Immanuel Ness
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036279
- eISBN:
- 9780252093371
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036279.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter investigates the policy and practice of established U.S. labor unions toward migrant labor and guest workers and provides alternative models for building worker power on a global basis. ...
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This chapter investigates the policy and practice of established U.S. labor unions toward migrant labor and guest workers and provides alternative models for building worker power on a global basis. Organized labor operates at a disadvantage as it typically responds rather than acts as capital changes the nature of work to lower wages. Ideally, a proactive labor movement would shape the nature of work. Therefore, U.S. national labor unions and peak organizations have historically opposed all forms of migration. Most notably, in 1986, national unions were instrumental in shaping the employer-sanction provision in the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). However, because legal penalties for hiring undocumented workers are minimal, the law has not deterred employers from hiring them. Furthermore, because minimum wage and hour standards are often unenforced by state and federal government regulatory agencies, undocumented immigrants are frequently more desirable to employers than U.S.-born workers.Less
This chapter investigates the policy and practice of established U.S. labor unions toward migrant labor and guest workers and provides alternative models for building worker power on a global basis. Organized labor operates at a disadvantage as it typically responds rather than acts as capital changes the nature of work to lower wages. Ideally, a proactive labor movement would shape the nature of work. Therefore, U.S. national labor unions and peak organizations have historically opposed all forms of migration. Most notably, in 1986, national unions were instrumental in shaping the employer-sanction provision in the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). However, because legal penalties for hiring undocumented workers are minimal, the law has not deterred employers from hiring them. Furthermore, because minimum wage and hour standards are often unenforced by state and federal government regulatory agencies, undocumented immigrants are frequently more desirable to employers than U.S.-born workers.
Daniel E. Bender and Jana K. Lipman (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479871254
- eISBN:
- 9781479822843
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479871254.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Millions of laborers, from the Philippines to the Caribbean, performed the work of the U.S. empire. Forging a global economy connecting the tropics to the industrial center, workers harvested sugar, ...
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Millions of laborers, from the Philippines to the Caribbean, performed the work of the U.S. empire. Forging a global economy connecting the tropics to the industrial center, workers harvested sugar, cleaned hotel rooms, provided sexual favors, and filled military ranks. Placing working men and women at the center of the long history of the U.S. empire, this book offers new stories of empire that intersect with the “grand narratives” of diplomatic affairs at the national and international levels. Missile defense, Cold War showdowns, development politics, military combat, tourism, and banana economics share something in common-they all have labor histories. This book challenges historians to consider the labor that formed, worked, confronted, and rendered the U.S. empire visible. The U.S. empire is a project of global labor mobilization, coercive management, military presence, and forced cultural encounter. The chapters recognize the United States as a global imperial player whose systems of labor mobilization and migration stretched from Central America to West Africa to the United States itself. Workers are also the key actors in this book. Their stories are multi-vocal, as workers sometimes defied the U.S. empire's rhetoric of civilization, peace, and stability and at other times navigated its networks or benefited from its profits. Their experiences reveal the gulf between the American “denial of empire” and the lived practice of management, resource exploitation, and military exigency. When historians place labor and working people at the center, empire appears as a central dynamic of U.S. history.Less
Millions of laborers, from the Philippines to the Caribbean, performed the work of the U.S. empire. Forging a global economy connecting the tropics to the industrial center, workers harvested sugar, cleaned hotel rooms, provided sexual favors, and filled military ranks. Placing working men and women at the center of the long history of the U.S. empire, this book offers new stories of empire that intersect with the “grand narratives” of diplomatic affairs at the national and international levels. Missile defense, Cold War showdowns, development politics, military combat, tourism, and banana economics share something in common-they all have labor histories. This book challenges historians to consider the labor that formed, worked, confronted, and rendered the U.S. empire visible. The U.S. empire is a project of global labor mobilization, coercive management, military presence, and forced cultural encounter. The chapters recognize the United States as a global imperial player whose systems of labor mobilization and migration stretched from Central America to West Africa to the United States itself. Workers are also the key actors in this book. Their stories are multi-vocal, as workers sometimes defied the U.S. empire's rhetoric of civilization, peace, and stability and at other times navigated its networks or benefited from its profits. Their experiences reveal the gulf between the American “denial of empire” and the lived practice of management, resource exploitation, and military exigency. When historians place labor and working people at the center, empire appears as a central dynamic of U.S. history.
Immanuel Ness
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036279
- eISBN:
- 9780252093371
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036279.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This book thoroughly investigates the use of guest workers in the United States, the largest recipient of migrant labor in the world. The book argues that the use of migrant labor is increasing in ...
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This book thoroughly investigates the use of guest workers in the United States, the largest recipient of migrant labor in the world. The book argues that the use of migrant labor is increasing in importance and represents despotic practices calculated by key U.S. business leaders in the global economy to lower labor costs and expand profits under the guise of filling a shortage of labor for substandard or scarce skilled jobs. The book shows how worker migration and guest worker programs weaken the power of labor in both sending and receiving countries. The in-depth case studies of the rapid expansion of technology and industrial workers from India and hospitality workers from Jamaica reveal how these programs expose guest workers to employers' abuses and class tensions in their home countries while decreasing jobs for American workers and undermining U.S. organized labor. Where other studies of labor migration focus on undocumented immigrant labor and contend immigrants fill jobs that others do not want, this is the first to truly advance understanding of the role of migrant labor in the transformation of the working class in the early twenty-first century. Questioning why global capitalists must rely on migrant workers for economic sustenance, the book rejects the notion that temporary workers enthusiastically go to the United States for low-paying jobs. Instead, the book asserts the motivations for improving living standards in the United States are greatly exaggerated by the media and details the ways organized labor ought to be protecting the interests of American and guest workers in the United States.Less
This book thoroughly investigates the use of guest workers in the United States, the largest recipient of migrant labor in the world. The book argues that the use of migrant labor is increasing in importance and represents despotic practices calculated by key U.S. business leaders in the global economy to lower labor costs and expand profits under the guise of filling a shortage of labor for substandard or scarce skilled jobs. The book shows how worker migration and guest worker programs weaken the power of labor in both sending and receiving countries. The in-depth case studies of the rapid expansion of technology and industrial workers from India and hospitality workers from Jamaica reveal how these programs expose guest workers to employers' abuses and class tensions in their home countries while decreasing jobs for American workers and undermining U.S. organized labor. Where other studies of labor migration focus on undocumented immigrant labor and contend immigrants fill jobs that others do not want, this is the first to truly advance understanding of the role of migrant labor in the transformation of the working class in the early twenty-first century. Questioning why global capitalists must rely on migrant workers for economic sustenance, the book rejects the notion that temporary workers enthusiastically go to the United States for low-paying jobs. Instead, the book asserts the motivations for improving living standards in the United States are greatly exaggerated by the media and details the ways organized labor ought to be protecting the interests of American and guest workers in the United States.
Sarah Bronwen Horton
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520283268
- eISBN:
- 9780520962545
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520283268.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
They Leave Their Kidneys in the Fields takes the reader on an ethnographic tour of the melon and corn harvesting fields in California’s Central Valley to understand why farmworkers die at work each ...
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They Leave Their Kidneys in the Fields takes the reader on an ethnographic tour of the melon and corn harvesting fields in California’s Central Valley to understand why farmworkers die at work each summer. Laden with captivating detail of farmworkers’ daily work and home lives, this book examines uses ethnography to show how U.S. immigration and labor policies have made migrant farmworkers “exceptional workers.” It explores the deeply intertwined political, legal, and social factors that place Latino migrants at particular risk of illness and injury in the fields, and that saddle them with a higher burden of chronic disease at home. It examines the patchwork of health care, disability, and Social Security policies that provide them little succor when they become sick or grow old. The book takes an in-depth look at the work risks faced by migrants at all stages of the life-course: as teens, in their middle-age, and ultimately as elderly workers. By following the lives of a core group of farmworkers over nearly a decade, this book provides a searing portrait of how their precarious immigration and work statuses get under their skin, culminating in preventable morbidity and premature death.Less
They Leave Their Kidneys in the Fields takes the reader on an ethnographic tour of the melon and corn harvesting fields in California’s Central Valley to understand why farmworkers die at work each summer. Laden with captivating detail of farmworkers’ daily work and home lives, this book examines uses ethnography to show how U.S. immigration and labor policies have made migrant farmworkers “exceptional workers.” It explores the deeply intertwined political, legal, and social factors that place Latino migrants at particular risk of illness and injury in the fields, and that saddle them with a higher burden of chronic disease at home. It examines the patchwork of health care, disability, and Social Security policies that provide them little succor when they become sick or grow old. The book takes an in-depth look at the work risks faced by migrants at all stages of the life-course: as teens, in their middle-age, and ultimately as elderly workers. By following the lives of a core group of farmworkers over nearly a decade, this book provides a searing portrait of how their precarious immigration and work statuses get under their skin, culminating in preventable morbidity and premature death.
Ruth Milkman and Eileen Appelbaum
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452383
- eISBN:
- 9780801469503
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452383.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This introductory chapter provides a background of California's paid family leave (PFL) program. Since 1993, the federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) has guaranteed unpaid job-protected leaves ...
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This introductory chapter provides a background of California's paid family leave (PFL) program. Since 1993, the federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) has guaranteed unpaid job-protected leaves for new parents of up to twelve weeks. However, it makes such leaves available to only about half of the U.S. labor force, and even those who are covered often cannot afford to take unpaid leaves. As a result, millions of American workers are regularly forced to choose between economic security and providing vital care for their families. California made history on September 23, 2002, when Governor Gray Davis signed a bill creating the nation's first comprehensive paid family leave program. California's PFL program provides up to six weeks of partial wage replacement for eligible workers who take time off to bond with a new child or to care for a seriously ill family member.Less
This introductory chapter provides a background of California's paid family leave (PFL) program. Since 1993, the federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) has guaranteed unpaid job-protected leaves for new parents of up to twelve weeks. However, it makes such leaves available to only about half of the U.S. labor force, and even those who are covered often cannot afford to take unpaid leaves. As a result, millions of American workers are regularly forced to choose between economic security and providing vital care for their families. California made history on September 23, 2002, when Governor Gray Davis signed a bill creating the nation's first comprehensive paid family leave program. California's PFL program provides up to six weeks of partial wage replacement for eligible workers who take time off to bond with a new child or to care for a seriously ill family member.
Jon Van Til
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479855346
- eISBN:
- 9781479851638
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479855346.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter looks at the narratives of upwardly mobile, highly skilled Shia Ismaili Muslims employed in corporate America, which provide an important context for examining the intersection of ...
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This chapter looks at the narratives of upwardly mobile, highly skilled Shia Ismaili Muslims employed in corporate America, which provide an important context for examining the intersection of transnational Islamic sectarian ideologies with racialized and classed regimes of U.S. labor flows, ideologies of the model minority, the neoliberal capitalist economy, and Pakistani nation building. Since the changes in U.S. immigration laws in 1965, Houston’s energy sector has attracted highly skilled Asian technical experts and professionals, as well as students pursuing higher education in the hard sciences. The collapse of Enron, an energy company based in Houston, in autumn 2001 resulted in massive layoffs, causing unexpected unemployment among Shia Ismaili Muslims. At this moment of crisis, they mobilized transnational Shia Ismaili networks to alleviate the impact of the loss of unemployment and rebuild their careers.Less
This chapter looks at the narratives of upwardly mobile, highly skilled Shia Ismaili Muslims employed in corporate America, which provide an important context for examining the intersection of transnational Islamic sectarian ideologies with racialized and classed regimes of U.S. labor flows, ideologies of the model minority, the neoliberal capitalist economy, and Pakistani nation building. Since the changes in U.S. immigration laws in 1965, Houston’s energy sector has attracted highly skilled Asian technical experts and professionals, as well as students pursuing higher education in the hard sciences. The collapse of Enron, an energy company based in Houston, in autumn 2001 resulted in massive layoffs, causing unexpected unemployment among Shia Ismaili Muslims. At this moment of crisis, they mobilized transnational Shia Ismaili networks to alleviate the impact of the loss of unemployment and rebuild their careers.
Barbara M. Fraumeni, Michael J. Harper, Susan G. Powers, and Robert E. Yuskavage (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226410845
- eISBN:
- 9780226410876
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226410876.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
This chapter examines the similarities and differences between output measures produced by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. It describes framework for the ...
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This chapter examines the similarities and differences between output measures produced by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. It describes framework for the production account that incorporates data on the production of commodities by individual industries, as well as the interindustry flows available in the input-output accounts. This chapter analyzes theoretical foundation for a production account that can be used to analyze productivity and shows the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and the major-sector estimates using the production account framework.Less
This chapter examines the similarities and differences between output measures produced by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. It describes framework for the production account that incorporates data on the production of commodities by individual industries, as well as the interindustry flows available in the input-output accounts. This chapter analyzes theoretical foundation for a production account that can be used to analyze productivity and shows the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and the major-sector estimates using the production account framework.
Dale W. Jorgenson, J. Steven Landefeld, and William D. Nordhaus (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226410845
- eISBN:
- 9780226410876
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226410876.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
This chapter discusses the panelists' opinion on the outcome of the Conference on a New Architecture for the U.S. national accounts. They all agree that the conference has accomplished the objective ...
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This chapter discusses the panelists' opinion on the outcome of the Conference on a New Architecture for the U.S. national accounts. They all agree that the conference has accomplished the objective of initiating the lengthy process that will be required to produce an integrated and consistent system of U.S. national accounts. But they also acknowledged that the completion of the integration process will require collaboration between the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to integrate he components of the core system of accounts and between the BEA and the Federal Reserve Board on integrated and consistent income and expenditures, capital, and wealth accounts.Less
This chapter discusses the panelists' opinion on the outcome of the Conference on a New Architecture for the U.S. national accounts. They all agree that the conference has accomplished the objective of initiating the lengthy process that will be required to produce an integrated and consistent system of U.S. national accounts. But they also acknowledged that the completion of the integration process will require collaboration between the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to integrate he components of the core system of accounts and between the BEA and the Federal Reserve Board on integrated and consistent income and expenditures, capital, and wealth accounts.
Stephen J. Fichter, Thomas P. Gaunt, Catherine Hoegeman, and Paul M. Perl
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- February 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190920289
- eISBN:
- 9780190920319
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190920289.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter describes the normal daily routines that bishops follow and compares their averages (in terms of hours spent sleeping and working) to those of other American males in their same age ...
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This chapter describes the normal daily routines that bishops follow and compares their averages (in terms of hours spent sleeping and working) to those of other American males in their same age category. Analysis is also made of the amount of time that they spend praying and exercising each day. Some interesting results come to the fore such as the fact that bishops sleep two hours less per day and work two hours more per day than men their own age. We also delve into their preferences for both secular and Church news sources, noting (not surprisingly) that the more traditional bishops choose conservative outlets and the more progressive ones choose liberal sources.Less
This chapter describes the normal daily routines that bishops follow and compares their averages (in terms of hours spent sleeping and working) to those of other American males in their same age category. Analysis is also made of the amount of time that they spend praying and exercising each day. Some interesting results come to the fore such as the fact that bishops sleep two hours less per day and work two hours more per day than men their own age. We also delve into their preferences for both secular and Church news sources, noting (not surprisingly) that the more traditional bishops choose conservative outlets and the more progressive ones choose liberal sources.
