Alessandra Lemma, Mary Target, and Peter Fonagy
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199602452
- eISBN:
- 9780191729232
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602452.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Health Psychology
Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy (DIT) is a brief psychodynamic psychotherapy developed for the treatment of mood disorders. It is being rolled out as part of the Improving Access to Psychological ...
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Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy (DIT) is a brief psychodynamic psychotherapy developed for the treatment of mood disorders. It is being rolled out as part of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) initiative as the psychodynamic model for the treatment of depression. This book is a practical guide for the implementation of a brief psychodynamic intervention in routine clinical practice as well as in research protocols. It sets out clearly the theoretical framework, as well as the rationale and strategies for applying DIT with patients presenting with mood disorders (depression and anxiety). Throughout, it is illustrated with examples that help with implementing the approach in practice.Less
Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy (DIT) is a brief psychodynamic psychotherapy developed for the treatment of mood disorders. It is being rolled out as part of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) initiative as the psychodynamic model for the treatment of depression. This book is a practical guide for the implementation of a brief psychodynamic intervention in routine clinical practice as well as in research protocols. It sets out clearly the theoretical framework, as well as the rationale and strategies for applying DIT with patients presenting with mood disorders (depression and anxiety). Throughout, it is illustrated with examples that help with implementing the approach in practice.
Michael Patrick Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195333527
- eISBN:
- 9780199868896
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195333527.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Chapter 5 presents a reading of David Lodge's novel Therapy (1995) in light of Balthasar's Theo‐logic. Lodge does well to illustrate that the erasure of God that preoccupies postmodern consciousness ...
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Chapter 5 presents a reading of David Lodge's novel Therapy (1995) in light of Balthasar's Theo‐logic. Lodge does well to illustrate that the erasure of God that preoccupies postmodern consciousness significantly affects contemporary conceptions about “subject formation” and “people in relation.” Lodge develops these themes by constructing a narrative that mirrors both the theological trajectory of Balthasar's tripartite program and the existential progression identified by the Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard—namely, the aesthetic, ethical, and religious “stages” of human experience. Importantly, a close consideration of Kierkegaard's stages reveals a direct analogy with the transcendentals, which, in turn, illuminates one of the many reasons why Balthasar admired Kierkegaard and why Lodge's novel is a fertile literary example of Balthasar's Theologic. By a close consideration of the triadic structure of being presented by a variety of sources, the chapter begins to discern how God's logic—how human logic—exists in a trinitarian dynamic.Less
Chapter 5 presents a reading of David Lodge's novel Therapy (1995) in light of Balthasar's Theo‐logic. Lodge does well to illustrate that the erasure of God that preoccupies postmodern consciousness significantly affects contemporary conceptions about “subject formation” and “people in relation.” Lodge develops these themes by constructing a narrative that mirrors both the theological trajectory of Balthasar's tripartite program and the existential progression identified by the Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard—namely, the aesthetic, ethical, and religious “stages” of human experience. Importantly, a close consideration of Kierkegaard's stages reveals a direct analogy with the transcendentals, which, in turn, illuminates one of the many reasons why Balthasar admired Kierkegaard and why Lodge's novel is a fertile literary example of Balthasar's Theologic. By a close consideration of the triadic structure of being presented by a variety of sources, the chapter begins to discern how God's logic—how human logic—exists in a trinitarian dynamic.
Harriet P. Lefley
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195340495
- eISBN:
- 9780199863792
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340495.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health, Children and Families
This chapter describes in detail the format, structure, and content areas of some of the major family psychoeducation (FPE) studies. Single and multi-family models and other adaptations are ...
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This chapter describes in detail the format, structure, and content areas of some of the major family psychoeducation (FPE) studies. Single and multi-family models and other adaptations are discussed. Initial research in the UK focused on reducing high expressed emotion (EE), but subsequently FPE was extended to low EE families as well based on families' self-assessed needs and problems. Seminal programs in the US evolved in Pittsburgh, California, and New York State. In Europe, the Optimal Treatment Project of Ian Falloon and associates continues as an international collaborative group to promote the routine use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for schizophrenia in clinical facilities, including FPE. Large sample studies indicate the efficacy of these bundled optimal treatments. Miklowitz and Goldstein's Family Focused Treatment for bipolar disorder is described. A final section on long-term effects ranging from seven-year to eleven-year follow-ups, in Germany, the UK, and Italy, showed positive effects.Less
This chapter describes in detail the format, structure, and content areas of some of the major family psychoeducation (FPE) studies. Single and multi-family models and other adaptations are discussed. Initial research in the UK focused on reducing high expressed emotion (EE), but subsequently FPE was extended to low EE families as well based on families' self-assessed needs and problems. Seminal programs in the US evolved in Pittsburgh, California, and New York State. In Europe, the Optimal Treatment Project of Ian Falloon and associates continues as an international collaborative group to promote the routine use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for schizophrenia in clinical facilities, including FPE. Large sample studies indicate the efficacy of these bundled optimal treatments. Miklowitz and Goldstein's Family Focused Treatment for bipolar disorder is described. A final section on long-term effects ranging from seven-year to eleven-year follow-ups, in Germany, the UK, and Italy, showed positive effects.
A. Blythe LaGasse and Michael H. Thaut
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199586974
- eISBN:
- 9780191738357
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586974.003.0012
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology, Health Psychology
This chapter discusses neuroscience and music research and how this research has informed the use of music in therapy for rehabilitation. First, it begins with evidence of cortical engagement when ...
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This chapter discusses neuroscience and music research and how this research has informed the use of music in therapy for rehabilitation. First, it begins with evidence of cortical engagement when listening and performing music. Second, it explores motor synchronization to rhythm. Third, it presents evidence of successful rehabilitation of sensorimotor, cognitive, and communication with populations including Parkinson's, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Finally, the chapter presents how this research has created and continues to inform the practice of Neurologic Music Therapy. This evidence, together, illustrates how the use of music therapy has shifted from a social science model to a neuroscience model and how the use of music in therapy can benefit people in rehabilitation.Less
This chapter discusses neuroscience and music research and how this research has informed the use of music in therapy for rehabilitation. First, it begins with evidence of cortical engagement when listening and performing music. Second, it explores motor synchronization to rhythm. Third, it presents evidence of successful rehabilitation of sensorimotor, cognitive, and communication with populations including Parkinson's, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Finally, the chapter presents how this research has created and continues to inform the practice of Neurologic Music Therapy. This evidence, together, illustrates how the use of music therapy has shifted from a social science model to a neuroscience model and how the use of music in therapy can benefit people in rehabilitation.
Bradley W. Vines
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199568086
- eISBN:
- 9780191731044
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568086.003.0019
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology, Social Psychology
Recent advances in experimental techniques have enabled researchers to identify the effects of music on the brain, body, and mind. Clinical scientists are beginning to explore the application of this ...
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Recent advances in experimental techniques have enabled researchers to identify the effects of music on the brain, body, and mind. Clinical scientists are beginning to explore the application of this knowledge for developing treatments aimed at activating particular areas of the brain, and eliciting other physiological changes that promote healing. This chapter focuses on one example of this trend towards reconnecting music with medicine: using singing to promote speech recovery after stroke. It includes an overview of basic research on the neuroscience of singing, how singing is related to the neuroscience of speech deficits, and a potential application of this knowledge in the form of a speech therapy for stroke patients with non-fluent aphasia: Melodic Intonation Therapy.Less
Recent advances in experimental techniques have enabled researchers to identify the effects of music on the brain, body, and mind. Clinical scientists are beginning to explore the application of this knowledge for developing treatments aimed at activating particular areas of the brain, and eliciting other physiological changes that promote healing. This chapter focuses on one example of this trend towards reconnecting music with medicine: using singing to promote speech recovery after stroke. It includes an overview of basic research on the neuroscience of singing, how singing is related to the neuroscience of speech deficits, and a potential application of this knowledge in the form of a speech therapy for stroke patients with non-fluent aphasia: Melodic Intonation Therapy.
David Bolton
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780719090998
- eISBN:
- 9781526128546
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719090998.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
What are the human consequences of war, conflict and terrorism, and what are the appropriate policy and service responses? This book seeks to provide some answers to these important questions, ...
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What are the human consequences of war, conflict and terrorism, and what are the appropriate policy and service responses? This book seeks to provide some answers to these important questions, drawing upon over 25 years’ work by the author in Northern Ireland and elsewhere. Focusing on the work undertaken following the Omagh bombing in 1998, the book describes how needs were assessed and understood, how evidence-based therapy services were put in place and the training and education programmes that were developed to assist first those communities affected by the Omagh bombing - and later the wider population affected by the years of conflict. The author places the mental health needs of conflict-affected victims and communities at the heart of the political and peace processes that follow when conflicts end. This is a practical book and will be of particular interest to those planning for and responding to conflict-related disasters and terrorism, policy makers, service commissioners and providers, politicians, diplomats, civil servants, leaders of religion, peace builders and peace makers. It also includes an extensive overview of the efforts to understand the mental health impact of the years of violence in Northern Ireland, reviewing for example, the impacts of loss and PTSD, why it seemed to take so long to recognise the impact, and the challenges of undertaking research in a community that is in violent conflict.Less
What are the human consequences of war, conflict and terrorism, and what are the appropriate policy and service responses? This book seeks to provide some answers to these important questions, drawing upon over 25 years’ work by the author in Northern Ireland and elsewhere. Focusing on the work undertaken following the Omagh bombing in 1998, the book describes how needs were assessed and understood, how evidence-based therapy services were put in place and the training and education programmes that were developed to assist first those communities affected by the Omagh bombing - and later the wider population affected by the years of conflict. The author places the mental health needs of conflict-affected victims and communities at the heart of the political and peace processes that follow when conflicts end. This is a practical book and will be of particular interest to those planning for and responding to conflict-related disasters and terrorism, policy makers, service commissioners and providers, politicians, diplomats, civil servants, leaders of religion, peace builders and peace makers. It also includes an extensive overview of the efforts to understand the mental health impact of the years of violence in Northern Ireland, reviewing for example, the impacts of loss and PTSD, why it seemed to take so long to recognise the impact, and the challenges of undertaking research in a community that is in violent conflict.
David Seed, Stephen C. Kenny, and Chris Williams (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781781382509
- eISBN:
- 9781786945297
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781781382509.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This volume assembles selections from writings on the American Civil War in fiction, first-hand accounts and contemporary reportage, all supplemented with photographs. The focus falls on the injuries ...
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This volume assembles selections from writings on the American Civil War in fiction, first-hand accounts and contemporary reportage, all supplemented with photographs. The focus falls on the injuries sustained by participants and on their medical treatment. Writers and poets are included who drew on their experiences as nurses, combatants or observers. The volume focuses thematically on nursing, medical facilities, photography, amputations, battlefield accounts, and the war’s aftermath. The excerpts are supplemented by critical studies by specialists in the different aspects of the Civil War. Each excerpt is introduced by brief editorial commentaries, guiding the reader towards further related material and an overall introduction to the volume addresses the blurring between private and public documents as well as the different methods of recording these events.Less
This volume assembles selections from writings on the American Civil War in fiction, first-hand accounts and contemporary reportage, all supplemented with photographs. The focus falls on the injuries sustained by participants and on their medical treatment. Writers and poets are included who drew on their experiences as nurses, combatants or observers. The volume focuses thematically on nursing, medical facilities, photography, amputations, battlefield accounts, and the war’s aftermath. The excerpts are supplemented by critical studies by specialists in the different aspects of the Civil War. Each excerpt is introduced by brief editorial commentaries, guiding the reader towards further related material and an overall introduction to the volume addresses the blurring between private and public documents as well as the different methods of recording these events.
Wallace J. Gingerich, Johnny S. Kim, Geert J. J. M. Stams, and Alasdair J. Macdonald
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195385724
- eISBN:
- 9780199914586
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385724.003.0043
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
This chapter reviews the development of SFBT outcome research chronologically, beginning with the first compilation of outcome studies by the European Brief Therapy Association (EBTA) described by ...
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This chapter reviews the development of SFBT outcome research chronologically, beginning with the first compilation of outcome studies by the European Brief Therapy Association (EBTA) described by Macdonald. It then discusses the first systematic review of controlled SFBT outcome studies published by Gingerich and Eisengart, followed by the meta-analytic reviews of Stams et al. and Kim. Finally, it reviews several important studies that have appeared since the meta-analyses and concludes with a summary of SFBT outcome research to date.Less
This chapter reviews the development of SFBT outcome research chronologically, beginning with the first compilation of outcome studies by the European Brief Therapy Association (EBTA) described by Macdonald. It then discusses the first systematic review of controlled SFBT outcome studies published by Gingerich and Eisengart, followed by the meta-analytic reviews of Stams et al. and Kim. Finally, it reviews several important studies that have appeared since the meta-analyses and concludes with a summary of SFBT outcome research to date.
Waltraud Ernst
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097690
- eISBN:
- 9781526104465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097690.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter focuses on the organisation of patient work in the mental institutions established by the British for both Europeans and Indians in South Asia. It explores the changing and plural ...
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This chapter focuses on the organisation of patient work in the mental institutions established by the British for both Europeans and Indians in South Asia. It explores the changing and plural meanings of work in relation to prevalent medical ideas and practices in different institutional settings in British-held territories from the early nineteenth to the middle of the twentieth centuries. Different aspects of work will be discussed, such as work as therapy; means to combat idleness; patients’ empowerment; institutional profit; and forced labour. The incentives used by staff to induce patients to engage in physical labour and the punishments employed in cases of non-compliance will be scrutinised. It will be shown that gender, social and caste prejudices and sentiments affected the types of activity patients were expected to engage in, and how, with the emergence of professionalised occupational therapy from the early twentieth-century, patient work became increasingly acceptable also with regard to European patients. The link between intensive work regimes and the concomitant decreased use of other treatment methods such as sedation, prolonged rest and hydrotherapy from the 1920s onwards will be explored.Less
This chapter focuses on the organisation of patient work in the mental institutions established by the British for both Europeans and Indians in South Asia. It explores the changing and plural meanings of work in relation to prevalent medical ideas and practices in different institutional settings in British-held territories from the early nineteenth to the middle of the twentieth centuries. Different aspects of work will be discussed, such as work as therapy; means to combat idleness; patients’ empowerment; institutional profit; and forced labour. The incentives used by staff to induce patients to engage in physical labour and the punishments employed in cases of non-compliance will be scrutinised. It will be shown that gender, social and caste prejudices and sentiments affected the types of activity patients were expected to engage in, and how, with the emergence of professionalised occupational therapy from the early twentieth-century, patient work became increasingly acceptable also with regard to European patients. The link between intensive work regimes and the concomitant decreased use of other treatment methods such as sedation, prolonged rest and hydrotherapy from the 1920s onwards will be explored.
Johhny Kim, Michael Kelly, and Cynthia Franklin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190607258
- eISBN:
- 9780190607289
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190607258.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Teachers, administrators, and students face many challenges in schools, yet schools are also places of solutions, strengths, and successes. The second edition of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in ...
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Teachers, administrators, and students face many challenges in schools, yet schools are also places of solutions, strengths, and successes. The second edition of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in Schools offers a practical guide that shows school social workers how to harness the solutions that are already happening in their schools by applying the principles of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). With its emphasis on strengths and short-term treatment, SFBT is a potentially powerful tool for school professionals to add to their repertoires. A solution-focused school social worker can help students, particularly those who are harder to engage, think about ways to focus on what’s working and how they can change their lives in positive ways. This second edition is part of the School Social Work Association of America Oxford Workshop Series and has been updated with new research and clinical practice information. New to this edition is a more thorough example of how to use SFBT within the Response-to-Intervention (RtI) framework with case examples demonstrating innovate ways. It also includes five new clinical chapters called “SFBT in Action.” These new chapters cover five of the most common student problems school social workers encounter in their jobs. Each of these new chapters provides an overview of the particular problem both nationally and in school settings and describe risk and protective factors. Along with a discussion on why SFBT is a useful approach for that particular problem, case examples are also provided illustrating how to use many of the specific solution-focused techniques for them.Less
Teachers, administrators, and students face many challenges in schools, yet schools are also places of solutions, strengths, and successes. The second edition of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in Schools offers a practical guide that shows school social workers how to harness the solutions that are already happening in their schools by applying the principles of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). With its emphasis on strengths and short-term treatment, SFBT is a potentially powerful tool for school professionals to add to their repertoires. A solution-focused school social worker can help students, particularly those who are harder to engage, think about ways to focus on what’s working and how they can change their lives in positive ways. This second edition is part of the School Social Work Association of America Oxford Workshop Series and has been updated with new research and clinical practice information. New to this edition is a more thorough example of how to use SFBT within the Response-to-Intervention (RtI) framework with case examples demonstrating innovate ways. It also includes five new clinical chapters called “SFBT in Action.” These new chapters cover five of the most common student problems school social workers encounter in their jobs. Each of these new chapters provides an overview of the particular problem both nationally and in school settings and describe risk and protective factors. Along with a discussion on why SFBT is a useful approach for that particular problem, case examples are also provided illustrating how to use many of the specific solution-focused techniques for them.
Thomas Müller
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097690
- eISBN:
- 9781526104465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097690.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter focuses on rural asylums in south Germany, the former kingdom of Wuerttemberg. Various forms of patient work in psychiatric institutions are discussed in relation to their varied ...
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This chapter focuses on rural asylums in south Germany, the former kingdom of Wuerttemberg. Various forms of patient work in psychiatric institutions are discussed in relation to their varied contexts and diverse structures. Patient work in the asylums was organised in agricultural colonies. Various forms of handicraft in and outside the asylum were part of the daily life of patients in psychiatric family care settings. Zwiefalten, the oldest asylum in Wuerttemberg, is at the core of this study, while some attention is also given to the asylums of Schussenried and Weissenau. It is shown that various aspects of the institutions‘ history are not fully in line with the development of psychiatry in other regions of the country.Less
This chapter focuses on rural asylums in south Germany, the former kingdom of Wuerttemberg. Various forms of patient work in psychiatric institutions are discussed in relation to their varied contexts and diverse structures. Patient work in the asylums was organised in agricultural colonies. Various forms of handicraft in and outside the asylum were part of the daily life of patients in psychiatric family care settings. Zwiefalten, the oldest asylum in Wuerttemberg, is at the core of this study, while some attention is also given to the asylums of Schussenried and Weissenau. It is shown that various aspects of the institutions‘ history are not fully in line with the development of psychiatry in other regions of the country.
Monika Ankele
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097690
- eISBN:
- 9781526104465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097690.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter focuses on the Weimar period (1919-1933) and the German mental hospital (Staatskrankenanstalt) Hamburg-Langenhorn. It examines the wider political and social factors of that time that ...
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This chapter focuses on the Weimar period (1919-1933) and the German mental hospital (Staatskrankenanstalt) Hamburg-Langenhorn. It examines the wider political and social factors of that time that impacted on work therapy. Emphasis is on how patients perceived their role as inmates, responded to work therapy and dealt with an uncertain future on their discharge from the institution. Patient records as well as documents written by the patients themselves are used to engage with issues concerning the role of patient work during the 1920s.Less
This chapter focuses on the Weimar period (1919-1933) and the German mental hospital (Staatskrankenanstalt) Hamburg-Langenhorn. It examines the wider political and social factors of that time that impacted on work therapy. Emphasis is on how patients perceived their role as inmates, responded to work therapy and dealt with an uncertain future on their discharge from the institution. Patient records as well as documents written by the patients themselves are used to engage with issues concerning the role of patient work during the 1920s.
Waltraud Ernst
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097690
- eISBN:
- 9781526104465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097690.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter discusses the conceptual and methodological concerns connected with the central themes of the book. It reflects on varied definitions of human activity as labour, work and action, from ...
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This chapter discusses the conceptual and methodological concerns connected with the central themes of the book. It reflects on varied definitions of human activity as labour, work and action, from the Ancients to Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Hannah Arendt, contrasting these with NAZI ideas on forced labour and its supposedly liberating effects. The ways in which work and activity have been integral to medical ideas and practices in both Western and non-Western healing traditions and psychiatric regimes are explored, and the different themes covered by the contributors to the book are presented.Less
This chapter discusses the conceptual and methodological concerns connected with the central themes of the book. It reflects on varied definitions of human activity as labour, work and action, from the Ancients to Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Hannah Arendt, contrasting these with NAZI ideas on forced labour and its supposedly liberating effects. The ways in which work and activity have been integral to medical ideas and practices in both Western and non-Western healing traditions and psychiatric regimes are explored, and the different themes covered by the contributors to the book are presented.
Jonathan S. Addleton
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789888139941
- eISBN:
- 9789888180868
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139941.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter surveys the 20-year history of development partnerships between the United States and Mongolia, focusing especially on the work of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and ...
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This chapter surveys the 20-year history of development partnerships between the United States and Mongolia, focusing especially on the work of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). It describes the evolution of the USAID program from one focused on immediate humanitarian relief to more sustainable long-term development. It also assesses some of the more notable USAID activities, including the Gobi Initiative, the GER Initiative, the establishment of Xac Bank and the revitalization of Xaan Bank. These early activities helped pave the way for a $285 million MCC program launched in 2008, one in which Mongolian partners played a key role.Less
This chapter surveys the 20-year history of development partnerships between the United States and Mongolia, focusing especially on the work of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). It describes the evolution of the USAID program from one focused on immediate humanitarian relief to more sustainable long-term development. It also assesses some of the more notable USAID activities, including the Gobi Initiative, the GER Initiative, the establishment of Xac Bank and the revitalization of Xaan Bank. These early activities helped pave the way for a $285 million MCC program launched in 2008, one in which Mongolian partners played a key role.
Christopher Thomas Scott
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748626014
- eISBN:
- 9780748670673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748626014.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter begins with a fictional news report, imagining the ailing ex-President George W. Bush requiring stem cell therapy in 2016 and using this as a vehicle for comparing American and European ...
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This chapter begins with a fictional news report, imagining the ailing ex-President George W. Bush requiring stem cell therapy in 2016 and using this as a vehicle for comparing American and European attitudes to stem cell research. The author, Christopher Thomas Scott, moves on to consider debates within contemporary medical and scientific research, and the related political and legislative battles of the early years of the twenty-first century. Tracing the recent science/anti-science tensions back to the 1970s and debates around creationism and evolutionism, the chapter considers historical and ethical issues posed by embryo and DNA research, casting light on American medical-scientific practice by surveying global trends. The chapter ends with a consideration of likely medical developments beyond 2008 and the end of the second Bush administration, linked to issues of globalization and morality.Less
This chapter begins with a fictional news report, imagining the ailing ex-President George W. Bush requiring stem cell therapy in 2016 and using this as a vehicle for comparing American and European attitudes to stem cell research. The author, Christopher Thomas Scott, moves on to consider debates within contemporary medical and scientific research, and the related political and legislative battles of the early years of the twenty-first century. Tracing the recent science/anti-science tensions back to the 1970s and debates around creationism and evolutionism, the chapter considers historical and ethical issues posed by embryo and DNA research, casting light on American medical-scientific practice by surveying global trends. The chapter ends with a consideration of likely medical developments beyond 2008 and the end of the second Bush administration, linked to issues of globalization and morality.
Dava Guerin and Terry Bivens
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780813180021
- eISBN:
- 9780813180038
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813180021.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
The Eagle on My Arm details the journey to recovery of Vietnam veteran Patrick Bradley. Enlisting at the age of eighteen, Bradley was mortified by the scenes in the North Vietnam jungles, and found ...
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The Eagle on My Arm details the journey to recovery of Vietnam veteran Patrick Bradley. Enlisting at the age of eighteen, Bradley was mortified by the scenes in the North Vietnam jungles, and found himself unable to cope. At a psychiatrist’s recommendation, Bradley traveled to the Canadian wilderness where he spent three years studying and documenting bald eagles and their behavior. He made groundbreaking discoveries during his research, linking the use of chemical DDT to the decrease in southern bald eagle populations. Additionally, he made notable progress in his recovery, able to better control his previously unmitigated anger and rage. Bradley teamed up with other veterans to form the Avian Veteran Alliance in 2015, a non-profit that pairs wounded warriors with injured birds of prey. Where the Eagles Soar, written by biographers Dava Guerin and Terry Bivens, is one of only a handful of books concerned with the unique link between avian therapy and wounded warrior recovery. Introducing the psychiatric benefits of avian and animal therapy is crucial to the cultural climate regarding mental health, and sheds light on positive and exciting alternatives in the study of PTSD among war veterans.Less
The Eagle on My Arm details the journey to recovery of Vietnam veteran Patrick Bradley. Enlisting at the age of eighteen, Bradley was mortified by the scenes in the North Vietnam jungles, and found himself unable to cope. At a psychiatrist’s recommendation, Bradley traveled to the Canadian wilderness where he spent three years studying and documenting bald eagles and their behavior. He made groundbreaking discoveries during his research, linking the use of chemical DDT to the decrease in southern bald eagle populations. Additionally, he made notable progress in his recovery, able to better control his previously unmitigated anger and rage. Bradley teamed up with other veterans to form the Avian Veteran Alliance in 2015, a non-profit that pairs wounded warriors with injured birds of prey. Where the Eagles Soar, written by biographers Dava Guerin and Terry Bivens, is one of only a handful of books concerned with the unique link between avian therapy and wounded warrior recovery. Introducing the psychiatric benefits of avian and animal therapy is crucial to the cultural climate regarding mental health, and sheds light on positive and exciting alternatives in the study of PTSD among war veterans.
Jerrold Winter
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190051464
- eISBN:
- 9780197559451
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190051464.003.0013
- Subject:
- Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry
H. L. Mencken, arguably the leading satirist of the 20th century, said that American puritanism is characterized by the haunting fear that someone, somewhere, may be ...
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H. L. Mencken, arguably the leading satirist of the 20th century, said that American puritanism is characterized by the haunting fear that someone, somewhere, may be happy. If the source of that happiness is a drug, we might call it pharmacological puritanism. Followers of that faith abound, but I will mention just few. “There’s no such thing as recreational drug use” were the words of William Weld, head of the criminal division of the Attorney General’s office in 1988. A year later, in the midst of a cocaine epidemic, William Bennett, the first director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) under President George H. W. Bush, expressed dual goals. The first was to construct 95,000 more federal prison cells for drug abusers and the second to make Washington, D.C., a drug-free city. He believed that calls for legalization of any psychoactive drug to be “morally scandalous.” John Walters, director of the ONDCP during George W. Bush’s tenure as president, believed that religion is the answer to drug abuse. Lest we think that pharmacological puritanism is a dying faith, we need only recall Attorney General Jeff Sessions’ comment in 2016 that “Good people don’t smoke marijuana.” It does make me wonder where, on the good–bad spectrum, lie the tens of millions of Americans who live in states and in the District of Columbia where marijuana is legal for recreational use. Among the general population, pharmacological puritanism appears to be uncommon. A survey of American college students found that the prime motives for drug use were to help with concentration, to increase alertness, and to get high. From the United Kingdom, David Nutt, chairman of the Department of Neuropsychopharmacology at Imperial College London, put it this way: “Drugs are taken for pleasure.” Whatever their numbers today or in the past, it is believers in pharmacological puritanism, with the absolutism which accompanies that faith, who are major contributors to the failure of our most recent war on drugs, now nearly a half-century old.
Less
H. L. Mencken, arguably the leading satirist of the 20th century, said that American puritanism is characterized by the haunting fear that someone, somewhere, may be happy. If the source of that happiness is a drug, we might call it pharmacological puritanism. Followers of that faith abound, but I will mention just few. “There’s no such thing as recreational drug use” were the words of William Weld, head of the criminal division of the Attorney General’s office in 1988. A year later, in the midst of a cocaine epidemic, William Bennett, the first director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) under President George H. W. Bush, expressed dual goals. The first was to construct 95,000 more federal prison cells for drug abusers and the second to make Washington, D.C., a drug-free city. He believed that calls for legalization of any psychoactive drug to be “morally scandalous.” John Walters, director of the ONDCP during George W. Bush’s tenure as president, believed that religion is the answer to drug abuse. Lest we think that pharmacological puritanism is a dying faith, we need only recall Attorney General Jeff Sessions’ comment in 2016 that “Good people don’t smoke marijuana.” It does make me wonder where, on the good–bad spectrum, lie the tens of millions of Americans who live in states and in the District of Columbia where marijuana is legal for recreational use. Among the general population, pharmacological puritanism appears to be uncommon. A survey of American college students found that the prime motives for drug use were to help with concentration, to increase alertness, and to get high. From the United Kingdom, David Nutt, chairman of the Department of Neuropsychopharmacology at Imperial College London, put it this way: “Drugs are taken for pleasure.” Whatever their numbers today or in the past, it is believers in pharmacological puritanism, with the absolutism which accompanies that faith, who are major contributors to the failure of our most recent war on drugs, now nearly a half-century old.
Jerrold Winter
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190051464
- eISBN:
- 9780197559451
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190051464.003.0006
- Subject:
- Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry
Albert Schweitzer called pain “a more terrible lord of mankind than even death.” Thus, it is not surprising that humans have from the earliest times attempted to ...
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Albert Schweitzer called pain “a more terrible lord of mankind than even death.” Thus, it is not surprising that humans have from the earliest times attempted to identify plants which might provide pain relief. The Odyssey by Homer provides a mythic account of the use of one such agent. . . . Then Helen, daughter of Zeus, took other counsel. Straightaway she cast into the wine of which they were drinking a drug to quit all pain and strife, and bring forgetfulness of every ill. Whoso should drink this down, when it is mingled in the bowl, would not in the course of that day let a tear fall down over his cheeks, no, not though his mother and father should lie there dead . . . Such cunning drugs had the daughter of Zeus, drugs of healing, which Polydamna, the wife of Thor, had given her, a woman of Egypt, for there the earth, the giver of grain, bears the greatest store of drugs . . . . . . More than a century ago, it was suggested by Oswald Schmiedeberg, a German scientist regarded by many as the father of modern pharmacology, that the drug to which Homer refers is opium for “no other natural product on the whole earth calls forth in man such a psychical blunting as the one described.” When today, in the fields of Afghanistan or Turkey or India, the seed capsule of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is pierced, a milky fluid oozes from it which, when dried, is opium. Virginia Berridge, in her elegant history of opium in England, tells us that the effects of opium on the human mind have probably been known for about 6,000 years and that opium had an honored place in Greek, Roman, and Arabic medicine. I will not dwell on that ancient history but will instead jump ahead to the 17th century by which time opium had gained wide use in European medicine.
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Albert Schweitzer called pain “a more terrible lord of mankind than even death.” Thus, it is not surprising that humans have from the earliest times attempted to identify plants which might provide pain relief. The Odyssey by Homer provides a mythic account of the use of one such agent. . . . Then Helen, daughter of Zeus, took other counsel. Straightaway she cast into the wine of which they were drinking a drug to quit all pain and strife, and bring forgetfulness of every ill. Whoso should drink this down, when it is mingled in the bowl, would not in the course of that day let a tear fall down over his cheeks, no, not though his mother and father should lie there dead . . . Such cunning drugs had the daughter of Zeus, drugs of healing, which Polydamna, the wife of Thor, had given her, a woman of Egypt, for there the earth, the giver of grain, bears the greatest store of drugs . . . . . . More than a century ago, it was suggested by Oswald Schmiedeberg, a German scientist regarded by many as the father of modern pharmacology, that the drug to which Homer refers is opium for “no other natural product on the whole earth calls forth in man such a psychical blunting as the one described.” When today, in the fields of Afghanistan or Turkey or India, the seed capsule of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is pierced, a milky fluid oozes from it which, when dried, is opium. Virginia Berridge, in her elegant history of opium in England, tells us that the effects of opium on the human mind have probably been known for about 6,000 years and that opium had an honored place in Greek, Roman, and Arabic medicine. I will not dwell on that ancient history but will instead jump ahead to the 17th century by which time opium had gained wide use in European medicine.
Candy Gunther Brown
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781469648484
- eISBN:
- 9781469648507
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469648484.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
Chapter 8 unpacks the modern American concept of “mindfulness.” Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn in 1979, provides a model for mindfulness-based programs (MBPs), ...
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Chapter 8 unpacks the modern American concept of “mindfulness.” Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn in 1979, provides a model for mindfulness-based programs (MBPs), such as Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). MBSR is nominally “secular” and supported by scientific research, yet infused at every level—concept, structure, teaching training, and graduate resources—with systematic instruction in Buddhist-derived assumptions, values, and practices, what Kabat-Zinn interprets as the “essence” of Buddhism. Many MBPs exhibit the Malnak-Meyers indicia of religion. Certain mindfulness missionaries conceptualize their tactics as “skillful means,” “Stealth Buddhism,” “Trojan horse,” or “script.” Other proponents may understand mindfulness teachings as self-evidently true and “universal,” without recognizing that supposedly “secular ethics” are socially constructed and contested by others, including Christians and certain Buddhists. MBPs exemplify the difficulty of extracting the “secular” from the “religious.” Mindfulness is “secular” in privileging present experience and “religious” in comprising a world view and way of life premised on more-than-physical assumptions about the nature of reality, self, and the path to salvation from suffering. The chapter argues that secularization requires more than subtracting religious language and adding scientific framing: rebuilding from foundations uncontrolled by assumptions about the nature of the self and the world.Less
Chapter 8 unpacks the modern American concept of “mindfulness.” Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn in 1979, provides a model for mindfulness-based programs (MBPs), such as Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). MBSR is nominally “secular” and supported by scientific research, yet infused at every level—concept, structure, teaching training, and graduate resources—with systematic instruction in Buddhist-derived assumptions, values, and practices, what Kabat-Zinn interprets as the “essence” of Buddhism. Many MBPs exhibit the Malnak-Meyers indicia of religion. Certain mindfulness missionaries conceptualize their tactics as “skillful means,” “Stealth Buddhism,” “Trojan horse,” or “script.” Other proponents may understand mindfulness teachings as self-evidently true and “universal,” without recognizing that supposedly “secular ethics” are socially constructed and contested by others, including Christians and certain Buddhists. MBPs exemplify the difficulty of extracting the “secular” from the “religious.” Mindfulness is “secular” in privileging present experience and “religious” in comprising a world view and way of life premised on more-than-physical assumptions about the nature of reality, self, and the path to salvation from suffering. The chapter argues that secularization requires more than subtracting religious language and adding scientific framing: rebuilding from foundations uncontrolled by assumptions about the nature of the self and the world.
Peter Keating and Alberto Cambrosio
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226428918
- eISBN:
- 9780226428932
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226428932.003.0127
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter focuses on the debates concerning the relations between the US cooperative oncology groups and the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) of the Division of Cancer Treatment (DCT). It ...
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This chapter focuses on the debates concerning the relations between the US cooperative oncology groups and the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) of the Division of Cancer Treatment (DCT). It also describes the emergence of an autonomous form of research when the cooperative group program was implicitly recognized as an independent research enterprise.Less
This chapter focuses on the debates concerning the relations between the US cooperative oncology groups and the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) of the Division of Cancer Treatment (DCT). It also describes the emergence of an autonomous form of research when the cooperative group program was implicitly recognized as an independent research enterprise.
