Julie Barbour
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199544547
- eISBN:
- 9780191720260
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199544547.003.0013
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter outlines steps taken to develop vernacular literacy for the Neverver language of Malakula Island in Vanuatu. It first examines the current status of Neverver using a tool developed by ...
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This chapter outlines steps taken to develop vernacular literacy for the Neverver language of Malakula Island in Vanuatu. It first examines the current status of Neverver using a tool developed by UNESCO. It then describes several activities being undertaken to address the community's desire for vernacular literacy. These activities are seen as positive steps to maintain and potentially strengthen the Neverver language.Less
This chapter outlines steps taken to develop vernacular literacy for the Neverver language of Malakula Island in Vanuatu. It first examines the current status of Neverver using a tool developed by UNESCO. It then describes several activities being undertaken to address the community's desire for vernacular literacy. These activities are seen as positive steps to maintain and potentially strengthen the Neverver language.
Jody Heymann
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195156591
- eISBN:
- 9780199943333
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156591.003.0021
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter focuses on school-age children, the care they lack, and the caregiving gaps they are forced to fill when no one else is available. When pressed about who is caring for school-age ...
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This chapter focuses on school-age children, the care they lack, and the caregiving gaps they are forced to fill when no one else is available. When pressed about who is caring for school-age children, popular unspoken presumptions emerge: that most school-age children can fare adequately when left alone. In some ways, the disparity between the visibility of the needs of preschool children and those of school-age children in the United States is a microcosm of the world. Most employers do next to nothing to help working parents address the needs of children six and over. Federal funding amounts to less than the equivalent of two afternoons' care for school-age children. Similarly, where attention is being paid by global organizations to children in working families, such as by UNESCO and the World Bank, it is almost exclusively paid to early childhood care and education.Less
This chapter focuses on school-age children, the care they lack, and the caregiving gaps they are forced to fill when no one else is available. When pressed about who is caring for school-age children, popular unspoken presumptions emerge: that most school-age children can fare adequately when left alone. In some ways, the disparity between the visibility of the needs of preschool children and those of school-age children in the United States is a microcosm of the world. Most employers do next to nothing to help working parents address the needs of children six and over. Federal funding amounts to less than the equivalent of two afternoons' care for school-age children. Similarly, where attention is being paid by global organizations to children in working families, such as by UNESCO and the World Bank, it is almost exclusively paid to early childhood care and education.
David Mattingly
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199602353
- eISBN:
- 9780191731570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602353.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter provides some illustrations of the potential disparity between plough-zone results and those in a variety of arid-zone projects, where surface preservation of physical features allows ...
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This chapter provides some illustrations of the potential disparity between plough-zone results and those in a variety of arid-zone projects, where surface preservation of physical features allows better site identification and crucially important additional information on site typologies and functions. The author here draws on his personal involvement in the Kasserine Survey (Tunisia), the UNESCO Libyan Valleys Survey and the Fazzan Project (both in Libya), and the Wadi Faynan Landscape Survey in Jordan.Less
This chapter provides some illustrations of the potential disparity between plough-zone results and those in a variety of arid-zone projects, where surface preservation of physical features allows better site identification and crucially important additional information on site typologies and functions. The author here draws on his personal involvement in the Kasserine Survey (Tunisia), the UNESCO Libyan Valleys Survey and the Fazzan Project (both in Libya), and the Wadi Faynan Landscape Survey in Jordan.
Richard Ashcroft
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199545520
- eISBN:
- 9780191721113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199545520.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Medical Law
This chapter examines the relationship between bioethics and humans. The first part of the chapter briefly presents the debate over the value of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and ...
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This chapter examines the relationship between bioethics and humans. The first part of the chapter briefly presents the debate over the value of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. The second part proposes an account of the intellectual, sociological, and institutional differences between advocates of bioethical and human rights approaches to moral and social issues in health, medicine, and the life sciences. The third part discusses recent arguments that bioethics can be subsumed under the human rights umbrella. Finally, the chapter suggests some issues for future work on the relationship between human rights and bioethics.Less
This chapter examines the relationship between bioethics and humans. The first part of the chapter briefly presents the debate over the value of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. The second part proposes an account of the intellectual, sociological, and institutional differences between advocates of bioethical and human rights approaches to moral and social issues in health, medicine, and the life sciences. The third part discusses recent arguments that bioethics can be subsumed under the human rights umbrella. Finally, the chapter suggests some issues for future work on the relationship between human rights and bioethics.
Robin P. Harris
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041280
- eISBN:
- 9780252099885
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041280.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Significant historical, global, and political forces of the Soviet period undermined the performance practice of the Sakha olonkho epic in northeastern Siberia, impairing the potential for ...
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Significant historical, global, and political forces of the Soviet period undermined the performance practice of the Sakha olonkho epic in northeastern Siberia, impairing the potential for sustainability of this ancient song-story tradition. This book documents how the Sakha people have leveraged UNESCO’s 2005 proclamation of this genre as a “Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity” in their attempts to revitalize its performance practice. Foregrounding Sakha narratives, this case study examines the forces leading to the decline of olonkho during the Soviet era and the factors currently playing a role in the genre’s revitalization. In addition, this volume explores the appropriation of the olonkho tradition to express Sakha cultural identity in an increasingly globalized post-Soviet Russia and describes the transformations of olonkho as it adapts to change. Despite vigorous promotion of the revitalization process by the Sakha Ministry of Culture and the academic community, current levels of transmission and creative innovation do not foster adequate resilience for the survival of traditional olonkho as improvisationally performed by master olonkhosuts. In contrast, related genres such as theatrical olonkho and other multi-person olonkho performances enjoy increasing popularity and demonstrate many of the needed resilience markers for a sustainable future.Less
Significant historical, global, and political forces of the Soviet period undermined the performance practice of the Sakha olonkho epic in northeastern Siberia, impairing the potential for sustainability of this ancient song-story tradition. This book documents how the Sakha people have leveraged UNESCO’s 2005 proclamation of this genre as a “Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity” in their attempts to revitalize its performance practice. Foregrounding Sakha narratives, this case study examines the forces leading to the decline of olonkho during the Soviet era and the factors currently playing a role in the genre’s revitalization. In addition, this volume explores the appropriation of the olonkho tradition to express Sakha cultural identity in an increasingly globalized post-Soviet Russia and describes the transformations of olonkho as it adapts to change. Despite vigorous promotion of the revitalization process by the Sakha Ministry of Culture and the academic community, current levels of transmission and creative innovation do not foster adequate resilience for the survival of traditional olonkho as improvisationally performed by master olonkhosuts. In contrast, related genres such as theatrical olonkho and other multi-person olonkho performances enjoy increasing popularity and demonstrate many of the needed resilience markers for a sustainable future.
Lucas Lixinski
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199679508
- eISBN:
- 9780191758546
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199679508.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Law of Obligations
This book offers a comprehensive look at the legal safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage (ICH). It maps the legal possibilities, both within institutions and more substantive solutions, ...
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This book offers a comprehensive look at the legal safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage (ICH). It maps the legal possibilities, both within institutions and more substantive solutions, pertaining ICH. By incorporating different disciplinary takes on the issues associated with safeguarding intangible heritage, this book tells a story about how the law works and ought to work towards protecting communities, as those from where ICH stems, and to whom benefits of its exploitation must return. ICH can be safeguarded by institutions on three different levels: international, regional and national. At the international level, the foremost initiative is the specific UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003). At the regional level, initiatives are undertaken both in schemes of political and economic integration, a common thread being that ICH helps promote a common identity for the region, becoming thus a desirable staple of integration. Domestically, responses range from strong constitutional forms of protection to rather weak policy initiatives aimed primarily at attracting foreign aid. Intangible heritage can also be safeguarded via substantive law, and, in this respect, the book looks at the potentials and pitfalls of human rights law, intellectual property tools and contractual approaches. Human rights law is a useful tool because of the connection between ICH and cultural identity, but it disregards the important group dimension of heritage. Intellectual property offers the strongest form of protection, but it easily ossifies heritage. Finally, contractual approaches can be used, meaning legal arrangements directly amongst the different stakeholders interested in economically exploiting intangible heritage.Less
This book offers a comprehensive look at the legal safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage (ICH). It maps the legal possibilities, both within institutions and more substantive solutions, pertaining ICH. By incorporating different disciplinary takes on the issues associated with safeguarding intangible heritage, this book tells a story about how the law works and ought to work towards protecting communities, as those from where ICH stems, and to whom benefits of its exploitation must return. ICH can be safeguarded by institutions on three different levels: international, regional and national. At the international level, the foremost initiative is the specific UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003). At the regional level, initiatives are undertaken both in schemes of political and economic integration, a common thread being that ICH helps promote a common identity for the region, becoming thus a desirable staple of integration. Domestically, responses range from strong constitutional forms of protection to rather weak policy initiatives aimed primarily at attracting foreign aid. Intangible heritage can also be safeguarded via substantive law, and, in this respect, the book looks at the potentials and pitfalls of human rights law, intellectual property tools and contractual approaches. Human rights law is a useful tool because of the connection between ICH and cultural identity, but it disregards the important group dimension of heritage. Intellectual property offers the strongest form of protection, but it easily ossifies heritage. Finally, contractual approaches can be used, meaning legal arrangements directly amongst the different stakeholders interested in economically exploiting intangible heritage.
Dominic McGoldrick
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199217908
- eISBN:
- 9780191705380
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217908.003.0017
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter considers the challenges of dealing with culture and cultures, as well as the ideas and substance of cultural rights, especially article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, ...
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This chapter considers the challenges of dealing with culture and cultures, as well as the ideas and substance of cultural rights, especially article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966 (ICESCR) — the core binding provision on cultural rights in the international human rights system. It examines the two new recent international texts relevant to cultural rights: General Comment 17 of the International Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (the Committee on ESC Rights), adopted in 2005; and the United Nations Economic, Social and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, also adopted in 2005. Finally, it offers some concluding reflections and suggests that there may be signs of a renaissance for culture and cultural rights.Less
This chapter considers the challenges of dealing with culture and cultures, as well as the ideas and substance of cultural rights, especially article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966 (ICESCR) — the core binding provision on cultural rights in the international human rights system. It examines the two new recent international texts relevant to cultural rights: General Comment 17 of the International Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (the Committee on ESC Rights), adopted in 2005; and the United Nations Economic, Social and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, also adopted in 2005. Finally, it offers some concluding reflections and suggests that there may be signs of a renaissance for culture and cultural rights.
Asif Efrat
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199760305
- eISBN:
- 9780199950010
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199760305.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter examines the domestic and international political conflicts underlying the cooperative efforts against the plunder of antiquities. The first section introduces illicit trade in ...
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This chapter examines the domestic and international political conflicts underlying the cooperative efforts against the plunder of antiquities. The first section introduces illicit trade in antiquities. The second section explores the battle between source countries, who have advocated stringent international regulation of antiquities, and market countries, who have questioned the desirability and feasibility of such regulation. The third section explains why the United States reversed its liberal approach to the movement of cultural material, joined the international efforts against looting, and established controls on antiquities—to the benefit of foreign countries facing archaeological plunder and to the detriment of the U.S. art market. The fourth section explores Britain's surprising accession to the UNESCO Convention in 2002, after having rejected it for more than three decades. The American and British cases both demonstrate how temporal changes in preferences can bring previously reluctant governments to cooperate against illicit trade.Less
This chapter examines the domestic and international political conflicts underlying the cooperative efforts against the plunder of antiquities. The first section introduces illicit trade in antiquities. The second section explores the battle between source countries, who have advocated stringent international regulation of antiquities, and market countries, who have questioned the desirability and feasibility of such regulation. The third section explains why the United States reversed its liberal approach to the movement of cultural material, joined the international efforts against looting, and established controls on antiquities—to the benefit of foreign countries facing archaeological plunder and to the detriment of the U.S. art market. The fourth section explores Britain's surprising accession to the UNESCO Convention in 2002, after having rejected it for more than three decades. The American and British cases both demonstrate how temporal changes in preferences can bring previously reluctant governments to cooperate against illicit trade.
Nancy Y. Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199768677
- eISBN:
- 9780199979608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199768677.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter examines the environmental, cultural, human, and political consequences of building the Aswan High Dam in Egypt in the 1960s and 1970s. Building the High Dam was mostly about moving ...
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This chapter examines the environmental, cultural, human, and political consequences of building the Aswan High Dam in Egypt in the 1960s and 1970s. Building the High Dam was mostly about moving rock. An embankment dam made primarily from crushed hornblende granite from the adjacent valley cliffs in Aswan, the High Dam also initiated a massive movement of sand and rock from ancient archaeological sites along the Nile that were being rescued by an internationally sponsored campaign. Nubians, who would be displaced by the new lake behind the dam, protested against the injustices of their compensation and relocation, calling on the Egyptian government to move their villages, saints' shrines, and gravesites “stone by stone” to resettlement sites. These wrenching transformations of the rockscape fused into interlocking characterizations of rocks as elements of wilderness and yet also as building blocks of civilization, both ancient (archaeological/Pharaonic) and modern (the dam itself). The resulting geology of national development fueled popular recruitment campaigns for dam construction; helped to shape the agenda for national geological research; sharpened Nubian claims about the injustice of the dam; and created expectations of the dam's ability to restore time, agency, and sovereignty to Egypt.Less
This chapter examines the environmental, cultural, human, and political consequences of building the Aswan High Dam in Egypt in the 1960s and 1970s. Building the High Dam was mostly about moving rock. An embankment dam made primarily from crushed hornblende granite from the adjacent valley cliffs in Aswan, the High Dam also initiated a massive movement of sand and rock from ancient archaeological sites along the Nile that were being rescued by an internationally sponsored campaign. Nubians, who would be displaced by the new lake behind the dam, protested against the injustices of their compensation and relocation, calling on the Egyptian government to move their villages, saints' shrines, and gravesites “stone by stone” to resettlement sites. These wrenching transformations of the rockscape fused into interlocking characterizations of rocks as elements of wilderness and yet also as building blocks of civilization, both ancient (archaeological/Pharaonic) and modern (the dam itself). The resulting geology of national development fueled popular recruitment campaigns for dam construction; helped to shape the agenda for national geological research; sharpened Nubian claims about the injustice of the dam; and created expectations of the dam's ability to restore time, agency, and sovereignty to Egypt.
Ahmed Sedky
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774162459
- eISBN:
- 9781617970122
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774162459.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
There are different efforts that have been made just to develop and upgrade Historic Cairo but it remained limited because of a main slogan proclaimed by Hassan Kafafi in 1990. Urban pressures were ...
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There are different efforts that have been made just to develop and upgrade Historic Cairo but it remained limited because of a main slogan proclaimed by Hassan Kafafi in 1990. Urban pressures were maintained, resulting in the accumulation of many problems in Cairo's historic areas. The UNESCO conference came up with specific recommendations to safeguard Fatimid Cairo, as being the most important area within the city walls that still exhibits the traditional features of Arab-Islamic cities and as an emblem of a living, traditional urbanism. Studies of urban scale came into focus in the attempt to save al-Azhar Mosque and its surroundings. The governorate has managed to create alliances with, and give administrative support to the ministries of housing and tourism, while conducting effective communications and agreements with the Ministry of Awqaf through the Executive Committee.Less
There are different efforts that have been made just to develop and upgrade Historic Cairo but it remained limited because of a main slogan proclaimed by Hassan Kafafi in 1990. Urban pressures were maintained, resulting in the accumulation of many problems in Cairo's historic areas. The UNESCO conference came up with specific recommendations to safeguard Fatimid Cairo, as being the most important area within the city walls that still exhibits the traditional features of Arab-Islamic cities and as an emblem of a living, traditional urbanism. Studies of urban scale came into focus in the attempt to save al-Azhar Mosque and its surroundings. The governorate has managed to create alliances with, and give administrative support to the ministries of housing and tourism, while conducting effective communications and agreements with the Ministry of Awqaf through the Executive Committee.
Steve Swayne
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195388527
- eISBN:
- 9780199894345
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388527.003.0020
- Subject:
- Music, History, American, History, Western
This chapter considers Schuman's various attempts to use his position and influence to extend his ideas of music education, musical diplomacy, and American contemporary music. It looks at the ...
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This chapter considers Schuman's various attempts to use his position and influence to extend his ideas of music education, musical diplomacy, and American contemporary music. It looks at the establishment of the BMI Student Composer Awards and Schuman's pressure upon the managers of the Metropolitan Opera Association and the New York Philharmonic to perform American music. Also striking is Schuman's role in brokering a number of mergers: 1) the National Institute of Arts and Letters with the American Academy of Arts and Letters; 2) the High School of Music and Art and the High School of Performing Arts; and 3) the International Society of Contemporary Music (U.S. Section) and the League of Composers. The chapter ends by looking at Schuman's Credendum, commissioned by the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO.Less
This chapter considers Schuman's various attempts to use his position and influence to extend his ideas of music education, musical diplomacy, and American contemporary music. It looks at the establishment of the BMI Student Composer Awards and Schuman's pressure upon the managers of the Metropolitan Opera Association and the New York Philharmonic to perform American music. Also striking is Schuman's role in brokering a number of mergers: 1) the National Institute of Arts and Letters with the American Academy of Arts and Letters; 2) the High School of Music and Art and the High School of Performing Arts; and 3) the International Society of Contemporary Music (U.S. Section) and the League of Composers. The chapter ends by looking at Schuman's Credendum, commissioned by the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO.
Jacqueline Mowbray
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199646616
- eISBN:
- 9780191745485
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199646616.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Philosophy of Law
Patterns of language use in culture and the media are complex, differentiated, and continually evolving, particularly in response to processes of globalisation. This chapter uses the work of Pierre ...
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Patterns of language use in culture and the media are complex, differentiated, and continually evolving, particularly in response to processes of globalisation. This chapter uses the work of Pierre Bourdieu to explore the significance of this complexity and change, and against this background considers how international law engages with concerns about language use in the cultural sphere. It examines freedom of expression, the right to take part in cultural life, minority rights law, and laws on linguistic diversity (such as the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions). It also considers how international trade law may affect language use in this context by facilitating processes of globalisation. This analysis demonstrates that international law has difficulty accounting for processes of differentiation and change within the cultural sphere, including those which international law itself enables, and that this affects international law’s engagement with linguistic justice.Less
Patterns of language use in culture and the media are complex, differentiated, and continually evolving, particularly in response to processes of globalisation. This chapter uses the work of Pierre Bourdieu to explore the significance of this complexity and change, and against this background considers how international law engages with concerns about language use in the cultural sphere. It examines freedom of expression, the right to take part in cultural life, minority rights law, and laws on linguistic diversity (such as the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions). It also considers how international trade law may affect language use in this context by facilitating processes of globalisation. This analysis demonstrates that international law has difficulty accounting for processes of differentiation and change within the cultural sphere, including those which international law itself enables, and that this affects international law’s engagement with linguistic justice.
Dirk Pulkowski
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199689330
- eISBN:
- 9780191768279
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199689330.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Comparative Law
The international order is constituted by a plurality of international regimes, institutionalized arrangements in different areas which possess their own norms and procedures. This book examines how ...
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The international order is constituted by a plurality of international regimes, institutionalized arrangements in different areas which possess their own norms and procedures. This book examines how conflicts among regimes may arise, and investigates the role that international law can play in managing these regime conflicts. The book posits that three dimensions are characteristic for regime conflicts: First, they can reflect a conflict between the overall goals of the different regimes. Second, such conflicts are institutionalized and perpetuated through the interaction of the actors representing these regimes, reflecting political power struggles between institutions. Third, regime conflicts may manifest themselves in direct conflicts of legal rules: if a state acts in conformity with the rules of one regime, its conduct may trigger a violation of the rules of another regime. Throughout the book, the example of trade in cultural products is used to illustrate the evolution of regime conflicts and the potential for their management. Conflicts between the goals of ‘free trade’ and ‘cultural diversity’ have notably surfaced within the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). As a result, there is a potential for rule conflicts among WTO law, the UNESCO's Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, and human rights. The book argues that, while international law may not wholly function as an integrated and fully unified system, it does provide a common language for different regimes to engage with each other, based on shared rules of discourse. This common language can allow for the policies of various international regimes to be coordinated together. The book asserts that ultimately international law can help manage regime conflicts by preventing conflicts of rules through these common techniques of interpretation, and by providing the tools for adjudicating any conflicts of rules that may remain.Less
The international order is constituted by a plurality of international regimes, institutionalized arrangements in different areas which possess their own norms and procedures. This book examines how conflicts among regimes may arise, and investigates the role that international law can play in managing these regime conflicts. The book posits that three dimensions are characteristic for regime conflicts: First, they can reflect a conflict between the overall goals of the different regimes. Second, such conflicts are institutionalized and perpetuated through the interaction of the actors representing these regimes, reflecting political power struggles between institutions. Third, regime conflicts may manifest themselves in direct conflicts of legal rules: if a state acts in conformity with the rules of one regime, its conduct may trigger a violation of the rules of another regime. Throughout the book, the example of trade in cultural products is used to illustrate the evolution of regime conflicts and the potential for their management. Conflicts between the goals of ‘free trade’ and ‘cultural diversity’ have notably surfaced within the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). As a result, there is a potential for rule conflicts among WTO law, the UNESCO's Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, and human rights. The book argues that, while international law may not wholly function as an integrated and fully unified system, it does provide a common language for different regimes to engage with each other, based on shared rules of discourse. This common language can allow for the policies of various international regimes to be coordinated together. The book asserts that ultimately international law can help manage regime conflicts by preventing conflicts of rules through these common techniques of interpretation, and by providing the tools for adjudicating any conflicts of rules that may remain.
Perry Keller
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198268550
- eISBN:
- 9780191728518
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198268550.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
Chapter Six sets out, separately, the principles and rules of European and international human rights law that most directly affect the media. The Chapter examines the ECHR Article 10 right to ...
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Chapter Six sets out, separately, the principles and rules of European and international human rights law that most directly affect the media. The Chapter examines the ECHR Article 10 right to freedom of expression, explaining the judicial development of its core purpose of protecting scrutiny and comment on public affairs. It also examines competing ECHR based rights and interests and the use of proportionality analysis to achieve a balance between these and the liberty to publish. The Chapter looks at other Council of Europe treaties and instruments concerning media issues, including regulatory independence, public service media and prescriptive rules protecting state and public interests. Chapter Six then discusses Article 19 of the ICCPR in comparison to Article 10 of the ECHR, including various successes and failures in developing a liberal democratic interpretation of freedom of expression in international law in different venues.Less
Chapter Six sets out, separately, the principles and rules of European and international human rights law that most directly affect the media. The Chapter examines the ECHR Article 10 right to freedom of expression, explaining the judicial development of its core purpose of protecting scrutiny and comment on public affairs. It also examines competing ECHR based rights and interests and the use of proportionality analysis to achieve a balance between these and the liberty to publish. The Chapter looks at other Council of Europe treaties and instruments concerning media issues, including regulatory independence, public service media and prescriptive rules protecting state and public interests. Chapter Six then discusses Article 19 of the ICCPR in comparison to Article 10 of the ECHR, including various successes and failures in developing a liberal democratic interpretation of freedom of expression in international law in different venues.
Perry Keller
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198268550
- eISBN:
- 9780191728518
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198268550.003.0016
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
Chapter Fifteen concerns tensions between cultural policy in the entertainment media and non-discrimination obligations in European and international economic law. As this Chapter discusses, ...
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Chapter Fifteen concerns tensions between cultural policy in the entertainment media and non-discrimination obligations in European and international economic law. As this Chapter discusses, intervention in media markets to achieve linguistic and cultural goals is a major element in European national media policy. Consequently, the EU has created European audiovisual programme content quotas and other measures that maintain relative non-discrimination between member states while also limiting public access to non-European cultural content. The Chapter also examines the mechanisms for conditional approval of state aid under EU law to national public service media for cultural purposes under the concept of 'services of general economic interest'. It then turns to the compromises of the WTO Uruguay Round, which effectively left global trade in audiovisual services outside GATS disciplines and under current Doha Round negotiations. Chapter Eight concludes by examining the UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity and its relationship with multilateral and bilateral trade law.Less
Chapter Fifteen concerns tensions between cultural policy in the entertainment media and non-discrimination obligations in European and international economic law. As this Chapter discusses, intervention in media markets to achieve linguistic and cultural goals is a major element in European national media policy. Consequently, the EU has created European audiovisual programme content quotas and other measures that maintain relative non-discrimination between member states while also limiting public access to non-European cultural content. The Chapter also examines the mechanisms for conditional approval of state aid under EU law to national public service media for cultural purposes under the concept of 'services of general economic interest'. It then turns to the compromises of the WTO Uruguay Round, which effectively left global trade in audiovisual services outside GATS disciplines and under current Doha Round negotiations. Chapter Eight concludes by examining the UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity and its relationship with multilateral and bilateral trade law.
Mark Rice
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469643533
- eISBN:
- 9781469643557
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643533.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter investigates how Cusco tourism navigated three crises: the end of Good Neighbor cultural diplomacy at the start of the Cold War, the withdrawal of state support for tourism development, ...
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This chapter investigates how Cusco tourism navigated three crises: the end of Good Neighbor cultural diplomacy at the start of the Cold War, the withdrawal of state support for tourism development, and a destructive earthquake in 1950. Cusco’s tourism backers used their transnational connections to new global institutions like UNESCO as well as earthquake recovery funds to sustain tourism in the region and lay the foundation for a travel boom in the next decades. However, such efforts promoted controversial reconstruction techniques at Machu Picchu and failed to address Cusco’s growing agrarian and economic crises.Less
This chapter investigates how Cusco tourism navigated three crises: the end of Good Neighbor cultural diplomacy at the start of the Cold War, the withdrawal of state support for tourism development, and a destructive earthquake in 1950. Cusco’s tourism backers used their transnational connections to new global institutions like UNESCO as well as earthquake recovery funds to sustain tourism in the region and lay the foundation for a travel boom in the next decades. However, such efforts promoted controversial reconstruction techniques at Machu Picchu and failed to address Cusco’s growing agrarian and economic crises.
Mark Rice
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469643533
- eISBN:
- 9781469643557
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643533.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Advances in jet travel ushered in Cusco’s first tourism boom in the 1960s and 1970s. However, a series of agrarian revolts and the collapse of Cusco’s traditional economic base threatened to unravel ...
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Advances in jet travel ushered in Cusco’s first tourism boom in the 1960s and 1970s. However, a series of agrarian revolts and the collapse of Cusco’s traditional economic base threatened to unravel tourism. Increasingly, Cusco looked to the national state to use tourism as a source of economic development, especially after the 1968 military coup led by the left-leaning General Juan Velasco Alvarado. Working with transnational institutions like UNESCO and employing Machu Picchu as a populist symbol, the military sought to use cultural tourism with ongoing agrarian reform to remake Cusco’s regional society. Contrary to the military’s goals, these efforts ultimately failed. Plans to construct a modernist hotel at Machu Picchu provoked fights between development and preservation interests. In addition, the unexpected arrival of counter-cultural travellers shocked locals. Finally, the highly-technical strategies employed by the military and UNESCO only served to displace local control over tourism in favor of bureaucratic interests in Lima.Less
Advances in jet travel ushered in Cusco’s first tourism boom in the 1960s and 1970s. However, a series of agrarian revolts and the collapse of Cusco’s traditional economic base threatened to unravel tourism. Increasingly, Cusco looked to the national state to use tourism as a source of economic development, especially after the 1968 military coup led by the left-leaning General Juan Velasco Alvarado. Working with transnational institutions like UNESCO and employing Machu Picchu as a populist symbol, the military sought to use cultural tourism with ongoing agrarian reform to remake Cusco’s regional society. Contrary to the military’s goals, these efforts ultimately failed. Plans to construct a modernist hotel at Machu Picchu provoked fights between development and preservation interests. In addition, the unexpected arrival of counter-cultural travellers shocked locals. Finally, the highly-technical strategies employed by the military and UNESCO only served to displace local control over tourism in favor of bureaucratic interests in Lima.
Colette Grinevald and Michel Bert
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265765
- eISBN:
- 9780191771958
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265765.003.0017
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Language Families
Fieldwork on Rama (Nicaragua) and Francoprovençal (France) has revealed ever-present and ever-changing ideological forces at work. This chapter examines how ideologies in the two different locations ...
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Fieldwork on Rama (Nicaragua) and Francoprovençal (France) has revealed ever-present and ever-changing ideological forces at work. This chapter examines how ideologies in the two different locations are essentially built in opposition to others, how they are projected onto specific types of actions, and how they are explicitly articulated by some people and then adopted and absorbed largely implicitly by others. The authors also discuss why a certain ideology is evident at a certain time, and try to trace what might be at stake for whom: communities, governments, and institutions, as well as academic linguists.Less
Fieldwork on Rama (Nicaragua) and Francoprovençal (France) has revealed ever-present and ever-changing ideological forces at work. This chapter examines how ideologies in the two different locations are essentially built in opposition to others, how they are projected onto specific types of actions, and how they are explicitly articulated by some people and then adopted and absorbed largely implicitly by others. The authors also discuss why a certain ideology is evident at a certain time, and try to trace what might be at stake for whom: communities, governments, and institutions, as well as academic linguists.
Tullio Scovazzi
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199299614
- eISBN:
- 9780191714887
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299614.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
On November 6, 2001, the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (CPUCH) was signed in Paris, France, with the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural ...
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On November 6, 2001, the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (CPUCH) was signed in Paris, France, with the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation; or, UNESCO. When entered into force, it will apply to ‘all traces of human existence having a cultural, historical, or archaeological character, which have been partially or totally under water, periodically or continuously, for at least 100 years’. To explain the merit of the CPUCH, a basic consideration must be made. Any attempts to deal with the cultural heritage at sea inevitably have to face an unexpected obstacle; that is Article 303 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC). This provision is not only incomplete but also counterproductive, and can be interpreted in a way which undermines the very objective of protecting the underwater cultural heritage. This chapter looks at some of the issues surrounding Article 303, including the law of salvage and finds, ‘first come, first served’ approach for archaeological and historical objects found on the continental shelf, regional cooperation, and freedom of the seas.Less
On November 6, 2001, the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (CPUCH) was signed in Paris, France, with the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation; or, UNESCO. When entered into force, it will apply to ‘all traces of human existence having a cultural, historical, or archaeological character, which have been partially or totally under water, periodically or continuously, for at least 100 years’. To explain the merit of the CPUCH, a basic consideration must be made. Any attempts to deal with the cultural heritage at sea inevitably have to face an unexpected obstacle; that is Article 303 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC). This provision is not only incomplete but also counterproductive, and can be interpreted in a way which undermines the very objective of protecting the underwater cultural heritage. This chapter looks at some of the issues surrounding Article 303, including the law of salvage and finds, ‘first come, first served’ approach for archaeological and historical objects found on the continental shelf, regional cooperation, and freedom of the seas.
Nicholas S. Hopkins and Sohair R. Mehanna
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774164019
- eISBN:
- 9781617970382
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774164019.003.0019
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
We could cite an endless list of countries, peoples, and languages that are menaced by forced displacement and even disappearance before having been documented. Minority cultures and languages in ...
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We could cite an endless list of countries, peoples, and languages that are menaced by forced displacement and even disappearance before having been documented. Minority cultures and languages in particular are threatened by mightier neighbors and industrialized nations. With technical improvements and mechanical achievements, people are pushed into new, unwanted situations. This chapter deals with the case of the minority culture and language of the Egyptian Nubians investigated in the 1960s before their evacuation. In this fieldwork, anthropology could only be applied as a humanitarian discipline, aiming at the safeguarding of the—then present—and last stage of an ancient culture.Less
We could cite an endless list of countries, peoples, and languages that are menaced by forced displacement and even disappearance before having been documented. Minority cultures and languages in particular are threatened by mightier neighbors and industrialized nations. With technical improvements and mechanical achievements, people are pushed into new, unwanted situations. This chapter deals with the case of the minority culture and language of the Egyptian Nubians investigated in the 1960s before their evacuation. In this fieldwork, anthropology could only be applied as a humanitarian discipline, aiming at the safeguarding of the—then present—and last stage of an ancient culture.
