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Straight Outta Ganton: Virtual Tourism, Fieldwork, and Performance

Kiri Miller

in Playing Along: Digital Games, YouTube, and Virtual Performance

This chapter works through several analytical frameworks for Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, addressing the game as a tourist destination, a fieldwork site, a virtual museum, a vehicle for vicarious ... More

This chapter works through several analytical frameworks for Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, addressing the game as a tourist destination, a fieldwork site, a virtual museum, a vehicle for vicarious embodied performance, and a pop culture artifact whose double-voiced aesthetic has given rise to diverse interpretive communities. The GTA games encourage players to adopt touristic, ethnographic, and colonialist orientations to gameworld exploration. As they play, their strategic experimentation and fortuitous blunders highlight the gap between their own physical abilities, learned behaviors, and life history and those of their avatars. Digital gameplay is a form of expressive culture developed through collaborative performance and intertextual interpretation. GTA: San Andreas offers a rich case study because its lead character is African American (a rarity in video games) and its storylines and aesthetic are derived from hip-hop culture, a well-established arena for staging conflicts between individual expressivity and oppressive restrictions.Less

Jacking the Dial: Radio, Race, and Place in San Andreas

Kiri Miller

in Playing Along: Digital Games, YouTube, and Virtual Performance

This chapter focuses on musical experience in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. By withholding conventional soundtrack music and giving players control over an in-game radio system, the game designers ... More

This chapter focuses on musical experience in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. By withholding conventional soundtrack music and giving players control over an in-game radio system, the game designers draw attention to music’s capacity to channel emotional experience, match or clash with narrative situations, and alter the passage of time. The radio invites players to explore the role of music in their navigation of an unfamiliar landscape and their occupation of a foreign persona. A web of interconnected songs writes the history and shapes the cultural landscape of San Andreas, reaching beyond the borders of the gameworld to make connections with real-life songs, cities, and musical canons. While the radio system puts forward “classics” in many genres, it is African-American music (especially hip-hop) that receives the richest, most thorough, and most historically-aware treatment.Less

A criminal touch

Dominic Johnson

in Unlimited action: The performance of extremity in the 1970s

In 1976, Ulay undertook an exemplary performance of extremity by stealing ‘Germany’s favourite painting’, namely Carl Spitzweg’s The Poor Poet (1839). This chapter discusses the action at length in ... More

In 1976, Ulay undertook an exemplary performance of extremity by stealing ‘Germany’s favourite painting’, namely Carl Spitzweg’s The Poor Poet (1839). This chapter discusses the action at length in the context of Ulay’s earlier works as well as examples of performance art that seek to make interventions into institutional spaces of art as a means of aesthetic and political critique, highlighting the way such actions shed light on the border between art/life and art/crime. The chapter argues that in Ulay’s theft, the transgressing of the perceived limits of art was not simply art crime or vandalism, part of a sustained project of questioning and deconditioning his own gendered and national identity, here, specifically, by taking aim at his own German-ness in the postwar period.Less

Visions of the Flood: Masked and Anonymous between “Love and Theft” and Modern Times

Alberto Brodesco

in Tearing the World Apart: Bob Dylan and the Twenty-First Century

This chapter discusses how Masked and Anonymous certainly does not mark a peak in Bob Dylan's long artistic journey. Precisely set between “Love and Theft” and Modern Times, however, it is an ... More

This chapter discusses how Masked and Anonymous certainly does not mark a peak in Bob Dylan's long artistic journey. Precisely set between “Love and Theft” and Modern Times, however, it is an important key to understanding his commitment and intention in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Also in the film are plenty of what Dylan calls “appropriations” from a large spectrum of sources. Intertextuality is indeed a major attribute of Bob Dylan's work, particularly from “Love and Theft” onward. Masked and Anonymous's references go from the speeches of U.S. presidents to novels, plays, sports books, and religious texts.Less

Down the Foggy Ruins of Time: Bob Dylan and the Performance of Timelessness

Andrea Cossu

in Tearing the World Apart: Bob Dylan and the Twenty-First Century

This chapter discusses how Bob Dylan's past artistic achievements are sculpted in public memory, and are still being reproduced in the present through records, images, the work of critics, and the ... More

This chapter discusses how Bob Dylan's past artistic achievements are sculpted in public memory, and are still being reproduced in the present through records, images, the work of critics, and the mythical role Dylan plays for modern popular music. However, so much has gone on since the release of “Love and Theft” that it is difficult to connect to the commonplace idea of Dylan as either a prominent rock star or as a troubadour from the foggy ruins of the 1960s. Instead, the modern, contemporary Dylan is a kind of trailblazer. He has moved away from his myth and headed toward other, decidedly subtler musical references, references that are external and sometimes antithetic to the established reputation of Bob Dylan as the source and end of his own genius.Less

You Can’t Repeat the Past? Bob Dylan’s “Love and Theft” and the Events of 9/11

Jesper Doolaard

in Tearing the World Apart: Bob Dylan and the Twenty-First Century

This chapter explores how the release of “Love and Theft” coincided with the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and how it strongly affected the album's immediate reception. This association was particularly ... More

This chapter explores how the release of “Love and Theft” coincided with the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and how it strongly affected the album's immediate reception. This association was particularly strong due to the lyrical and thematic content of the album, which somehow seemed to “fit” the events of 9/11—fit them so well, in fact, that it led some reviewers to ascribe Bob Dylan with a prophetic quality. The connection between art and 9/11 has been a subject of lively debate ever since the terrorist attacks. Much of this debate has centered around the question of how “post-9/11 art” can help reflect on, or help deal with, the trauma of the 9/11 events.Less

A Sudden Blow: The Story of Violence in “Love and Theft” and Modern Times

Nina Goss

in Tearing the World Apart: Bob Dylan and the Twenty-First Century

This chapter uses violence as the topic of exploration of “Love and Theft” and Modern Times, since the destructive life of humankind has run through Bob Dylan's work and seems a good laboratory for ... More

This chapter uses violence as the topic of exploration of “Love and Theft” and Modern Times, since the destructive life of humankind has run through Bob Dylan's work and seems a good laboratory for tests of relevance and significance. Violence is a bountiful device for several aesthetic satisfactions: frisson from descriptions of violent acts; psychological tension in the dramatic promise of violent conflict or its avoidance; the relief of a climactic narrative resolution; and the intellectual triumph of explicating the thesis, antithesis, synthesis that will become tomorrow's authoritative version of today's violence. By updating traditional folk themes of crime, corruption, revenge, and impulse with contemporary facts of racist brutality and Cold War terror, Dylan's songs struck listeners as a populist cultural tradition in the service of contemporary events.Less

Narrative in “Love and Theft,”Modern Times, and Tempest

Jonathan Hodgers

in Tearing the World Apart: Bob Dylan and the Twenty-First Century

This chapter demonstrates how Bob Dylan has shown a fondness for narrative both in his songwriting and his public persona, as seen from his self-mythologizing days in Greenwich Village to his memoir, ... More

This chapter demonstrates how Bob Dylan has shown a fondness for narrative both in his songwriting and his public persona, as seen from his self-mythologizing days in Greenwich Village to his memoir, Chronicles. It focuses on how “Love and Theft,”Modern Times, and Tempest continue to reflect Dylan's playful and experimental approach to the organizational framework of narrative, which in its broadest sense refers to the representation of a series of events. The chapter shows Dylan divesting from his work the idea of an autonomous, self-sufficient text, and situating his work in a longitudinal spectrum of literary influences where narratives are suggested laterally throughout an album, as well as historically via the use of preexisting text.Less

Dylan’s Direction Home through the World’s Mighty Opposites

Jamie Lorentzen

in Tearing the World Apart: Bob Dylan and the Twenty-First Century

This chapter examines how the destruction of the 9/11 incident, the ensuing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, Hurricane Katrina, and other formidable fires and floods constitute a sort of paralyzing ... More

This chapter examines how the destruction of the 9/11 incident, the ensuing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, Hurricane Katrina, and other formidable fires and floods constitute a sort of paralyzing Mississippi River fog upon the currents of this dawning century. Bob Dylan navigates bracingly between this world's mighty opposites, as seen when he produced the album “Love and Theft”, the film Masked and Anonymous, the first volume of his autobiography Chronicles, his interview in Martin Scorsese's film documentary No Direction Home, and the album Modern Times. The chapter also shows how tensions between romantic love and divine love, violence and frivolity, and homelessness and homecoming become more seamlessly joined together even as their contrary parts conspire to break apart.Less

“Everybody Got to Wonder What’s the Matter with this Cruel World Today”: Social Consciousness and Political Commentary in “Love and Theft” and Modern Times

Thad Williamson

in Tearing the World Apart: Bob Dylan and the Twenty-First Century

This concluding chapter shows that a common view among some observers of the contemporary Dylan, observing the pastiche of half-borrowed melodies and lyrics on both “Love and Theft” and Modern Times ... More

This concluding chapter shows that a common view among some observers of the contemporary Dylan, observing the pastiche of half-borrowed melodies and lyrics on both “Love and Theft” and Modern Times and questions that have been raised about the veracity of Chronicles, is that in fact Dylan is simply the consummate “bullshit artist.” However, the chapter rejects the claim that there is nothing coherent or compelling in Dylan's body of work. Writer Sean Wilentz, for instance, have shown that Dylan in fact has a powerful and well-educated mind honed not just by his personal experience but by wide, self-guided reading, particularly in American history.Less

The Black Market: Property, Freedom, and Fugitivity in Antebellum Life

Sharada Balachandran Orihuela

in Fugitives, Smugglers, and Thieves: Piracy and Personhood in American Literature

This chapter considers varied forms of political life made possible through the framework of theft. Recognizing that the hemispheric slave trade is a piratical act in the context of the novel, these ... More

This chapter considers varied forms of political life made possible through the framework of theft. Recognizing that the hemispheric slave trade is a piratical act in the context of the novel, these pages argue that Martin Delany and Frederick Douglass suggest that slaves too should engage in piratical economic behaviors as a response to the illegal commercial activities undergirding the peculiar institution. By exploring the economic impact of enslaved subjects as thieves, Black participation in the market emerges as a strategy that disrupts the proper operations of exchange and doubly creates a “b/Black” market. Illegal trade, in the hands of an enslaved population, is a way for enslaved bodies to stake claims to personhood and, ultimately, freedom. Read alongside the significant historical events of the mid-nineteenth century, Frederick Douglass’s My Bondage and My Freedom (1855) and Martin Delany’s Blake, or the Huts of America (1859-1862) frame an interest in the intersections of economic freedom and liberal principles as they come to bear on the enslaved Black subject in the nineteenth century.Less

A New Civic Motherhood?: The Evolution of Conservative Women’s Political Rhetoric

Melissa Deckman

in Tea Party Women: Mama Grizzlies, Grassroots Leaders, and the Changing Face of the American Right

This chapter identifies motherhood frames used by Tea Party women to explain their political activism and to inspire other conservative women and places Tea Party women in historical context.

Prevalence of Delinquency

Joy G. Dryfoos

in Adolescents at Risk: Prevalence and Prevention

The term delinquency suggests a wide range of behaviors from socially unacceptable acts performed early in childhood that parents describe as “naughty” and psychologists call “acting out” to ... More

The term delinquency suggests a wide range of behaviors from socially unacceptable acts performed early in childhood that parents describe as “naughty” and psychologists call “acting out” to violent and destructive illegal behaviors. The seriousness of the act and the age of the perpetrator further sharpens the definition. Acts such as robbery, aggravated assault, rape, and homicide are not age-related offenses. They are criminal acts whether committed by juveniles or adults and are categorized by the Federal Bureau of Investigation as index offenses. Other less serious offenses, such as running away, truancy, drinking under age, sexual promiscuity, and uncontrollability are categorized as status offenses, because they are performed by youth under a specified age which classifies them as juvenile offenses. States differ in their penal codes in regard to the age at which an individual moves from juvenile to adult jurisdiction. About three-fourths of the states have set age 18 as a maximum for defining juveniles, two states have set age 19 as a cutoff, seven states use 17, and four states (including New York) 16. Thus, running away from home at age 17 may be an offense in one state but not another. Almost every child at one time or another acts out, defies parents or teachers, tells lies, or commits minor acts of vandalism. Clearly, they are not all current or potential juvenile delinquents. Many of the behaviors that are considered delinquent are included in a psychiatric diagnosis called conduct disorder. The symptoms of this diagnosis include multiple behaviors extended over a six-month period; 17 behaviors are listed including truancy, stealing, cheating, running away, fire setting, cruelty to animals or persons, “unusually early” sexual intercourse, substance abuse, breaking and entering, and excessive fighting, among others. When three or more of these behaviors co-occur before age 15, and a child is considered unmanageable or out of control, then the clinical diagnosis is conduct disorder. Kazdin defines this disorder as a “pattern of antisocial behavior, when there is significant impairment in everyday functioning … and the behaviors are regarded as unmanageable by significant others.” Less

Beyond the Plantation

Sergio A. Lussana

in My Brother Slaves: "Friendship, Masculinity, and Resistance in the Antebellum South"

This chapter examines how enslaved men challenged and transgressed the spatial and temporal constraints imposed by slaveholders. Enslaved men left the plantation behind when they hunted, evaded the ... More

This chapter examines how enslaved men challenged and transgressed the spatial and temporal constraints imposed by slaveholders. Enslaved men left the plantation behind when they hunted, evaded the patrol gangs, and engaged in cross-plantation theft. Crossing into illicit out-of-bounds territory was extremely dangerous, and enslaved men often took part in these activities in the presence of other men. In these illicit, hazardous spaces, they tested one another, proved themselves to their peers, and established distinct male roles.Less

Emergency Department Psychiatry

Amber Fossey

in Oxford Assess and Progress: Psychiatry

All doctors working in the ED will regularly meet patients with acute mental health problems. Five percent of total ED attendees are attrib–utable to mental disorder. With nationwide ED attendances ... More

All doctors working in the ED will regularly meet patients with acute mental health problems. Five percent of total ED attendees are attrib–utable to mental disorder. With nationwide ED attendances averaging 400 000 per week during November to April 2013, the trend shows a growing pressure on emergency services. However, these figures repre–sent just the tip of the true burden of acute mental illness in our com–munities. Stigma, the healthcare funnel, and marginalization often mean that it is the sickest who finally present to the ED. It is also important to recognize the co-morbidity of mental illness and addictions in those seeking help for what initially appear to be physical complaints, as so often the mind and body are closely intertwined. Most common psychiatric presentations to the ED include DSH, alco–hol and substance misuse, delirium, acute psychosis, factitious disorders, medically unexplained symptoms (MUS), and acute stress reactions (such as to trauma). DSH is common but under-recognized. A quarter of people who die by suicide attended the ED in the preceding year. All patients in the ED presenting with self-harm should have a detailed psychosocial assessment. Alcohol is responsible for ?0% of all ED attendances. It is also an independent variable, raising the risk of DSH. Substance users are also frequent attendees, with high levels of medical morbidity and mortality. Patients with a dual diagnosis of substance use plus mental illness fre–quently present with multiple psychosocial problems. Acute psychosis may be caused by a functional disorder, such as schizophrenia, but organic conditions must also be considered. Where a patient is extremely disturbed in the ED, restraint and sedation may be necessary to enable safe and adequate assessment. Security presence may also be required to minimize the risk of violence, where this has been identified. Implications for working in the ED are that all doctors should famil–iarize themselves with the management of common acute psychiatric presentations. Know how to access local Trust rapid tranquillization guidelines. Read NICE guidelines for management of self-harm. Seize opportunities to screen for mental illness and social problems. Less

The juvenile court: property, place and play

Louise A. Jackson and Angela Bartie

in Policing youth: Britain, 1945-70

This chapter sets case studies of Manchester and Dundee within a broader comparative context to profile the kinds of cases that were dealt with by juvenile court magistrates. Firstly, it discusses ... More

This chapter sets case studies of Manchester and Dundee within a broader comparative context to profile the kinds of cases that were dealt with by juvenile court magistrates. Firstly, it discusses opportunities and incitements for theft in relation to patterns of youthful consumption and taste, as well as the effects of municipal re-housing and changes in the lay-out of urban space. Secondly it argues that contestation over the use of the city for play and recreation led to a significant proportion of juvenile court appearances in court, suggesting continuity with the interwar period. Finally, it discusses the ethos of the juvenile court itself, examining the criticisms of the system that led, ultimately, to divergence between England and Scotland with the setting up of the Children’s Hearing system north of the border after 1968.Less

Paradox, probability, and inductive knowledge

Krista Lawlor

in Assurance: An Austinian View of Knowledge and Knowledge Claims

Chapter 4 looks at some paradoxes in recent epistemology that can be resolved in light of the Austinian view of assurances. The paradoxes considered are each driven by a closure principle, roughly to ... More

Chapter 4 looks at some paradoxes in recent epistemology that can be resolved in light of the Austinian view of assurances. The paradoxes considered are each driven by a closure principle, roughly to the effect that knowledge is closed under known implication. The key to resolving these closure-based paradoxes is to restrict closure to apply only when the situation is held stable. Other possible restrictions on closure are considered. The Austinian view explains how we sometimes know uncertain propositions (propositions with known probability less than one). It is also shown how, contrary to what some believe, a reasonable alternatives theory can provide an account of inductive knowledge. Once again appeal to a standard of reasonableness is central.Less

“Pick the Flowers while They’re in Bloom”: The Contours of Bribery in the Agencies of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice

James Heinzen

in The Art of the Bribe: Corruption Under Stalin, 1943-1953

Chapter 2 shifts the focus to bribery among law enforcement and criminal justice officials. The enormous number of arrests for nonpolitical crimes, and the influx of those cases into the courts, ... More

Chapter 2 shifts the focus to bribery among law enforcement and criminal justice officials. The enormous number of arrests for nonpolitical crimes, and the influx of those cases into the courts, provides context for an upsurge of deal making in the overwhelmed legal agencies. Arrests gave rise to appeals, protests, and complaints. The sheer volume of cases created opportunity for judges and prosecutors to accept illicit gifts in exchange for reducing sentences or reviewing decisions, if they were willing to take the risk. In this sense, Stalin’s crackdown on the theft of “socialist property,” profiteering, and other economic and property crimes unexpectedly increased the prospects for offering and accepting bribes. Many petitioners, having lost confidence in the official channels, turned to potentially dangerous deals with officials.Less

Stolen Daughters and Stolen Idols

Sara Coodin

in Is Shylock Jewish?: Citing Scripture and the Moral Agency of Shakespeare's Jews

Chapter 3 continues the discussion of the Genesis Jacob cycle’s intertextual relationship to The Merchant of Venice, focusing intently on Shylock’s daughter Jessica. This chapter examines how ... More

Chapter 3 continues the discussion of the Genesis Jacob cycle’s intertextual relationship to The Merchant of Venice, focusing intently on Shylock’s daughter Jessica. This chapter examines how Jessica’s character is informed by two key biblical figures from that cycle of stories: Dinah and Rachel. The story of Dinah’s abduction by a non-Jewish prince contains several notable ambiguities on the question of her consent, which is sometimes figured as rape, other times as a love affair. By examining a series of different translations of Genesis 34, this chapter discusses how our understanding of Jessica’s motivations can be developed and explored through contemporary Renaissance renditions of Dinah’s story. Then, through a discussion of the biblical Rachel who, like Jessica, steals valuables belonging to her father, the chapter discusses how Renaissance writers used Rachel’s story to address women’s moral education in 16th and 17th century English conduct manuals. By examining ways in which Rachel was figured as an agent of liminality and transgression, this chapter offers new contexts for interpreting Jessica’s absconsion from her father’s Jewish household, her romance and marriage to Lorenzo, and her longed-for conversion to Christianity.Less

La Política De La Dignidad: Creating the Bracero Justice Movement

Mireya Loza

in Defiant Workers: Race, Sexuality, and the Political Visions of Braceros

Chapter 4 chronicles the contemporary organizing efforts of the Bracero Justice Movement (BJM) that seeks to recuperate the back wages withheld from braceros in the form of a ten percent deduction in ... More

Chapter 4 chronicles the contemporary organizing efforts of the Bracero Justice Movement (BJM) that seeks to recuperate the back wages withheld from braceros in the form of a ten percent deduction in each paycheck. The deduction was to be placed in a savings account that braceros would have access to upon their return to Mexico. The Mexican Government never implemented a system by which braceros could access these funds in an effective manner and thus the vast majority of braceros never received their full salary. This struggle represents one of the largest transnational legal cases for the recovery of back wages in the Americas. In 1998, the Bracero Pro-A organization began efforts to investigate this wage theft. Since then, Bracero Pro-A has led transnational efforts to regain these wages by suing Wells Fargo Bank, which managed the ten percent deductions and then turned it over to the Mexican government. By entering into litigation with the Mexican government in United States courts on behalf of braceros in the United States and working within the Mexican legal system, Bracero Pro-A stands at the forefront of the effort to regain the back wages of braceros. Beyond the issues of back wages, the BJM created a política de la dignidad, a politics of dignity, which works to recognize the historical exploitation and social injustices that occurred during the Bracero Program and the current marginalization of elderly ex-braceros.Less