Adrienne Lehrer
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195307931
- eISBN:
- 9780199867493
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307931.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics
The purpose of the next experiments was to see if non-expert subjects would develop a common wine vocabulary which they used consensually if they met regularly for eight months to drink and discuss ...
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The purpose of the next experiments was to see if non-expert subjects would develop a common wine vocabulary which they used consensually if they met regularly for eight months to drink and discuss wine and wine words. At each session three or four wines were served, and tasks were performed, similar to those used with the Stanford subjects. Afterwards the wines and the descriptors were discussed. Discussions were tape-recorded and analyzed. Tasks carried out at the beginning of the year were replicated with the same wines at the end. Although these results showed no over-all group consensus, subjects reported that they learned a great deal about wines and wine-language and that they could understand the descriptions of the other subjects better, even if they did not use the same descriptors.Less
The purpose of the next experiments was to see if non-expert subjects would develop a common wine vocabulary which they used consensually if they met regularly for eight months to drink and discuss wine and wine words. At each session three or four wines were served, and tasks were performed, similar to those used with the Stanford subjects. Afterwards the wines and the descriptors were discussed. Discussions were tape-recorded and analyzed. Tasks carried out at the beginning of the year were replicated with the same wines at the end. Although these results showed no over-all group consensus, subjects reported that they learned a great deal about wines and wine-language and that they could understand the descriptions of the other subjects better, even if they did not use the same descriptors.
Odie B. Faul
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195083514
- eISBN:
- 9780199854141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083514.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter describes the events preceding the final Geronimo campaign, marked by the flight of Geronimo and his renegades. Since the departure of John Glum from San Carlos in 1877, relations ...
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This chapter describes the events preceding the final Geronimo campaign, marked by the flight of Geronimo and his renegades. Since the departure of John Glum from San Carlos in 1877, relations between agents and Apaches had deteriorated badly. Then in the early 1880s, as the Chiricahuas were forced back on this reservation, functionaries in the Indian Bureau decreed that these proud warriors become farmers. The proud Apaches were reduced to living on rations provided for them by the Indian Office through the resident agent at each reservation, allowing the Tucson Ring to get rich through connivance. Every positive measure George Crook applied to quell the Indian displeasure was hampered by bureaucratic inefficiency in Washington, where the Tucson Ring had influence.Less
This chapter describes the events preceding the final Geronimo campaign, marked by the flight of Geronimo and his renegades. Since the departure of John Glum from San Carlos in 1877, relations between agents and Apaches had deteriorated badly. Then in the early 1880s, as the Chiricahuas were forced back on this reservation, functionaries in the Indian Bureau decreed that these proud warriors become farmers. The proud Apaches were reduced to living on rations provided for them by the Indian Office through the resident agent at each reservation, allowing the Tucson Ring to get rich through connivance. Every positive measure George Crook applied to quell the Indian displeasure was hampered by bureaucratic inefficiency in Washington, where the Tucson Ring had influence.
Lawrence J. Vale
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- December 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190624330
- eISBN:
- 9780190624361
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190624330.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
At a time when lower-income Americans face a desperate struggle to find affordable rental housing in many cities, After the Projects investigates the contested spatial politics of public housing ...
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At a time when lower-income Americans face a desperate struggle to find affordable rental housing in many cities, After the Projects investigates the contested spatial politics of public housing development and redevelopment. Public housing practices differ markedly from city to city and, collectively, reveal deeply held American attitudes about poverty and how the poorest should be governed. The book exposes the range of outcomes from the US federal government’s HOPE VI program for public housing transformation, focused on nuanced accounts of four very different ways of implementing this same national initiative—in Boston, New Orleans, Tucson, and San Francisco. It draws upon more than two hundred interviews, analysis of internal documents about each project, and nearly fifteen years of visits to these neighborhoods. The central aim is to understand how and why some cities, when redeveloping public housing, have attempted to minimize the presence of the poorest residents in their new mixed-income communities, while other cities have instead tried to serve the maximum number of extremely low-income households. The book shows that these socially and politically revealing decisions are rooted in distinctly different kinds of governance constellations—each yielding quite different sorts of community pressures. These have been forged over many decades in response to each city’s own struggle with previous efforts at urban renewal. In contrast to other books that have focused on housing in a single city, this volume offers comparative analysis and a national picture, while also discussing four emblematic communities with an unprecedented level of detail.Less
At a time when lower-income Americans face a desperate struggle to find affordable rental housing in many cities, After the Projects investigates the contested spatial politics of public housing development and redevelopment. Public housing practices differ markedly from city to city and, collectively, reveal deeply held American attitudes about poverty and how the poorest should be governed. The book exposes the range of outcomes from the US federal government’s HOPE VI program for public housing transformation, focused on nuanced accounts of four very different ways of implementing this same national initiative—in Boston, New Orleans, Tucson, and San Francisco. It draws upon more than two hundred interviews, analysis of internal documents about each project, and nearly fifteen years of visits to these neighborhoods. The central aim is to understand how and why some cities, when redeveloping public housing, have attempted to minimize the presence of the poorest residents in their new mixed-income communities, while other cities have instead tried to serve the maximum number of extremely low-income households. The book shows that these socially and politically revealing decisions are rooted in distinctly different kinds of governance constellations—each yielding quite different sorts of community pressures. These have been forged over many decades in response to each city’s own struggle with previous efforts at urban renewal. In contrast to other books that have focused on housing in a single city, this volume offers comparative analysis and a national picture, while also discussing four emblematic communities with an unprecedented level of detail.
Lawrence J. Vale
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- December 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190624330
- eISBN:
- 9780190624361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190624330.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
Chapters 8 and 9 consider the case of Tucson, which reveals a third possible approach to public housing governance and redevelopment, typifying the Publica Major constellation. This shows what can ...
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Chapters 8 and 9 consider the case of Tucson, which reveals a third possible approach to public housing governance and redevelopment, typifying the Publica Major constellation. This shows what can happen when responsibility for public housing remains more wholly vested in a well-functioning public sector, subject neither to the whims of private developers, as in New Orleans, nor to the sway of empowered low-income tenants, as in Boston. Chapter 8 narrates the complex and reluctant emergence of Tucson’s two-hundred-unit Connie Chambers public housing project, completed in 1967 as a supplement to an earlier project known as La Reforma. Public housing growth remained inseparable from the deeply contested process of urban renewal that decimated eighty acres of the Mexican American downtown barrio and purged its residents. Those contemplating redevelopment of Connie Chambers, which was forged in lingering controversy, knew that they could not repeat the earlier ethnically motivated displacement.Less
Chapters 8 and 9 consider the case of Tucson, which reveals a third possible approach to public housing governance and redevelopment, typifying the Publica Major constellation. This shows what can happen when responsibility for public housing remains more wholly vested in a well-functioning public sector, subject neither to the whims of private developers, as in New Orleans, nor to the sway of empowered low-income tenants, as in Boston. Chapter 8 narrates the complex and reluctant emergence of Tucson’s two-hundred-unit Connie Chambers public housing project, completed in 1967 as a supplement to an earlier project known as La Reforma. Public housing growth remained inseparable from the deeply contested process of urban renewal that decimated eighty acres of the Mexican American downtown barrio and purged its residents. Those contemplating redevelopment of Connie Chambers, which was forged in lingering controversy, knew that they could not repeat the earlier ethnically motivated displacement.
Patricia A. Gilman, Elizabeth M. Toney, and Nicholas H. Beale
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813042428
- eISBN:
- 9780813043074
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813042428.003.0006
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
One focus of recent research on early agriculture (Late Archaic period—2000 B.C.–A.D. 150) in the southern Southwest of the United States and northwestern Mexico has been the debate surrounding the ...
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One focus of recent research on early agriculture (Late Archaic period—2000 B.C.–A.D. 150) in the southern Southwest of the United States and northwestern Mexico has been the debate surrounding the impact of these early farmers on their landscapes. In at least two places, the Tucson Basin in southern Arizona and northern Chihuahua in northwest Mexico, agriculture was relatively intensive, while in others such as the San Simon Basin in southeastern Arizona, it apparently was not. Using an historical ecology perspective, we examine the likely impact of early agriculture using faunal and projectile point data from the Tucson Basin, northern Chihuahua, and the San Simon Basin. Our analysis suggests that these early farmers had less impact on their landscapes than expected.Less
One focus of recent research on early agriculture (Late Archaic period—2000 B.C.–A.D. 150) in the southern Southwest of the United States and northwestern Mexico has been the debate surrounding the impact of these early farmers on their landscapes. In at least two places, the Tucson Basin in southern Arizona and northern Chihuahua in northwest Mexico, agriculture was relatively intensive, while in others such as the San Simon Basin in southeastern Arizona, it apparently was not. Using an historical ecology perspective, we examine the likely impact of early agriculture using faunal and projectile point data from the Tucson Basin, northern Chihuahua, and the San Simon Basin. Our analysis suggests that these early farmers had less impact on their landscapes than expected.
Stephen DeStefano and Charlene M. Webster
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780520273092
- eISBN:
- 9780520953895
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520273092.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
Greater roadrunners (Geococcyx californianus) have a secretive nature that makes accurate surveys a challenge. However, they draw much attention from residents and visitors. We used public-sighting ...
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Greater roadrunners (Geococcyx californianus) have a secretive nature that makes accurate surveys a challenge. However, they draw much attention from residents and visitors. We used public-sighting information and researcher-based, randomly distributed surveys to document roadrunner locations in metropolitan Tucson, Arizona (USA), and to explore the biases inherent in public information surveys. The general pattern of distribution of roadrunner sightings was similar in both public and researcher surveys, with distribution in a broad band around the edge of Tucson with few or no sightings in the city center. Public-survey information provided a great deal of usable data quickly and inexpensively but reflected where people saw and reported roadrunners. Interpretations of relative abundance or habitat preference need to be made cautiously.Less
Greater roadrunners (Geococcyx californianus) have a secretive nature that makes accurate surveys a challenge. However, they draw much attention from residents and visitors. We used public-sighting information and researcher-based, randomly distributed surveys to document roadrunner locations in metropolitan Tucson, Arizona (USA), and to explore the biases inherent in public information surveys. The general pattern of distribution of roadrunner sightings was similar in both public and researcher surveys, with distribution in a broad band around the edge of Tucson with few or no sightings in the city center. Public-survey information provided a great deal of usable data quickly and inexpensively but reflected where people saw and reported roadrunners. Interpretations of relative abundance or habitat preference need to be made cautiously.
Rachel E. McCaffrey, Will R. Turner, and Amanda J. Borens
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780520273092
- eISBN:
- 9780520953895
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520273092.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
Cities are playing an increasingly important role in supporting local biodiversity, but more information on sustaining native species in these areas is needed. The Tucson Bird Count (TBC) is a ...
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Cities are playing an increasingly important role in supporting local biodiversity, but more information on sustaining native species in these areas is needed. The Tucson Bird Count (TBC) is a program based on repeated, systematic volunteer bird surveys that represents a novel approach to monitoring urban birds, covering approximately one thousand sites throughout the Tucson, Arizona (USA), metropolitan area. Here, we explore how TBC data can be used to assess habitat relationships, focusing on Abert's towhee (Pipilo aberti). Comparisons among the local Christmas Bird Count and the two TBC programs highlight the importance of isolated habitat islands to the persistence of some species. Finally, we discuss the ability of the TBC to serve as a model for other urban bird-monitoring programs.Less
Cities are playing an increasingly important role in supporting local biodiversity, but more information on sustaining native species in these areas is needed. The Tucson Bird Count (TBC) is a program based on repeated, systematic volunteer bird surveys that represents a novel approach to monitoring urban birds, covering approximately one thousand sites throughout the Tucson, Arizona (USA), metropolitan area. Here, we explore how TBC data can be used to assess habitat relationships, focusing on Abert's towhee (Pipilo aberti). Comparisons among the local Christmas Bird Count and the two TBC programs highlight the importance of isolated habitat islands to the persistence of some species. Finally, we discuss the ability of the TBC to serve as a model for other urban bird-monitoring programs.
Lawrence J. Vale
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- December 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190624330
- eISBN:
- 9780190624361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190624330.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
Chapter 9 chronicles the demise of Tucson’s Connie Chambers project during the 1980s and its replacement by Posadas Sentinel. The city’s Community Services Department (CSD) used HOPE VI to redevelop ...
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Chapter 9 chronicles the demise of Tucson’s Connie Chambers project during the 1980s and its replacement by Posadas Sentinel. The city’s Community Services Department (CSD) used HOPE VI to redevelop the property as Posadas Sentinel, part of a wider revitalization effort in the surrounding barrio. Acutely conscious of neighborhood critics who feared further insensitive urban renewal, the city assiduously worked to maximize housing opportunities for residents of Connie Chambers. As with Orchard Gardens but unlike River Garden, Tucson’s city leaders premised the redevelopment on occupancy by very low-income households, while seeking other ways to diversify range of incomes. The CSD replaced all two hundred public housing units but, rather than put these all back into the original barrio site, took advantage of the city’s peculiar housing market and scattered much of the housing across the city by purchasing homes in a variety of new or vacant subdivisions.Less
Chapter 9 chronicles the demise of Tucson’s Connie Chambers project during the 1980s and its replacement by Posadas Sentinel. The city’s Community Services Department (CSD) used HOPE VI to redevelop the property as Posadas Sentinel, part of a wider revitalization effort in the surrounding barrio. Acutely conscious of neighborhood critics who feared further insensitive urban renewal, the city assiduously worked to maximize housing opportunities for residents of Connie Chambers. As with Orchard Gardens but unlike River Garden, Tucson’s city leaders premised the redevelopment on occupancy by very low-income households, while seeking other ways to diversify range of incomes. The CSD replaced all two hundred public housing units but, rather than put these all back into the original barrio site, took advantage of the city’s peculiar housing market and scattered much of the housing across the city by purchasing homes in a variety of new or vacant subdivisions.
Lawrence J. Vale
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- December 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190624330
- eISBN:
- 9780190624361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190624330.003.0016
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
Chapter 13 revisits the four constellations—Publica Major, the Big Developer, Nonprofitus, and Plebs—to compare the four places discussed in the book. These cities of stars reveal how HOPE VI affects ...
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Chapter 13 revisits the four constellations—Publica Major, the Big Developer, Nonprofitus, and Plebs—to compare the four places discussed in the book. These cities of stars reveal how HOPE VI affects governance in two settings: the phased implementation of projects and the management of completed neighborhoods. The relative power of public, private, not-for-profit, and community voices constrains project pace and shapes how much to prioritize on-site rehousing of the existing extremely low-income community. And, following on this, the second key arena of poverty governance entails decisions about selecting and managing residents in the completed development. Reflecting on the lived reality of the four communities provides an opportunity to revisit the stated rationales for income mixing. The chapter assesses the difficulties of redeveloping public housing in the context of ongoing (self-inflicted) economic austerity and lingering resentments and concludes by examining emergent directions for housing and planning policy.Less
Chapter 13 revisits the four constellations—Publica Major, the Big Developer, Nonprofitus, and Plebs—to compare the four places discussed in the book. These cities of stars reveal how HOPE VI affects governance in two settings: the phased implementation of projects and the management of completed neighborhoods. The relative power of public, private, not-for-profit, and community voices constrains project pace and shapes how much to prioritize on-site rehousing of the existing extremely low-income community. And, following on this, the second key arena of poverty governance entails decisions about selecting and managing residents in the completed development. Reflecting on the lived reality of the four communities provides an opportunity to revisit the stated rationales for income mixing. The chapter assesses the difficulties of redeveloping public housing in the context of ongoing (self-inflicted) economic austerity and lingering resentments and concludes by examining emergent directions for housing and planning policy.
Julia G. Young
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190205003
- eISBN:
- 9780190205027
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190205003.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
During the war years, Mexican Cristero supporters in the United States began participating in a variety of activities in order to back the religious uprising. This chapter describes these efforts, ...
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During the war years, Mexican Cristero supporters in the United States began participating in a variety of activities in order to back the religious uprising. This chapter describes these efforts, which included public processions and marches, publicity campaigns, arms smuggling, recruitment of soldiers, and military revolts along the US-Mexico border. Using previously unexamined archival evidence from both Mexico and the United States, this chapter demonstrates how seemingly separate groups of emigrants collaborated and competed in order to advance their political and religious goals for their home country. Furthermore, it illustrates that the efforts of pro-Cristero emigrants to provide material support to their compatriots in the battlefields of west-central Mexico (through gunrunning and armed uprisings on the border) affected the development, if not the ultimate outcome, of the Cristero War.Less
During the war years, Mexican Cristero supporters in the United States began participating in a variety of activities in order to back the religious uprising. This chapter describes these efforts, which included public processions and marches, publicity campaigns, arms smuggling, recruitment of soldiers, and military revolts along the US-Mexico border. Using previously unexamined archival evidence from both Mexico and the United States, this chapter demonstrates how seemingly separate groups of emigrants collaborated and competed in order to advance their political and religious goals for their home country. Furthermore, it illustrates that the efforts of pro-Cristero emigrants to provide material support to their compatriots in the battlefields of west-central Mexico (through gunrunning and armed uprisings on the border) affected the development, if not the ultimate outcome, of the Cristero War.
