Joshua S. Bloom
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691145570
- eISBN:
- 9781400837007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691145570.003.0002
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
This chapter discusses the definition, emission, and central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Before the afterglow era, GRBs were essentially defined by observations of their high-energy emission. ...
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This chapter discusses the definition, emission, and central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Before the afterglow era, GRBs were essentially defined by observations of their high-energy emission. The landscape of such observations—the light curves and spectra of the events—exhibits at once great diversity and elements of commonality that bind different events together. GRBs are like fingerprints: no two are alike, but they share common properties. Those common elements provide strong constraints both on the nature of the “engine” that supplies the energy to the event and the physical processes that drive the emission we see. Since the 1990s, GRB monitors in space have observed more than one hundred GRBs. Since 2004, the NASA GRB satellite called Swift has been discovering GRBs at a rate of about two per week.Less
This chapter discusses the definition, emission, and central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Before the afterglow era, GRBs were essentially defined by observations of their high-energy emission. The landscape of such observations—the light curves and spectra of the events—exhibits at once great diversity and elements of commonality that bind different events together. GRBs are like fingerprints: no two are alike, but they share common properties. Those common elements provide strong constraints both on the nature of the “engine” that supplies the energy to the event and the physical processes that drive the emission we see. Since the 1990s, GRB monitors in space have observed more than one hundred GRBs. Since 2004, the NASA GRB satellite called Swift has been discovering GRBs at a rate of about two per week.
S. J. Connolly
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199543472
- eISBN:
- 9780191716553
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199543472.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Continued friction over Ireland's constitutional status found expression in key texts of patriot constitutional argument by William Molyneux and Jonathan Swift. Following the Wood's Halfpence ...
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Continued friction over Ireland's constitutional status found expression in key texts of patriot constitutional argument by William Molyneux and Jonathan Swift. Following the Wood's Halfpence controversy the emergence of a working arrangement between government and local undertakers, based on a sharing of official patronage, brought greater stability. Charles Lucas's challenge to the system, coming from outside the political elite, was ruthlessly crushed. But the Money Bill dispute of 1753-6, initiated by the leading undertaker Henry Boyle in response to a challenge from the rising Ponsonby interest and the primate George Stone, divided the political elite and aroused popular political discontent.Less
Continued friction over Ireland's constitutional status found expression in key texts of patriot constitutional argument by William Molyneux and Jonathan Swift. Following the Wood's Halfpence controversy the emergence of a working arrangement between government and local undertakers, based on a sharing of official patronage, brought greater stability. Charles Lucas's challenge to the system, coming from outside the political elite, was ruthlessly crushed. But the Money Bill dispute of 1753-6, initiated by the leading undertaker Henry Boyle in response to a challenge from the rising Ponsonby interest and the primate George Stone, divided the political elite and aroused popular political discontent.
Louise Barnett
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195188660
- eISBN:
- 9780199851065
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188660.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
Building upon recent research on the history of women, this book examines Swift, both as man and writer, in terms of women: women as intimates, acquaintances, subjects of satire, and those who wrote ...
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Building upon recent research on the history of women, this book examines Swift, both as man and writer, in terms of women: women as intimates, acquaintances, subjects of satire, and those who wrote about Swift. The book considers women as mothers and nurses in Swift's personal life and his fictions, and it explores the issue that has persisted from the eighteenth century into our own time: the subject of misogyny in Swift's writings.Less
Building upon recent research on the history of women, this book examines Swift, both as man and writer, in terms of women: women as intimates, acquaintances, subjects of satire, and those who wrote about Swift. The book considers women as mothers and nurses in Swift's personal life and his fictions, and it explores the issue that has persisted from the eighteenth century into our own time: the subject of misogyny in Swift's writings.
Robert Wyatt and John Andrew Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195327113
- eISBN:
- 9780199851249
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327113.003.0003
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
This chapter presents composer Kay Swift's opinion about George Gershwin. It explains that in addition to their romantic relationship, Swift and Gershwin enjoyed camaraderie as creative artists. ...
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This chapter presents composer Kay Swift's opinion about George Gershwin. It explains that in addition to their romantic relationship, Swift and Gershwin enjoyed camaraderie as creative artists. Swift believed that Gershwin resembled his music and he always looked taller that his actual height because he was slim, long-legged, and fast-moving. She described her experience in scoring for Gershwin's Preludes for Piano and Porgy and Bess and in studying composition with Joseph Schillinger.Less
This chapter presents composer Kay Swift's opinion about George Gershwin. It explains that in addition to their romantic relationship, Swift and Gershwin enjoyed camaraderie as creative artists. Swift believed that Gershwin resembled his music and he always looked taller that his actual height because he was slim, long-legged, and fast-moving. She described her experience in scoring for Gershwin's Preludes for Piano and Porgy and Bess and in studying composition with Joseph Schillinger.
John Kekes
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199546923
- eISBN:
- 9780191720109
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546923.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Personal evaluation leads to actions. Rawls' approach to personal evaluation is flawed. Internal and external evaluations are examined. Dominant activities are one's projects in life. The projects of ...
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Personal evaluation leads to actions. Rawls' approach to personal evaluation is flawed. Internal and external evaluations are examined. Dominant activities are one's projects in life. The projects of Johnson's Swift and Gissing's Ryecroft are discussed. Projects can lead to good lives even if they do not succeed, because engagement in what one cares about is what matters.Less
Personal evaluation leads to actions. Rawls' approach to personal evaluation is flawed. Internal and external evaluations are examined. Dominant activities are one's projects in life. The projects of Johnson's Swift and Gissing's Ryecroft are discussed. Projects can lead to good lives even if they do not succeed, because engagement in what one cares about is what matters.
John Kekes
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199546923
- eISBN:
- 9780191720109
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546923.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Manner is important to good lives when it reflects one's individuality. Carlo Levi's manner did that, because his attitude to what he most deeply cared about was coherent, and he lived an enjoyable ...
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Manner is important to good lives when it reflects one's individuality. Carlo Levi's manner did that, because his attitude to what he most deeply cared about was coherent, and he lived an enjoyable life under difficult circumstances. Swift's manner did not, because his attitude was incoherent, and he lived miserably under favorable circumstances. The adequacy of attitudes depends on their coherence, realism, and endurance.Less
Manner is important to good lives when it reflects one's individuality. Carlo Levi's manner did that, because his attitude to what he most deeply cared about was coherent, and he lived an enjoyable life under difficult circumstances. Swift's manner did not, because his attitude was incoherent, and he lived miserably under favorable circumstances. The adequacy of attitudes depends on their coherence, realism, and endurance.
Louise Barnett
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195188660
- eISBN:
- 9780199851065
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188660.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
Jonathan Swift's relations with women, and particular representations of women in his works, have obtained strong reactions and tempted assumption from his own generation to ours. Swift never ...
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Jonathan Swift's relations with women, and particular representations of women in his works, have obtained strong reactions and tempted assumption from his own generation to ours. Swift never married, and there is no proof that he ever had a sexual relationship. Sexual pleasure is not injected into his writing, much less valorized, and implied references to sex are negative. As a satirist, Swift is often instructive, but when he turns his focus to a couple's wedding night and discusses proper marital behavior, sex is concealed by excretion. At the same time that he criticized women as a sex and as a gender, Swift also collected a positive record of friendship with and admiration of individual women. The closest and most content of his relationships with women was with Esther Johnson, an intimate friendship that started from youth into middle age and ended only with her death.Less
Jonathan Swift's relations with women, and particular representations of women in his works, have obtained strong reactions and tempted assumption from his own generation to ours. Swift never married, and there is no proof that he ever had a sexual relationship. Sexual pleasure is not injected into his writing, much less valorized, and implied references to sex are negative. As a satirist, Swift is often instructive, but when he turns his focus to a couple's wedding night and discusses proper marital behavior, sex is concealed by excretion. At the same time that he criticized women as a sex and as a gender, Swift also collected a positive record of friendship with and admiration of individual women. The closest and most content of his relationships with women was with Esther Johnson, an intimate friendship that started from youth into middle age and ended only with her death.
Mark Currie
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748624249
- eISBN:
- 9780748652037
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748624249.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This book brings together ideas about time from narrative theory and philosophy. It argues that literary criticism and narratology have approached narrative primarily as a form of retrospect, and ...
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This book brings together ideas about time from narrative theory and philosophy. It argues that literary criticism and narratology have approached narrative primarily as a form of retrospect, and demonstrates through a series of arguments and readings that anticipation and other forms of projection into the future offer new analytical perspectives to narrative criticism and theory. The book offers an account of ‘prolepsis’ or ‘flashforward’ in the contemporary novel that retrieves it from the realm of experimentation and places it at the heart of a contemporary mode of being, both personal and collective, which experiences the present as the object of a future memory. With reference to some of the most important recent developments in the philosophy of time, it aims to define a set of questions about tense and temporal reference in narrative that make it possible to reconsider the function of stories in contemporary culture. The text also reopens traditional questions about the difference between literature and philosophy in relation to knowledge of time. In the context of these questions, it offers analyses of a range of contemporary fiction by writers such as Ali Smith, Ian McEwan, Martin Amis and Graham Swift.Less
This book brings together ideas about time from narrative theory and philosophy. It argues that literary criticism and narratology have approached narrative primarily as a form of retrospect, and demonstrates through a series of arguments and readings that anticipation and other forms of projection into the future offer new analytical perspectives to narrative criticism and theory. The book offers an account of ‘prolepsis’ or ‘flashforward’ in the contemporary novel that retrieves it from the realm of experimentation and places it at the heart of a contemporary mode of being, both personal and collective, which experiences the present as the object of a future memory. With reference to some of the most important recent developments in the philosophy of time, it aims to define a set of questions about tense and temporal reference in narrative that make it possible to reconsider the function of stories in contemporary culture. The text also reopens traditional questions about the difference between literature and philosophy in relation to knowledge of time. In the context of these questions, it offers analyses of a range of contemporary fiction by writers such as Ali Smith, Ian McEwan, Martin Amis and Graham Swift.
Shirshendu Chakrabarti
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198182887
- eISBN:
- 9780191673900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198182887.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, Women's Literature, 18th-century Literature
Swift’s Directions to Servants remains a curiously neglected or underrated work: critics in the past have usually regarded this unfinished piece as a straightforward, meticulously observed exposure ...
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Swift’s Directions to Servants remains a curiously neglected or underrated work: critics in the past have usually regarded this unfinished piece as a straightforward, meticulously observed exposure of menial parasitism and duplicity. They have either dismissed it on grounds of its ‘low’ material, its flatness and triviality, or expressed revulsion at the copious and gratuitous documentation of nastiness that stifles its comic potential. This chapter suggests that in view of the changing relations between the ruling and the serving classes in the 18th century, the ancient lineage and persistent appeal of advice-books for servants make Swift’s satire on them historically prescient. Like Machiavelli in The Prince, he chooses the vantage-point of actual practice in order to expose from within the bookish obsolescence of concepts and categories. Ehrenpreis himself arrives at an intuitive recognition of the subversive possibilities of the Directions: ‘In final effect the piece is sometimes obsessional; one has a disquieting sense that Swift is competing with the servants’. The chapter attempts to probe this ‘obsessional’ quality and ‘disquieting sense’ in the perilous context of unprecedented social mobility. Swift makes master and servant barely distinguishable from each other as part of his comic search for identity through the erasure of familiar hierarchical margins.Less
Swift’s Directions to Servants remains a curiously neglected or underrated work: critics in the past have usually regarded this unfinished piece as a straightforward, meticulously observed exposure of menial parasitism and duplicity. They have either dismissed it on grounds of its ‘low’ material, its flatness and triviality, or expressed revulsion at the copious and gratuitous documentation of nastiness that stifles its comic potential. This chapter suggests that in view of the changing relations between the ruling and the serving classes in the 18th century, the ancient lineage and persistent appeal of advice-books for servants make Swift’s satire on them historically prescient. Like Machiavelli in The Prince, he chooses the vantage-point of actual practice in order to expose from within the bookish obsolescence of concepts and categories. Ehrenpreis himself arrives at an intuitive recognition of the subversive possibilities of the Directions: ‘In final effect the piece is sometimes obsessional; one has a disquieting sense that Swift is competing with the servants’. The chapter attempts to probe this ‘obsessional’ quality and ‘disquieting sense’ in the perilous context of unprecedented social mobility. Swift makes master and servant barely distinguishable from each other as part of his comic search for identity through the erasure of familiar hierarchical margins.
Sylvia Harcstark Myers
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198117674
- eISBN:
- 9780191671043
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198117674.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry, Women's Literature
In 1734 Swift wrote to Mary Granville: ‘A pernicious error prevails…that it is the duty of your sex to be fools’. As Mrs Delaney, she was to become one of a group of intelligent women who actively ...
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In 1734 Swift wrote to Mary Granville: ‘A pernicious error prevails…that it is the duty of your sex to be fools’. As Mrs Delaney, she was to become one of a group of intelligent women who actively denied such a duty, and whose literary receptions drew in many of the finest minds of the day. This book traces the rise, development, and decline of the Bluestocking Circle, between 1740 and 1800, through a close analysis of the lives and works of the women who made up the group. Drawing substantially on previously unpublished information and quoting widely from the group's letters to each other, the author supplies much detail on the relationships, social lives, and writings of the Circle.Less
In 1734 Swift wrote to Mary Granville: ‘A pernicious error prevails…that it is the duty of your sex to be fools’. As Mrs Delaney, she was to become one of a group of intelligent women who actively denied such a duty, and whose literary receptions drew in many of the finest minds of the day. This book traces the rise, development, and decline of the Bluestocking Circle, between 1740 and 1800, through a close analysis of the lives and works of the women who made up the group. Drawing substantially on previously unpublished information and quoting widely from the group's letters to each other, the author supplies much detail on the relationships, social lives, and writings of the Circle.
Anne Cotterill
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261178
- eISBN:
- 9780191717598
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261178.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This epilogue argues that in anger at, yet sensitive mimicry of, the discursive freedom of Dryden and other ‘moderns’ in the marketplace, Swift's A Tale of a Tub (1704) heightens the self-authorizing ...
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This epilogue argues that in anger at, yet sensitive mimicry of, the discursive freedom of Dryden and other ‘moderns’ in the marketplace, Swift's A Tale of a Tub (1704) heightens the self-authorizing voice of digression into a monster of fragment and miscellany. Swift understood the danger of digressiveness to the straight line of narrative and logic, to traditional lines of authority and hierarchy. He angrily conflates Dryden's liberties in his digressive prefaces and the laureate's claims in his late work for an alternate family of fathers and sons based on textual offspring, an exclusive genealogy of fathers and heirs, with the iconoclastic religious and sexual liberties of sectarian zealots and with the digressing, orphaned sons of the allegory. The digression becomes synonymous with the Hack's chaotic writing voice, a mind disconnected from any body — disinherited from the parent narrative of the ancients and in permanent exile of modernity on the popular page.Less
This epilogue argues that in anger at, yet sensitive mimicry of, the discursive freedom of Dryden and other ‘moderns’ in the marketplace, Swift's A Tale of a Tub (1704) heightens the self-authorizing voice of digression into a monster of fragment and miscellany. Swift understood the danger of digressiveness to the straight line of narrative and logic, to traditional lines of authority and hierarchy. He angrily conflates Dryden's liberties in his digressive prefaces and the laureate's claims in his late work for an alternate family of fathers and sons based on textual offspring, an exclusive genealogy of fathers and heirs, with the iconoclastic religious and sexual liberties of sectarian zealots and with the digressing, orphaned sons of the allegory. The digression becomes synonymous with the Hack's chaotic writing voice, a mind disconnected from any body — disinherited from the parent narrative of the ancients and in permanent exile of modernity on the popular page.
Harold Love
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198112198
- eISBN:
- 9780191670695
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198112198.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature
This chapter discusses the origin and growth to maturity of one particular tradition of scribal publication. It details the transmissions and developments of the different scriptorial satires in the ...
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This chapter discusses the origin and growth to maturity of one particular tradition of scribal publication. It details the transmissions and developments of the different scriptorial satires in the seventeenth century. During this period, the author–publisher yields place to the organized entrepreneur, selling directly to a clientele established through personal contact or to the customers of a particular bookseller but not, apparently, through the book trade to the public at large. It explores the court lampoon in London which had a place in the culture of gossip that ensured both that new compositions would be widely talked about and that women as well as men would be keen to secure copies. It examines the interactions of the two media in the work of a single writer, Jonathan Swift, who, more than any other, was to recreate the political values of the scribally published text within the triumphant rival medium.Less
This chapter discusses the origin and growth to maturity of one particular tradition of scribal publication. It details the transmissions and developments of the different scriptorial satires in the seventeenth century. During this period, the author–publisher yields place to the organized entrepreneur, selling directly to a clientele established through personal contact or to the customers of a particular bookseller but not, apparently, through the book trade to the public at large. It explores the court lampoon in London which had a place in the culture of gossip that ensured both that new compositions would be widely talked about and that women as well as men would be keen to secure copies. It examines the interactions of the two media in the work of a single writer, Jonathan Swift, who, more than any other, was to recreate the political values of the scribally published text within the triumphant rival medium.
David Francis Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780300223750
- eISBN:
- 9780300235593
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300223750.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This book explores how the works of William Shakespeare, John Milton, Jonathan Swift, and others were taken up by caricaturists as a means of helping the eighteenth-century British public make sense ...
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This book explores how the works of William Shakespeare, John Milton, Jonathan Swift, and others were taken up by caricaturists as a means of helping the eighteenth-century British public make sense of political issues, outrages, and personalities. The first in-depth exploration of the relationship between literature and visual satire in this period, the book explores how great texts, seen through the lens of visual parody, shape how we understand the political world. It offers a fascinating, novel approach to literary history.Less
This book explores how the works of William Shakespeare, John Milton, Jonathan Swift, and others were taken up by caricaturists as a means of helping the eighteenth-century British public make sense of political issues, outrages, and personalities. The first in-depth exploration of the relationship between literature and visual satire in this period, the book explores how great texts, seen through the lens of visual parody, shape how we understand the political world. It offers a fascinating, novel approach to literary history.
W.J. Mc Cormack
- Published in print:
- 1985
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198128069
- eISBN:
- 9780191671630
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198128069.003.0011
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter discusses the tradition, a significant idea introduced by T. S. Eliot and F. R. Leavis. This chapter discusses the problematic nature of the concept of tradition in the modernist ...
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This chapter discusses the tradition, a significant idea introduced by T. S. Eliot and F. R. Leavis. This chapter discusses the problematic nature of the concept of tradition in the modernist generation and Yeats' own attempt to relate poetry to tradition in his essay of 1907. A brief discussion of the Victorian treatment of Swift, Berkeley, and Burke, including the Yeatsian landscape, is included as well. The chapter also gives a broader discussion on the nature of Anglo-Irish literature to provide a better understanding of the complex issues raised by the play Purgatory which is Yeats's ultimate interrogation of tradition.Less
This chapter discusses the tradition, a significant idea introduced by T. S. Eliot and F. R. Leavis. This chapter discusses the problematic nature of the concept of tradition in the modernist generation and Yeats' own attempt to relate poetry to tradition in his essay of 1907. A brief discussion of the Victorian treatment of Swift, Berkeley, and Burke, including the Yeatsian landscape, is included as well. The chapter also gives a broader discussion on the nature of Anglo-Irish literature to provide a better understanding of the complex issues raised by the play Purgatory which is Yeats's ultimate interrogation of tradition.
John W. Boyer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226242514
- eISBN:
- 9780226242651
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226242651.003.0004
- Subject:
- Education, History of Education
This chapter takes up the story after Harper’s death in 1906, explaining the role that Harry Pratt Judson played in stabilizing the University’s finances and in leading it during World War I. ...
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This chapter takes up the story after Harper’s death in 1906, explaining the role that Harry Pratt Judson played in stabilizing the University’s finances and in leading it during World War I. Judson’s conservative management style eventually led to serious discontent among senior faculty, and after 1920 pressures emerged for new leadership that would re-capture the excitement and innovation of the Harper era. The chapter then explores the extremely important work of Ernest Burton, who followed Judson as President in 1923 and who revitalized university planning and launched the first major fundraising campaign in the University’s history. Burton’s schemes to strengthen the undergraduate College by developing large scale residential life programs met significant resistance on the part of a key group of senior, research-oriented faculty, establishing a pattern of tensions between the faculty and the administration over the future of undergraduate education at Chicago which endured for the rest of the Twentieth Century.Less
This chapter takes up the story after Harper’s death in 1906, explaining the role that Harry Pratt Judson played in stabilizing the University’s finances and in leading it during World War I. Judson’s conservative management style eventually led to serious discontent among senior faculty, and after 1920 pressures emerged for new leadership that would re-capture the excitement and innovation of the Harper era. The chapter then explores the extremely important work of Ernest Burton, who followed Judson as President in 1923 and who revitalized university planning and launched the first major fundraising campaign in the University’s history. Burton’s schemes to strengthen the undergraduate College by developing large scale residential life programs met significant resistance on the part of a key group of senior, research-oriented faculty, establishing a pattern of tensions between the faculty and the administration over the future of undergraduate education at Chicago which endured for the rest of the Twentieth Century.
Paula McDowell
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198183952
- eISBN:
- 9780191674143
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198183952.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature, 18th-century Literature
By 1714, when she pretended to renounce politics as ‘not the business of a Woman’, Delarivier Manley was a recognized force as a political writer. In 1709, she was arrested for The New Atalantis, ...
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By 1714, when she pretended to renounce politics as ‘not the business of a Woman’, Delarivier Manley was a recognized force as a political writer. In 1709, she was arrested for The New Atalantis, which encouraged critical scrutiny of those in power. Chapter 5 examines Manley's personal and political strategies as an author, showing how she attempted to legitimize her career as England's first avowed female political propagandist. Manley created a space for her innovative fictions by representing herself as a female intelligence agent of the private sphere. This chapter also suggests how Manley's changing authorial self representations foreshadow the changing relationship of women writers to the political press by the mid-eighteenth century. Manley's autobiographical Adventures of Rivella, and her pretended retirement from ‘Politicks and State- Reflections,’ foreshadows women writers' turn away from explicitly polemical political writing and genres, towards more ‘polite’ textual practices and literary forms (especially the novel).Less
By 1714, when she pretended to renounce politics as ‘not the business of a Woman’, Delarivier Manley was a recognized force as a political writer. In 1709, she was arrested for The New Atalantis, which encouraged critical scrutiny of those in power. Chapter 5 examines Manley's personal and political strategies as an author, showing how she attempted to legitimize her career as England's first avowed female political propagandist. Manley created a space for her innovative fictions by representing herself as a female intelligence agent of the private sphere. This chapter also suggests how Manley's changing authorial self representations foreshadow the changing relationship of women writers to the political press by the mid-eighteenth century. Manley's autobiographical Adventures of Rivella, and her pretended retirement from ‘Politicks and State- Reflections,’ foreshadows women writers' turn away from explicitly polemical political writing and genres, towards more ‘polite’ textual practices and literary forms (especially the novel).
Brean S. Hammond
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198112990
- eISBN:
- 9780191670909
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198112990.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature, 18th-century Literature
This chapter argues that the tendency in recent liberal-humanist constructions of Pope, Swift, and Gay has been to bring the writers together into group solidarity despite the many temperamental and ...
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This chapter argues that the tendency in recent liberal-humanist constructions of Pope, Swift, and Gay has been to bring the writers together into group solidarity despite the many temperamental and personal differences that are allowed to exist between them; but that the breakdown of the liberal-humanist consensus in scholarship and criticism apparent in 18th-century studies in the 1980s resulted in a fierce reaction to such brother-bonding, especially from feminists. Currently, scholars are more aware of the distance separating the writers than of their proximity. A case is made for reconceiving the writing of Pope, Swift, and Gay as well as Henry Fielding as informed by a cultural politics that is its most important distinguishing feature. While giving full weight to the very different ways in which it is embodied, the chapter contends that a common cultural politics contours the writing of this group. It concludes with a brief account of Aaron Hill's career, a relatively neglected writer whose ubiquity and centrality is beyond doubt. His importance to this study is that he combines elements of the Whig-derived ideology of politeness and the aesthetic canons that derive from it with elements of the Scriblerian politics of decline.Less
This chapter argues that the tendency in recent liberal-humanist constructions of Pope, Swift, and Gay has been to bring the writers together into group solidarity despite the many temperamental and personal differences that are allowed to exist between them; but that the breakdown of the liberal-humanist consensus in scholarship and criticism apparent in 18th-century studies in the 1980s resulted in a fierce reaction to such brother-bonding, especially from feminists. Currently, scholars are more aware of the distance separating the writers than of their proximity. A case is made for reconceiving the writing of Pope, Swift, and Gay as well as Henry Fielding as informed by a cultural politics that is its most important distinguishing feature. While giving full weight to the very different ways in which it is embodied, the chapter contends that a common cultural politics contours the writing of this group. It concludes with a brief account of Aaron Hill's career, a relatively neglected writer whose ubiquity and centrality is beyond doubt. His importance to this study is that he combines elements of the Whig-derived ideology of politeness and the aesthetic canons that derive from it with elements of the Scriblerian politics of decline.
Louise Barnett
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195188660
- eISBN:
- 9780199851065
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188660.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
Swift's general censure of women as a frolicsome sex offers a context for his praise of the two women with whom he had lasting and admiring relationships, Stella and Vanessa. In fact, he praises the ...
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Swift's general censure of women as a frolicsome sex offers a context for his praise of the two women with whom he had lasting and admiring relationships, Stella and Vanessa. In fact, he praises the two favored women only by picturing them as distinct from all other women, who are, for him, terrible. The women Swift liked and approved for their nonphysical attributes had bodies, too, but he preferred to look away from this reality and foreground those character traits that qualified them for his friendship. References to the beauty of Stella and Vanessa are abstract and speedily presented; in the poems for Stella, allusions to her physical person typically draw focus to the effects of age. Bodies hint the sexual relationship Swift did not want to have with Stella or Vanessa, or indeed, once the pattern of his adult life was made, with any woman.Less
Swift's general censure of women as a frolicsome sex offers a context for his praise of the two women with whom he had lasting and admiring relationships, Stella and Vanessa. In fact, he praises the two favored women only by picturing them as distinct from all other women, who are, for him, terrible. The women Swift liked and approved for their nonphysical attributes had bodies, too, but he preferred to look away from this reality and foreground those character traits that qualified them for his friendship. References to the beauty of Stella and Vanessa are abstract and speedily presented; in the poems for Stella, allusions to her physical person typically draw focus to the effects of age. Bodies hint the sexual relationship Swift did not want to have with Stella or Vanessa, or indeed, once the pattern of his adult life was made, with any woman.
Louise Barnett
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195188660
- eISBN:
- 9780199851065
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188660.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
A scholar who has dedicated his professional career to studying Swift starts an essay on “Stella's Books” with the following statement: “About Esther Johnson, better known to the world by the name of ...
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A scholar who has dedicated his professional career to studying Swift starts an essay on “Stella's Books” with the following statement: “About Esther Johnson, better known to the world by the name of Stella, we know next to nothing. After 250 years, we are still in the dark about her parentage, her childhood, and her removal to Ireland, as well as about the nature of her relationship with Jonathan Swift.” What little is known of the woman who was Swift's particular friend in Ireland for some 27 years comes primarily from Swift himself. Of the people who knew Stella personally, the only other writer to set down his opinions—briefly, and almost 30 years after her death—was Patrick Delany.Less
A scholar who has dedicated his professional career to studying Swift starts an essay on “Stella's Books” with the following statement: “About Esther Johnson, better known to the world by the name of Stella, we know next to nothing. After 250 years, we are still in the dark about her parentage, her childhood, and her removal to Ireland, as well as about the nature of her relationship with Jonathan Swift.” What little is known of the woman who was Swift's particular friend in Ireland for some 27 years comes primarily from Swift himself. Of the people who knew Stella personally, the only other writer to set down his opinions—briefly, and almost 30 years after her death—was Patrick Delany.
Louise Barnett
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195188660
- eISBN:
- 9780199851065
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188660.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
Swift's observation to Knightley Chetwode manifests both his caution and his fear, characteristics that famously inform his association with Vanessa. She, in contrast, is linked with the fervent ...
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Swift's observation to Knightley Chetwode manifests both his caution and his fear, characteristics that famously inform his association with Vanessa. She, in contrast, is linked with the fervent importuning and misery of the 1720 letter cited at the start, a description that deforms the Swift–Vanessa correspondence and by extension their long involvement. Because of the emotional and secret nature of the relationship Swift carried on with Vanessa, his efforts to marginalize and erase her are understandable. That, unlike Stella, she avoided his control was due as much to the difference in socioeconomic condition between the two women as to their difference of temperament. Vanessa not only saved and numbered Swift's letters to her, she made copies of her own letters to him, all that has survived of her side of their correspondence. In the many occasions where no reply of Swift's exists to one of these drafts, we cannot be certain that she actually sent the letter, or conversely, that Swift's reply has not been lost.Less
Swift's observation to Knightley Chetwode manifests both his caution and his fear, characteristics that famously inform his association with Vanessa. She, in contrast, is linked with the fervent importuning and misery of the 1720 letter cited at the start, a description that deforms the Swift–Vanessa correspondence and by extension their long involvement. Because of the emotional and secret nature of the relationship Swift carried on with Vanessa, his efforts to marginalize and erase her are understandable. That, unlike Stella, she avoided his control was due as much to the difference in socioeconomic condition between the two women as to their difference of temperament. Vanessa not only saved and numbered Swift's letters to her, she made copies of her own letters to him, all that has survived of her side of their correspondence. In the many occasions where no reply of Swift's exists to one of these drafts, we cannot be certain that she actually sent the letter, or conversely, that Swift's reply has not been lost.
