares with standard statistical sources on death and injury amongst cyclists. Objective reality is, however, not enough to convert potential cyclists into actual cyclists. Perception is the reality and if potential cyclists are frightened we must take clear, practical, effective steps to reduce road traffic danger. The chapter reviews the role of the Swedish Vision Zero road safety policy in dealing with fear and road traffic danger reduction. Such a policy has the potential to change mindsets and create a positive environment for the kind of behavioural change that will increase cycling rates. It is argued that there cannot be increases in cycling until we have eliminated the dominance of the car and the truck. This will require a major transformational change in the way that politicians, urban designers, planners, etc. think about the world they are shaping. The chapter concludes by summarising the debate about transformational approaches to sustainability and changing mindsets.
Graham R. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199694532
- eISBN:
- 9780191839979
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199694532.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology, Animal Biology
The natural world contains a huge amount of constantly changing information. Limitations on, and specializations within, sensory systems mean that each species receives only a small part of that ...
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The natural world contains a huge amount of constantly changing information. Limitations on, and specializations within, sensory systems mean that each species receives only a small part of that information. In essence, information is filtered by sensory systems. Sensory ecology aims to understand the nature and functions of those filters for each species and sensory system. Fluxes of information, and the perceptual challenges posed by different natural environments, are so large that sensory and behavioural specializations have been inevitable. There have been many trade-offs in the evolution of sensory capacities, and trade-offs and complementarity between different sensory capacities within species. Many behavioural tasks may have influenced the evolution of sensory capacities in birds, but the principal drivers have been associated with just two tasksforaging and predator detection. The key task is the control of the position and timing of the approach of the bill towards a target. Other tasks, such as locomotion and reproduction, are achieved within the requirements of foraging and predator detection. Information thatguides behaviours may often be sparse and partial and key behaviours may only be possible because of cognitive abilities which allow adequate interpretation of partial information. Human modifications of natural environments present perceptual challenges that cannot always be met by the information available to particular birds. Mitigations of the negative effects of human intrusions into natural environments must take account of the sensory ecology of the affected species. Effects of environmental changes cannot be understood sufficiently by viewing them through the filters of human sensory systems.Less
The natural world contains a huge amount of constantly changing information. Limitations on, and specializations within, sensory systems mean that each species receives only a small part of that information. In essence, information is filtered by sensory systems. Sensory ecology aims to understand the nature and functions of those filters for each species and sensory system. Fluxes of information, and the perceptual challenges posed by different natural environments, are so large that sensory and behavioural specializations have been inevitable. There have been many trade-offs in the evolution of sensory capacities, and trade-offs and complementarity between different sensory capacities within species. Many behavioural tasks may have influenced the evolution of sensory capacities in birds, but the principal drivers have been associated with just two tasksforaging and predator detection. The key task is the control of the position and timing of the approach of the bill towards a target. Other tasks, such as locomotion and reproduction, are achieved within the requirements of foraging and predator detection. Information thatguides behaviours may often be sparse and partial and key behaviours may only be possible because of cognitive abilities which allow adequate interpretation of partial information. Human modifications of natural environments present perceptual challenges that cannot always be met by the information available to particular birds. Mitigations of the negative effects of human intrusions into natural environments must take account of the sensory ecology of the affected species. Effects of environmental changes cannot be understood sufficiently by viewing them through the filters of human sensory systems.
Emily E. Stelzer
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781942954811
- eISBN:
- 9781789623178
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781942954811.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
Examines the euphrasy and rue which Michael applies to Adam’s eyes in book 11 of Paradise Lost, which have been variously glossed by editors of the poem. In medieval and early modern herbals euphrasy ...
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Examines the euphrasy and rue which Michael applies to Adam’s eyes in book 11 of Paradise Lost, which have been variously glossed by editors of the poem. In medieval and early modern herbals euphrasy was associated with joy or cheerfulness in contrast to rue’s association with sorrow, reinforcing the poem’s “ethical message of tempering joy with sorrow,” which “accords with other exhortations toward moderation” in Paradise Lost. Euphrasy was also, thanks to false etymology, associated with pleasing eloquence and poetry, allowing Milton an occasion for wordplay. Noting that Adam “does not always judge or interpret the visions [shown to him in books 11 and 12] correctly,” Stelzer suggests that “the remedy Michael administers in book 11 is temporary and imperfect, albeit extraordinary.”Less
Examines the euphrasy and rue which Michael applies to Adam’s eyes in book 11 of Paradise Lost, which have been variously glossed by editors of the poem. In medieval and early modern herbals euphrasy was associated with joy or cheerfulness in contrast to rue’s association with sorrow, reinforcing the poem’s “ethical message of tempering joy with sorrow,” which “accords with other exhortations toward moderation” in Paradise Lost. Euphrasy was also, thanks to false etymology, associated with pleasing eloquence and poetry, allowing Milton an occasion for wordplay. Noting that Adam “does not always judge or interpret the visions [shown to him in books 11 and 12] correctly,” Stelzer suggests that “the remedy Michael administers in book 11 is temporary and imperfect, albeit extraordinary.”
