Kevin McDonough and Walter Feinberg (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199253661
- eISBN:
- 9780191601972
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199253668.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The essays in the volume address educational issues that arise when national, sub-national, and supra-national identities compete. These include: how to determine the limits to parental educational ...
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The essays in the volume address educational issues that arise when national, sub-national, and supra-national identities compete. These include: how to determine the limits to parental educational rights when liberalism’s concern to protect and promote children’s autonomy conflicts with the desire to maintain communal integrity; whether, given the advances made by the forces of globalization, the liberal–democratic state can morally justify its traditional purpose of forging a cohesive national identity or whether increasing globalization has rendered this educational aim obsolete and morally corrupt; and whether liberal education should instead seek to foster a sense of global citizenship, even if doing so would suppress patriotic identification. In addressing these and many other questions, the volume examines the theoretical and practical issues at stake between nationalists, multiculturalists, and cosmopolitans in the field of education. The 15 essays included (which were originally presented at a symposium on ‘Collective Identities and Cosmopolitan Values: Group Rights and Public Education in Liberal–Democratic Societies’, held in Montreal from June 22 to 25, 2000), and an introductory essay by the editors, provide a genuine, productive dialogue between political and legal philosophers and educational theorists. The essays are arranged in three parts: I: Cosmopolitanism, Liberalism and Common Education (six chapters); II: Liberalism and Traditionalist Education (four chapters); and III: Liberal Constraints on Traditionalist Education (five chapters).Less
The essays in the volume address educational issues that arise when national, sub-national, and supra-national identities compete. These include: how to determine the limits to parental educational rights when liberalism’s concern to protect and promote children’s autonomy conflicts with the desire to maintain communal integrity; whether, given the advances made by the forces of globalization, the liberal–democratic state can morally justify its traditional purpose of forging a cohesive national identity or whether increasing globalization has rendered this educational aim obsolete and morally corrupt; and whether liberal education should instead seek to foster a sense of global citizenship, even if doing so would suppress patriotic identification. In addressing these and many other questions, the volume examines the theoretical and practical issues at stake between nationalists, multiculturalists, and cosmopolitans in the field of education. The 15 essays included (which were originally presented at a symposium on ‘Collective Identities and Cosmopolitan Values: Group Rights and Public Education in Liberal–Democratic Societies’, held in Montreal from June 22 to 25, 2000), and an introductory essay by the editors, provide a genuine, productive dialogue between political and legal philosophers and educational theorists. The essays are arranged in three parts: I: Cosmopolitanism, Liberalism and Common Education (six chapters); II: Liberalism and Traditionalist Education (four chapters); and III: Liberal Constraints on Traditionalist Education (five chapters).
Ola Listhaug and Matti Wiberg
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294733
- eISBN:
- 9780191599699
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294735.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Examines patterns in public confidence in the major institutions of Western Europe during the decade of the 1980s. It first addresses some conceptual and theoretical issues about the measurement of ...
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Examines patterns in public confidence in the major institutions of Western Europe during the decade of the 1980s. It first addresses some conceptual and theoretical issues about the measurement of confidence in institutions, and reviews the European Values Surveys used as data sources. It then presents evidence for the period 1981–90, and explores the factors that can account for the observed variations in the levels of confidence in various institutions, notably in respect of government and major companies. The finding that not all confidence levels move in tandem should direct attention to the possibility that inter‐institutional linkages might be important for determining overall confidence in the political order.Less
Examines patterns in public confidence in the major institutions of Western Europe during the decade of the 1980s. It first addresses some conceptual and theoretical issues about the measurement of confidence in institutions, and reviews the European Values Surveys used as data sources. It then presents evidence for the period 1981–90, and explores the factors that can account for the observed variations in the levels of confidence in various institutions, notably in respect of government and major companies. The finding that not all confidence levels move in tandem should direct attention to the possibility that inter‐institutional linkages might be important for determining overall confidence in the political order.
Flavio M. Menezes and Paulo K. Monteiro
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199275984
- eISBN:
- 9780191602214
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019927598X.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This chapter presents the Independent Private Values model, wherein bidders’ values for the object being auctioned off is a function of only their own types. The equilibrium bidding strategies and ...
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This chapter presents the Independent Private Values model, wherein bidders’ values for the object being auctioned off is a function of only their own types. The equilibrium bidding strategies and seller’s expected revenue in four distinct types of auctions (first- and second-price sealed-bid, English, and Dutch auctions) are computed. It is shown that bidders bid less than their valuations in the unique symmetric of a first-price auction, and bid their valuations in the unique symmetric equilibrium of the second-price auction.Less
This chapter presents the Independent Private Values model, wherein bidders’ values for the object being auctioned off is a function of only their own types. The equilibrium bidding strategies and seller’s expected revenue in four distinct types of auctions (first- and second-price sealed-bid, English, and Dutch auctions) are computed. It is shown that bidders bid less than their valuations in the unique symmetric of a first-price auction, and bid their valuations in the unique symmetric equilibrium of the second-price auction.
Steven Hitlin and Katherine W. O. Kramer
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151458
- eISBN:
- 9781400840298
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151458.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter augments the discussion of the values measures in the 2006 ANES Pilot Study in three ways. First, it compares the items drawn from the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) with the ...
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This chapter augments the discussion of the values measures in the 2006 ANES Pilot Study in three ways. First, it compares the items drawn from the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) with the options that were presented in an alternate format, coming down strongly in support of using the PVQ items. Second, this chapter analyzes the PVQ items along two factor-derived dimensions to suggest alternative uses of these measures—uses that allow comparisons of potential ANES data with other cross-national surveys like the World Values Surveys. Third, the chapter provides empirical illustrations of the utility of this approach for understanding important political phenomena, focusing on voting behavior and presidential approval.Less
This chapter augments the discussion of the values measures in the 2006 ANES Pilot Study in three ways. First, it compares the items drawn from the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) with the options that were presented in an alternate format, coming down strongly in support of using the PVQ items. Second, this chapter analyzes the PVQ items along two factor-derived dimensions to suggest alternative uses of these measures—uses that allow comparisons of potential ANES data with other cross-national surveys like the World Values Surveys. Third, the chapter provides empirical illustrations of the utility of this approach for understanding important political phenomena, focusing on voting behavior and presidential approval.
David Adger
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199577743
- eISBN:
- 9780191722844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577743.003.0008
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter gives an explicit Minimalist theory of feature structure based on the ideas that (i) Merge is the sole source of structure embedding, (ii) lexical items are composed of features. It ...
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This chapter gives an explicit Minimalist theory of feature structure based on the ideas that (i) Merge is the sole source of structure embedding, (ii) lexical items are composed of features. It follows that features cannot themselves involve structure embedding, contrary to what is assumed in HPSG, LFG, FUG. This is the No Complex Values hypothesis. I show how it restricts the range of analyses available for selectional phenomena.Less
This chapter gives an explicit Minimalist theory of feature structure based on the ideas that (i) Merge is the sole source of structure embedding, (ii) lexical items are composed of features. It follows that features cannot themselves involve structure embedding, contrary to what is assumed in HPSG, LFG, FUG. This is the No Complex Values hypothesis. I show how it restricts the range of analyses available for selectional phenomena.
Carol Vincent
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447351955
- eISBN:
- 9781447351993
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447351955.001.0001
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
What are ‘British values’? Is a shared commitment to a particular set of values possible within a diverse nation? Is such a commitment necessary? If so, what should those values be and how do we pass ...
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What are ‘British values’? Is a shared commitment to a particular set of values possible within a diverse nation? Is such a commitment necessary? If so, what should those values be and how do we pass them on to children? This book investigates the government’s recent requirement that teachers in English schools promote the ‘fundamental British values’ of democracy, rule of law, individual liberty, mutual respect and tolerance of those of different faiths and beliefs. This requirement is part of national counter-extremism policies that now encompass schools and teachers. Drawing on lesson observations and interviews with teachers and other education professionals, in a range of primary and secondary schools, the book explores the different ways in which teachers have reacted to this requirement, and the wider social and political climate in which they do so. The discussion includes themes of nationalism, cohesion, belonging, multiculturalism, and citizenship, how teachers respond to diversity and how they teach values and education for future citizenship. The book investigates the contexts in which the teachers work, their priorities and the constraints upon them, as well as the marginalisation of citizenship education in favour of individual character education. The issues the book addresses around nation, cohesion, diversity and the role of schools in educating future citizens retain a fundamental importance within the current context of global population mobilities, and the growth of populism around the world.Less
What are ‘British values’? Is a shared commitment to a particular set of values possible within a diverse nation? Is such a commitment necessary? If so, what should those values be and how do we pass them on to children? This book investigates the government’s recent requirement that teachers in English schools promote the ‘fundamental British values’ of democracy, rule of law, individual liberty, mutual respect and tolerance of those of different faiths and beliefs. This requirement is part of national counter-extremism policies that now encompass schools and teachers. Drawing on lesson observations and interviews with teachers and other education professionals, in a range of primary and secondary schools, the book explores the different ways in which teachers have reacted to this requirement, and the wider social and political climate in which they do so. The discussion includes themes of nationalism, cohesion, belonging, multiculturalism, and citizenship, how teachers respond to diversity and how they teach values and education for future citizenship. The book investigates the contexts in which the teachers work, their priorities and the constraints upon them, as well as the marginalisation of citizenship education in favour of individual character education. The issues the book addresses around nation, cohesion, diversity and the role of schools in educating future citizens retain a fundamental importance within the current context of global population mobilities, and the growth of populism around the world.
James A. Gross
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501714252
- eISBN:
- 9781501714276
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501714252.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This book makes four important contributions to our understanding of U.S. labor law and policy. First, given my previous three volume study of the work of the NLRB, this book is able to discuss the ...
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This book makes four important contributions to our understanding of U.S. labor law and policy. First, given my previous three volume study of the work of the NLRB, this book is able to discuss the Board’s path under Chairmen Gould, Truesdale, Battista and Liebman in historical context. Second, this book demonstrates the consequences of applying different and conflicting values to real world issues of labor law. Third, the book’s inward assessment of U.S. labor law and policy using international human rights principles as standards for judgment constitutes new perspectives on old issues. These new perspectives challenge the commonly held view among practitioners and academics that workers’ organizing and collective bargaining are merely tests of economic power by adversarial interest groups exercising commercial rights not human rights. Finally, rather than joining those writing obituaries for the Act and the NLRB, this book maintains, despite the unrelenting pounding of hostile forces, that the core of the Act remains a solid foundation for the realization of workers’ rights–but calls for a new more creative vision because more is needed than merely fine tuning for marginal adjustments.Less
This book makes four important contributions to our understanding of U.S. labor law and policy. First, given my previous three volume study of the work of the NLRB, this book is able to discuss the Board’s path under Chairmen Gould, Truesdale, Battista and Liebman in historical context. Second, this book demonstrates the consequences of applying different and conflicting values to real world issues of labor law. Third, the book’s inward assessment of U.S. labor law and policy using international human rights principles as standards for judgment constitutes new perspectives on old issues. These new perspectives challenge the commonly held view among practitioners and academics that workers’ organizing and collective bargaining are merely tests of economic power by adversarial interest groups exercising commercial rights not human rights. Finally, rather than joining those writing obituaries for the Act and the NLRB, this book maintains, despite the unrelenting pounding of hostile forces, that the core of the Act remains a solid foundation for the realization of workers’ rights–but calls for a new more creative vision because more is needed than merely fine tuning for marginal adjustments.
Rosemary Foot
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297765
- eISBN:
- 9780191599279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297769.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The first 18 months after the Tiananmen bloodshed marked the height of global criticism of China's human rights record, but the years 1992–1995 quickly gave some indication of the difficulties that ...
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The first 18 months after the Tiananmen bloodshed marked the height of global criticism of China's human rights record, but the years 1992–1995 quickly gave some indication of the difficulties that would be faced by those who wished to move China beyond tactical concessions towards genuine acceptance of the validity of some of the core human rights norms. Major Western states, together with Japan, continued to reduce the bilateral pressure, for economic and strategic reasons, and China's recapturing of its high economic growth rates from 1992 enhanced its ability to pose policy dilemmas for those interested in competing in the Chinese market, as well as for far weaker countries that were poised to benefit from China's economic dealings with them. The Beijing leadership, which was plainly on the defensive with respect to its international interlocutors on human rights, decided to renew its efforts to regain the initiative. China's 1991 White Paper, which signalled limited engagement in the human rights discourse, was a major first stage in that strategy, providing China with an authoritative text upon which to draw in response to international criticisms. Beijing, however, went further and tried to link up with other governments in East Asia in the exploitation of a common dislike of Western triumphalism, and a common commitment to ‘Asian values’, questioning the universal application of democracy and human rights. The Chinese leadership began to launch more extensive, direct attacks on Western countries and on the major international NGOs. Nevertheless, the relative density of the human rights regime ensured that some constraints still operated on China's international diplomacy, and as the major states’ sanctions policies weakened, governments tended to make greater use of such multilateral institutions as the UN. The different sections of the chapter are: The Uses of the 1991 White Paper; Relativism versus Universalism —in democracy and human rights; The Economic Weight of China; The Rootedness of Human Rights Policy; The UN Commission on Human Rights; China and the Thematic Mechanisms — the work of the UN Special Rapporteurs and the new 1995 Chinese White Paper; and Conclusion.Less
The first 18 months after the Tiananmen bloodshed marked the height of global criticism of China's human rights record, but the years 1992–1995 quickly gave some indication of the difficulties that would be faced by those who wished to move China beyond tactical concessions towards genuine acceptance of the validity of some of the core human rights norms. Major Western states, together with Japan, continued to reduce the bilateral pressure, for economic and strategic reasons, and China's recapturing of its high economic growth rates from 1992 enhanced its ability to pose policy dilemmas for those interested in competing in the Chinese market, as well as for far weaker countries that were poised to benefit from China's economic dealings with them. The Beijing leadership, which was plainly on the defensive with respect to its international interlocutors on human rights, decided to renew its efforts to regain the initiative. China's 1991 White Paper, which signalled limited engagement in the human rights discourse, was a major first stage in that strategy, providing China with an authoritative text upon which to draw in response to international criticisms. Beijing, however, went further and tried to link up with other governments in East Asia in the exploitation of a common dislike of Western triumphalism, and a common commitment to ‘Asian values’, questioning the universal application of democracy and human rights. The Chinese leadership began to launch more extensive, direct attacks on Western countries and on the major international NGOs. Nevertheless, the relative density of the human rights regime ensured that some constraints still operated on China's international diplomacy, and as the major states’ sanctions policies weakened, governments tended to make greater use of such multilateral institutions as the UN. The different sections of the chapter are: The Uses of the 1991 White Paper; Relativism versus Universalism —in democracy and human rights; The Economic Weight of China; The Rootedness of Human Rights Policy; The UN Commission on Human Rights; China and the Thematic Mechanisms — the work of the UN Special Rapporteurs and the new 1995 Chinese White Paper; and Conclusion.
R. David Lankes
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262529082
- eISBN:
- 9780262334600
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262529082.003.0018
- Subject:
- Information Science, Library Science
The author presents a personal reflection on the field and the need for professional engagement.
The author presents a personal reflection on the field and the need for professional engagement.
Joshua Castellino and Elvira Domínguez Redondo
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199296057
- eISBN:
- 9780191705403
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296057.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter focuses on the extent to which Asian states participate in the general UN human rights machinery. It begins by outlining the positions of Asian states with regards to human rights then ...
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This chapter focuses on the extent to which Asian states participate in the general UN human rights machinery. It begins by outlining the positions of Asian states with regards to human rights then discusses the notion of the so-called ‘Asian Values’ debate. This is followed by an examination of Asian states' participation in the human rights treaty and charter-based regime. The final section seeks to undertake a brief survey of the Asian states that have reported on minority rights issues, drawing on the state reports submitted to the UN Human Rights Committee (HRC) and Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD).Less
This chapter focuses on the extent to which Asian states participate in the general UN human rights machinery. It begins by outlining the positions of Asian states with regards to human rights then discusses the notion of the so-called ‘Asian Values’ debate. This is followed by an examination of Asian states' participation in the human rights treaty and charter-based regime. The final section seeks to undertake a brief survey of the Asian states that have reported on minority rights issues, drawing on the state reports submitted to the UN Human Rights Committee (HRC) and Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD).
Joshua Castellino and Elvira Domínguez Redondo
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199296057
- eISBN:
- 9780191705403
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296057.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
The concluding chapter reiterates some of the main arguments presented and comments on how minority rights regimes are evolving in the specific settings selected. It sets out nuances of principles ...
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The concluding chapter reiterates some of the main arguments presented and comments on how minority rights regimes are evolving in the specific settings selected. It sets out nuances of principles that have emerged and continue to emerge, and seeks to briefly comment on the conceptual and structural difficulties that affect the practice of the protection of the mostly impoverished minorities in Asia. It offers a series of concrete recommendations and suggestions with a view to enhancing international cooperation on the subject of minority protection in Asia.Less
The concluding chapter reiterates some of the main arguments presented and comments on how minority rights regimes are evolving in the specific settings selected. It sets out nuances of principles that have emerged and continue to emerge, and seeks to briefly comment on the conceptual and structural difficulties that affect the practice of the protection of the mostly impoverished minorities in Asia. It offers a series of concrete recommendations and suggestions with a view to enhancing international cooperation on the subject of minority protection in Asia.
Hans Schattle and Jeremy Nuttall (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526120304
- eISBN:
- 9781526138804
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526120304.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Amidst ‘Brexit’, a divided and out of power Labour Party, and the wider international rise of populism, contemporary British social democracy appears in a state of crisis. This book, a collection of ...
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Amidst ‘Brexit’, a divided and out of power Labour Party, and the wider international rise of populism, contemporary British social democracy appears in a state of crisis. This book, a collection of essays by some of Britain’s leading academics, public intellectuals and political practitioners, seeks to engage with the ‘big picture’ of British social democracy, both historical and contemporary, and point to grounds for greater optimism for its future prospects. It does so in honour of the renowned centre-left thinker David Marquand. Drawing on many of the themes which have preoccupied Marquand in his career and his writing, such as social democratic citizenship, values and participation, the volume offers the original perspective that social democracy is as much about cultures and mindsets as it is about economic policy or public institutions. This points to the importance of education, democratisation, and relationships as under-valued tools in social democracy, which must raise horizons as much as pay packets. It also suggests the need for social democrats to re-visit their relationship with ‘the people’, both so as to be better in tune with their aspirations, and to be able to forge a more lofty and optimistic agenda which challenges both the government and the governed to raise their sights.Less
Amidst ‘Brexit’, a divided and out of power Labour Party, and the wider international rise of populism, contemporary British social democracy appears in a state of crisis. This book, a collection of essays by some of Britain’s leading academics, public intellectuals and political practitioners, seeks to engage with the ‘big picture’ of British social democracy, both historical and contemporary, and point to grounds for greater optimism for its future prospects. It does so in honour of the renowned centre-left thinker David Marquand. Drawing on many of the themes which have preoccupied Marquand in his career and his writing, such as social democratic citizenship, values and participation, the volume offers the original perspective that social democracy is as much about cultures and mindsets as it is about economic policy or public institutions. This points to the importance of education, democratisation, and relationships as under-valued tools in social democracy, which must raise horizons as much as pay packets. It also suggests the need for social democrats to re-visit their relationship with ‘the people’, both so as to be better in tune with their aspirations, and to be able to forge a more lofty and optimistic agenda which challenges both the government and the governed to raise their sights.
Tom Shippey
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781781382615
- eISBN:
- 9781786945167
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781382615.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This book makes an argument for the intellectual ambition and intellectual achievement of science fiction, a genre consistently undervalued by professional literary critics. It is pointed out ...
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This book makes an argument for the intellectual ambition and intellectual achievement of science fiction, a genre consistently undervalued by professional literary critics. It is pointed out repeatedly how much the genre owes to developments in anthropology, history, and other “soft sciences”; how the authority of the hard sciences is both asserted and challenged; and how the authority of ancient myths and modern values are likewise interrogated, with widely variant results. Science fiction, it is argued, has been a collective “thinking machine” for authors and readers alike, often (and especially in its early years) people without academic experience or intellectual support. It has been (but increasingly less so) a genre for autodidacts. Reading and writing it is nevertheless an education in itself, as the author shows with repeated personal prefaces both to the book as a whole and to each chapter. Science fiction, finally, has its own rhetoric, seen in neologisms, paratextual devices, anachronisms, breaches of stylistic decorum, and the manipulation of degraded information, techniques little understood by and often incomprehensible to critics used only to the conventions of mainstream literature. All these features contribute to the description of science fiction as hard reading, but correspondingly rewarding reading. They have made science fiction the most characteristic literary genre of the twentieth and now the twenty-first centuries.Less
This book makes an argument for the intellectual ambition and intellectual achievement of science fiction, a genre consistently undervalued by professional literary critics. It is pointed out repeatedly how much the genre owes to developments in anthropology, history, and other “soft sciences”; how the authority of the hard sciences is both asserted and challenged; and how the authority of ancient myths and modern values are likewise interrogated, with widely variant results. Science fiction, it is argued, has been a collective “thinking machine” for authors and readers alike, often (and especially in its early years) people without academic experience or intellectual support. It has been (but increasingly less so) a genre for autodidacts. Reading and writing it is nevertheless an education in itself, as the author shows with repeated personal prefaces both to the book as a whole and to each chapter. Science fiction, finally, has its own rhetoric, seen in neologisms, paratextual devices, anachronisms, breaches of stylistic decorum, and the manipulation of degraded information, techniques little understood by and often incomprehensible to critics used only to the conventions of mainstream literature. All these features contribute to the description of science fiction as hard reading, but correspondingly rewarding reading. They have made science fiction the most characteristic literary genre of the twentieth and now the twenty-first centuries.
Christopher Sellers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195150698
- eISBN:
- 9780199865185
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195150698.003.11
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Today, environmental health professionals assess hazards in the workplace or the outside air by comparing sampled levels against official Threshold Limit Values (TLV's). But before today's reliance ...
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Today, environmental health professionals assess hazards in the workplace or the outside air by comparing sampled levels against official Threshold Limit Values (TLV's). But before today's reliance on quantitative tools for correlating atmospheric chemical levels to disease, industrial health practices were neither primitive nor unscientific. Medical and scientific researchers wrote at once for physicians or hygienists and for those without scientific training. Their knowledge itself remained closely tied to preventive interventions as well to curative ones. A quantitative chemical approach to occupational disease took shape following World War I, with the advent of a new community of experts, centered in the public health schools, in company medical clinics and in state divisions of industrial hygiene.Less
Today, environmental health professionals assess hazards in the workplace or the outside air by comparing sampled levels against official Threshold Limit Values (TLV's). But before today's reliance on quantitative tools for correlating atmospheric chemical levels to disease, industrial health practices were neither primitive nor unscientific. Medical and scientific researchers wrote at once for physicians or hygienists and for those without scientific training. Their knowledge itself remained closely tied to preventive interventions as well to curative ones. A quantitative chemical approach to occupational disease took shape following World War I, with the advent of a new community of experts, centered in the public health schools, in company medical clinics and in state divisions of industrial hygiene.
Cláudia Perrone-Moisés
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780823249602
- eISBN:
- 9780823250752
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823249602.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
As the former President of Bovespa, the Brazilian stock exchange, Raymundo Magliano Filho established model programs in corporate social responsibility that establish Brazil for how to imagine a ...
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As the former President of Bovespa, the Brazilian stock exchange, Raymundo Magliano Filho established model programs in corporate social responsibility that establish Brazil for how to imagine a capitalist economy without the excesses and crises that threaten capitalism around the world. Filho tells of the importance of Hannah Arendt in his own thinking. In his professional life, he says, he has been guided by Arendt's observation that power can never be a single individual’s property; rather, it lies at the basis of, and derives its legitimacy from, group action.Less
As the former President of Bovespa, the Brazilian stock exchange, Raymundo Magliano Filho established model programs in corporate social responsibility that establish Brazil for how to imagine a capitalist economy without the excesses and crises that threaten capitalism around the world. Filho tells of the importance of Hannah Arendt in his own thinking. In his professional life, he says, he has been guided by Arendt's observation that power can never be a single individual’s property; rather, it lies at the basis of, and derives its legitimacy from, group action.
George A. Aragon
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195305968
- eISBN:
- 9780199867844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305968.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter discusses mainstream research as it relates to positive financial ethics. The first part discusses ethical risk in the context of the functioning of capital markets. Here the focus is on ...
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This chapter discusses mainstream research as it relates to positive financial ethics. The first part discusses ethical risk in the context of the functioning of capital markets. Here the focus is on legal protections and regulatory supervision as ways of mitigating ethical risks. The studies examined focus primarily on differing legal régimes across countries, the attendant size and relative values of capital markets across countries, and cross-sectional variation in share values attributable to governance mechanisms across firms within countries. Next, the chapter discusses ethical risk pertinent to corporate finance and the financial ethical technologies employed to safeguard against them.Less
This chapter discusses mainstream research as it relates to positive financial ethics. The first part discusses ethical risk in the context of the functioning of capital markets. Here the focus is on legal protections and regulatory supervision as ways of mitigating ethical risks. The studies examined focus primarily on differing legal régimes across countries, the attendant size and relative values of capital markets across countries, and cross-sectional variation in share values attributable to governance mechanisms across firms within countries. Next, the chapter discusses ethical risk pertinent to corporate finance and the financial ethical technologies employed to safeguard against them.
Neta Oren, Daniel Bar-Tal, Tamir Magal and Eran Halperin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199862184
- eISBN:
- 9780199979950
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199862184.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
The chapter explains how the psychological legitimization of the occupation emerged by presenting the various orientations regarding the status of the occupied territories and the perceptions of the ...
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The chapter explains how the psychological legitimization of the occupation emerged by presenting the various orientations regarding the status of the occupied territories and the perceptions of the Palestinian nation that have prevailed among Israeli Jews from 1967 until the present. It focuses on their reflection in the platforms of the political parties, in the beliefs of the leaders and in public opinion. Viewing the territories as being liberated because they are part of the Jewish homeland, and as belonging exclusively to Jews, and/or that these territories are of supreme importance to secure the existence of the State of Israel, has had imprinting effects on the issue of determining borders, removal of settlements and the division of Jerusalem, as well as on the establishment of a Palestinian State. This view was marginal before the 1967 war, but with the conquest of the West Bank and Gaza Strip it has become a dominant position among the Jewish-Israeli leaders, elite and the public.Less
The chapter explains how the psychological legitimization of the occupation emerged by presenting the various orientations regarding the status of the occupied territories and the perceptions of the Palestinian nation that have prevailed among Israeli Jews from 1967 until the present. It focuses on their reflection in the platforms of the political parties, in the beliefs of the leaders and in public opinion. Viewing the territories as being liberated because they are part of the Jewish homeland, and as belonging exclusively to Jews, and/or that these territories are of supreme importance to secure the existence of the State of Israel, has had imprinting effects on the issue of determining borders, removal of settlements and the division of Jerusalem, as well as on the establishment of a Palestinian State. This view was marginal before the 1967 war, but with the conquest of the West Bank and Gaza Strip it has become a dominant position among the Jewish-Israeli leaders, elite and the public.
Graham Bullock
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262036429
- eISBN:
- 9780262340984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262036429.003.0002
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
Chapter 2 introduces and explores questions about the content of information-based strategies with a motivating example focused on food choices. What values are embedded in programs that evaluate ...
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Chapter 2 introduces and explores questions about the content of information-based strategies with a motivating example focused on food choices. What values are embedded in programs that evaluate food products and companies, such as USDA Organic, Food Alliance, and Fair Trade? Different conceptions of value and values, are used to analyze the content of these and other similar initiatives. These concepts help reveal the many factors that determine whether different audiences will respond to environmental certifications and ratings, from the nature of the information provided to the personal preferences of individuals and their exposure to different forms of marketing and education. The chapter asserts that values are essential to understanding the perceived relevance of different forms of information content, and presents a range of data and theories about the relationships between values and different product categories, geographic scales, types of goods, and parts of the value chain. It concludes with a discussion of the most promising and problematic practices for increasing the perceived relevance and importance of the content of information-based strategies.Less
Chapter 2 introduces and explores questions about the content of information-based strategies with a motivating example focused on food choices. What values are embedded in programs that evaluate food products and companies, such as USDA Organic, Food Alliance, and Fair Trade? Different conceptions of value and values, are used to analyze the content of these and other similar initiatives. These concepts help reveal the many factors that determine whether different audiences will respond to environmental certifications and ratings, from the nature of the information provided to the personal preferences of individuals and their exposure to different forms of marketing and education. The chapter asserts that values are essential to understanding the perceived relevance of different forms of information content, and presents a range of data and theories about the relationships between values and different product categories, geographic scales, types of goods, and parts of the value chain. It concludes with a discussion of the most promising and problematic practices for increasing the perceived relevance and importance of the content of information-based strategies.
Vern L. Bengtson and Merril Silverstein
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447340645
- eISBN:
- 9781447340690
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447340645.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter examines how grandparents influence (and don’t influence) the religiosity of descending generations within families in the United States. Using data from a longitudinal study of ...
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This chapter examines how grandparents influence (and don’t influence) the religiosity of descending generations within families in the United States. Using data from a longitudinal study of multigenerational families, and applying a mixed methods approach, we find that passing down religious values is a goal for which many grandparents are willing to invest considerable time and effort; however, a majority of families follow a path toward greater secularization, potentially creating opportunities for intergenerational conflict. The results of this study indicate that grandparents are diversified in their ability to transmit their religious orientations through the generations, and that family continuity in religion is often linked to grandparental intervention and the capacity of grandparents to forge strong emotional ties to their grandchildren.Less
This chapter examines how grandparents influence (and don’t influence) the religiosity of descending generations within families in the United States. Using data from a longitudinal study of multigenerational families, and applying a mixed methods approach, we find that passing down religious values is a goal for which many grandparents are willing to invest considerable time and effort; however, a majority of families follow a path toward greater secularization, potentially creating opportunities for intergenerational conflict. The results of this study indicate that grandparents are diversified in their ability to transmit their religious orientations through the generations, and that family continuity in religion is often linked to grandparental intervention and the capacity of grandparents to forge strong emotional ties to their grandchildren.
Jonatan Bäckelie and Göran Larsson
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748646944
- eISBN:
- 9780748684281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748646944.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
The chapter analyses young Swedish Muslims’ attitudes towards democratic processes in relation to Swedish political parties. Based on a survey among approximately 250 young Muslims that are ...
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The chapter analyses young Swedish Muslims’ attitudes towards democratic processes in relation to Swedish political parties. Based on a survey among approximately 250 young Muslims that are affiliated to the Swedish youth organisation SUM (Sweden’s Young Muslims), the chapter outlines how young Muslims position themselves in relation to the political left-right spectrum. The survey’s findings lead us to conclude that the political left-right spectrum is hardly relevant to this group of young Muslims. The majority of the respondents self-identify as either somewhat or clearly to the left. However, in seven out of 25 specific political proposals, the group show a clear sentiment towards what could be called conservative values (usually considered to be located to the right of the political spectrum). The chapter shows that no party seems to fully correspond to the full range of sentiments held by the majority of respondents, effectively leaving them without a fully representative political alternative. If anything is a problem for this group of respondents, it is not a lack of interest or knowledge about politics, but rather one of representation.Less
The chapter analyses young Swedish Muslims’ attitudes towards democratic processes in relation to Swedish political parties. Based on a survey among approximately 250 young Muslims that are affiliated to the Swedish youth organisation SUM (Sweden’s Young Muslims), the chapter outlines how young Muslims position themselves in relation to the political left-right spectrum. The survey’s findings lead us to conclude that the political left-right spectrum is hardly relevant to this group of young Muslims. The majority of the respondents self-identify as either somewhat or clearly to the left. However, in seven out of 25 specific political proposals, the group show a clear sentiment towards what could be called conservative values (usually considered to be located to the right of the political spectrum). The chapter shows that no party seems to fully correspond to the full range of sentiments held by the majority of respondents, effectively leaving them without a fully representative political alternative. If anything is a problem for this group of respondents, it is not a lack of interest or knowledge about politics, but rather one of representation.
