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Dynamics of Consumer-Resource Systems with Discrete Reproduction: Multiple Resources and Confronting Model Predictions with Empirical Data

André M. de Roos and Lennart Persson

in Population and Community Ecology of Ontogenetic Development

This chapter considers models where processes like foraging, metabolism, and mortality are continuous, whereas reproduction is assumed to take place as a discrete event at the start of the growth ... More

This chapter considers models where processes like foraging, metabolism, and mortality are continuous, whereas reproduction is assumed to take place as a discrete event at the start of the growth season. The assumption of discrete reproduction is relevant for many organisms living in seasonal environments (winter/summer, dry/wet seasons). The use of several time scales means that the analysis of the dynamics in this chapter will be restricted to simulations using the Escalator Boxcar Train (EBT) framework. The EBT is specifically designed to handle the numerical integration of the equations that occur in physiologically structured models using ordinary differential equations and is particularly well suited for systems with discrete reproduction.Less

The Freedom Train

Wendy L. Wall

in Inventing the "American Way": The Politics of Consensus from the New Deal to the Civil Rights Movement

This chapter explores the politics behind the most ambitious postwar effort to promote a consensual vision of the nation: the Freedom Train of the late 1940s. Conceived in office of Attorney General ... More

This chapter explores the politics behind the most ambitious postwar effort to promote a consensual vision of the nation: the Freedom Train of the late 1940s. Conceived in office of Attorney General Tom Clark, orchestrated by advertising and movie executives, and financed by America’s largest corporations, the Freedom Train and accompanying media blitz portrayed a nation at once unified, inclusive and consensual. But this veneer of unity concealed an ongoing contest over America’s core values—a contest symbolized by the decision to downplay the controversial word “democracy” in the campaign. Under the banner of “freedom,” the train's organizers promoted interfaith cooperation and business-labor harmony, even as they arranged to have leftists who protested the train arrested. But as the train entered the South, those who had hoped to portray a nation devoid of social strife found themselves drawn into a head-on conflict with blacks and southern civic leaders over the issue of segregation. (151)Less

Crusading for Freedom at Home and Abroad

Wendy L. Wall

in Inventing the "American Way": The Politics of Consensus from the New Deal to the Civil Rights Movement

Beginning in the late 1940s, government officials and an array of private elites worked to enlist civil society in general—and immigrants and their children in particular—in efforts to project the ... More

Beginning in the late 1940s, government officials and an array of private elites worked to enlist civil society in general—and immigrants and their children in particular—in efforts to project the “American Way” overseas. This chapter focuses on four such efforts at public diplomacy: the Friendship Train which collected foodstuffs for Italy and France; the “Letters to Italy” and “Letters from America” campaigns, both designed to persuade immigrants to write friends and family in the Old Country; and the massive Crusade for Freedom of the 1950s, which mobilized public support for Radio Free Europe. Such efforts should be understood, not simply as weapons in the Cold War, but as part of the process of constructing a domestic consensus on America’s core values. Organizers of these efforts sought to develop in Americans a “greater awareness” of their own blessings and to convince all Americans that they stood on the front lines in the battle against communism.Less

Get Out or Get Involved: Revolutionary Change and Conflicting Visions of Freedom

Andrea J. Queeley

John M. Kirk (ed.)

in Rescuing Our Roots: The African Anglo-Caribbean Diaspora in Contemporary Cuba

Chapter 2 explores the impact of the 1959 revolution on Anglo-Caribbean communities through the recollections of the children and grandchildren of immigrants who came of age in the early ... More

Chapter 2 explores the impact of the 1959 revolution on Anglo-Caribbean communities through the recollections of the children and grandchildren of immigrants who came of age in the early revolutionary period. Contrary to both popular and scholarly discourse, immigrants and their Cuban-born children were politically involved. Queeley presents multiple narratives of revolutionary political activism and argues that immigrants and their Cuban-born children occupied difficult positions as people closely associated with the U.S. presence. This was a period in which the institutions that the immigrants founded went into decline due to migration, exile on the naval base, youth disinterest, revolutionary fervor, and government repression. The author pays specific attention to gendered interpretations of revolutionary opportunity and freedom. She also argues that this period saw the overall collapse of diasporic space, though there were certain exceptions such as the access of Guantánamo residents to the Black American television show Soul Train.Less

The Transport

John K. Stutterheim

in The Diary of Prisoner 17326: A Boy's Life in a Japanese Labor Camp

The events of this chapter take place over the first two days in which the author and his family are transported from their home village to imprisonment. Along the way, the author is subjected to ... More

The events of this chapter take place over the first two days in which the author and his family are transported from their home village to imprisonment. Along the way, the author is subjected to extreme heat in the carriages, overcrowding, a bombing threat, and unsafe conditions. In the midst of all these hardships, he details the struggles of those around him to hold their lives together in the stifling silence that pervades their journey.Less

The Opposing Transport Systems

Charles R. Shrader

in A War of Logistics: Parachutes and Porters in Indochina, 1945-1954

In Chapter 6, the author describes and compares the transportation systems of the two sides, particularly with respect to their adaptability to the climate, terrain, and operational environment in ... More

In Chapter 6, the author describes and compares the transportation systems of the two sides, particularly with respect to their adaptability to the climate, terrain, and operational environment in Indochina. The personnel, organization, and special challenges faced by the competing transport systems are discussed, as are the impacts of transport shortcomings on the outcome of operations.Less

Liberalism and American Stories of Peoplehood

Marc Stears

in Liberalism as Ideology: Essays in Honour of Michael Freeden

Opening by comparing Freeden’s approach to liberalism and that taken by Hartz in his celebrated Liberal Tradition in America, this chapter examines the status of liberal thinking in the US in the ... More

Opening by comparing Freeden’s approach to liberalism and that taken by Hartz in his celebrated Liberal Tradition in America, this chapter examines the status of liberal thinking in the US in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War. The chapter opens by reminding us that Hartz often presented liberalism as enjoying a dangerously hegemonic place in American theorizing. It then demonstrates, however, that many American public figures were deeply anxious about the erosion of popular liberal sentiment in postwar America, even producing mass civic festivals, such as the American Freedom Train, to try to inculcate liberal norms across American society. The chapter concludes by demonstrating the different ways in which Hartz and Freeden might understand this phenomenon, before concluding that the internally flexible, adaptable, and open-ended nature of American liberalism has enabled it to prevail across time, in ways that neither Hartz nor Freeden might fully appreciate individually.Less

On the American Stage

Sarah Morelli

in A Guru's Journey: Pandit Chitresh Das and Indian Classical Dance in Diaspora

This chapter situates Pandit Chitresh Das’s work within the history of first-generation Indian Americans and other South Asian culture bearers who helped influence US attitudes toward India’s culture ... More

This chapter situates Pandit Chitresh Das’s work within the history of first-generation Indian Americans and other South Asian culture bearers who helped influence US attitudes toward India’s culture and performing arts through the twentieth century. Like many who preceded him, Pandit Das experimented with various performative strategies to attract, educate, retain, and make his tradition comprehensible to audiences in the United States. This chapter considers two of his signature pieces, Twelve Minutes and The Train, in which he variously condensed and expanded on elements of the kathak tradition. With these and other innovations, Pandit Das worked to heighten the variety and virtuosity of his performances in response to the expectations of audiences and dance critics while remaining within the shifting, subjective parameters of tradition.Less

Damnable Conspiracies

R. Scott Huffard Jr.

in Engines of Redemption: Railroads and the Reconstruction of Capitalism in the New South

This chapter traces anxieties over railroad safety and train wrecks in the South, which had the nation’s most dangerous railroads by the 1890s. As carnage piled up on the South’s rail lines, ... More

This chapter traces anxieties over railroad safety and train wrecks in the South, which had the nation’s most dangerous railroads by the 1890s. As carnage piled up on the South’s rail lines, companies tried to shift blame to anonymous gangs of train wreckers as a strategy to avoid lawsuits and stave off attempts at state or federal regulation. The chapter uses two case studies of train wrecks – a wreck at Bostian Bridge in Statesville, NC and in Cahaba Creek in Alabama – to show how corporate lawyers and officials tried to perpetuate the myth of the train wrecker. The chapter gives quantitative data that shows how southern newspapers fuelled the panic over train wrecking. The chapter argues that this panic was racialized and many of the accused wreckers were African Americans that some of the same dynamics that led to lynchings. It closes with a discussion of train wreck balladsLess

Kesilir

John K. Stutterheim

in The Diary of Prisoner 17326: A Boy's Life in a Japanese Labor Camp

In this chapter, the author tells of how his family journeyed to the labour camp in which his father was being detained. Along the way, the author found himself seated on a train beneath cargo ... More

In this chapter, the author tells of how his family journeyed to the labour camp in which his father was being detained. Along the way, the author found himself seated on a train beneath cargo animals, walking through a Chinese settlement searching for a place to sleep, and riding a horse-drawn carriage along a dusty, unpaved road. When the author finally encounters his father, he tells of the sickly condition that his father's labour had inflicted on him, detailing the staggering amount of weight his father had lost. The chapter closes with a Japanese soldier truncating the reunion and the author's journey home.Less

Vadim Abdrashitov and Alexander Mindadze’s The Train Stopped (1982): Film as a Metaphor for Consciousness

Alyssa DeBlasio

in The Filmmaker's Philosopher: Merab Mamardashvili and Russian Cinema

Most of Mamardashvili’s direct commentary on film comes from “The Aesthetics of Thinking,” a lecture series he delivered to students at Tbilisi State University during the 1986–7 academic year. Most ... More

Most of Mamardashvili’s direct commentary on film comes from “The Aesthetics of Thinking,” a lecture series he delivered to students at Tbilisi State University during the 1986–7 academic year. Most of Mamardashvili’s specific cinematic examples, in turn, came primarily from two Soviet films: (1) Georgian director Tengiz Abuladze’s Repentance (1984), which was shelved by Soviet authorities until 1987; and (2) The Train Stopped (1982), director-writer team Vadim Abdrashitov and Alexander Mindadze’s fourth film. The preceding chapters have looked at films where we find the mark of Mamardashvili’s influence, ranging from direct connections to philosophical affinity across the genres of literature, philosophy, and film. This chapter is a study in a different kind of affinity: Mamardashvili’s use of film metaphors to describe contemporary problems of consciousness.Less

The Anti-Tourist: Jenny Diski's Skating to Antarctica and Stranger on a Train: Daydreaming and Smoking Around America with Interruptions

Heidi Slettedahl Macpherson

in Transatlantic Women's Literature

This chapter examines Jenny Diski's travel memoirs Skating to Antarctica and Stranger on a Train: Daydreaming and Smoking around America with Interruptions, suggesting that these works celebrate the ... More

This chapter examines Jenny Diski's travel memoirs Skating to Antarctica and Stranger on a Train: Daydreaming and Smoking around America with Interruptions, suggesting that these works celebrate the dislocating nature of travel and urge one to position oneself as an outsider, peering in (or, turning away). It argues that though Diski offered up a portrait of herself as knowing, she is also a withholding author, who played with the idea of discovery and revelation only to deny the ultimate effectiveness of both.Less

Re-Imagining the Practice of Law: Popular Twentieth-Century Fiction by American Lawyer/Authors

David Ray Papke

in Law and Popular Culture

This chapter examines the lives and works of five 20th-century American lawyers/authors. These lawyers/authors are Melville Davisson Post, Arthur Train, Erle Stanley Gardner, Scott Turrow, and John ... More

This chapter examines the lives and works of five 20th-century American lawyers/authors. These lawyers/authors are Melville Davisson Post, Arthur Train, Erle Stanley Gardner, Scott Turrow, and John Grisham. Though these authors abandoned the practice of law, the practice of law did not depart from their creative works which were replete with portrayals of lawyers and narratives of legal cases. This chapter analyses how these lawyers/authors re-imagined the practice of law in their fiction and the manner in which fiction by and about lawyers might appeal to American readers.Less

ARTIST | SURGEON: ‘You were my best work’

Jez Conolly and Emma Westwood

in Seconds

Discussion of the importance of artistry, be it through artistic creativity, surgical prowess or filmmaking choices, with an examination of the identity crisis experienced by post-war American middle ... More

Discussion of the importance of artistry, be it through artistic creativity, surgical prowess or filmmaking choices, with an examination of the identity crisis experienced by post-war American middle class working men.Less

“Flat Wheel Train Blues”—Nos. 1 and 2: Red Gay and Jack Wellman Brunswick 523

Tony Russell

in Rural Rhythm: The Story of Old-Time Country Music in 78 Records

This chapter discusses Red Gay, Jack Wellman, “Flat Wheel Train Blues”—No. 1 & 2, train songs, rural humor, old-time fiddling, Brunswick Records, location recording, and radio

A Country for Old Men: The South of Clyde Edgerton’s Early Novels

Robert Donahoo

in Rough South, Rural South: Region and Class in Recent Southern Literature

This chapter discusses Clyde Edgerton's early novels, whose characters define themselves and the essential nature of contemporary life in the South. If we accept Erik Bledsoe's description of the ... More

This chapter discusses Clyde Edgerton's early novels, whose characters define themselves and the essential nature of contemporary life in the South. If we accept Erik Bledsoe's description of the Rough South as “a world of excess—excessive alcohol, excessive sex, excessive violence,” the works of Edgerton hardly seem to qualify. Indeed, Yvonne Mason, in Reading, Learning, Teaching Clyde Edgerton, declares his work “infinitely suitable” for “young readers in the English Language Arts classroom”—an appraisal difficult to imagine for the fiction of Harry Crews or Larry Brown. Edgerton's first three novels—Raney (1985), Walking Across Egypt (1987), and The Floatplane Notebooks (1988)—offer a way to understand his South, a world that increasingly belongs to and is defined by aging and death. This chapter considers Edgerton's other works, including the novel The Night Train (2011), the memoir Solo: My Adventure in the Air (2005), and the nonfiction Papadaddy's Book for New Fathers: Advice to Dads of All Ages (2013).Less

Finessing the Interval

Michael Fisch

in An Anthropology of the Machine: Tokyo's Commuter Train Network

Chapter one traces the emergence of operation beyond capacity in Tokyo’s commuter train network as a schema of operation that evolves in conjunction with rapid urbanization over the course of a ... More

Chapter one traces the emergence of operation beyond capacity in Tokyo’s commuter train network as a schema of operation that evolves in conjunction with rapid urbanization over the course of a century in Japan. In tracing this history, the argument in the chapter delineates the specific collective nature of the commuter train network vis-a-vis its technicity, thus laying the groundwork for discussions in subsequent chapters. The central claim is that operation beyond capacity cannot be understood as the effect of an increasingly determined and precise system of technological and social organization. Rather, the chapter shows how with each phase of rapid urbanization the challenge to accommodate a larger number of commuters is met through a dynamic technique of “finessing the interval” that works to increase rather than restrict the degree of leeway in human and machine interaction.Less