Alessandra Lemma, Mary Target, and Peter Fonagy
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199602452
- eISBN:
- 9780191729232
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602452.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Health Psychology
Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy (DIT) is a brief psychodynamic psychotherapy developed for the treatment of mood disorders. It is being rolled out as part of the Improving Access to Psychological ...
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Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy (DIT) is a brief psychodynamic psychotherapy developed for the treatment of mood disorders. It is being rolled out as part of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) initiative as the psychodynamic model for the treatment of depression. This book is a practical guide for the implementation of a brief psychodynamic intervention in routine clinical practice as well as in research protocols. It sets out clearly the theoretical framework, as well as the rationale and strategies for applying DIT with patients presenting with mood disorders (depression and anxiety). Throughout, it is illustrated with examples that help with implementing the approach in practice.Less
Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy (DIT) is a brief psychodynamic psychotherapy developed for the treatment of mood disorders. It is being rolled out as part of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) initiative as the psychodynamic model for the treatment of depression. This book is a practical guide for the implementation of a brief psychodynamic intervention in routine clinical practice as well as in research protocols. It sets out clearly the theoretical framework, as well as the rationale and strategies for applying DIT with patients presenting with mood disorders (depression and anxiety). Throughout, it is illustrated with examples that help with implementing the approach in practice.
Michael Patrick Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195333527
- eISBN:
- 9780199868896
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195333527.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Chapter 5 presents a reading of David Lodge's novel Therapy (1995) in light of Balthasar's Theo‐logic. Lodge does well to illustrate that the erasure of God that preoccupies postmodern consciousness ...
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Chapter 5 presents a reading of David Lodge's novel Therapy (1995) in light of Balthasar's Theo‐logic. Lodge does well to illustrate that the erasure of God that preoccupies postmodern consciousness significantly affects contemporary conceptions about “subject formation” and “people in relation.” Lodge develops these themes by constructing a narrative that mirrors both the theological trajectory of Balthasar's tripartite program and the existential progression identified by the Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard—namely, the aesthetic, ethical, and religious “stages” of human experience. Importantly, a close consideration of Kierkegaard's stages reveals a direct analogy with the transcendentals, which, in turn, illuminates one of the many reasons why Balthasar admired Kierkegaard and why Lodge's novel is a fertile literary example of Balthasar's Theologic. By a close consideration of the triadic structure of being presented by a variety of sources, the chapter begins to discern how God's logic—how human logic—exists in a trinitarian dynamic.Less
Chapter 5 presents a reading of David Lodge's novel Therapy (1995) in light of Balthasar's Theo‐logic. Lodge does well to illustrate that the erasure of God that preoccupies postmodern consciousness significantly affects contemporary conceptions about “subject formation” and “people in relation.” Lodge develops these themes by constructing a narrative that mirrors both the theological trajectory of Balthasar's tripartite program and the existential progression identified by the Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard—namely, the aesthetic, ethical, and religious “stages” of human experience. Importantly, a close consideration of Kierkegaard's stages reveals a direct analogy with the transcendentals, which, in turn, illuminates one of the many reasons why Balthasar admired Kierkegaard and why Lodge's novel is a fertile literary example of Balthasar's Theologic. By a close consideration of the triadic structure of being presented by a variety of sources, the chapter begins to discern how God's logic—how human logic—exists in a trinitarian dynamic.
Harriet P. Lefley
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195340495
- eISBN:
- 9780199863792
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340495.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health, Children and Families
This chapter describes in detail the format, structure, and content areas of some of the major family psychoeducation (FPE) studies. Single and multi-family models and other adaptations are ...
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This chapter describes in detail the format, structure, and content areas of some of the major family psychoeducation (FPE) studies. Single and multi-family models and other adaptations are discussed. Initial research in the UK focused on reducing high expressed emotion (EE), but subsequently FPE was extended to low EE families as well based on families' self-assessed needs and problems. Seminal programs in the US evolved in Pittsburgh, California, and New York State. In Europe, the Optimal Treatment Project of Ian Falloon and associates continues as an international collaborative group to promote the routine use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for schizophrenia in clinical facilities, including FPE. Large sample studies indicate the efficacy of these bundled optimal treatments. Miklowitz and Goldstein's Family Focused Treatment for bipolar disorder is described. A final section on long-term effects ranging from seven-year to eleven-year follow-ups, in Germany, the UK, and Italy, showed positive effects.Less
This chapter describes in detail the format, structure, and content areas of some of the major family psychoeducation (FPE) studies. Single and multi-family models and other adaptations are discussed. Initial research in the UK focused on reducing high expressed emotion (EE), but subsequently FPE was extended to low EE families as well based on families' self-assessed needs and problems. Seminal programs in the US evolved in Pittsburgh, California, and New York State. In Europe, the Optimal Treatment Project of Ian Falloon and associates continues as an international collaborative group to promote the routine use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for schizophrenia in clinical facilities, including FPE. Large sample studies indicate the efficacy of these bundled optimal treatments. Miklowitz and Goldstein's Family Focused Treatment for bipolar disorder is described. A final section on long-term effects ranging from seven-year to eleven-year follow-ups, in Germany, the UK, and Italy, showed positive effects.
A. Blythe LaGasse and Michael H. Thaut
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199586974
- eISBN:
- 9780191738357
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586974.003.0012
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology, Health Psychology
This chapter discusses neuroscience and music research and how this research has informed the use of music in therapy for rehabilitation. First, it begins with evidence of cortical engagement when ...
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This chapter discusses neuroscience and music research and how this research has informed the use of music in therapy for rehabilitation. First, it begins with evidence of cortical engagement when listening and performing music. Second, it explores motor synchronization to rhythm. Third, it presents evidence of successful rehabilitation of sensorimotor, cognitive, and communication with populations including Parkinson's, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Finally, the chapter presents how this research has created and continues to inform the practice of Neurologic Music Therapy. This evidence, together, illustrates how the use of music therapy has shifted from a social science model to a neuroscience model and how the use of music in therapy can benefit people in rehabilitation.Less
This chapter discusses neuroscience and music research and how this research has informed the use of music in therapy for rehabilitation. First, it begins with evidence of cortical engagement when listening and performing music. Second, it explores motor synchronization to rhythm. Third, it presents evidence of successful rehabilitation of sensorimotor, cognitive, and communication with populations including Parkinson's, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Finally, the chapter presents how this research has created and continues to inform the practice of Neurologic Music Therapy. This evidence, together, illustrates how the use of music therapy has shifted from a social science model to a neuroscience model and how the use of music in therapy can benefit people in rehabilitation.
Bradley W. Vines
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199568086
- eISBN:
- 9780191731044
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568086.003.0019
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology, Social Psychology
Recent advances in experimental techniques have enabled researchers to identify the effects of music on the brain, body, and mind. Clinical scientists are beginning to explore the application of this ...
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Recent advances in experimental techniques have enabled researchers to identify the effects of music on the brain, body, and mind. Clinical scientists are beginning to explore the application of this knowledge for developing treatments aimed at activating particular areas of the brain, and eliciting other physiological changes that promote healing. This chapter focuses on one example of this trend towards reconnecting music with medicine: using singing to promote speech recovery after stroke. It includes an overview of basic research on the neuroscience of singing, how singing is related to the neuroscience of speech deficits, and a potential application of this knowledge in the form of a speech therapy for stroke patients with non-fluent aphasia: Melodic Intonation Therapy.Less
Recent advances in experimental techniques have enabled researchers to identify the effects of music on the brain, body, and mind. Clinical scientists are beginning to explore the application of this knowledge for developing treatments aimed at activating particular areas of the brain, and eliciting other physiological changes that promote healing. This chapter focuses on one example of this trend towards reconnecting music with medicine: using singing to promote speech recovery after stroke. It includes an overview of basic research on the neuroscience of singing, how singing is related to the neuroscience of speech deficits, and a potential application of this knowledge in the form of a speech therapy for stroke patients with non-fluent aphasia: Melodic Intonation Therapy.
David Bolton
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780719090998
- eISBN:
- 9781526128546
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719090998.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
What are the human consequences of war, conflict and terrorism, and what are the appropriate policy and service responses? This book seeks to provide some answers to these important questions, ...
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What are the human consequences of war, conflict and terrorism, and what are the appropriate policy and service responses? This book seeks to provide some answers to these important questions, drawing upon over 25 years’ work by the author in Northern Ireland and elsewhere. Focusing on the work undertaken following the Omagh bombing in 1998, the book describes how needs were assessed and understood, how evidence-based therapy services were put in place and the training and education programmes that were developed to assist first those communities affected by the Omagh bombing - and later the wider population affected by the years of conflict. The author places the mental health needs of conflict-affected victims and communities at the heart of the political and peace processes that follow when conflicts end. This is a practical book and will be of particular interest to those planning for and responding to conflict-related disasters and terrorism, policy makers, service commissioners and providers, politicians, diplomats, civil servants, leaders of religion, peace builders and peace makers. It also includes an extensive overview of the efforts to understand the mental health impact of the years of violence in Northern Ireland, reviewing for example, the impacts of loss and PTSD, why it seemed to take so long to recognise the impact, and the challenges of undertaking research in a community that is in violent conflict.Less
What are the human consequences of war, conflict and terrorism, and what are the appropriate policy and service responses? This book seeks to provide some answers to these important questions, drawing upon over 25 years’ work by the author in Northern Ireland and elsewhere. Focusing on the work undertaken following the Omagh bombing in 1998, the book describes how needs were assessed and understood, how evidence-based therapy services were put in place and the training and education programmes that were developed to assist first those communities affected by the Omagh bombing - and later the wider population affected by the years of conflict. The author places the mental health needs of conflict-affected victims and communities at the heart of the political and peace processes that follow when conflicts end. This is a practical book and will be of particular interest to those planning for and responding to conflict-related disasters and terrorism, policy makers, service commissioners and providers, politicians, diplomats, civil servants, leaders of religion, peace builders and peace makers. It also includes an extensive overview of the efforts to understand the mental health impact of the years of violence in Northern Ireland, reviewing for example, the impacts of loss and PTSD, why it seemed to take so long to recognise the impact, and the challenges of undertaking research in a community that is in violent conflict.
Wallace J. Gingerich, Johnny S. Kim, Geert J. J. M. Stams, and Alasdair J. Macdonald
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195385724
- eISBN:
- 9780199914586
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385724.003.0043
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
This chapter reviews the development of SFBT outcome research chronologically, beginning with the first compilation of outcome studies by the European Brief Therapy Association (EBTA) described by ...
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This chapter reviews the development of SFBT outcome research chronologically, beginning with the first compilation of outcome studies by the European Brief Therapy Association (EBTA) described by Macdonald. It then discusses the first systematic review of controlled SFBT outcome studies published by Gingerich and Eisengart, followed by the meta-analytic reviews of Stams et al. and Kim. Finally, it reviews several important studies that have appeared since the meta-analyses and concludes with a summary of SFBT outcome research to date.Less
This chapter reviews the development of SFBT outcome research chronologically, beginning with the first compilation of outcome studies by the European Brief Therapy Association (EBTA) described by Macdonald. It then discusses the first systematic review of controlled SFBT outcome studies published by Gingerich and Eisengart, followed by the meta-analytic reviews of Stams et al. and Kim. Finally, it reviews several important studies that have appeared since the meta-analyses and concludes with a summary of SFBT outcome research to date.
Johhny Kim, Michael Kelly, and Cynthia Franklin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190607258
- eISBN:
- 9780190607289
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190607258.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Teachers, administrators, and students face many challenges in schools, yet schools are also places of solutions, strengths, and successes. The second edition of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in ...
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Teachers, administrators, and students face many challenges in schools, yet schools are also places of solutions, strengths, and successes. The second edition of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in Schools offers a practical guide that shows school social workers how to harness the solutions that are already happening in their schools by applying the principles of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). With its emphasis on strengths and short-term treatment, SFBT is a potentially powerful tool for school professionals to add to their repertoires. A solution-focused school social worker can help students, particularly those who are harder to engage, think about ways to focus on what’s working and how they can change their lives in positive ways. This second edition is part of the School Social Work Association of America Oxford Workshop Series and has been updated with new research and clinical practice information. New to this edition is a more thorough example of how to use SFBT within the Response-to-Intervention (RtI) framework with case examples demonstrating innovate ways. It also includes five new clinical chapters called “SFBT in Action.” These new chapters cover five of the most common student problems school social workers encounter in their jobs. Each of these new chapters provides an overview of the particular problem both nationally and in school settings and describe risk and protective factors. Along with a discussion on why SFBT is a useful approach for that particular problem, case examples are also provided illustrating how to use many of the specific solution-focused techniques for them.Less
Teachers, administrators, and students face many challenges in schools, yet schools are also places of solutions, strengths, and successes. The second edition of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in Schools offers a practical guide that shows school social workers how to harness the solutions that are already happening in their schools by applying the principles of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). With its emphasis on strengths and short-term treatment, SFBT is a potentially powerful tool for school professionals to add to their repertoires. A solution-focused school social worker can help students, particularly those who are harder to engage, think about ways to focus on what’s working and how they can change their lives in positive ways. This second edition is part of the School Social Work Association of America Oxford Workshop Series and has been updated with new research and clinical practice information. New to this edition is a more thorough example of how to use SFBT within the Response-to-Intervention (RtI) framework with case examples demonstrating innovate ways. It also includes five new clinical chapters called “SFBT in Action.” These new chapters cover five of the most common student problems school social workers encounter in their jobs. Each of these new chapters provides an overview of the particular problem both nationally and in school settings and describe risk and protective factors. Along with a discussion on why SFBT is a useful approach for that particular problem, case examples are also provided illustrating how to use many of the specific solution-focused techniques for them.
Waltraud Ernst
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097690
- eISBN:
- 9781526104465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097690.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter focuses on the organisation of patient work in the mental institutions established by the British for both Europeans and Indians in South Asia. It explores the changing and plural ...
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This chapter focuses on the organisation of patient work in the mental institutions established by the British for both Europeans and Indians in South Asia. It explores the changing and plural meanings of work in relation to prevalent medical ideas and practices in different institutional settings in British-held territories from the early nineteenth to the middle of the twentieth centuries. Different aspects of work will be discussed, such as work as therapy; means to combat idleness; patients’ empowerment; institutional profit; and forced labour. The incentives used by staff to induce patients to engage in physical labour and the punishments employed in cases of non-compliance will be scrutinised. It will be shown that gender, social and caste prejudices and sentiments affected the types of activity patients were expected to engage in, and how, with the emergence of professionalised occupational therapy from the early twentieth-century, patient work became increasingly acceptable also with regard to European patients. The link between intensive work regimes and the concomitant decreased use of other treatment methods such as sedation, prolonged rest and hydrotherapy from the 1920s onwards will be explored.Less
This chapter focuses on the organisation of patient work in the mental institutions established by the British for both Europeans and Indians in South Asia. It explores the changing and plural meanings of work in relation to prevalent medical ideas and practices in different institutional settings in British-held territories from the early nineteenth to the middle of the twentieth centuries. Different aspects of work will be discussed, such as work as therapy; means to combat idleness; patients’ empowerment; institutional profit; and forced labour. The incentives used by staff to induce patients to engage in physical labour and the punishments employed in cases of non-compliance will be scrutinised. It will be shown that gender, social and caste prejudices and sentiments affected the types of activity patients were expected to engage in, and how, with the emergence of professionalised occupational therapy from the early twentieth-century, patient work became increasingly acceptable also with regard to European patients. The link between intensive work regimes and the concomitant decreased use of other treatment methods such as sedation, prolonged rest and hydrotherapy from the 1920s onwards will be explored.
Thomas Müller
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097690
- eISBN:
- 9781526104465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097690.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter focuses on rural asylums in south Germany, the former kingdom of Wuerttemberg. Various forms of patient work in psychiatric institutions are discussed in relation to their varied ...
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This chapter focuses on rural asylums in south Germany, the former kingdom of Wuerttemberg. Various forms of patient work in psychiatric institutions are discussed in relation to their varied contexts and diverse structures. Patient work in the asylums was organised in agricultural colonies. Various forms of handicraft in and outside the asylum were part of the daily life of patients in psychiatric family care settings. Zwiefalten, the oldest asylum in Wuerttemberg, is at the core of this study, while some attention is also given to the asylums of Schussenried and Weissenau. It is shown that various aspects of the institutions‘ history are not fully in line with the development of psychiatry in other regions of the country.Less
This chapter focuses on rural asylums in south Germany, the former kingdom of Wuerttemberg. Various forms of patient work in psychiatric institutions are discussed in relation to their varied contexts and diverse structures. Patient work in the asylums was organised in agricultural colonies. Various forms of handicraft in and outside the asylum were part of the daily life of patients in psychiatric family care settings. Zwiefalten, the oldest asylum in Wuerttemberg, is at the core of this study, while some attention is also given to the asylums of Schussenried and Weissenau. It is shown that various aspects of the institutions‘ history are not fully in line with the development of psychiatry in other regions of the country.
Monika Ankele
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097690
- eISBN:
- 9781526104465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097690.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter focuses on the Weimar period (1919-1933) and the German mental hospital (Staatskrankenanstalt) Hamburg-Langenhorn. It examines the wider political and social factors of that time that ...
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This chapter focuses on the Weimar period (1919-1933) and the German mental hospital (Staatskrankenanstalt) Hamburg-Langenhorn. It examines the wider political and social factors of that time that impacted on work therapy. Emphasis is on how patients perceived their role as inmates, responded to work therapy and dealt with an uncertain future on their discharge from the institution. Patient records as well as documents written by the patients themselves are used to engage with issues concerning the role of patient work during the 1920s.Less
This chapter focuses on the Weimar period (1919-1933) and the German mental hospital (Staatskrankenanstalt) Hamburg-Langenhorn. It examines the wider political and social factors of that time that impacted on work therapy. Emphasis is on how patients perceived their role as inmates, responded to work therapy and dealt with an uncertain future on their discharge from the institution. Patient records as well as documents written by the patients themselves are used to engage with issues concerning the role of patient work during the 1920s.
Waltraud Ernst
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097690
- eISBN:
- 9781526104465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097690.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter discusses the conceptual and methodological concerns connected with the central themes of the book. It reflects on varied definitions of human activity as labour, work and action, from ...
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This chapter discusses the conceptual and methodological concerns connected with the central themes of the book. It reflects on varied definitions of human activity as labour, work and action, from the Ancients to Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Hannah Arendt, contrasting these with NAZI ideas on forced labour and its supposedly liberating effects. The ways in which work and activity have been integral to medical ideas and practices in both Western and non-Western healing traditions and psychiatric regimes are explored, and the different themes covered by the contributors to the book are presented.Less
This chapter discusses the conceptual and methodological concerns connected with the central themes of the book. It reflects on varied definitions of human activity as labour, work and action, from the Ancients to Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Hannah Arendt, contrasting these with NAZI ideas on forced labour and its supposedly liberating effects. The ways in which work and activity have been integral to medical ideas and practices in both Western and non-Western healing traditions and psychiatric regimes are explored, and the different themes covered by the contributors to the book are presented.
Jonathan S. Addleton
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888139941
- eISBN:
- 9789888180868
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139941.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter surveys the 20-year history of development partnerships between the United States and Mongolia, focusing especially on the work of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and ...
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This chapter surveys the 20-year history of development partnerships between the United States and Mongolia, focusing especially on the work of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). It describes the evolution of the USAID program from one focused on immediate humanitarian relief to more sustainable long-term development. It also assesses some of the more notable USAID activities, including the Gobi Initiative, the GER Initiative, the establishment of Xac Bank and the revitalization of Xaan Bank. These early activities helped pave the way for a $285 million MCC program launched in 2008, one in which Mongolian partners played a key role.Less
This chapter surveys the 20-year history of development partnerships between the United States and Mongolia, focusing especially on the work of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). It describes the evolution of the USAID program from one focused on immediate humanitarian relief to more sustainable long-term development. It also assesses some of the more notable USAID activities, including the Gobi Initiative, the GER Initiative, the establishment of Xac Bank and the revitalization of Xaan Bank. These early activities helped pave the way for a $285 million MCC program launched in 2008, one in which Mongolian partners played a key role.
Christopher Thomas Scott
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748626014
- eISBN:
- 9780748670673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748626014.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter begins with a fictional news report, imagining the ailing ex-President George W. Bush requiring stem cell therapy in 2016 and using this as a vehicle for comparing American and European ...
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This chapter begins with a fictional news report, imagining the ailing ex-President George W. Bush requiring stem cell therapy in 2016 and using this as a vehicle for comparing American and European attitudes to stem cell research. The author, Christopher Thomas Scott, moves on to consider debates within contemporary medical and scientific research, and the related political and legislative battles of the early years of the twenty-first century. Tracing the recent science/anti-science tensions back to the 1970s and debates around creationism and evolutionism, the chapter considers historical and ethical issues posed by embryo and DNA research, casting light on American medical-scientific practice by surveying global trends. The chapter ends with a consideration of likely medical developments beyond 2008 and the end of the second Bush administration, linked to issues of globalization and morality.Less
This chapter begins with a fictional news report, imagining the ailing ex-President George W. Bush requiring stem cell therapy in 2016 and using this as a vehicle for comparing American and European attitudes to stem cell research. The author, Christopher Thomas Scott, moves on to consider debates within contemporary medical and scientific research, and the related political and legislative battles of the early years of the twenty-first century. Tracing the recent science/anti-science tensions back to the 1970s and debates around creationism and evolutionism, the chapter considers historical and ethical issues posed by embryo and DNA research, casting light on American medical-scientific practice by surveying global trends. The chapter ends with a consideration of likely medical developments beyond 2008 and the end of the second Bush administration, linked to issues of globalization and morality.
David Seed, Stephen C. Kenny, and Chris Williams (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781781382509
- eISBN:
- 9781786945297
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781781382509.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This volume assembles selections from writings on the American Civil War in fiction, first-hand accounts and contemporary reportage, all supplemented with photographs. The focus falls on the injuries ...
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This volume assembles selections from writings on the American Civil War in fiction, first-hand accounts and contemporary reportage, all supplemented with photographs. The focus falls on the injuries sustained by participants and on their medical treatment. Writers and poets are included who drew on their experiences as nurses, combatants or observers. The volume focuses thematically on nursing, medical facilities, photography, amputations, battlefield accounts, and the war’s aftermath. The excerpts are supplemented by critical studies by specialists in the different aspects of the Civil War. Each excerpt is introduced by brief editorial commentaries, guiding the reader towards further related material and an overall introduction to the volume addresses the blurring between private and public documents as well as the different methods of recording these events.Less
This volume assembles selections from writings on the American Civil War in fiction, first-hand accounts and contemporary reportage, all supplemented with photographs. The focus falls on the injuries sustained by participants and on their medical treatment. Writers and poets are included who drew on their experiences as nurses, combatants or observers. The volume focuses thematically on nursing, medical facilities, photography, amputations, battlefield accounts, and the war’s aftermath. The excerpts are supplemented by critical studies by specialists in the different aspects of the Civil War. Each excerpt is introduced by brief editorial commentaries, guiding the reader towards further related material and an overall introduction to the volume addresses the blurring between private and public documents as well as the different methods of recording these events.
Anne C. Dailey
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300188837
- eISBN:
- 9780300190083
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300188837.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
The law generally takes people at their word. For example, contracts are interpreted based on the objective meaning of the written terms rather than by reference to the parties’ subjective intent. In ...
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The law generally takes people at their word. For example, contracts are interpreted based on the objective meaning of the written terms rather than by reference to the parties’ subjective intent. In contrast, psychoanalysis rarely trades in literalisms, instead examining words for their hidden associations, connotations, implications, and ambiguities. This chapter explains how a psychoanalytic perspective on the meaning of words reworks the law’s presumption of transparency. The discussion focuses on the law governing violent threats communicated to therapists but directed at third parties, the so-called Tarasoff rule. Under this rule, when a patient says to her therapist, “I am going to kill him,” the law requires that the therapist take the patient at her word. But while the Tarasoff rule may protect some potential victims, a psychoanalytic perspective suggests that the rule may do more harm than good, in particular by discouraging those individuals who struggle with violent thoughts to seek treatment, thus raising the risk of their resorting to violence. Psychoanalytic insights into interpretive opacity, transference, regression, and acting out illuminate how the law’s pragmatic reliance on the literal meaning of words can undermine the law’s own goals to protect individuals from harm to themselves and others.Less
The law generally takes people at their word. For example, contracts are interpreted based on the objective meaning of the written terms rather than by reference to the parties’ subjective intent. In contrast, psychoanalysis rarely trades in literalisms, instead examining words for their hidden associations, connotations, implications, and ambiguities. This chapter explains how a psychoanalytic perspective on the meaning of words reworks the law’s presumption of transparency. The discussion focuses on the law governing violent threats communicated to therapists but directed at third parties, the so-called Tarasoff rule. Under this rule, when a patient says to her therapist, “I am going to kill him,” the law requires that the therapist take the patient at her word. But while the Tarasoff rule may protect some potential victims, a psychoanalytic perspective suggests that the rule may do more harm than good, in particular by discouraging those individuals who struggle with violent thoughts to seek treatment, thus raising the risk of their resorting to violence. Psychoanalytic insights into interpretive opacity, transference, regression, and acting out illuminate how the law’s pragmatic reliance on the literal meaning of words can undermine the law’s own goals to protect individuals from harm to themselves and others.
Anne C. Dailey
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300188837
- eISBN:
- 9780300190083
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300188837.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
The right of sexual autonomy occupies a central place in our constitutional scheme of individual liberties. Consensual sexual relations, including fornication, adultery, and sodomy, now presumptively ...
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The right of sexual autonomy occupies a central place in our constitutional scheme of individual liberties. Consensual sexual relations, including fornication, adultery, and sodomy, now presumptively lie beyond the reach of law’s regulatory power. But as this chapter shows, there is one long-standing law banning consensual sexual relations that remains solidly on the books in every state: the prohibition on adult incest. The subject of adult incest opens the door to a psychoanalytic perspective on the right of sexual autonomy and the modern laws regulating sexual choice. The chapter explores how powerful unconscious forces deriving from the parties’ close familial relationship render the “choice” to have sex a potentially tragic illusion. Similar kinds of unconscious coercion can happen in other contexts as well. For example, the therapist-patient relationship also involves forms of unconscious coercion not known to the parties themselves, and deserving of some regulation. Understanding in close detail the unconscious dynamics in adult incest and the therapist-patient relationship can illuminate less obvious forms of sexual coercion in more common types of professional relationships. A psychoanalytic perspective has a crucial role to play in defining the range and meaning of sexual autonomy as a fundamental right in our constitutional culture.Less
The right of sexual autonomy occupies a central place in our constitutional scheme of individual liberties. Consensual sexual relations, including fornication, adultery, and sodomy, now presumptively lie beyond the reach of law’s regulatory power. But as this chapter shows, there is one long-standing law banning consensual sexual relations that remains solidly on the books in every state: the prohibition on adult incest. The subject of adult incest opens the door to a psychoanalytic perspective on the right of sexual autonomy and the modern laws regulating sexual choice. The chapter explores how powerful unconscious forces deriving from the parties’ close familial relationship render the “choice” to have sex a potentially tragic illusion. Similar kinds of unconscious coercion can happen in other contexts as well. For example, the therapist-patient relationship also involves forms of unconscious coercion not known to the parties themselves, and deserving of some regulation. Understanding in close detail the unconscious dynamics in adult incest and the therapist-patient relationship can illuminate less obvious forms of sexual coercion in more common types of professional relationships. A psychoanalytic perspective has a crucial role to play in defining the range and meaning of sexual autonomy as a fundamental right in our constitutional culture.
John Borneman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226233888
- eISBN:
- 9780226234076
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226234076.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter analyzes child sex abuse as both a real and phantasmatic phenomenon in the West that has become prominent in the last 40 years. It theorizes the secular ritual of rehabilitation of child ...
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This chapter analyzes child sex abuse as both a real and phantasmatic phenomenon in the West that has become prominent in the last 40 years. It theorizes the secular ritual of rehabilitation of child molesters in its relation to the changing legal and social regulation of adult child relations. Arising from this relatively new phenomenon are a set of significant issues: defining and diagnosing paraphilia, transforming taboos into illegalities, including sex in anthropological concepts of incest, understanding anew the significance of parricide in the Oedipal complex, redefining intimacy and perversion in the changing lifecourse of men, recognizing disgust in the transference with the phenomenon of child sex abuse, overcoming obstacles to knowledgeability about child sex abuse and child sex molesters, creating untouchability in definitions of transgressive sex, acknowledging evidence of the efficacy of treatment of child sex offenders.Less
This chapter analyzes child sex abuse as both a real and phantasmatic phenomenon in the West that has become prominent in the last 40 years. It theorizes the secular ritual of rehabilitation of child molesters in its relation to the changing legal and social regulation of adult child relations. Arising from this relatively new phenomenon are a set of significant issues: defining and diagnosing paraphilia, transforming taboos into illegalities, including sex in anthropological concepts of incest, understanding anew the significance of parricide in the Oedipal complex, redefining intimacy and perversion in the changing lifecourse of men, recognizing disgust in the transference with the phenomenon of child sex abuse, overcoming obstacles to knowledgeability about child sex abuse and child sex molesters, creating untouchability in definitions of transgressive sex, acknowledging evidence of the efficacy of treatment of child sex offenders.
John Borneman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226233888
- eISBN:
- 9780226234076
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226234076.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines not whether but how therapy is efficacious within ritual rehab. It follows the ritual process of rehabilitation, beginning with the accusation of abuse, to arrest, imprisonment, ...
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This chapter examines not whether but how therapy is efficacious within ritual rehab. It follows the ritual process of rehabilitation, beginning with the accusation of abuse, to arrest, imprisonment, trial, sentencing, therapy, and reintegration into the social. It then examines the case of a man twice convicted of molesting adolescent men as he explicates his acts and history in therapy. For a long time the offender resists introspection and appears uninterested or unable to comprehend what therapy might bring him. He shows an inability to empathize with his victims and is unable to write a letter of apology to them, as demanded by the therapists. Shortly before release from prison, there seems to be a therapeutic break in the external shell the offender presents to others. The chapter concludes that he had been exhibiting to the therapists a False Self to hide a more vulnerable and caring, True Self, a split he had developed in past experiences of persecution and in a non-reciprocal yet care-taking relationship with the law.Less
This chapter examines not whether but how therapy is efficacious within ritual rehab. It follows the ritual process of rehabilitation, beginning with the accusation of abuse, to arrest, imprisonment, trial, sentencing, therapy, and reintegration into the social. It then examines the case of a man twice convicted of molesting adolescent men as he explicates his acts and history in therapy. For a long time the offender resists introspection and appears uninterested or unable to comprehend what therapy might bring him. He shows an inability to empathize with his victims and is unable to write a letter of apology to them, as demanded by the therapists. Shortly before release from prison, there seems to be a therapeutic break in the external shell the offender presents to others. The chapter concludes that he had been exhibiting to the therapists a False Self to hide a more vulnerable and caring, True Self, a split he had developed in past experiences of persecution and in a non-reciprocal yet care-taking relationship with the law.
Markus Heinrichs, Frances S. Chen, and Gregor Domes
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199692972
- eISBN:
- 9780191758515
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199692972.003.0016
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
The neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role in mammalian social behaviour and cognition. In humans, oxytocin contributes to the motivation and ability to understand the minds of others through ...
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The neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role in mammalian social behaviour and cognition. In humans, oxytocin contributes to the motivation and ability to understand the minds of others through several mechanisms. It regulates social approach by reducing social stress, increasing motivation for positive social interaction, and promoting attachment and social bonding. In addition, it enhances emotion recognition—a cognitive facet of empathy—and regulates social memory. Intranasal administration of oxytocin shows therapeutic promise for patients with mental disorders characterized by social deficits, including autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety disorder, borderline personality disorder, and schizophrenia. Continuing research on oxytocin’s role in human social behaviour is contributing to a broader understanding of the neuroendocrinology of the social brain and may eventually lead to the development of more effective treatments for social disorders.Less
The neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role in mammalian social behaviour and cognition. In humans, oxytocin contributes to the motivation and ability to understand the minds of others through several mechanisms. It regulates social approach by reducing social stress, increasing motivation for positive social interaction, and promoting attachment and social bonding. In addition, it enhances emotion recognition—a cognitive facet of empathy—and regulates social memory. Intranasal administration of oxytocin shows therapeutic promise for patients with mental disorders characterized by social deficits, including autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety disorder, borderline personality disorder, and schizophrenia. Continuing research on oxytocin’s role in human social behaviour is contributing to a broader understanding of the neuroendocrinology of the social brain and may eventually lead to the development of more effective treatments for social disorders.
