Manish Chalana (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789888208333
- eISBN:
- 9789888313471
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208333.001.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural Theory and Criticism
Seemingly messy and chaotic, the landscapes and urban life of cities in Asia possess an order and hierarchy which often challenge understanding and appreciation. With a cross-disciplinary group of ...
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Seemingly messy and chaotic, the landscapes and urban life of cities in Asia possess an order and hierarchy which often challenge understanding and appreciation. With a cross-disciplinary group of authors, Messy Urbanism: Understanding the “Other” Cities of Asia examines a range of cases in Asia to explore the social and institutional politics of urban formality and the contexts in which this “messiness” emerges or is constructed. The book brings a distinct perspective to the broader patterns of informal urban orders and processes as well as their interplay with formalized systems and mechanisms. It also raises questions about the production of cities, cityscapes, and citizenship. Messy Urbanism will appeal to professionals, students, and scholars in the fields of urban studies, architecture, landscape architecture, planning and policy, as well as Asian studies.Less
Seemingly messy and chaotic, the landscapes and urban life of cities in Asia possess an order and hierarchy which often challenge understanding and appreciation. With a cross-disciplinary group of authors, Messy Urbanism: Understanding the “Other” Cities of Asia examines a range of cases in Asia to explore the social and institutional politics of urban formality and the contexts in which this “messiness” emerges or is constructed. The book brings a distinct perspective to the broader patterns of informal urban orders and processes as well as their interplay with formalized systems and mechanisms. It also raises questions about the production of cities, cityscapes, and citizenship. Messy Urbanism will appeal to professionals, students, and scholars in the fields of urban studies, architecture, landscape architecture, planning and policy, as well as Asian studies.
Kory Olson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940964
- eISBN:
- 9781789629033
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940964.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Through official maps, this book looks at how government presentations of Paris and environs change over the course of the Third Republic (1889-1934). Governmental policies, such as the creation of a ...
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Through official maps, this book looks at how government presentations of Paris and environs change over the course of the Third Republic (1889-1934). Governmental policies, such as the creation of a mandatory national uniform educational system that will eventually include geography, combined with technological advances in the printing industry, to alter the look, exposure, reception, and distribution of government maps. The government initially seemed to privilege an exclusively positive view of the capital city and limited its presentation of it to land inside the walled fortifications. However, as the Republic progressed and Paris grew, technology altered how Parisians used and understood their urban space. Rail and automobiles made moving about the city and environs easier while increased industrialization moved factories and their workers further out into the Seine Department. During this time, maps transitioned from reflecting the past to documenting the present. With the advent of French urbanism after World War I, official mapped views of greater Paris abandoned privileging past achievements and began to mirror actual residential and industrial development as it pushed further out from the city center. Finally, the government needed to plan for the future of greater Paris and official maps begin to show how the government viewed the direction of its capital city.Less
Through official maps, this book looks at how government presentations of Paris and environs change over the course of the Third Republic (1889-1934). Governmental policies, such as the creation of a mandatory national uniform educational system that will eventually include geography, combined with technological advances in the printing industry, to alter the look, exposure, reception, and distribution of government maps. The government initially seemed to privilege an exclusively positive view of the capital city and limited its presentation of it to land inside the walled fortifications. However, as the Republic progressed and Paris grew, technology altered how Parisians used and understood their urban space. Rail and automobiles made moving about the city and environs easier while increased industrialization moved factories and their workers further out into the Seine Department. During this time, maps transitioned from reflecting the past to documenting the present. With the advent of French urbanism after World War I, official mapped views of greater Paris abandoned privileging past achievements and began to mirror actual residential and industrial development as it pushed further out from the city center. Finally, the government needed to plan for the future of greater Paris and official maps begin to show how the government viewed the direction of its capital city.
Kory Olson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940964
- eISBN:
- 9781789629033
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940964.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines Leon Jaussely’s 1919 Projet lauréat de la section générale du concours du plan d’extension de Paris (Plan d’extension) as a result of the 1919 loi Cornudet, which proposed that ...
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This chapter examines Leon Jaussely’s 1919 Projet lauréat de la section générale du concours du plan d’extension de Paris (Plan d’extension) as a result of the 1919 loi Cornudet, which proposed that any French city with a population greater than 10,000 submit a ‘projet d’aménagement, d’embellissement et d’extension.’ The legislation grew in part from the influence of the Musée social movement, which became the focal point of studies of hygiene, social reform, and ultimately urbanism. The Musée social pushed for the better regulation of growth and the incorporation of more green space into French urban agglomerations. Jaussely joined with Roger-Henri Expert and Henri Sellier to submit their Projet lauréat, which won the première prime prize, Jaussely used the map to address what he, Expert, and Sellier wished to see in a modern French metropolis. Jaussely’s sizeable hand-painted Plan d’extension marks the beginning of modern urban planning in France. Jaussely incorporates recommendations healthy living environments for residents and visitors. New parks and cités jardins in the suburbs incorporate usable green space. In addition, new ports, aérogares, and rail stations on the agglomeration’s edge ensure ease of movement over the large expanse of territory.Less
This chapter examines Leon Jaussely’s 1919 Projet lauréat de la section générale du concours du plan d’extension de Paris (Plan d’extension) as a result of the 1919 loi Cornudet, which proposed that any French city with a population greater than 10,000 submit a ‘projet d’aménagement, d’embellissement et d’extension.’ The legislation grew in part from the influence of the Musée social movement, which became the focal point of studies of hygiene, social reform, and ultimately urbanism. The Musée social pushed for the better regulation of growth and the incorporation of more green space into French urban agglomerations. Jaussely joined with Roger-Henri Expert and Henri Sellier to submit their Projet lauréat, which won the première prime prize, Jaussely used the map to address what he, Expert, and Sellier wished to see in a modern French metropolis. Jaussely’s sizeable hand-painted Plan d’extension marks the beginning of modern urban planning in France. Jaussely incorporates recommendations healthy living environments for residents and visitors. New parks and cités jardins in the suburbs incorporate usable green space. In addition, new ports, aérogares, and rail stations on the agglomeration’s edge ensure ease of movement over the large expanse of territory.
Kory Olson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940964
- eISBN:
- 9781789629033
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940964.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines the 1934 Carte générale de l’aménagement de la Région parisienne (Carte générale), a brightly-coloured, multi-page representation of Paris and its suburbs. Parliament passed ‘la ...
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This chapter examines the 1934 Carte générale de l’aménagement de la Région parisienne (Carte générale), a brightly-coloured, multi-page representation of Paris and its suburbs. Parliament passed ‘la loi du 14 mars 1932’ which officially defined ‘la région parisienne’ geographically as the area within a thirty-five-kilometre radius from the ‘parvis Notre Dame.’ A forty-member commission chose Prost’s Carte générale and named him Urbaniste en chef. Prost’s map, the last officially approved cartographic proposal for the capital under the Third Republic recognized the changing nature of early-twentieth century cities, where the automobile enhanced personal movement and overwhelmed nineteenth-century infrastructure. Reinforcing the desire to both know and control the growing region and address current transportation infrastructure inadequacies, Prost highlights new autoroutes and clearly delineates – geographically – where the region ends. Prost acknowledged the growing presence of the banlieue (suburb). He followed Jaussely’s lead and documented future development and existing green space. Prost also suggests controlling urban growth. This chapter investigates how Henri Prost’s Carte générale demonstrates the government’s desire to move beyond the ideals of urbanism in Jaussely’s 1919 Plan. Prost provides a much more realistic plan to address the region’s needs.Less
This chapter examines the 1934 Carte générale de l’aménagement de la Région parisienne (Carte générale), a brightly-coloured, multi-page representation of Paris and its suburbs. Parliament passed ‘la loi du 14 mars 1932’ which officially defined ‘la région parisienne’ geographically as the area within a thirty-five-kilometre radius from the ‘parvis Notre Dame.’ A forty-member commission chose Prost’s Carte générale and named him Urbaniste en chef. Prost’s map, the last officially approved cartographic proposal for the capital under the Third Republic recognized the changing nature of early-twentieth century cities, where the automobile enhanced personal movement and overwhelmed nineteenth-century infrastructure. Reinforcing the desire to both know and control the growing region and address current transportation infrastructure inadequacies, Prost highlights new autoroutes and clearly delineates – geographically – where the region ends. Prost acknowledged the growing presence of the banlieue (suburb). He followed Jaussely’s lead and documented future development and existing green space. Prost also suggests controlling urban growth. This chapter investigates how Henri Prost’s Carte générale demonstrates the government’s desire to move beyond the ideals of urbanism in Jaussely’s 1919 Plan. Prost provides a much more realistic plan to address the region’s needs.
Anne M. Rademacher and K. Sivaramakrishnan (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888139767
- eISBN:
- 9789888180714
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139767.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Essays follow rapidly proliferating and resource-intensive Indian urbanism in everyday environments. Case studies on nature conservation in cities, urban housing and slum development, waste ...
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Essays follow rapidly proliferating and resource-intensive Indian urbanism in everyday environments. Case studies on nature conservation in cities, urban housing and slum development, waste management, urban planning, and contestations over the quality of air, water, and sanitation in Delhi and Mumbai illuminate urban ecology per-spectives throughout the twentieth century. The collection highlights how struggles over the environment and one's quality of life in urban centers are increasingly framed in terms of their future place in a landscape of global sustainability. The text brings historical particularity and ethnographic nuance to questions of urban ecology and offers novel insight into theoretical and practical debates on urbanism and sustainability.Less
Essays follow rapidly proliferating and resource-intensive Indian urbanism in everyday environments. Case studies on nature conservation in cities, urban housing and slum development, waste management, urban planning, and contestations over the quality of air, water, and sanitation in Delhi and Mumbai illuminate urban ecology per-spectives throughout the twentieth century. The collection highlights how struggles over the environment and one's quality of life in urban centers are increasingly framed in terms of their future place in a landscape of global sustainability. The text brings historical particularity and ethnographic nuance to questions of urban ecology and offers novel insight into theoretical and practical debates on urbanism and sustainability.
Thomas A. Robinson and Lanette D. Ruff
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199790876
- eISBN:
- 9780199919192
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199790876.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
American religion was largely Protestant until the late 1800s and early 1900s, and that Protestantism was familiar with forms of religious renewal and revivalism. But that changed as a result of ...
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American religion was largely Protestant until the late 1800s and early 1900s, and that Protestantism was familiar with forms of religious renewal and revivalism. But that changed as a result of urbanism and immigration. Protestantism was confronted by the secularism of the city and the Roman Catholicism of the newer immigrants. Protestantism, itself, split between Modernist and Fundamentalist camps, and Fundamentalism seemed to have suffered loses, particularly as it became identified as the most vocal opponent of evolutionary theory. The golden age of revivalism was largely over, and criticism of revivalists came for a variety of sources. But revivalism was rejuvenated by Pentecostalism, and in particular by Aimee Semple McPherson. It was within this new Pentecostal movement and largely under the influence of McPherson, woman revivalism extraordinaire, that the girl evangelist phenomenon found fertile soil.Less
American religion was largely Protestant until the late 1800s and early 1900s, and that Protestantism was familiar with forms of religious renewal and revivalism. But that changed as a result of urbanism and immigration. Protestantism was confronted by the secularism of the city and the Roman Catholicism of the newer immigrants. Protestantism, itself, split between Modernist and Fundamentalist camps, and Fundamentalism seemed to have suffered loses, particularly as it became identified as the most vocal opponent of evolutionary theory. The golden age of revivalism was largely over, and criticism of revivalists came for a variety of sources. But revivalism was rejuvenated by Pentecostalism, and in particular by Aimee Semple McPherson. It was within this new Pentecostal movement and largely under the influence of McPherson, woman revivalism extraordinaire, that the girl evangelist phenomenon found fertile soil.
Robert W. Lewis
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526106247
- eISBN:
- 9781526120816
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526106247.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The stadium century traces the history of stadia and mass spectatorship in modern France from the vélodromes of the late nineteenth century to the construction of the Stade de France before the 1998 ...
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The stadium century traces the history of stadia and mass spectatorship in modern France from the vélodromes of the late nineteenth century to the construction of the Stade de France before the 1998 soccer World Cup, and argues that stadia played a privileged role in shaping mass society in twentieth-century France. Drawing off a wide range of archival and published sources, Robert W. Lewis links the histories of French urbanism, mass politics and sport through the history of the stadium in an innovative and original work that will appeal to historians, students of French history and the history of sport, and general readers alike.
As The stadium century demonstrates, the stadium was at the centre of long-running debates about public health, national prestige and urban development in twentieth-century France. The stadium also functioned as a key space for mobilizing and transforming the urban crowd, in the twin contexts of mass politics and mass spectator sport. In the process, the stadium became a site for confronting tensions over political allegiance, class, gender, and place-based identity, and for forging particular kinds of cultural practices related to mass consumption and leisure. As stadia and the narratives surrounding them changed dramatically in the years after 1945, the transformed French stadium not only reflected and constituted part of the process of postwar modernisation, but also was increasingly implicated in global transformations to the spaces and practices of sport that connected France even more closely to the rest of the world.Less
The stadium century traces the history of stadia and mass spectatorship in modern France from the vélodromes of the late nineteenth century to the construction of the Stade de France before the 1998 soccer World Cup, and argues that stadia played a privileged role in shaping mass society in twentieth-century France. Drawing off a wide range of archival and published sources, Robert W. Lewis links the histories of French urbanism, mass politics and sport through the history of the stadium in an innovative and original work that will appeal to historians, students of French history and the history of sport, and general readers alike.
As The stadium century demonstrates, the stadium was at the centre of long-running debates about public health, national prestige and urban development in twentieth-century France. The stadium also functioned as a key space for mobilizing and transforming the urban crowd, in the twin contexts of mass politics and mass spectator sport. In the process, the stadium became a site for confronting tensions over political allegiance, class, gender, and place-based identity, and for forging particular kinds of cultural practices related to mass consumption and leisure. As stadia and the narratives surrounding them changed dramatically in the years after 1945, the transformed French stadium not only reflected and constituted part of the process of postwar modernisation, but also was increasingly implicated in global transformations to the spaces and practices of sport that connected France even more closely to the rest of the world.
George F. Flaherty
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520291065
- eISBN:
- 9780520964938
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520291065.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
In 1968 a street and media-savvy democratization movement led by students emerged in Mexico City. The 68 Movement was targeted in a state-sponsored massacre at a massive new housing complex ten days ...
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In 1968 a street and media-savvy democratization movement led by students emerged in Mexico City. The 68 Movement was targeted in a state-sponsored massacre at a massive new housing complex ten days before the city hosted the Olympic Games. Both the complex and the mega event were symbols of the country’s rapid modernization but also decades-long political disenfranchisement and urban redevelopment that rendered citizens “guests” of the government and its allies. In spite of institutional denial, censorship and impunity, the massacre remains a touchstone in contemporary public culture thanks to the public memory work of survivors and narrators among Mexico’s intelligentsia. Hotel Mexico asks: How was urban space—material but also literary and cinematic—harnessed as a recalcitrant archive of 1968 and continues to serve as a framework for de facto modes of justice. The 68 Movement’s imaginary and tactics are interwoven and compared with other efforts, both official and countercultural, to reevaluate or renew Mexico’s post-revolutionary modernity: in architecture, urbanism, literature, visual arts, and film—among them, Mario Pani’s housing complex Nonoalco-Tlatelolco (1958–64), kinetic environments created for the 1968 Olympics, and David Alfaro Siqueiros last major mural, The March of Humanity (1964–71).Less
In 1968 a street and media-savvy democratization movement led by students emerged in Mexico City. The 68 Movement was targeted in a state-sponsored massacre at a massive new housing complex ten days before the city hosted the Olympic Games. Both the complex and the mega event were symbols of the country’s rapid modernization but also decades-long political disenfranchisement and urban redevelopment that rendered citizens “guests” of the government and its allies. In spite of institutional denial, censorship and impunity, the massacre remains a touchstone in contemporary public culture thanks to the public memory work of survivors and narrators among Mexico’s intelligentsia. Hotel Mexico asks: How was urban space—material but also literary and cinematic—harnessed as a recalcitrant archive of 1968 and continues to serve as a framework for de facto modes of justice. The 68 Movement’s imaginary and tactics are interwoven and compared with other efforts, both official and countercultural, to reevaluate or renew Mexico’s post-revolutionary modernity: in architecture, urbanism, literature, visual arts, and film—among them, Mario Pani’s housing complex Nonoalco-Tlatelolco (1958–64), kinetic environments created for the 1968 Olympics, and David Alfaro Siqueiros last major mural, The March of Humanity (1964–71).
Annabel Jane Wharton
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816693382
- eISBN:
- 9781452950853
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816693382.001.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
Buildings are not benign; rather, they commonly manipulate and abuse their human users. Architectural Agents makes the case that buildings act in the world independently of their makers, patrons, ...
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Buildings are not benign; rather, they commonly manipulate and abuse their human users. Architectural Agents makes the case that buildings act in the world independently of their makers, patrons, owners, or occupants. And often they act badly. Treating buildings as bodies, Annabel Jane Wharton writes biographies of symptomatic structures in order to diagnose their pathologies. The violence of some sites is rooted in historical trauma; the unhealthy spatial behaviors of other spaces stem from political and economic ruthlessness. The places examined range from the Cloisters Museum in New York City and the Palestine Archaeological Museum (renamed the Rockefeller Museum) in Jerusalem to the grand Hostal de los Reyes Católicos in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Las Vegas casino resorts. Recognizing that a study of pathological spaces would not be complete without an investigation of digital structures, Wharton integrates into her argument an original consideration of the powerful architectures of video games and immersive worlds. Her work mounts a persuasive critique of popular phenomenological treatments of architecture. Architectural Agents advances an alternative theorization of buildings’ agency—one rooted in buildings’ essential materiality and historical formation—as the basis for this significant intervention in current debates over the boundaries separating humans, animals, and machines.Less
Buildings are not benign; rather, they commonly manipulate and abuse their human users. Architectural Agents makes the case that buildings act in the world independently of their makers, patrons, owners, or occupants. And often they act badly. Treating buildings as bodies, Annabel Jane Wharton writes biographies of symptomatic structures in order to diagnose their pathologies. The violence of some sites is rooted in historical trauma; the unhealthy spatial behaviors of other spaces stem from political and economic ruthlessness. The places examined range from the Cloisters Museum in New York City and the Palestine Archaeological Museum (renamed the Rockefeller Museum) in Jerusalem to the grand Hostal de los Reyes Católicos in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Las Vegas casino resorts. Recognizing that a study of pathological spaces would not be complete without an investigation of digital structures, Wharton integrates into her argument an original consideration of the powerful architectures of video games and immersive worlds. Her work mounts a persuasive critique of popular phenomenological treatments of architecture. Architectural Agents advances an alternative theorization of buildings’ agency—one rooted in buildings’ essential materiality and historical formation—as the basis for this significant intervention in current debates over the boundaries separating humans, animals, and machines.
Marcus Milwright
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748623105
- eISBN:
- 9780748671298
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748623105.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Methodology and Techniques
This chapter is concerned with the organization of complex settlements in the Islamic period. These can be defined as towns, cities, and palaces although the boundaries between such categories are ...
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This chapter is concerned with the organization of complex settlements in the Islamic period. These can be defined as towns, cities, and palaces although the boundaries between such categories are not always well defined. The first section considers the nature of urban spaces in early Islam, and particularly the ways in which archaeology can refine our understanding of Arabic terms like madina and misr. This section also explores the evolution of large-scale Islamic palaces which take on some of the characteristics of cities. The second section assesses the evidence for urban material culture in different Islamic regions. The final section is devoted to the provision of water to urban areas, and explores the archaeology of aqueducts, drainage, fountains, and cisterns.Less
This chapter is concerned with the organization of complex settlements in the Islamic period. These can be defined as towns, cities, and palaces although the boundaries between such categories are not always well defined. The first section considers the nature of urban spaces in early Islam, and particularly the ways in which archaeology can refine our understanding of Arabic terms like madina and misr. This section also explores the evolution of large-scale Islamic palaces which take on some of the characteristics of cities. The second section assesses the evidence for urban material culture in different Islamic regions. The final section is devoted to the provision of water to urban areas, and explores the archaeology of aqueducts, drainage, fountains, and cisterns.
Lisa Uddin
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816679119
- eISBN:
- 9781452950587
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816679119.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Ethical Issues and Debates
Why do we feel bad at the zoo? In a fascinating counterhistory of American zoos in the 1960s and 1970s, Lisa Uddin revisits the familiar narrative of zoo reform, from naked cages to more naturalistic ...
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Why do we feel bad at the zoo? In a fascinating counterhistory of American zoos in the 1960s and 1970s, Lisa Uddin revisits the familiar narrative of zoo reform, from naked cages to more naturalistic enclosures. She argues that reform belongs to the story of cities and feelings toward many of their human inhabitants. In Zoo Renewal, Uddin demonstrates how efforts to make the zoo more natural and a haven for particular species reflected white fears about the American city—and, pointedly, how the shame many visitors felt in observing confined animals drew on broader anxieties about race and urban life. Examining the campaign against cages, renovations at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. and the San Diego Zoo, and the cases of a rare female white Bengal tiger and a collection of southern white rhinoceroses, Uddin unpacks episodes that challenge assumptions that zoos are about other worlds and other creatures and expand the history of U.S. urbanism. Uddin shows how the drive to protect endangered species and to ensure larger, safer zoos was shaped by struggles over urban decay, suburban growth, and the dilemmas of postwar American whiteness. In so doing, Zoo Renewal ultimately reveals how feeling bad, or good, at the zoo is connected to our feelings about American cities and their residents.Less
Why do we feel bad at the zoo? In a fascinating counterhistory of American zoos in the 1960s and 1970s, Lisa Uddin revisits the familiar narrative of zoo reform, from naked cages to more naturalistic enclosures. She argues that reform belongs to the story of cities and feelings toward many of their human inhabitants. In Zoo Renewal, Uddin demonstrates how efforts to make the zoo more natural and a haven for particular species reflected white fears about the American city—and, pointedly, how the shame many visitors felt in observing confined animals drew on broader anxieties about race and urban life. Examining the campaign against cages, renovations at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. and the San Diego Zoo, and the cases of a rare female white Bengal tiger and a collection of southern white rhinoceroses, Uddin unpacks episodes that challenge assumptions that zoos are about other worlds and other creatures and expand the history of U.S. urbanism. Uddin shows how the drive to protect endangered species and to ensure larger, safer zoos was shaped by struggles over urban decay, suburban growth, and the dilemmas of postwar American whiteness. In so doing, Zoo Renewal ultimately reveals how feeling bad, or good, at the zoo is connected to our feelings about American cities and their residents.
Philipp Niewohner (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190610463
- eISBN:
- 9780190610487
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190610463.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical, European History: BCE to 500CE
Anatolia was the only major part of the Roman Empire that did not fall in late antiquity, but remained continuously under Roman rule through the eleventh century. Anatolia can, therefore, show the ...
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Anatolia was the only major part of the Roman Empire that did not fall in late antiquity, but remained continuously under Roman rule through the eleventh century. Anatolia can, therefore, show the difference Roman administration continued to make, once pan-Mediterranean rule had collapsed. Urban decline did not set in before the fifth century, after Anatolia had already been thoroughly Christianized in the course of the fourth century. The urban decline, when it occurred from the fifth century onwards, was paired with rural prosperity, an increase in the number, size, and quality of rural settlements and in rural population. The ruralization was interrupted during the seventh to ninth centuries, when Anatolia was invaded first by the Persians and then by the Arabs and the population appears to have sought shelter behind new urban fortifications and in large cathedrals. Once the Arab threat was over in the ninth century, ruralization set in again and most cities seem to have been abandoned or reduced to villages during the ensuing peacetime, while the countryside experienced renewed prosperity and a resurgence of small rural church buildings. This trend was reversed once more, when the Seljuk Turks appeared on the scene in the eleventh century, devastated the countryside, and led to a revival and refortification of the former cities.Less
Anatolia was the only major part of the Roman Empire that did not fall in late antiquity, but remained continuously under Roman rule through the eleventh century. Anatolia can, therefore, show the difference Roman administration continued to make, once pan-Mediterranean rule had collapsed. Urban decline did not set in before the fifth century, after Anatolia had already been thoroughly Christianized in the course of the fourth century. The urban decline, when it occurred from the fifth century onwards, was paired with rural prosperity, an increase in the number, size, and quality of rural settlements and in rural population. The ruralization was interrupted during the seventh to ninth centuries, when Anatolia was invaded first by the Persians and then by the Arabs and the population appears to have sought shelter behind new urban fortifications and in large cathedrals. Once the Arab threat was over in the ninth century, ruralization set in again and most cities seem to have been abandoned or reduced to villages during the ensuing peacetime, while the countryside experienced renewed prosperity and a resurgence of small rural church buildings. This trend was reversed once more, when the Seljuk Turks appeared on the scene in the eleventh century, devastated the countryside, and led to a revival and refortification of the former cities.
Yelda Olcay Uçkan
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190610463
- eISBN:
- 9780190610487
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190610463.003.0026
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical, European History: BCE to 500CE
The city of Olympos, an ancient harbor city on the south coast of Lycia and a member of the Lycian League, enjoyed a period of prosperity in the fifth to sixth centuries AD. Christianity arrived ...
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The city of Olympos, an ancient harbor city on the south coast of Lycia and a member of the Lycian League, enjoyed a period of prosperity in the fifth to sixth centuries AD. Christianity arrived relatively early there, and the city was home of significant ecclesiastical figures. Practically all standing remains appear to date back from that period, although some incorporate older ancient structures. Principal structures include the so-called Harbor Basilica, Episcopal Palace, and Mosaic Building. The last datable finds are from the seventh century. After the seventh century AD the city was largely abandoned probably due to Arab raids.Less
The city of Olympos, an ancient harbor city on the south coast of Lycia and a member of the Lycian League, enjoyed a period of prosperity in the fifth to sixth centuries AD. Christianity arrived relatively early there, and the city was home of significant ecclesiastical figures. Practically all standing remains appear to date back from that period, although some incorporate older ancient structures. Principal structures include the so-called Harbor Basilica, Episcopal Palace, and Mosaic Building. The last datable finds are from the seventh century. After the seventh century AD the city was largely abandoned probably due to Arab raids.
José Edgardo A. Gomez
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789888208333
- eISBN:
- 9789888313471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208333.003.0004
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural Theory and Criticism
With a daytime population breaching the 12 million mark, Metropolitan Manila, capital region of the Philippines, presents itself as a sketch of urban anarchy to the casual observer. Despite ...
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With a daytime population breaching the 12 million mark, Metropolitan Manila, capital region of the Philippines, presents itself as a sketch of urban anarchy to the casual observer. Despite successful drives in the last decade to tidy its main streets, squalor, din, and recalcitrant slum-dwellers remain ensconced in ill-defined spaces while the rush-hour surge of commuters vies with the tempo of Jakarta and Bangkok for most-gridlocked sprawl in Southeast Asia. Borrowing the approach of forest-canopy scientists, this study initially reframes the messy urbanism as a storeyed-mosaic. It describes the metropolis spatially and experientially, starting with street-level transgressions of hawkers versus pedestrians, through the infrastructure that forms its mid-rise entanglements, and up to the billboards and skyscrapers that hustle to hoard public views, swamping the popular imagination with media icons and subtle temptation. Amid increasingly effective attempts by government to sort out this city-hodgepodge, the author concludes that the forces of order and chaos seem to fall into a deeper pattern of cultural physicality. This alternative decoding of Metro Manila’s landscape resonates with a cosmological schema endemic to Austronesian communities, which suggests an impulse towards a distinct spatial hierarchy that emplaces citizens and artifacts in both the literal and figurative senses.Less
With a daytime population breaching the 12 million mark, Metropolitan Manila, capital region of the Philippines, presents itself as a sketch of urban anarchy to the casual observer. Despite successful drives in the last decade to tidy its main streets, squalor, din, and recalcitrant slum-dwellers remain ensconced in ill-defined spaces while the rush-hour surge of commuters vies with the tempo of Jakarta and Bangkok for most-gridlocked sprawl in Southeast Asia. Borrowing the approach of forest-canopy scientists, this study initially reframes the messy urbanism as a storeyed-mosaic. It describes the metropolis spatially and experientially, starting with street-level transgressions of hawkers versus pedestrians, through the infrastructure that forms its mid-rise entanglements, and up to the billboards and skyscrapers that hustle to hoard public views, swamping the popular imagination with media icons and subtle temptation. Amid increasingly effective attempts by government to sort out this city-hodgepodge, the author concludes that the forces of order and chaos seem to fall into a deeper pattern of cultural physicality. This alternative decoding of Metro Manila’s landscape resonates with a cosmological schema endemic to Austronesian communities, which suggests an impulse towards a distinct spatial hierarchy that emplaces citizens and artifacts in both the literal and figurative senses.
Ken Tadashi Oshima
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789888208333
- eISBN:
- 9789888313471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888208333.003.0006
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural Theory and Criticism
The multifarious, multi-layered urban structure of Tokyo, building on the historical and geological underpinnings of Edo, challenges western models of orderly urban planning. Rather than following a ...
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The multifarious, multi-layered urban structure of Tokyo, building on the historical and geological underpinnings of Edo, challenges western models of orderly urban planning. Rather than following a macrocosmic unified order, the Japanese capital can be seen to be a collage of micro-urban entities. Within this context, architects have increasingly pursued "urbanistic" architectural practices, working from small to large-scale projects. Such projects work within the urban ecological underpinnings of the city to dynamically form its infrastructure. This study analyzes the nodes of Sukiyabashi and Nishi-Shinjuku, as microcosms of the larger metropolis, through their underlying structures of water (moats and water treatment), layers of transportation and circulation networks built above, and the subsequent building designs and typologies. The comparison of Sukiyabashi/Yurakucho and Nishi-Shinjuku districts illustrates the changing planning ideals through the post-war period from central Tokyo to the new center of Shinjuku. This historical analysis ultimately seeks to identify alternative strategies for sustaining the social and ecological livelihood of the city.Less
The multifarious, multi-layered urban structure of Tokyo, building on the historical and geological underpinnings of Edo, challenges western models of orderly urban planning. Rather than following a macrocosmic unified order, the Japanese capital can be seen to be a collage of micro-urban entities. Within this context, architects have increasingly pursued "urbanistic" architectural practices, working from small to large-scale projects. Such projects work within the urban ecological underpinnings of the city to dynamically form its infrastructure. This study analyzes the nodes of Sukiyabashi and Nishi-Shinjuku, as microcosms of the larger metropolis, through their underlying structures of water (moats and water treatment), layers of transportation and circulation networks built above, and the subsequent building designs and typologies. The comparison of Sukiyabashi/Yurakucho and Nishi-Shinjuku districts illustrates the changing planning ideals through the post-war period from central Tokyo to the new center of Shinjuku. This historical analysis ultimately seeks to identify alternative strategies for sustaining the social and ecological livelihood of the city.
Isabelle Anguelovski
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780262026925
- eISBN:
- 9780262322188
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262026925.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
This book is an international comparative study of three critical and emblematic minority and low-income neighborhoods whose residents have organized to holistically improve local environmental ...
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This book is an international comparative study of three critical and emblematic minority and low-income neighborhoods whose residents have organized to holistically improve local environmental quality and livability—Casc Antic (Barcelona), Dudley (Boston), CayoHueso (Havana). It examines the role played by environmental revitalization (land clean up, parks, community gardens and farms, healthy housing, community centers, improved waste management) in addressing exclusion, reconstructing community, overcoming loss, trauma, and fear of erasure, and recreating a sense of place for vulnerable residents. In those three neighborhoods, active residents, local leaders, community organizations, environmental NGOs, and other supporters have taken action in a several complementary domains that are connected to each other in order to holistically rebuild a broken community. Environmental initiatives are holistic as activists do not envision their revitalization work in compartments. The environmental work of activists also encompasses aspects of safety that go beyond individual protection against physical, social, or financial damage and harm to include soothing, nurturing, and resilience through the construction of safe havens. This research develops a new framework for understanding urban environmental justice and for planning just and resilient cities and shows that both physical and psychological dimensions of environmental health must be taken into consideration by urban decision-makers and planners to rebuild historically marginalized and degraded communities.Less
This book is an international comparative study of three critical and emblematic minority and low-income neighborhoods whose residents have organized to holistically improve local environmental quality and livability—Casc Antic (Barcelona), Dudley (Boston), CayoHueso (Havana). It examines the role played by environmental revitalization (land clean up, parks, community gardens and farms, healthy housing, community centers, improved waste management) in addressing exclusion, reconstructing community, overcoming loss, trauma, and fear of erasure, and recreating a sense of place for vulnerable residents. In those three neighborhoods, active residents, local leaders, community organizations, environmental NGOs, and other supporters have taken action in a several complementary domains that are connected to each other in order to holistically rebuild a broken community. Environmental initiatives are holistic as activists do not envision their revitalization work in compartments. The environmental work of activists also encompasses aspects of safety that go beyond individual protection against physical, social, or financial damage and harm to include soothing, nurturing, and resilience through the construction of safe havens. This research develops a new framework for understanding urban environmental justice and for planning just and resilient cities and shows that both physical and psychological dimensions of environmental health must be taken into consideration by urban decision-makers and planners to rebuild historically marginalized and degraded communities.
St John Simpson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474401012
- eISBN:
- 9781474435277
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474401012.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, World History: BCE to 500CE
The Sasanian Empire had many large, multicultural and typically heavily defended cities. Literary sources are filled with direct or indirect references to the deportation or internal transfer of ...
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The Sasanian Empire had many large, multicultural and typically heavily defended cities. Literary sources are filled with direct or indirect references to the deportation or internal transfer of populations from one region to another, and boosting the urban population was clearly an important part of imperial economic planning, but there has been relatively little study of Sasanian urbanism. This chapter provides a timely overview by re-examining the archaeological evidence for the physical appearance and distribution of some of these urban centres, discusses their forms, and uses Google imagery to locate two previously archaeologically unrecorded cities which feature in the Arab conquest and Heraclius’ campaign shortly before. It goes on to use the excavated evidence from three city sites in Iraq, Iran and Turkmenistan to illustrate the physical appearance of residential and/or commercial quarters, and concludes with some observations on the importance of the Sasanian urban economy.Less
The Sasanian Empire had many large, multicultural and typically heavily defended cities. Literary sources are filled with direct or indirect references to the deportation or internal transfer of populations from one region to another, and boosting the urban population was clearly an important part of imperial economic planning, but there has been relatively little study of Sasanian urbanism. This chapter provides a timely overview by re-examining the archaeological evidence for the physical appearance and distribution of some of these urban centres, discusses their forms, and uses Google imagery to locate two previously archaeologically unrecorded cities which feature in the Arab conquest and Heraclius’ campaign shortly before. It goes on to use the excavated evidence from three city sites in Iraq, Iran and Turkmenistan to illustrate the physical appearance of residential and/or commercial quarters, and concludes with some observations on the importance of the Sasanian urban economy.
Jon Schubert
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501713699
- eISBN:
- 9781501709692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501713699.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
Since the end of the Angolan conflict in 2002, the ruling MPLA party has been promoting a ‘master narrative’ of ‘peace and reconstruction’ through which the Angolan conflict is resignified as a ...
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Since the end of the Angolan conflict in 2002, the ruling MPLA party has been promoting a ‘master narrative’ of ‘peace and reconstruction’ through which the Angolan conflict is resignified as a merely technical issue, and the question of ‘national reconciliation’ is limited to the reconstruction of infrastructures. This chapter analyses the discursive strategies and performative acts employed in these processes, and looks at the symbolic and material effects of this ‘technical’ hegemonic discourse in the country’s capital, Luanda. As national reconciliation is limited to the reconstruction of infrastructures, the master narrative of the ‘New Angola’ is also physically imposed on the urban cityscape; similarly, any substantive political dialogue about the war is precluded as a threat to the ‘gains of peace’, which are measured again in purely material terms of the built environment. Less
Since the end of the Angolan conflict in 2002, the ruling MPLA party has been promoting a ‘master narrative’ of ‘peace and reconstruction’ through which the Angolan conflict is resignified as a merely technical issue, and the question of ‘national reconciliation’ is limited to the reconstruction of infrastructures. This chapter analyses the discursive strategies and performative acts employed in these processes, and looks at the symbolic and material effects of this ‘technical’ hegemonic discourse in the country’s capital, Luanda. As national reconciliation is limited to the reconstruction of infrastructures, the master narrative of the ‘New Angola’ is also physically imposed on the urban cityscape; similarly, any substantive political dialogue about the war is precluded as a threat to the ‘gains of peace’, which are measured again in purely material terms of the built environment.
Janaki Nair
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888139767
- eISBN:
- 9789888180714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139767.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter examines recent laws and roles pertaining to urban government in Bangalore. Through a simultaneous reading of the letter, invocation, and actual working of the law, it brings together ...
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This chapter examines recent laws and roles pertaining to urban government in Bangalore. Through a simultaneous reading of the letter, invocation, and actual working of the law, it brings together analytical elements that are usually considered separately. It demonstrates how the making, and working, of law in relation to urban planning affect access to space and resources for different groups in the city. Through the history of urbanism in Bengaluru this chapter also asks the larger questions about what might be distinctive to the urban ecological experience in India, especially through colonial encounter and the challenges of industrial development and state formation in the twentieth century.Less
This chapter examines recent laws and roles pertaining to urban government in Bangalore. Through a simultaneous reading of the letter, invocation, and actual working of the law, it brings together analytical elements that are usually considered separately. It demonstrates how the making, and working, of law in relation to urban planning affect access to space and resources for different groups in the city. Through the history of urbanism in Bengaluru this chapter also asks the larger questions about what might be distinctive to the urban ecological experience in India, especially through colonial encounter and the challenges of industrial development and state formation in the twentieth century.
Awadhendra Sharan
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888139767
- eISBN:
- 9789888180714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139767.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter explores Delhi's history as an Air Pollution Control Area, focusing on the contrast between plan and enforcement, and examining the processes and powerful actors that enforcement ...
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This chapter explores Delhi's history as an Air Pollution Control Area, focusing on the contrast between plan and enforcement, and examining the processes and powerful actors that enforcement involves. It examines the link between the aspirations expressed through an urban environmental policy and the actual practice of bringing that policy to life. The study of pollution and its management in recent times in Delhi is situated in a longer historical consideration of concerns about urban environment as the city grows from the capital city of colonial empire in 1912 to the national capital in 1947.Less
This chapter explores Delhi's history as an Air Pollution Control Area, focusing on the contrast between plan and enforcement, and examining the processes and powerful actors that enforcement involves. It examines the link between the aspirations expressed through an urban environmental policy and the actual practice of bringing that policy to life. The study of pollution and its management in recent times in Delhi is situated in a longer historical consideration of concerns about urban environment as the city grows from the capital city of colonial empire in 1912 to the national capital in 1947.
