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Many forest management institutions and the ideologies that govern them, all hallmarks of modern states, were produced in Southeast Asia in the crucible of war. Insurgencies, ethnic wars, and “Cold Wars” in the tropics shaped institutions and practices, because “jungles” were their front lines. Although the direct impacts of war on forests are well-known, indirect and institutional effects of war and an array of “medium hard “technologies of power, such as forced relocation ( strategic hamlets), state colonization of historical territories (resettlement and transmigration), criminalization of traditional practices (edicts against the use of fire, shifting cultivation, etc.), exclusion of local populations from their traditional resource terrains (national park and forest legislation), and the transformations of bureaucratic/ military structures and surveillance for the management forests, are barely documented. This chapter focuses on the institutional dimensions of war in the creation of forest politics that exclude traditional ethnic or “racialized” populations. It further argues that war, insurgency, and counter-insurgency contributed to the resurgence of forests in many areas.

This chapter examines how Britain profited from the foreign component of the passenger trade through the employment of foreign-born agents in the development of British business ventures. It considers the role of commercial agents, translators, and lodging-house keepers on land, and merchant marines, Lascar seamen, and various maritime crew at sea, in effort to determine how pivotal foreign-born labour was to the British shipping industry. It argues that without the aid of foreign-born agents, British shipping companies would have lost their competitive international advantage fairly quickly. By analysing the British emigration market over the course of the nineteenth century; the activity of British ports; and actions of British shipping companies including Cunard and White Star, it concludes that foreign agents ensured that the revolution in transoceanic passenger shipping flowed through British companies, rectifying the historical assumption that foreign agents took advantage of the British market.

This chapter offers a reading of five novels by science fiction writer Philip K. Dick: Radio Free Albemuth, Valis, The Divine Invasion, The Transmigration of Timothy Archer, and Confessions of a Crap Artist. The Valis trilogy—Valis, The Divine Invasion, and The Transmigration of Timothy Archer—breaks and keeps apart the metabolic or generic phases originally mixed up in Radio Free Albemuth, Dick’s first attempt to give form to his 1974 breakthrough and summary perceptions. The chapter examines the endopsychic allegories that are evident in all five novels. It considers endopsychic perception and how it drives or meets half way Sigmund Freud’s work of analogy in the theorization of the transference, a work commensurate with that of mourning, through which the psyche builds up to or through our ongoing technologization.