Lawrence S. Cunningham
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195178067
- eISBN:
- 9780199784905
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195178068.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter explores the Protestant reaction against the Marian tradition of Catholicism, which was addressed by the reform of the Council of Trent. Topics discussed include the Catholic Reformation ...
More
This chapter explores the Protestant reaction against the Marian tradition of Catholicism, which was addressed by the reform of the Council of Trent. Topics discussed include the Catholic Reformation and two conspicuous events which characterized the Marian character of Catholicism in the 19th century: the definition of the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854 and the rise of Marian apparitions and subsequent pilgrimage locations, most conspicuously at Lourdes in France.Less
This chapter explores the Protestant reaction against the Marian tradition of Catholicism, which was addressed by the reform of the Council of Trent. Topics discussed include the Catholic Reformation and two conspicuous events which characterized the Marian character of Catholicism in the 19th century: the definition of the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854 and the rise of Marian apparitions and subsequent pilgrimage locations, most conspicuously at Lourdes in France.
Susan C. Karant-Nunn
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195399738
- eISBN:
- 9780199777198
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195399738.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity, Religion and Society
This chapter focuses on sermons about the Virgin Mary by Catholic, Lutheran, and Calvinist preachers. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, preachers spoke to their human flocks again and ...
More
This chapter focuses on sermons about the Virgin Mary by Catholic, Lutheran, and Calvinist preachers. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, preachers spoke to their human flocks again and again about the swords through Mary's heart. Catholic homileticians virtually seamlessly attached their pulpit-rhetoric to this well-established precedent. As in their treatment of the Passion as a whole, they sought to enable their hearers so acutely to envision the painful events of the Crucifixion that they could be said to be present at it. A striking difference between Catholic and Protestant Passion homiletics is the diminution of attention in the latter toward the mother of Jesus. Luther wrote in connection with the celebration of Christ's nativity that it is certain that if there is a birth, a mother is there. But we want to give our notice to the Christ child and not to the mother. He nevertheless did deal with her in every suitable context, praising her for undergoing ritual purification even though she was not impure, or criticizing her for pressing Jesus prematurely to perform a miracle at Cana. In common with their Lutheran brethren, Zwinglian and Calvinist preachers reduce the Virgin to a peripheral figure. Indeed, she is barely a presence in their excursus on the Passion.Less
This chapter focuses on sermons about the Virgin Mary by Catholic, Lutheran, and Calvinist preachers. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, preachers spoke to their human flocks again and again about the swords through Mary's heart. Catholic homileticians virtually seamlessly attached their pulpit-rhetoric to this well-established precedent. As in their treatment of the Passion as a whole, they sought to enable their hearers so acutely to envision the painful events of the Crucifixion that they could be said to be present at it. A striking difference between Catholic and Protestant Passion homiletics is the diminution of attention in the latter toward the mother of Jesus. Luther wrote in connection with the celebration of Christ's nativity that it is certain that if there is a birth, a mother is there. But we want to give our notice to the Christ child and not to the mother. He nevertheless did deal with her in every suitable context, praising her for undergoing ritual purification even though she was not impure, or criticizing her for pressing Jesus prematurely to perform a miracle at Cana. In common with their Lutheran brethren, Zwinglian and Calvinist preachers reduce the Virgin to a peripheral figure. Indeed, she is barely a presence in their excursus on the Passion.
Karin Vélez
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691174006
- eISBN:
- 9780691184494
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691174006.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter begins by examining how two peripheral artworks of the Virgin of Loreto, the eighteenth-century wooden statue from the Moxos missions and the seventeenth-century Roman painting by ...
More
This chapter begins by examining how two peripheral artworks of the Virgin of Loreto, the eighteenth-century wooden statue from the Moxos missions and the seventeenth-century Roman painting by Caravaggio, each tapped into outside streams of Marian art. The same impetus for transformation is observed for the original icon of the Madonna of Loreto at the Italian shrine. Updates to this icon were spurred by an awareness of the world outside Loreto. The chapter concludes with a return to the frontier, to Canada, to consider some significantly named but lesser known Huron women converts who contributed to Mary's global public image. Overall, these case studies of modifications to the Virgin of Loreto reflect what mattered to people on both sides of the Atlantic about Mary at this time: she was alien, yet she was accessible; she moved, and she could also be moved.Less
This chapter begins by examining how two peripheral artworks of the Virgin of Loreto, the eighteenth-century wooden statue from the Moxos missions and the seventeenth-century Roman painting by Caravaggio, each tapped into outside streams of Marian art. The same impetus for transformation is observed for the original icon of the Madonna of Loreto at the Italian shrine. Updates to this icon were spurred by an awareness of the world outside Loreto. The chapter concludes with a return to the frontier, to Canada, to consider some significantly named but lesser known Huron women converts who contributed to Mary's global public image. Overall, these case studies of modifications to the Virgin of Loreto reflect what mattered to people on both sides of the Atlantic about Mary at this time: she was alien, yet she was accessible; she moved, and she could also be moved.
David Brown
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270188
- eISBN:
- 9780191600425
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198270186.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Two competing ways of understanding Mary's role are observed in the New Testament, one of her as a purely passive instrument of promise and the other (more hidden) as a struggling disciple. The ...
More
Two competing ways of understanding Mary's role are observed in the New Testament, one of her as a purely passive instrument of promise and the other (more hidden) as a struggling disciple. The doctrine of the immaculate conception is seen as the illegitimate culmination of the former trend and that of the assumption as an appropriate terminus of the latter. A number of secondary themes are also explored, such as the impact of inadequate christologies (both ancient and modern) and the use of virginity to effect freedom for women.Less
Two competing ways of understanding Mary's role are observed in the New Testament, one of her as a purely passive instrument of promise and the other (more hidden) as a struggling disciple. The doctrine of the immaculate conception is seen as the illegitimate culmination of the former trend and that of the assumption as an appropriate terminus of the latter. A number of secondary themes are also explored, such as the impact of inadequate christologies (both ancient and modern) and the use of virginity to effect freedom for women.
Beth Kreitzer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195166545
- eISBN:
- 9780199835188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019516654X.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This introductory chapter begins with an explanation of why sermons were selected as source material for this study. It presents evaluations of Martin Luther’s ideas and writings, and discusses the ...
More
This introductory chapter begins with an explanation of why sermons were selected as source material for this study. It presents evaluations of Martin Luther’s ideas and writings, and discusses the situation of Marian devotion and theology on the “eve” of the Reformation to develop a context for the presentation of Virgin Mary by Luther and his followers. An overview of the chapters included in the volume is then presented.Less
This introductory chapter begins with an explanation of why sermons were selected as source material for this study. It presents evaluations of Martin Luther’s ideas and writings, and discusses the situation of Marian devotion and theology on the “eve” of the Reformation to develop a context for the presentation of Virgin Mary by Luther and his followers. An overview of the chapters included in the volume is then presented.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195171303
- eISBN:
- 9780199785193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171303.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter explores the devotion to Difunta Correa, a prominent folk saint in western Argentina. It examines myth development, particularly in relation to Difunta Correa’s miraculous breast; ...
More
This chapter explores the devotion to Difunta Correa, a prominent folk saint in western Argentina. It examines myth development, particularly in relation to Difunta Correa’s miraculous breast; religious tourism; penance; relation to the Catholic Church; and contemporary devotion to Difunta Correa at her shrine complex in San Juan.Less
This chapter explores the devotion to Difunta Correa, a prominent folk saint in western Argentina. It examines myth development, particularly in relation to Difunta Correa’s miraculous breast; religious tourism; penance; relation to the Catholic Church; and contemporary devotion to Difunta Correa at her shrine complex in San Juan.
Freda Harcourt
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719077531
- eISBN:
- 9781781700709
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719077531.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter describes the contrasting portrait of the Protestant Virgin Mary as an ordinary and even erring woman whose maternal role was very limited. Catholics most often defended Marian devotion ...
More
This chapter describes the contrasting portrait of the Protestant Virgin Mary as an ordinary and even erring woman whose maternal role was very limited. Catholics most often defended Marian devotion on religious grounds. They argued that, sanctioned by Scripture and tradition, it promoted a close relationship with God. This woman, who was a more negative figure than the woman envisioned by the reformers, also emerged beginning in the 1830s, partly as a response to the Catholic Virgin Mary. This Virgin Mary was an expression of Protestants' religious beliefs, particularly the emphasis on sola Scriptura and a direct relationship between the divine and the devout, yet it also had a polemical purpose. In promoting this figure and denouncing the Catholic Virgin Mary, Protestants could argue that Catholicism was a corrupt form of Christianity and that Protestantism was the biblical religion. In addition, by describing a woman whose motherhood gave her no special prerogatives, Protestants could counteract the popular perception that women were innately maternal and that this characteristic gave them an influence over the public sphere.Less
This chapter describes the contrasting portrait of the Protestant Virgin Mary as an ordinary and even erring woman whose maternal role was very limited. Catholics most often defended Marian devotion on religious grounds. They argued that, sanctioned by Scripture and tradition, it promoted a close relationship with God. This woman, who was a more negative figure than the woman envisioned by the reformers, also emerged beginning in the 1830s, partly as a response to the Catholic Virgin Mary. This Virgin Mary was an expression of Protestants' religious beliefs, particularly the emphasis on sola Scriptura and a direct relationship between the divine and the devout, yet it also had a polemical purpose. In promoting this figure and denouncing the Catholic Virgin Mary, Protestants could argue that Catholicism was a corrupt form of Christianity and that Protestantism was the biblical religion. In addition, by describing a woman whose motherhood gave her no special prerogatives, Protestants could counteract the popular perception that women were innately maternal and that this characteristic gave them an influence over the public sphere.
Beth Kreitzer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195166545
- eISBN:
- 9780199835188
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019516654X.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This book explores how Mary is presented in the sermons of Lutheran pastors in the 16th century. It focuses on the treatment of Mary, the continuities and changes in theologies about her, and her ...
More
This book explores how Mary is presented in the sermons of Lutheran pastors in the 16th century. It focuses on the treatment of Mary, the continuities and changes in theologies about her, and her presentation beginning with Martin Luther and continuing with clergy in the Lutheran tradition. It is shown that Lutheran preachers have transformed the traditional image of Mary — she no longer serves as the powerful Queen of Heaven, but is seen as a meek, pious, chaste and obedient girl. Because of the theological changes introduced by Luther and the Lutheran clergy, Mary could no longer be portrayed as an active figure, but must serve as a passive representative of the faithful Christian.Less
This book explores how Mary is presented in the sermons of Lutheran pastors in the 16th century. It focuses on the treatment of Mary, the continuities and changes in theologies about her, and her presentation beginning with Martin Luther and continuing with clergy in the Lutheran tradition. It is shown that Lutheran preachers have transformed the traditional image of Mary — she no longer serves as the powerful Queen of Heaven, but is seen as a meek, pious, chaste and obedient girl. Because of the theological changes introduced by Luther and the Lutheran clergy, Mary could no longer be portrayed as an active figure, but must serve as a passive representative of the faithful Christian.
Michael Peppard
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300213997
- eISBN:
- 9780300216516
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300213997.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter concludes a procession around the baptistery at the southwest corner, arguing that the female figure drawing water from a well is not the Samaritan Woman, an infamously sinful convert, ...
More
This chapter concludes a procession around the baptistery at the southwest corner, arguing that the female figure drawing water from a well is not the Samaritan Woman, an infamously sinful convert, but more likely the Virgin Mary, the famously holy mother of Jesus. Through detailed analysis of textual sources and an original, extensive survey of artistic depictions of the Annunciation in late ancient and Byzantine art, this chapter proposes that the earliest depiction of Mary outside of the Roman catacombs likely resides now at the Dura-Europos Collection. Sources from Syria and its environs corroborate the ritualization of spiritual pregnancy and new birth in Christian initiation. Like Mary, these initiates have a divine encounter at a water source and receive the illumination and incarnation of the Holy Spirit. Yet just as in chapter 4, polysemic interpretations may be appropriate in the end. Ancient authors blended their analyses of various virgins, brides, and water-well seekers from biblical narratives, such that the threads of purity, marriage, birth, and death were not often easy to separate.Less
This chapter concludes a procession around the baptistery at the southwest corner, arguing that the female figure drawing water from a well is not the Samaritan Woman, an infamously sinful convert, but more likely the Virgin Mary, the famously holy mother of Jesus. Through detailed analysis of textual sources and an original, extensive survey of artistic depictions of the Annunciation in late ancient and Byzantine art, this chapter proposes that the earliest depiction of Mary outside of the Roman catacombs likely resides now at the Dura-Europos Collection. Sources from Syria and its environs corroborate the ritualization of spiritual pregnancy and new birth in Christian initiation. Like Mary, these initiates have a divine encounter at a water source and receive the illumination and incarnation of the Holy Spirit. Yet just as in chapter 4, polysemic interpretations may be appropriate in the end. Ancient authors blended their analyses of various virgins, brides, and water-well seekers from biblical narratives, such that the threads of purity, marriage, birth, and death were not often easy to separate.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195136401
- eISBN:
- 9780199835164
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195136403.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Rose and flower tropes are pursued into “deflowering,” paradise-garden and edenic imagery, the odor of sanctity, and the miracle after which St. Rose of Lima’s name was changed. The discussion ...
More
Rose and flower tropes are pursued into “deflowering,” paradise-garden and edenic imagery, the odor of sanctity, and the miracle after which St. Rose of Lima’s name was changed. The discussion references Venus, the Virgin Mary as the “Rose without Thorns,” the Romance of the Rose, and Christ as the New Adam, among other topics.Less
Rose and flower tropes are pursued into “deflowering,” paradise-garden and edenic imagery, the odor of sanctity, and the miracle after which St. Rose of Lima’s name was changed. The discussion references Venus, the Virgin Mary as the “Rose without Thorns,” the Romance of the Rose, and Christ as the New Adam, among other topics.
Beth Kreitzer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195166545
- eISBN:
- 9780199835188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019516654X.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter explores Lutheran sermons on texts in which Mary appears. In the Christmas story from Luke 2:1-20, Jesus as the promised messiah is the focus of sermons despite Mary’s vital role in the ...
More
This chapter explores Lutheran sermons on texts in which Mary appears. In the Christmas story from Luke 2:1-20, Jesus as the promised messiah is the focus of sermons despite Mary’s vital role in the events that took place. In the story of Jesus’ passion, the significance of Mary at the cross is minimized, and the growing devotion to Mary as coredemptrix is ignored. Sermons on the three important holidays celebrating Mary’s conception, birth, and assumption appear only in the earliest postils.Less
This chapter explores Lutheran sermons on texts in which Mary appears. In the Christmas story from Luke 2:1-20, Jesus as the promised messiah is the focus of sermons despite Mary’s vital role in the events that took place. In the story of Jesus’ passion, the significance of Mary at the cross is minimized, and the growing devotion to Mary as coredemptrix is ignored. Sermons on the three important holidays celebrating Mary’s conception, birth, and assumption appear only in the earliest postils.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226113982
- eISBN:
- 9780226113975
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226113975.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Women's Literature
The Life of the Virgin Mary, Empress of the Universe was Lucrezia Marinella's third major work, and consists of her first sacred prose narrative, or historia, and an epic poem in ottava rima on the ...
More
The Life of the Virgin Mary, Empress of the Universe was Lucrezia Marinella's third major work, and consists of her first sacred prose narrative, or historia, and an epic poem in ottava rima on the same subject, the two published under the collective title. First published in 1602, an enlarged (“molto ampliata”) and revised edition was published in 1604, and reprinted in 1610 (the text here translated), with a further edition appearing in 1617 with new material, clearly showing its popularity. The first edition has an engraved title page and illustrations, which are included in this translation. Dedicated to the Doge and Senate (“al serenissimo Prencipe et all'eccelsa Signoria”), the ruling body of patricians of Venice, Marinella signs herself their “most devoted subject and servant” (“di Vostra Serenità Divotiss. Suddita, & Serva”). With such a dedication she is celebrating the link between Venice, the city, “La Serenissima,” and the Virgin Mary, “la serenissima Imperatrice dell'Universo.” Her decision to write on the subject may have had raisons d'état as well as those of conventional piety and the upsurge in Marian devotion after the Counter-Reformation.Less
The Life of the Virgin Mary, Empress of the Universe was Lucrezia Marinella's third major work, and consists of her first sacred prose narrative, or historia, and an epic poem in ottava rima on the same subject, the two published under the collective title. First published in 1602, an enlarged (“molto ampliata”) and revised edition was published in 1604, and reprinted in 1610 (the text here translated), with a further edition appearing in 1617 with new material, clearly showing its popularity. The first edition has an engraved title page and illustrations, which are included in this translation. Dedicated to the Doge and Senate (“al serenissimo Prencipe et all'eccelsa Signoria”), the ruling body of patricians of Venice, Marinella signs herself their “most devoted subject and servant” (“di Vostra Serenità Divotiss. Suddita, & Serva”). With such a dedication she is celebrating the link between Venice, the city, “La Serenissima,” and the Virgin Mary, “la serenissima Imperatrice dell'Universo.” Her decision to write on the subject may have had raisons d'état as well as those of conventional piety and the upsurge in Marian devotion after the Counter-Reformation.
Beth Kreitzer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195166545
- eISBN:
- 9780199835188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019516654X.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter explores Lutheran sermons on the Visitation text. Mary is portrayed as the faithful believer, the inspired witness to God’s word, the humble Christian servant. Her goodness in the ...
More
This chapter explores Lutheran sermons on the Visitation text. Mary is portrayed as the faithful believer, the inspired witness to God’s word, the humble Christian servant. Her goodness in the theological virtues strengthens her role as a model of good social behavior. The complexity of her image in these sermons allows the authors to honor an ideal in Mary that is not only true to the scriptural text, but also avoids the pitfalls of her medieval portrait.Less
This chapter explores Lutheran sermons on the Visitation text. Mary is portrayed as the faithful believer, the inspired witness to God’s word, the humble Christian servant. Her goodness in the theological virtues strengthens her role as a model of good social behavior. The complexity of her image in these sermons allows the authors to honor an ideal in Mary that is not only true to the scriptural text, but also avoids the pitfalls of her medieval portrait.
Beth Kreitzer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195166545
- eISBN:
- 9780199835188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019516654X.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter explores Lutheran sermons on the text of the Annunciation. Mary is portrayed as an example of the faithful believer, representing the Lutheran virtue of Christian faith over the ...
More
This chapter explores Lutheran sermons on the text of the Annunciation. Mary is portrayed as an example of the faithful believer, representing the Lutheran virtue of Christian faith over the “worldly” virtue of human reason. She is seen not so much as the model believer, but as a fruitful model for believers, whose real importance lay in her role in bringing Christ into the world.Less
This chapter explores Lutheran sermons on the text of the Annunciation. Mary is portrayed as an example of the faithful believer, representing the Lutheran virtue of Christian faith over the “worldly” virtue of human reason. She is seen not so much as the model believer, but as a fruitful model for believers, whose real importance lay in her role in bringing Christ into the world.
Vittoria Colonna, Chiara Matraini, and Lucrezia Marinella
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226113982
- eISBN:
- 9780226113975
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226113975.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Women's Literature
For women of the Italian Renaissance, the Virgin Mary was one of the most important role models. This book presents devotional works written by three women better known for their secular writings: ...
More
For women of the Italian Renaissance, the Virgin Mary was one of the most important role models. This book presents devotional works written by three women better known for their secular writings: Vittoria Colonna, famed for her Petrarchan lyric verse; Chiara Matraini, one of the most original poets of her generation; and the wide-ranging, intellectually ambitious polemicist Lucrezia Marinella. At a time when the cult of the Virgin was undergoing a substantial process of redefinition, these texts cast fascinating light on the beliefs of Catholic women in the Renaissance, and also, in the cases of Matraini and Marinella, on contemporaneous women's social behavior, prescribed for them by male writers in books on female decorum. This book testifies to the emotional and spiritual relationships that women had with the figure of Mary, whom they were required to emulate as the epitome of femininity. Now available for the first time in English-language translation, these writings suggest new possibilities for women in both religious and civil culture and provide a window to women's spirituality, concerning the most important icon set before them, as wives, mothers, and Christians.Less
For women of the Italian Renaissance, the Virgin Mary was one of the most important role models. This book presents devotional works written by three women better known for their secular writings: Vittoria Colonna, famed for her Petrarchan lyric verse; Chiara Matraini, one of the most original poets of her generation; and the wide-ranging, intellectually ambitious polemicist Lucrezia Marinella. At a time when the cult of the Virgin was undergoing a substantial process of redefinition, these texts cast fascinating light on the beliefs of Catholic women in the Renaissance, and also, in the cases of Matraini and Marinella, on contemporaneous women's social behavior, prescribed for them by male writers in books on female decorum. This book testifies to the emotional and spiritual relationships that women had with the figure of Mary, whom they were required to emulate as the epitome of femininity. Now available for the first time in English-language translation, these writings suggest new possibilities for women in both religious and civil culture and provide a window to women's spirituality, concerning the most important icon set before them, as wives, mothers, and Christians.
Carol Engelhardt Herringer
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719077531
- eISBN:
- 9781781700709
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719077531.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This interdisciplinary study of competing representations of the Virgin Mary examines how anxieties about religious and gender identities intersected to create public controversies that, whilst ...
More
This interdisciplinary study of competing representations of the Virgin Mary examines how anxieties about religious and gender identities intersected to create public controversies that, whilst ostensibly about theology and liturgy, were also attempts to define the role and nature of women. Drawing on a variety of sources, this book seeks to revise understanding of the Victorian religious landscape, both retrieving Catholics from the cultural margins to which they are usually relegated, and calling for a reassessment of the Protestant attitude to the feminine ideal.Less
This interdisciplinary study of competing representations of the Virgin Mary examines how anxieties about religious and gender identities intersected to create public controversies that, whilst ostensibly about theology and liturgy, were also attempts to define the role and nature of women. Drawing on a variety of sources, this book seeks to revise understanding of the Victorian religious landscape, both retrieving Catholics from the cultural margins to which they are usually relegated, and calling for a reassessment of the Protestant attitude to the feminine ideal.
Philip Jenkins
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195146165
- eISBN:
- 9780199834341
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195146166.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter discusses the impact of demographic change (Southern population growth and Northern population decline) on the form of Christianity that is likely to be practiced in the future and ...
More
This chapter discusses the impact of demographic change (Southern population growth and Northern population decline) on the form of Christianity that is likely to be practiced in the future and points out that claims that the Southern churches have strayed from older definitions of Christianity are greatly exaggerated. However much Southern Christian types have diverged from older Christian orthodoxies, they have in almost all cases remained within recognizable Christian traditions. The first part of the chapter looks at various aspects of inculturation (interpreting the Christian proclamation in a form appropriate for particular cultures) in relation to determining what are the core beliefs and what are the cultural accidents of Christianity; these aspects include architecture, liturgy and religious language, changes in patterns of worship and their underlying beliefs, and the implications of the emphasis on popular belief and tradition for the veneration of the Virgin Mary in Southern Catholic communities. The second part of the chapter discusses patterns in the emerging Southern churches that go beyond familiar Christian traditions, even as far as a thinly disguised paganism, which is manifested in belief in spirits and spiritual powers (which have their strongest impact on terms of healing and miracles and exorcism) and the concept of spiritual welfare (confronting and defeating demonic forces). The third part of the chapter discusses the cultural conflict over literal interpretations of exorcism and spiritual healing in the Bible, the acceptance by the Southern churches of the Old and New Testaments as documents of immediate relevance, their emphasis on aspects of Christianity that have become unfamiliar, and their revival of ancient customs. Last, the Southern churches – the ‘new’ Christianity – are discussed in terms of their sectarian character, and how this is likely to change in the future as they grow and mature, and become more like the major churches.Less
This chapter discusses the impact of demographic change (Southern population growth and Northern population decline) on the form of Christianity that is likely to be practiced in the future and points out that claims that the Southern churches have strayed from older definitions of Christianity are greatly exaggerated. However much Southern Christian types have diverged from older Christian orthodoxies, they have in almost all cases remained within recognizable Christian traditions. The first part of the chapter looks at various aspects of inculturation (interpreting the Christian proclamation in a form appropriate for particular cultures) in relation to determining what are the core beliefs and what are the cultural accidents of Christianity; these aspects include architecture, liturgy and religious language, changes in patterns of worship and their underlying beliefs, and the implications of the emphasis on popular belief and tradition for the veneration of the Virgin Mary in Southern Catholic communities. The second part of the chapter discusses patterns in the emerging Southern churches that go beyond familiar Christian traditions, even as far as a thinly disguised paganism, which is manifested in belief in spirits and spiritual powers (which have their strongest impact on terms of healing and miracles and exorcism) and the concept of spiritual welfare (confronting and defeating demonic forces). The third part of the chapter discusses the cultural conflict over literal interpretations of exorcism and spiritual healing in the Bible, the acceptance by the Southern churches of the Old and New Testaments as documents of immediate relevance, their emphasis on aspects of Christianity that have become unfamiliar, and their revival of ancient customs. Last, the Southern churches – the ‘new’ Christianity – are discussed in terms of their sectarian character, and how this is likely to change in the future as they grow and mature, and become more like the major churches.
Alcuin Blamires
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198186304
- eISBN:
- 9780191674501
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198186304.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
On the basis of a selective reading of the Book of Genesis, patriarchy in the medieval West constructed woman to be secondary in creation, and primary in guilt. Nevertheless, this construction was ...
More
On the basis of a selective reading of the Book of Genesis, patriarchy in the medieval West constructed woman to be secondary in creation, and primary in guilt. Nevertheless, this construction was neither universal nor inevitable. As early commentators already saw, woman's role in foundational myth emerged more positively if alternative emphases were selected. During the Middle Ages there grew up an argument that woman actually occupied a privileged position in creation, and this was consolidated by identifying complementary privileges in post-creation history. This chapter shows that the distribution of guilt for the Fall was kept open for revaluation, and that defenders of women always sought to close down the propaganda against Eve by appealing to her transcendent and necessary heir, the Virgin Mary.Less
On the basis of a selective reading of the Book of Genesis, patriarchy in the medieval West constructed woman to be secondary in creation, and primary in guilt. Nevertheless, this construction was neither universal nor inevitable. As early commentators already saw, woman's role in foundational myth emerged more positively if alternative emphases were selected. During the Middle Ages there grew up an argument that woman actually occupied a privileged position in creation, and this was consolidated by identifying complementary privileges in post-creation history. This chapter shows that the distribution of guilt for the Fall was kept open for revaluation, and that defenders of women always sought to close down the propaganda against Eve by appealing to her transcendent and necessary heir, the Virgin Mary.
Stephen Haliczer
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195148633
- eISBN:
- 9780199869923
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195148630.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
In rejecting the Protestant doctrine of justification by grace alone, the Counter‐Reformation reinforced the necessity of good works as the means toward salvation. This led women mystics to develop ...
More
In rejecting the Protestant doctrine of justification by grace alone, the Counter‐Reformation reinforced the necessity of good works as the means toward salvation. This led women mystics to develop elaborate expressions of devotion to the Eucharist and Christ's Passion and even to miraculously receive the stigmata. Further, as belief in purgatory grew, the mystics assumed responsibility for interceding for the tormented souls, and they looked to the Virgin Mary as their own protector and mother. Visions abounded that may have been caused by dissociative disorder developed in childhood, physical and mental illness, and sleep deprivation.Less
In rejecting the Protestant doctrine of justification by grace alone, the Counter‐Reformation reinforced the necessity of good works as the means toward salvation. This led women mystics to develop elaborate expressions of devotion to the Eucharist and Christ's Passion and even to miraculously receive the stigmata. Further, as belief in purgatory grew, the mystics assumed responsibility for interceding for the tormented souls, and they looked to the Virgin Mary as their own protector and mother. Visions abounded that may have been caused by dissociative disorder developed in childhood, physical and mental illness, and sleep deprivation.
Catherine Playoust and Ellen Bradshaw Aitken
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195380040
- eISBN:
- 9780199869077
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380040.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society, World Religions
Christian literature of the first and second centuries CE contains few references to unborn children; where they are found, however, the unborn become an important rhetorical site for constructing ...
More
Christian literature of the first and second centuries CE contains few references to unborn children; where they are found, however, the unborn become an important rhetorical site for constructing relationships between competing religious groups. The Gospel of Matthew’s genealogy for the unborn Jesus provides him with a rich and contended heritage that displays his destiny as well as his origin. In the Gospel of Luke, the narrative of the joyful recognition of the unborn Jesus in Mary’s womb by the unborn John the Baptist establishes not only the relationship between Jesus and John as adults but also the place of John’s disciples within the Christian movement. The second-century Protevangelium of James tells of Mary’s perception of “two peoples” in her womb, one lamenting and the other rejoicing; these “peoples” signify divergent social and religious responses to Jesus. The practices of joy and lamentation as projected onto the unborn provide a means for negotiating religious differences and shaping a genealogy of religious origins.Less
Christian literature of the first and second centuries CE contains few references to unborn children; where they are found, however, the unborn become an important rhetorical site for constructing relationships between competing religious groups. The Gospel of Matthew’s genealogy for the unborn Jesus provides him with a rich and contended heritage that displays his destiny as well as his origin. In the Gospel of Luke, the narrative of the joyful recognition of the unborn Jesus in Mary’s womb by the unborn John the Baptist establishes not only the relationship between Jesus and John as adults but also the place of John’s disciples within the Christian movement. The second-century Protevangelium of James tells of Mary’s perception of “two peoples” in her womb, one lamenting and the other rejoicing; these “peoples” signify divergent social and religious responses to Jesus. The practices of joy and lamentation as projected onto the unborn provide a means for negotiating religious differences and shaping a genealogy of religious origins.
