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War, Socialism and Devolution 1939–58

in Offshore Island Politics: The Constitutional and Political Development of the Isle of Man in the Twentieth Century

This chapter discusses the period from the outbreak of war in 1939 to Parliament's Isle of Man Act in 1958. This period saw a major devolution of power to the Island and a great expansion in the role ... More

This chapter discusses the period from the outbreak of war in 1939 to Parliament's Isle of Man Act in 1958. This period saw a major devolution of power to the Island and a great expansion in the role of the state. This chapter also explores the detail of the proposed devolution of the UK Treasury's powers in the Isle of Man. It examines the three general elections of 1946, 1951 and 1956 on the Island. Social security policy between 1939 and 1958 is explained. During this time there was a revolutionary shift of the economy of the Island. Furthermore, the chapter reviews the Manx budgetary policy from 1939 to 1958.Less

The Second World War: 1939–1945

Charles W. Munn

in Investing for Generations: A History of the Alliance Trust

This chapter describes the condition of investment trust companies during the Second World War when the UK Treasury took hold of Britain's finances. In September 1939, the UK Treasury required ... More

This chapter describes the condition of investment trust companies during the Second World War when the UK Treasury took hold of Britain's finances. In September 1939, the UK Treasury required holders of overseas securities to register their holdings with the Bank of England. It was still permissible for the owners to sell these securities, but the foreign currency proceeds had to be surrendered to the Treasury. From February 1940 until April 1941, several vesting orders were issued, which compelled holders of foreign securities to surrender them to the Treasury. These orders created difficulties for investment trust companies, as the yield on Treasury bills was less than their investments. In April 1940, the Treasury began the process of requisitioning American securities from whoever held them in the UK, forcing Alliance Trust to give up 21 stocks, including their investments in Philip Morris, Bethlehem Steel, and the Ohio Railroad.Less

Governments as Placemakers: Modalities and Effects

Christopher Pollitt

in New Perspectives on Public Services: Place and Technology

This chapter develops a more general model of governments as placemakers (GAP), incorporating many kinds of relationships that can significantly shape places for government activity and services. It ... More

This chapter develops a more general model of governments as placemakers (GAP), incorporating many kinds of relationships that can significantly shape places for government activity and services. It examines how particular locations — or changes of location — influence both the providers and the users of public services. It explains government as placemaker through location, direct actions, and influence in the formation of virtual spaces. The chapter explains why despite the range of policy instruments available, governments may still fail to achieve their objectives. This failure is due, first, to the government's being outplayed or outmaneuvered by other groups or sectors; second, the government is divided between conflicting interests; and third, organizational and managerial failure that did not address the issue at the right time.Less