Peter V. Nash
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813033679
- eISBN:
- 9780813038711
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813033679.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter focuses on the tactical aspects of logistic support as both the Royal Navy and the U.S. Navy realigned their command structures and operating fleets to meet existing obligations and ...
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This chapter focuses on the tactical aspects of logistic support as both the Royal Navy and the U.S. Navy realigned their command structures and operating fleets to meet existing obligations and anticipated worldwide threats. It explores why and how tactical doctrine for logistic support was refined to cope with the increasingly complex challenges caused by technological advances in carrier development, jet aircraft, and weaponry, all against the constant backdrop of heightened risk from potential enemy fast submarine or air attack. This line of inquiry includes postwar fleet exercises, war-gaming, and trials programs, which provided peaceful means to improve skills, understanding, and the actual equipment associated with replenishment at sea. It concludes by examining how the Korean War logistic experience affected doctrine and why it acted as a catalyst for introducing new technology and ships that would improve both navies' future capability in the art and science of replenishing ships at sea.Less
This chapter focuses on the tactical aspects of logistic support as both the Royal Navy and the U.S. Navy realigned their command structures and operating fleets to meet existing obligations and anticipated worldwide threats. It explores why and how tactical doctrine for logistic support was refined to cope with the increasingly complex challenges caused by technological advances in carrier development, jet aircraft, and weaponry, all against the constant backdrop of heightened risk from potential enemy fast submarine or air attack. This line of inquiry includes postwar fleet exercises, war-gaming, and trials programs, which provided peaceful means to improve skills, understanding, and the actual equipment associated with replenishment at sea. It concludes by examining how the Korean War logistic experience affected doctrine and why it acted as a catalyst for introducing new technology and ships that would improve both navies' future capability in the art and science of replenishing ships at sea.
Barbara Brooks Tomblin
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823231201
- eISBN:
- 9780823240791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823231201.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter delivers a captivating narrative that takes readers from the choppy and cold waters of the French coast to the shores of North Africa, to Sicily, and to the ...
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This chapter delivers a captivating narrative that takes readers from the choppy and cold waters of the French coast to the shores of North Africa, to Sicily, and to the deadly beaches of Salerno, and then back again to Normandy on June 6, 1944. It demonstrates that the U.S. Navy's successes on June 6 were largely the result of putting into practice the lessons learned from previous amphibious assaults launched in the Mediterranean during 1942 and 1943. In part, because none of the major Mediterranean landings included pre-invasion bombardments of the landing zones, Allied planners recognized the need to wear down German defenses at Normandy with a pre-landing shelling, even at the sacrifice of surprise. The landings in North Africa and Italy not only highlighted the need for close-in fire support for the troops assaulting the beaches, but also revealed the effectiveness of air spot gunfire support and the need for more effective minesweeping operations. Amphibious operations prior to June 6, 1944, also uncovered the need for better defenses against German U-boat, E-boat, and air attacks. Even by the time of the Normandy landings, war planners failed to recognize, despite a wealth of information, the inherent limitations that Allied warships and landing craft would have in silencing enemy shore batteries. This oversight contributed much to the bloodshed on June 6.Less
This chapter delivers a captivating narrative that takes readers from the choppy and cold waters of the French coast to the shores of North Africa, to Sicily, and to the deadly beaches of Salerno, and then back again to Normandy on June 6, 1944. It demonstrates that the U.S. Navy's successes on June 6 were largely the result of putting into practice the lessons learned from previous amphibious assaults launched in the Mediterranean during 1942 and 1943. In part, because none of the major Mediterranean landings included pre-invasion bombardments of the landing zones, Allied planners recognized the need to wear down German defenses at Normandy with a pre-landing shelling, even at the sacrifice of surprise. The landings in North Africa and Italy not only highlighted the need for close-in fire support for the troops assaulting the beaches, but also revealed the effectiveness of air spot gunfire support and the need for more effective minesweeping operations. Amphibious operations prior to June 6, 1944, also uncovered the need for better defenses against German U-boat, E-boat, and air attacks. Even by the time of the Normandy landings, war planners failed to recognize, despite a wealth of information, the inherent limitations that Allied warships and landing craft would have in silencing enemy shore batteries. This oversight contributed much to the bloodshed on June 6.
Jana K. Lipman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520255395
- eISBN:
- 9780520942370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520255395.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Victor Davis' GTMO profession began just after World War II, survived the Cuban revolution, and continued until his retirement in 2005. Victor was born in Banes, where his Jamaican parents worked in ...
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Victor Davis' GTMO profession began just after World War II, survived the Cuban revolution, and continued until his retirement in 2005. Victor was born in Banes, where his Jamaican parents worked in the environs of the United Fruit Company. Victor Davis spoke only implicitly about the Cuban revolution and the subsequent “ticklish” problems confronting base workers. He saw GTMO's transformation from a base defined by debauchery to a military outpost defined by Cold War hostilities. He tried to find a balance between these two poles, and he was more successful than most. Victor remained in his job, but now he had to satisfy the U.S. Navy and revolutionary officials. The U.S. naval base in Guantánamo Bay remained a potent icon and physical reminder of U.S. imperialism. Victor insistently did not include a U.S. withdrawal from Guantánamo Bay when President Eisenhower broke diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961 as one of his last acts of state.Less
Victor Davis' GTMO profession began just after World War II, survived the Cuban revolution, and continued until his retirement in 2005. Victor was born in Banes, where his Jamaican parents worked in the environs of the United Fruit Company. Victor Davis spoke only implicitly about the Cuban revolution and the subsequent “ticklish” problems confronting base workers. He saw GTMO's transformation from a base defined by debauchery to a military outpost defined by Cold War hostilities. He tried to find a balance between these two poles, and he was more successful than most. Victor remained in his job, but now he had to satisfy the U.S. Navy and revolutionary officials. The U.S. naval base in Guantánamo Bay remained a potent icon and physical reminder of U.S. imperialism. Victor insistently did not include a U.S. withdrawal from Guantánamo Bay when President Eisenhower broke diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961 as one of his last acts of state.
Geoffrey F. Gresh
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780804794206
- eISBN:
- 9780804795067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804794206.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
After declaring independence in 1971, Bahrain signed a basing agreement with the United States, prompted by external security fears associated with Iran’s desire to annex the tiny island nation. But ...
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After declaring independence in 1971, Bahrain signed a basing agreement with the United States, prompted by external security fears associated with Iran’s desire to annex the tiny island nation. But when the Yom Kippur War broke out in 1973 with the U.S. supporting Israel in the war, Bahrainis violently voiced their outrage over the U.S. naval presence. In late 1973, the Bahraini government announced that the U.S. naval basing agreement would be terminated. The U.S. lost its homeport at Jufair, but it was able to negotiate the maintenance of a light footprint including the presence of an administrative support unit for U.S. naval regional logistics. This chapter examines both the domestic security challenges faced by the Khalifas during this period and the politics involved in the homeport expulsion.Less
After declaring independence in 1971, Bahrain signed a basing agreement with the United States, prompted by external security fears associated with Iran’s desire to annex the tiny island nation. But when the Yom Kippur War broke out in 1973 with the U.S. supporting Israel in the war, Bahrainis violently voiced their outrage over the U.S. naval presence. In late 1973, the Bahraini government announced that the U.S. naval basing agreement would be terminated. The U.S. lost its homeport at Jufair, but it was able to negotiate the maintenance of a light footprint including the presence of an administrative support unit for U.S. naval regional logistics. This chapter examines both the domestic security challenges faced by the Khalifas during this period and the politics involved in the homeport expulsion.
Jeffrey G. Barlow
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804756662
- eISBN:
- 9780804770965
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804756662.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book discusses the role of the U.S. Navy within the country's national security structure during the first decade of the Cold War from the perspective of the service's senior uniformed officer, ...
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This book discusses the role of the U.S. Navy within the country's national security structure during the first decade of the Cold War from the perspective of the service's senior uniformed officer, the Chief of Naval Operations, and his staff. It examines a variety of issues of the period, including the Army–Navy fight over unification that led to the creation of the National Security Act of 1947, the early postwar fighting in China between the Nationalists and the Communists, the formation of NATO, the outbreak of the Korean War, the decision of the Eisenhower Administration not to intervene in the Viet Minh troops' siege of the French garrison at Dien Bien Phu, and the initiation of the Eisenhower “New Look” defense policy. The author relies upon information obtained from a wide range of primary sources and personal interviews with senior Navy and Army officers. The result is a book that provides the reader with a new way of looking at these pivotal events.Less
This book discusses the role of the U.S. Navy within the country's national security structure during the first decade of the Cold War from the perspective of the service's senior uniformed officer, the Chief of Naval Operations, and his staff. It examines a variety of issues of the period, including the Army–Navy fight over unification that led to the creation of the National Security Act of 1947, the early postwar fighting in China between the Nationalists and the Communists, the formation of NATO, the outbreak of the Korean War, the decision of the Eisenhower Administration not to intervene in the Viet Minh troops' siege of the French garrison at Dien Bien Phu, and the initiation of the Eisenhower “New Look” defense policy. The author relies upon information obtained from a wide range of primary sources and personal interviews with senior Navy and Army officers. The result is a book that provides the reader with a new way of looking at these pivotal events.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804756662
- eISBN:
- 9780804770965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804756662.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter discusses the U.S. Navy's postwar and demobilization planning process, which began with the creation of Harry Yarnell's Special Planning Section under Vice Chief of Naval Operations ...
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This chapter discusses the U.S. Navy's postwar and demobilization planning process, which began with the creation of Harry Yarnell's Special Planning Section under Vice Chief of Naval Operations Frederic Horne. As the Navy coped with an ever-increasing number of internal and external factors, it gradually acquired greater sophistication in its analysis of the issues impinging on the service's future. The creation of a second postwar planning office—this time within the headquarters of the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet—brought an increased sophistication to the handling of such planning.Less
This chapter discusses the U.S. Navy's postwar and demobilization planning process, which began with the creation of Harry Yarnell's Special Planning Section under Vice Chief of Naval Operations Frederic Horne. As the Navy coped with an ever-increasing number of internal and external factors, it gradually acquired greater sophistication in its analysis of the issues impinging on the service's future. The creation of a second postwar planning office—this time within the headquarters of the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet—brought an increased sophistication to the handling of such planning.
J. Garry Clifford and Robert H. Ferrell
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823231201
- eISBN:
- 9780823240791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823231201.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter goes back to the dark days of 1941 when the fates of England—and, by extension, of the United States—hung in the balance. Combining the personal insights on ...
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This chapter goes back to the dark days of 1941 when the fates of England—and, by extension, of the United States—hung in the balance. Combining the personal insights on President Franklin D. Roosevelt's diplomacy, found in works such as Warren Kimball's The Juggler and in the compelling narrative on the approach of war best seen in Waldo Heinrichs' Threshold of War, the chapter focuses on the critical issue of the U.S. Navy's convoying of merchant ships across the Atlantic during 1941. It examines how lukewarm public opinion, Congressional opposition, incomplete rearmament, and the pressing needs of other theaters, led Roosevelt to dissemble and delay rather than address the convoy question. This study offers a particularly penetrating re-examination of Roosevelt's legacy of bipartisanship, his mishandling of isolationists in 1941, and his lack of candor toward Congress and the public.Less
This chapter goes back to the dark days of 1941 when the fates of England—and, by extension, of the United States—hung in the balance. Combining the personal insights on President Franklin D. Roosevelt's diplomacy, found in works such as Warren Kimball's The Juggler and in the compelling narrative on the approach of war best seen in Waldo Heinrichs' Threshold of War, the chapter focuses on the critical issue of the U.S. Navy's convoying of merchant ships across the Atlantic during 1941. It examines how lukewarm public opinion, Congressional opposition, incomplete rearmament, and the pressing needs of other theaters, led Roosevelt to dissemble and delay rather than address the convoy question. This study offers a particularly penetrating re-examination of Roosevelt's legacy of bipartisanship, his mishandling of isolationists in 1941, and his lack of candor toward Congress and the public.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804756662
- eISBN:
- 9780804770965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804756662.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter discusses the U.S. Navy's efforts to adjust to the increased centralization of defense decision-making dictated by the National Security Act of 1947. It argues that the transition for ...
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This chapter discusses the U.S. Navy's efforts to adjust to the increased centralization of defense decision-making dictated by the National Security Act of 1947. It argues that the transition for the Navy went better than it otherwise might have, largely due to the fact that the new Secretary of Defense, James Forrestal, had been the Secretary of Navy. Yet, this factor also had its drawbacks, since it tended to magnify the differences between the Navy and the recently created U.S. Air Force, whose ambitious secretary, Stuart Symington, was only too ready to see partiality toward the Navy in any of Forrestal's decisions that went against his own service.Less
This chapter discusses the U.S. Navy's efforts to adjust to the increased centralization of defense decision-making dictated by the National Security Act of 1947. It argues that the transition for the Navy went better than it otherwise might have, largely due to the fact that the new Secretary of Defense, James Forrestal, had been the Secretary of Navy. Yet, this factor also had its drawbacks, since it tended to magnify the differences between the Navy and the recently created U.S. Air Force, whose ambitious secretary, Stuart Symington, was only too ready to see partiality toward the Navy in any of Forrestal's decisions that went against his own service.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804756662
- eISBN:
- 9780804770965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804756662.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter discusses the events leading up to the passage of the National Security Act of 1947. The Joint Chiefs of Staff Special Committee's report favoring defense unification spurred the Navy ...
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This chapter discusses the events leading up to the passage of the National Security Act of 1947. The Joint Chiefs of Staff Special Committee's report favoring defense unification spurred the Navy Department's efforts to maintain its independence. James Forrestal's subsequent fight to maintain the Navy's freedom of movement on the unification question during 1945 and early 1946, and his search for allies, both within the department and outside on Capitol Hill and in the larger public community, culminated in the passage of unification legislation that reflected many of the Navy's concerns about high-level organization for defense. Regarding matters of military defense, the National Security Act of 1947 was expected to remain a mere artifact without the active support of the service components that made up the new National Military Establishment.Less
This chapter discusses the events leading up to the passage of the National Security Act of 1947. The Joint Chiefs of Staff Special Committee's report favoring defense unification spurred the Navy Department's efforts to maintain its independence. James Forrestal's subsequent fight to maintain the Navy's freedom of movement on the unification question during 1945 and early 1946, and his search for allies, both within the department and outside on Capitol Hill and in the larger public community, culminated in the passage of unification legislation that reflected many of the Navy's concerns about high-level organization for defense. Regarding matters of military defense, the National Security Act of 1947 was expected to remain a mere artifact without the active support of the service components that made up the new National Military Establishment.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804756662
- eISBN:
- 9780804770965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804756662.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter considers the U.S. Navy's response to the threat posed by Soviet naval capabilities. Increasing concern about the ability of the Russians to deploy a force of highly effective new ...
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This chapter considers the U.S. Navy's response to the threat posed by Soviet naval capabilities. Increasing concern about the ability of the Russians to deploy a force of highly effective new submarines based on the German-designed Type XXI U-boat led to a massive Navy effort to increase the effectiveness of U.S. antisubmarine warfare (ASW) assets. Although the Soviet high-speed submarine threat did not materialize in the 1940s, the U.S. Navy's late-decade push on improving its ASW capabilities across the board held it in good stead when new increased-capability submarines began entering the Soviet fleet in the early and mid-1950s.Less
This chapter considers the U.S. Navy's response to the threat posed by Soviet naval capabilities. Increasing concern about the ability of the Russians to deploy a force of highly effective new submarines based on the German-designed Type XXI U-boat led to a massive Navy effort to increase the effectiveness of U.S. antisubmarine warfare (ASW) assets. Although the Soviet high-speed submarine threat did not materialize in the 1940s, the U.S. Navy's late-decade push on improving its ASW capabilities across the board held it in good stead when new increased-capability submarines began entering the Soviet fleet in the early and mid-1950s.
William Reynolds Braisted
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032887
- eISBN:
- 9780813038223
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032887.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
The 1920s and 30s were an especially turbulent period in Chinese history, and the U.S. Navy was deployed there not as an instrument of war, but of diplomacy. Their task was to keep China intact, ...
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The 1920s and 30s were an especially turbulent period in Chinese history, and the U.S. Navy was deployed there not as an instrument of war, but of diplomacy. Their task was to keep China intact, independent, and free of occupation. They faced warlords fighting throughout the country, growing nationalist sentiment, and, eventually, the rise of Chinese communists and heightened Japanese aggression. Their mission included protecting embassies, conducting river patrols, protecting American lives and property, and carrying out civil affairs with the Chinese government. In this narrative, the author — an admiral's son who actually lived in China during his father's tour of duty with the Navy at this time — is both historian and a witness with special insight.Less
The 1920s and 30s were an especially turbulent period in Chinese history, and the U.S. Navy was deployed there not as an instrument of war, but of diplomacy. Their task was to keep China intact, independent, and free of occupation. They faced warlords fighting throughout the country, growing nationalist sentiment, and, eventually, the rise of Chinese communists and heightened Japanese aggression. Their mission included protecting embassies, conducting river patrols, protecting American lives and property, and carrying out civil affairs with the Chinese government. In this narrative, the author — an admiral's son who actually lived in China during his father's tour of duty with the Navy at this time — is both historian and a witness with special insight.
Chris E. Fonvielle Jr.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823232864
- eISBN:
- 9780823240777
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823232864.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Long before Ulysses S. Grant made his move to the James River, the North Carolina seaport of Wilmington on the Cape Fear River had become the principal port of entry for ships carrying essential ...
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Long before Ulysses S. Grant made his move to the James River, the North Carolina seaport of Wilmington on the Cape Fear River had become the principal port of entry for ships carrying essential supplies to Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. By the summer of 1864, as Grant fought his way through the wilderness, and Butler moved up the James River to Bermuda Hundred, the survival of Lee's army depended heavily on the flow of European arms, equipment, and provisions being imported into the Confederacy by way of Wilmington. Union military authorities did not initiate a serious campaign against this key city until late 1864. By then, however, Wilmington was the most heavily defended city on the Atlantic seaboard, with the exception of Charleston. Nevertheless, with important lessons learned in previous combined operations, the U.S. Army and Navy made plans to capture Wilmington with a large-scale combined operation.Less
Long before Ulysses S. Grant made his move to the James River, the North Carolina seaport of Wilmington on the Cape Fear River had become the principal port of entry for ships carrying essential supplies to Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. By the summer of 1864, as Grant fought his way through the wilderness, and Butler moved up the James River to Bermuda Hundred, the survival of Lee's army depended heavily on the flow of European arms, equipment, and provisions being imported into the Confederacy by way of Wilmington. Union military authorities did not initiate a serious campaign against this key city until late 1864. By then, however, Wilmington was the most heavily defended city on the Atlantic seaboard, with the exception of Charleston. Nevertheless, with important lessons learned in previous combined operations, the U.S. Army and Navy made plans to capture Wilmington with a large-scale combined operation.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804756662
- eISBN:
- 9780804770965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804756662.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter focuses on the issue of military unification. By 1944, the Army and the Army Air Forces strongly supported the unification of the services, while the Navy and Marine Corps firmly opposed ...
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This chapter focuses on the issue of military unification. By 1944, the Army and the Army Air Forces strongly supported the unification of the services, while the Navy and Marine Corps firmly opposed it. Although the heat generated by this interservice dispute might lead one to believe that this had been a longstanding disagreement, such was not the case. In fact, for most of the interwar period, the Army and Navy had been united in their opposition to military unification. The Navy's concern that if it were forced into a unified department with the Army, its air arm at best would be subsumed by the Army Air Forces as a minor aviation element, and at worst would be eliminated entirely, appeared a highly realistic one. Other Navy concerns, such as those relating to how national defense policy and military strategy would be effectively created and managed under a system guided by a single Chief of Staff and a Joint General Staff, were forming but were still largely inchoate at this time. They would become fully formed and much more prominent during 1945.Less
This chapter focuses on the issue of military unification. By 1944, the Army and the Army Air Forces strongly supported the unification of the services, while the Navy and Marine Corps firmly opposed it. Although the heat generated by this interservice dispute might lead one to believe that this had been a longstanding disagreement, such was not the case. In fact, for most of the interwar period, the Army and Navy had been united in their opposition to military unification. The Navy's concern that if it were forced into a unified department with the Army, its air arm at best would be subsumed by the Army Air Forces as a minor aviation element, and at worst would be eliminated entirely, appeared a highly realistic one. Other Navy concerns, such as those relating to how national defense policy and military strategy would be effectively created and managed under a system guided by a single Chief of Staff and a Joint General Staff, were forming but were still largely inchoate at this time. They would become fully formed and much more prominent during 1945.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804756662
- eISBN:
- 9780804770965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804756662.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter discusses the events following the resignation of James Forrestal as Secretary of Defense in March 1949. Forrestal's replacement, Louis Johnson, cancelled the Navy's plans to build the ...
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This chapter discusses the events following the resignation of James Forrestal as Secretary of Defense in March 1949. Forrestal's replacement, Louis Johnson, cancelled the Navy's plans to build the flush-deck aircraft carrier United States, which eventually led to the resignation of Navy Secretary John Sullivan. The appointment of Francis Matthews as Sullivan's replacement, and senior naval officers' lack of confidence in his abilities, spurred the secretive distribution of the Anonymous Document to selected members of Congress. The document castigated the Air Force's procurement of the B-36 bomber. While this action was the work of two individuals in the Navy Department, people on the outside, including the senior leaders of the Army and Air Force, were convinced that the entire Navy Department had been behind the scheme. This set the stage for renewed interservice fighting over issues of military strategy and the place of the Navy in national defense.Less
This chapter discusses the events following the resignation of James Forrestal as Secretary of Defense in March 1949. Forrestal's replacement, Louis Johnson, cancelled the Navy's plans to build the flush-deck aircraft carrier United States, which eventually led to the resignation of Navy Secretary John Sullivan. The appointment of Francis Matthews as Sullivan's replacement, and senior naval officers' lack of confidence in his abilities, spurred the secretive distribution of the Anonymous Document to selected members of Congress. The document castigated the Air Force's procurement of the B-36 bomber. While this action was the work of two individuals in the Navy Department, people on the outside, including the senior leaders of the Army and Air Force, were convinced that the entire Navy Department had been behind the scheme. This set the stage for renewed interservice fighting over issues of military strategy and the place of the Navy in national defense.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804756662
- eISBN:
- 9780804770965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804756662.003.0021
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter considers the U.S. Navy's activities in the early years of the Cold War. From 1945 through 1955, the Navy successfully adapted to the changed circumstances of the U.S.–USSR relationship, ...
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This chapter considers the U.S. Navy's activities in the early years of the Cold War. From 1945 through 1955, the Navy successfully adapted to the changed circumstances of the U.S.–USSR relationship, which is, in large part, a testament to the professional competence of the vast majority of senior officers and civilian leaders who served the Navy during these difficult years. The Navy's fight to retain its independence during the Truman administration's push for service unification, and the international crises that arose during this ten-year period, are also discussed.Less
This chapter considers the U.S. Navy's activities in the early years of the Cold War. From 1945 through 1955, the Navy successfully adapted to the changed circumstances of the U.S.–USSR relationship, which is, in large part, a testament to the professional competence of the vast majority of senior officers and civilian leaders who served the Navy during these difficult years. The Navy's fight to retain its independence during the Truman administration's push for service unification, and the international crises that arose during this ten-year period, are also discussed.
William Reynolds Braisted
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032887
- eISBN:
- 9780813038223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032887.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter examines the challenges posed by the upper Yangtze River for the U.S. Navy's Asiatic Fleet deployed to China for diplomatic purposes. In explains that aside from its numerous ...
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This chapter examines the challenges posed by the upper Yangtze River for the U.S. Navy's Asiatic Fleet deployed to China for diplomatic purposes. In explains that aside from its numerous tributaries, the Yangtze River was the most troubled stretch within the Yangtze River Patrol Force's sphere of operations. It was suspected that in this area warlords and robbers agreed to share protection money, and the robber bandits thus became de facto units of the warlord's army.Less
This chapter examines the challenges posed by the upper Yangtze River for the U.S. Navy's Asiatic Fleet deployed to China for diplomatic purposes. In explains that aside from its numerous tributaries, the Yangtze River was the most troubled stretch within the Yangtze River Patrol Force's sphere of operations. It was suspected that in this area warlords and robbers agreed to share protection money, and the robber bandits thus became de facto units of the warlord's army.
William Reynolds Braisted
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032887
- eISBN:
- 9780813038223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032887.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter examines the deployment of the U.S. Navy Asiatic Fleet in the Far East during the years between the world wars. It was deployed not as an instrument of war but for diplomatic purposes. ...
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This chapter examines the deployment of the U.S. Navy Asiatic Fleet in the Far East during the years between the world wars. It was deployed not as an instrument of war but for diplomatic purposes. Its missions were to cooperate with the Army in defense of the Philippines against a Japanese attack and to protect American persons, property, and other interests in China.Less
This chapter examines the deployment of the U.S. Navy Asiatic Fleet in the Far East during the years between the world wars. It was deployed not as an instrument of war but for diplomatic purposes. Its missions were to cooperate with the Army in defense of the Philippines against a Japanese attack and to protect American persons, property, and other interests in China.
William Reynolds Braisted
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032887
- eISBN:
- 9780813038223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032887.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter examines the so-called China United in 1929. The Chinese unity was celebrated after the fall of North China to the Nationalists and their allies, the establishment of the Nationalist ...
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This chapter examines the so-called China United in 1929. The Chinese unity was celebrated after the fall of North China to the Nationalists and their allies, the establishment of the Nationalist capital at Nanking, and the entombment of the remains of Sun Yat-sen on Purple Mountain behind Nanking. The situation would have ended the role of the U.S. Navy in China as a peacekeeper and protector of American lives and property. However, Finance Minister T.V. Soong revealed that the Nanking government collected taxes only in four provinces of the lower Yangtze Valley and that it had neither sufficient funding to maintain nor the means to disband the soldiers who remained a source of continuing unrest.Less
This chapter examines the so-called China United in 1929. The Chinese unity was celebrated after the fall of North China to the Nationalists and their allies, the establishment of the Nationalist capital at Nanking, and the entombment of the remains of Sun Yat-sen on Purple Mountain behind Nanking. The situation would have ended the role of the U.S. Navy in China as a peacekeeper and protector of American lives and property. However, Finance Minister T.V. Soong revealed that the Nanking government collected taxes only in four provinces of the lower Yangtze Valley and that it had neither sufficient funding to maintain nor the means to disband the soldiers who remained a source of continuing unrest.
William P. Leeman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807833834
- eISBN:
- 9781469604039
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807895825_leeman.10
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter discusses the significant decline in popularity experienced by the U.S. Navy after basking in the glory of its outstanding performance in the War of 1812. It also suffered from neglect ...
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This chapter discusses the significant decline in popularity experienced by the U.S. Navy after basking in the glory of its outstanding performance in the War of 1812. It also suffered from neglect by the federal government despite performing a wide range of important missions in service to the nation. Public indifference led to a loss of morale within the naval officer corps similar to that experienced by army officers. In the midst of this largely negative atmosphere, however, the navy was able to make strides toward greater professionalism in the 1830s and 1840s. No longer receiving the acclaim they had enjoyed after the War of 1812, naval officers increasingly closed ranks and looked within their own community for professional fulfillment. Led by a group of progressive reformers within the officer corps, more and more naval officers made it their goal to transform the naval service into a true profession through intellectual and moral improvement.Less
This chapter discusses the significant decline in popularity experienced by the U.S. Navy after basking in the glory of its outstanding performance in the War of 1812. It also suffered from neglect by the federal government despite performing a wide range of important missions in service to the nation. Public indifference led to a loss of morale within the naval officer corps similar to that experienced by army officers. In the midst of this largely negative atmosphere, however, the navy was able to make strides toward greater professionalism in the 1830s and 1840s. No longer receiving the acclaim they had enjoyed after the War of 1812, naval officers increasingly closed ranks and looked within their own community for professional fulfillment. Led by a group of progressive reformers within the officer corps, more and more naval officers made it their goal to transform the naval service into a true profession through intellectual and moral improvement.
Peter V. Nash
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813033679
- eISBN:
- 9780813038711
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813033679.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter draws some conclusions that place the key period between 1945 and 1953 into context, particularly in terms of its enduring legacy upon future developments for mobile logistic support. ...
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This chapter draws some conclusions that place the key period between 1945 and 1953 into context, particularly in terms of its enduring legacy upon future developments for mobile logistic support. This book has suggested that the Royal Navy and the U.S. Navy had neither the need nor motivation during the interwar period, or for that matter even in the early years of World War II, to foresee the full strategic and logistic ramifications of carrier-based air support for amphibious landings in the Western Pacific. The central premise underpinning this book is that the logistic challenges confronting both the armies in 1945 required such innovative solutions that their successful outcome was not only the most radical turning point in the history of mobile logistic support, but their execution also formed the yardstick by which foreseeable future mobile logistic support (particularly for carrier-based warfare) was to be judged.Less
This chapter draws some conclusions that place the key period between 1945 and 1953 into context, particularly in terms of its enduring legacy upon future developments for mobile logistic support. This book has suggested that the Royal Navy and the U.S. Navy had neither the need nor motivation during the interwar period, or for that matter even in the early years of World War II, to foresee the full strategic and logistic ramifications of carrier-based air support for amphibious landings in the Western Pacific. The central premise underpinning this book is that the logistic challenges confronting both the armies in 1945 required such innovative solutions that their successful outcome was not only the most radical turning point in the history of mobile logistic support, but their execution also formed the yardstick by which foreseeable future mobile logistic support (particularly for carrier-based warfare) was to be judged.
