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Milton and the Regicide

Martin Dzelzainis

in John Milton: Life, Writing, Reputation

This chapter discusses Milton and his idea of regicide. It discusses his The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates and the concepts of regicide, tyrranicide, and enemy found in his work. Milton's Tenure ... More

This chapter discusses Milton and his idea of regicide. It discusses his The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates and the concepts of regicide, tyrranicide, and enemy found in his work. Milton's Tenure asserts that a tyrannical ruler should no longer be regarded as one of the powers ordained by God and may be therefore be resisted like a private person who employs unjust force. The chapter also discusses his political theory and his emerging notion of resistance, including the significance of his method of not naming Charles Stuart as a public enemy or hostis in his Tenure.Less

Perhaps

Annabel Annabel

in Milton's Words

This chapter examines John Milton's use of the word perhaps in his works. Though Milton was not often tentative, he used perhaps several times in many of his works including Areopagitica, Tenure of ... More

This chapter examines John Milton's use of the word perhaps in his works. Though Milton was not often tentative, he used perhaps several times in many of his works including Areopagitica, Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, and Of Reformation. This chapter suggests that the pattern of Milton's use of perhaps is too strong to see as casual, especially when perhaps is nowhere used in a neutral or casual way in his church reform pamphlets.Less

Forging New Doors, 1974–1981

Myra Strober and John Donahoe

in Sharing the Work: What My Family and Career Taught Me about Breaking Through (and Holding the Door Open for Others)

The chapter opens with my becoming the founding director of the Center for Research on Women (CROW) and learning how to make it financially and programmatically viable. I receive considerable ... More

The chapter opens with my becoming the founding director of the Center for Research on Women (CROW) and learning how to make it financially and programmatically viable. I receive considerable assistance from Jing Lyman, wife of Stanford’s president, Richard Lyman. My research is on occupational gender segregation – why women and men are distributed so unevenly across occupations – and I begin working with David Tyack in the School of Education to study historical changes in the gender composition of teaching. I participate in the formation of the Feminist Studies teaching program and become one of the consultants hired by General Motors to help them combat discrimination against women who have been allowed to work on the assembly line for the first time. I come up for promotion and tenure at the Business School and am turned down, but eventually receive a promotion and tenure offer from the School of Education. The chapter ends with my son Jason’s Bar Mitzvah and my father’s death.Less

Introduction

Julee T. Flood and Terry L. Leap

in Managing Risk in High-Stakes Faculty Employment Decisions

The wide range of U.S. institutions of higher learning face a number of challenges such as the balance between faculty research, teaching, and service expectations, the high and, sometimes, ... More

The wide range of U.S. institutions of higher learning face a number of challenges such as the balance between faculty research, teaching, and service expectations, the high and, sometimes, prohibitive cost of a college education, eroding academic standards, heated debates over curriculum issues, administrative bloat, and the contentious nature of promotion and tenure decisions. Risk management is often the key to dealing with these issues.Less

The Trojan Horse

William Marvel

in Lincoln's Autocrat: The Life of Edwin Stanton

This chapter examines Edwin M. Stanton's surreptitious moves that it seems undermined Andrew Johnson's presidency. It begins by discussing the New Orleans riot and its impact on Johnson's ... More

This chapter examines Edwin M. Stanton's surreptitious moves that it seems undermined Andrew Johnson's presidency. It begins by discussing the New Orleans riot and its impact on Johnson's administration and how the president's obstinacy alienated him from a solid majority in Congress. It then considers Stanton's suppression of the telegram from Absalom Baird that was intended for Johnson; Johnson's tour of the North; Stanton's support for Joseph Holt, who was accused of suborning perjury in prosecuting the suspects in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln in 1865; Stanton's opposition to the Tenure of Office Act and faithlessness to Johnson's Southern policy; and the debate between Johnson and his cabinet over Henry Stanbery's evolving interpretation of the Reconstruction Acts.Less

Introduction: Written/Unwritten: The Gap Between Theory and Practice

Patricia A. Matthew

in Written/Unwritten: Diversity and the Hidden Truths of Tenure

The introduction argues that although the academy has a spoken (the written) commitment to diversity, the same attitudes (the unwritten) that kept faculty of color out of predominately white ... More

The introduction argues that although the academy has a spoken (the written) commitment to diversity, the same attitudes (the unwritten) that kept faculty of color out of predominately white institutions in the 1940s works against them during personnel reviews. It highlights examples of the current climate where meritocratic language is used as if it’s neutral, discusses how the work of program building that many scholars of color are called upon to do is undervalued, and argues that personal narratives about tenure process are vital to a clearer understanding of the system’s weaknesses. In addition to including quantitative data, the introduction offers a historical and contemporary context for the stories included in the anthology.Less

John Milton

in Shaping the Common Law: From Glanvill to Hale, 1188-1688

This chapter examines John Milton's Areopagitica, published in 1644, which reflects the complexity that a brilliant talent brings to a subject with which he has both a political engagement and a ... More

This chapter examines John Milton's Areopagitica, published in 1644, which reflects the complexity that a brilliant talent brings to a subject with which he has both a political engagement and a personal stake. Milton's reputation as an advocate of freedom of speech is balanced against his record as a zealous pamphleteer in The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates. Ultimately, Areopagitica remains known for Milton's call, “Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.” That eloquence must be heard as the voice of Milton's better angel.Less

Unmindful of the High Duties: Andrew Johnson

Harold H. Bruff

in Untrodden Ground: How Presidents Interpret the Constitution

Reconstruction occurred on a blank constitutional slate. President Andrew Johnson’s rigid character and outdated values adversely affected the nation’s approach to it. After following Abraham ... More

Reconstruction occurred on a blank constitutional slate. President Andrew Johnson’s rigid character and outdated values adversely affected the nation’s approach to it. After following Abraham Lincoln’s early policy, he formed his own constitutional approach to Reconstruction before Congress convened, using the pardon power to reconstruct rebel states with few of the conditions needed to protect the freed slaves. Congress then asserted its own constitutional primacy, overriding Johnson’s vetoes of its legislation. He resisted enforcing the statutes, in disregard of his faithful execution duty. He assailed the legitimacy of the Reconstruction Congress and resisted the Fourteenth Amendment. Eventually, he was impeached, and narrowly escaped conviction and removal. Ironically, he was impeached for defying an unconstitutional statute, the Tenure of Office Act, which restricted his command of the executive branch. He should have been removed for his failures of faithful execution. The disputed election of 1876 was another Electoral College crisis.Less

Ulysses S. Grant

Steven G. Calabresi and Christopher S. Yoo

in The Unitary Executive: Presidential Power from Washington to Bush

This chapter focuses on Ulysses S. Grant, the only president to serve eight consecutive years in the White House between the terms of Andrew Jackson and Woodrow Wilson. Grant became president after ... More

This chapter focuses on Ulysses S. Grant, the only president to serve eight consecutive years in the White House between the terms of Andrew Jackson and Woodrow Wilson. Grant became president after having served as general in chief for the entire Johnson administration, a position that allowed him to play a major administrative role in determining the course of Reconstruction. He immediately differentiated himself from Andrew Johnson through his inaugural address by pledging, “I will always express my views to Congress, and when I think it advisable, will exercise the constitutional privilege of interposing a veto. But all laws will be faithfully executed whether they meet my approval or not.” Grant's first big fight with Congress was to come over repeal of the infamous Tenure of Office Act, the statute that had nearly destroyed Johnson's presidency.Less

Law and Religion in Milton’s World

Alison A. Chapman

in The Legal Epic: Paradise Lost and the Early Modern Law

This chapter traces the degree to which the early modern period saw law as inextricably linked to disciplines such as philosophy, ethics, and especially theology. It discusses Milton's prose ... More

This chapter traces the degree to which the early modern period saw law as inextricably linked to disciplines such as philosophy, ethics, and especially theology. It discusses Milton's prose writings, including Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce, Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, and A Defense of the English People, to show how consistently Milton refuses to make a substantive distinction between divine law and human law. Like theology, law helps Milton understand how God's mind works. This chapter surveys the period's complex jurisdictional terrain, and the last section uses three prominent scholarly arguments about Paradise Lost (particularly the work of lawyer/Milton critic Stanley Fish) to indicate how modern assumptions about the nature of law have deflected attention away from the law/religion pairing so fundamental to Milton's poem.Less

Evolution or Devolution: The Future of the AAUP’s Committee A on Academic Freedom and Tenure

Cary Nelson

in No University Is an Island: Saving Academic Freedom

This concluding chapter provides an account of how the staff of the American Association of University Professors' (AAUP) Committee A on Academic Freedom and Tenure operates and provides suggestions ... More

This concluding chapter provides an account of how the staff of the American Association of University Professors' (AAUP) Committee A on Academic Freedom and Tenure operates and provides suggestions about how its departmental practices might be revised to better serve the profession. Its focus is on the culture of the office and of the department to help faculty members become better informed about how Committee A makes decisions and to initiate wide discussion of how that process might be updated and adapted to a changing world. The chapter draws from two incidents: the author's arrest at New York University as part of a demonstration on behalf of the university's graduate-student employees and the closure of Antioch College. These examples raise a more general concern about how the AAUP can balance its dual identities as both a quasi-judicial body and an advocacy organization.Less

Who Are the Faculty?

James W. Dean Jr. and Deborah Y. Clarke

in The Insider's Guide to Working with Universities: Practical Insights for Board Members, Businesspeople, Entrepreneurs, Philanthropists, Alumni, Parents, and Administrators

To many, the role of the faculty in academic institutions is unclear. It is important to understand how professors impact the reputational quality of a university. This chapter explores how faculty ... More

To many, the role of the faculty in academic institutions is unclear. It is important to understand how professors impact the reputational quality of a university. This chapter explores how faculty earn their doctor of philosophy (PhD) degrees, the differences between tenure-track and non-tenure track faculty positions, the academic promotion and tenure process, academic freedom, and shared governance.Less

‘Londini Sum Natus’: The Latin Voice of Milton’s Life Account in Defensio Secunda

John K. Hale

in Making Milton: Print, Authorship, Afterlives

This chapter explores Milton’s record of his own life and character in the Second Defence, to see what is lost in the translations or is becoming dulled by their familiarity. The chapter examines ... More

This chapter explores Milton’s record of his own life and character in the Second Defence, to see what is lost in the translations or is becoming dulled by their familiarity. The chapter examines sentence length, syntax, imagery, and more, to show that the plainness of the life account is not entirely plain, and certainly not flat. The presentation of his life modulates into his thought, and the style changes with it, into a more complex self-characterization, occasioned by the events of the crisis of Church and state to 1654, when Milton was 45. As a whole, the life account in Defensio Secunda does match other evidence, yet it was also composed as self-defence. Milton tells the truth, as he wishes it be seen, against outside vilification. The chapter elicits from close reading and from Latin style what can be revealed of Milton’s mind, ultimately asking: how open was it?Less

From abundance to land scarcity

Camilla Toulmin

in Land, Investment, and Migration: Thirty-five Years of Village Life in Mali

How could the village of Dlonguébougou (DBG), which boasted abundant land in 1980, find itself land scarce just 25 years later? The answer lies in part with a tripling of the village population, the ... More

How could the village of Dlonguébougou (DBG), which boasted abundant land in 1980, find itself land scarce just 25 years later? The answer lies in part with a tripling of the village population, the widespread use of oxen-drawn plough teams, and continued extensive patterns of farming. But, by far, the largest factor has been the arrival of many hundred incoming farmers from farther south, seeking land. Aerial photos and satellite images show the first wave in the late 1980s, from villages badly affected by bird damage to cereal crops, given their proximity to the irrigated lands of the Office du Niger, and the second wave unleashed by the establishment of N-Sukala, a sugar cane plantation 40 km to the southeast of DBG. Hundreds of families have lost their farmland to this irrigation scheme, and have migrated to seek land in neighbouring villages like DBG, putting further pressure on land.Less

Clergy

Mark Hill QC

in Ecclesiastical Law

This chapter focuses on the clergy of the Church of England. It first explains the process of selection and training for deacons and priests, along with their ordination, functions, and duties. It ... More

This chapter focuses on the clergy of the Church of England. It first explains the process of selection and training for deacons and priests, along with their ordination, functions, and duties. It then considers the status and responsibilities of incumbents, patronage, and presentation of a cleric to a benefice, and suspension of presentation. It also examines the institution, collation, and induction of a presentee as well as unbeneficed clergy such as assistant curates and priests-in-charge of parishes, the authority of priests to officiate under the Extra-Parochial Ministry Measure, the right of priests to hold office under Common Tenure, and the role of visitations in maintaining the discipline of the Church. The chapter concludes with a discussion of clergy retirement and removal, employment status of clergy, vacation of benefices, group and team ministries, and other church appointments including rural or area deans, archdeacons, diocesan bishops, suffragan bishops, and archbishops.Less