Maarten A. Hajer
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198293330
- eISBN:
- 9780191599408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829333X.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Contextualizes the contemporary environmental conflict in the tradition of thinking about man and nature relationships. Discusses the origins of environmentalism and gives a detailed interpretation ...
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Contextualizes the contemporary environmental conflict in the tradition of thinking about man and nature relationships. Discusses the origins of environmentalism and gives a detailed interpretation of the recent history from Blueprint for Survival to the new discourse of ecological modernization of the 1980s and 1990s. Explains how this new discourse could emerge.Less
Contextualizes the contemporary environmental conflict in the tradition of thinking about man and nature relationships. Discusses the origins of environmentalism and gives a detailed interpretation of the recent history from Blueprint for Survival to the new discourse of ecological modernization of the 1980s and 1990s. Explains how this new discourse could emerge.
Barbara K. Jones
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781683401049
- eISBN:
- 9781683401728
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683401049.003.0010
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
The ecosystem services model plays a critical role in explaining how natural resources can be turned into wild or natural capital. The logic of economics relies on weighing the measurable values of ...
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The ecosystem services model plays a critical role in explaining how natural resources can be turned into wild or natural capital. The logic of economics relies on weighing the measurable values of competing choices when making decisions. Through that process, if we value the functions and products of ecosystems that benefit humans or yield welfare to society, we become better stewards of the natural world. For this book’s purposes, ecotourism as a cultural service clearly demonstrates how consumers of outdoor recreation see value in activities like wildlife viewing or hiking in nature. For wild nature to persist, however, it must be part of a larger system that is bound not only by biological ties, but by economic and cultural incentives as well. Since the boundaries that determine human and wild nature’s space are rather fluid and rarely entirely isolated from the other, using ecotourism to help assign nature value is logical. By offering individuals the opportunity to see nature through a variety of lenses, nature can be protected and preserved in different degrees. If nature and wildlife remain outside our human experience, however, inspiring the love and concern necessary for its survival becomes more and more difficult.Less
The ecosystem services model plays a critical role in explaining how natural resources can be turned into wild or natural capital. The logic of economics relies on weighing the measurable values of competing choices when making decisions. Through that process, if we value the functions and products of ecosystems that benefit humans or yield welfare to society, we become better stewards of the natural world. For this book’s purposes, ecotourism as a cultural service clearly demonstrates how consumers of outdoor recreation see value in activities like wildlife viewing or hiking in nature. For wild nature to persist, however, it must be part of a larger system that is bound not only by biological ties, but by economic and cultural incentives as well. Since the boundaries that determine human and wild nature’s space are rather fluid and rarely entirely isolated from the other, using ecotourism to help assign nature value is logical. By offering individuals the opportunity to see nature through a variety of lenses, nature can be protected and preserved in different degrees. If nature and wildlife remain outside our human experience, however, inspiring the love and concern necessary for its survival becomes more and more difficult.
Judith Chazin-Bennahum
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195399332
- eISBN:
- 9780199897025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195399332.003.0010
- Subject:
- Music, Dance
This chapter documents the sad, miserable conclusion to Blum’s life, documented by his personal journal, letters, homages, and books. It begins with Blum’s assertion that he had to return to France ...
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This chapter documents the sad, miserable conclusion to Blum’s life, documented by his personal journal, letters, homages, and books. It begins with Blum’s assertion that he had to return to France from America where he followed the performances of the Ballets Russes, so that he could rejoin his brother and son and family who were all at risk with the Vichy regime. The text details his daily travails in avoiding arrest during the Occupation, with Parisian police reports testifying to his wearing of the Jewish star. It cites Georges Wellers’s De Drancy à Auschwitz, in which he recounts the story of Blum’s arrest at the École Militaire on December 12, 1942, and subsequent struggles to maintain his dignity at the camps in Compiègne, where he became very ill, and later Drancy. The chapter depicts Blum’s heroism as he tried to distract his fellow prisoners with lectures about literature, as well as tales of his ballet companies, and describes how Blum gave up an opportunity to save himself in order to protect Jean-Jacques Bernard, the son of Tristan Bernard. Bernard later wrote the Camp of Slow Death to reveal the horrors of the camps and the bravery of some, notably René Blum. The chapter poignantly portrays the children’s ward at Drancy, which Blum visited, and ends with Blum’s last train ride to Auschwitz, where he was tortured and murdered.Less
This chapter documents the sad, miserable conclusion to Blum’s life, documented by his personal journal, letters, homages, and books. It begins with Blum’s assertion that he had to return to France from America where he followed the performances of the Ballets Russes, so that he could rejoin his brother and son and family who were all at risk with the Vichy regime. The text details his daily travails in avoiding arrest during the Occupation, with Parisian police reports testifying to his wearing of the Jewish star. It cites Georges Wellers’s De Drancy à Auschwitz, in which he recounts the story of Blum’s arrest at the École Militaire on December 12, 1942, and subsequent struggles to maintain his dignity at the camps in Compiègne, where he became very ill, and later Drancy. The chapter depicts Blum’s heroism as he tried to distract his fellow prisoners with lectures about literature, as well as tales of his ballet companies, and describes how Blum gave up an opportunity to save himself in order to protect Jean-Jacques Bernard, the son of Tristan Bernard. Bernard later wrote the Camp of Slow Death to reveal the horrors of the camps and the bravery of some, notably René Blum. The chapter poignantly portrays the children’s ward at Drancy, which Blum visited, and ends with Blum’s last train ride to Auschwitz, where he was tortured and murdered.
Srila Roy
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198081722
- eISBN:
- 9780199082223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198081722.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter considers both public and personal memorialization of political violence, a form of violence that is afforded a high degree of visibility as opposed to the violence that took place ...
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This chapter considers both public and personal memorialization of political violence, a form of violence that is afforded a high degree of visibility as opposed to the violence that took place within the Naxalite community. This visibility does not, however, guarantee the recognition or alleviation of individual suffering. On the contrary, the narratives of sacrifice and heroic resistance that infuse public forms of commemoration reinforce an imagined community in ways that preclude the possibility of individual mourning. This possibility is created, however, in other sites of memory such as poetry, reportage, fiction, and women’s memoirs. The final part of this chapter explores women’s testimonies of political violence suffered in police custody and prison in an attempt to theorize the complex labour of subjectivity, agency, and healing in the long afterlife of violence.Less
This chapter considers both public and personal memorialization of political violence, a form of violence that is afforded a high degree of visibility as opposed to the violence that took place within the Naxalite community. This visibility does not, however, guarantee the recognition or alleviation of individual suffering. On the contrary, the narratives of sacrifice and heroic resistance that infuse public forms of commemoration reinforce an imagined community in ways that preclude the possibility of individual mourning. This possibility is created, however, in other sites of memory such as poetry, reportage, fiction, and women’s memoirs. The final part of this chapter explores women’s testimonies of political violence suffered in police custody and prison in an attempt to theorize the complex labour of subjectivity, agency, and healing in the long afterlife of violence.
Daniel P. Aldrich
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226638263
- eISBN:
- 9780226638577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226638577.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Chapter 2 focuses on residents of Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima Prefectures, drawing on interviews with residents, NGO staff, and decision makers from across Tōhoku to understand both survival (and ...
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Chapter 2 focuses on residents of Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima Prefectures, drawing on interviews with residents, NGO staff, and decision makers from across Tōhoku to understand both survival (and mortality) and recovery (and stagnation). Even relatively isolated individuals who had altruistic, involved neighbors found themselves being rescued from water-trapped cars and roofs, while those with a sense of community and place returned as quickly as possible to start rebuilding. Students from the high school in Taro, for example, carried the elderly on their own backs out of homes and shelters to keep them safeLess
Chapter 2 focuses on residents of Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima Prefectures, drawing on interviews with residents, NGO staff, and decision makers from across Tōhoku to understand both survival (and mortality) and recovery (and stagnation). Even relatively isolated individuals who had altruistic, involved neighbors found themselves being rescued from water-trapped cars and roofs, while those with a sense of community and place returned as quickly as possible to start rebuilding. Students from the high school in Taro, for example, carried the elderly on their own backs out of homes and shelters to keep them safe
Margo Collins and Elson Bond
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823234462
- eISBN:
- 9780823241255
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823234462.003.0013
- Subject:
- Literature, Mythology and Folklore
This chapter probes the depiction of zombies in such contemporary novels as World War Z, Zombie Haiku, and the revisionist classic Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. Authors Margo Collins and Elson ...
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This chapter probes the depiction of zombies in such contemporary novels as World War Z, Zombie Haiku, and the revisionist classic Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. Authors Margo Collins and Elson Bond argue that the zombie is uniquely appealing to today's technologically savvy, fast-paced generation and, as such, can serve as a mirror for some of Generation Y's values and notions of identity. New millennium zombie-ism demonstrates an apparent divergence into what initially appears to be two distinct categories: zombie-as-comedy and zombie-as-threat, but as the chapter argues, time and again those two categories overlap in intriguing and symbolic ways. Ultimately, depictions of both kinds of zombies come to function as monstrous placeholders for potentially dangerous human interactions in an anomic society. Accustomed to instant communication with virtual strangers, insulated from the natural world and dependent on fragile transportation, communication, and power networks, millennial audiences have good reason to fear the chaotic anonymity of zombies.Less
This chapter probes the depiction of zombies in such contemporary novels as World War Z, Zombie Haiku, and the revisionist classic Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. Authors Margo Collins and Elson Bond argue that the zombie is uniquely appealing to today's technologically savvy, fast-paced generation and, as such, can serve as a mirror for some of Generation Y's values and notions of identity. New millennium zombie-ism demonstrates an apparent divergence into what initially appears to be two distinct categories: zombie-as-comedy and zombie-as-threat, but as the chapter argues, time and again those two categories overlap in intriguing and symbolic ways. Ultimately, depictions of both kinds of zombies come to function as monstrous placeholders for potentially dangerous human interactions in an anomic society. Accustomed to instant communication with virtual strangers, insulated from the natural world and dependent on fragile transportation, communication, and power networks, millennial audiences have good reason to fear the chaotic anonymity of zombies.
Marta Iñiguez de Heredia
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526108760
- eISBN:
- 9781526124203
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526108760.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter explores how creative survival, reciprocity and solidarity allow for mitigating extractive practices and the military rule that is put in place in rural areas. These practices represent ...
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This chapter explores how creative survival, reciprocity and solidarity allow for mitigating extractive practices and the military rule that is put in place in rural areas. These practices represent forms of reappropriation, simultaneously delegitimising political order, and hence subverting it. The chapter illustrates that despite the context of violence, popular classes still aspire to improve their conditions of living in terms of political participation and economic distribution. In contrast with the last chapter, these practices have women as their protagonists, but as in the previous chapter, they are interconnected with different forms of resistance. This chapter also illustrates the pre-existing democratic configurations of order and how national and international strategies largely operate by disregarding them.Less
This chapter explores how creative survival, reciprocity and solidarity allow for mitigating extractive practices and the military rule that is put in place in rural areas. These practices represent forms of reappropriation, simultaneously delegitimising political order, and hence subverting it. The chapter illustrates that despite the context of violence, popular classes still aspire to improve their conditions of living in terms of political participation and economic distribution. In contrast with the last chapter, these practices have women as their protagonists, but as in the previous chapter, they are interconnected with different forms of resistance. This chapter also illustrates the pre-existing democratic configurations of order and how national and international strategies largely operate by disregarding them.
Eric Hoffman (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496815118
- eISBN:
- 9781496815156
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496815118.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, Comics Studies
This chapter argues that Cerebus possesses qualities which are specifically Canadian. There is, for example, the outsiderness of its creation – when it first appeared, nearly all of the major comics ...
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This chapter argues that Cerebus possesses qualities which are specifically Canadian. There is, for example, the outsiderness of its creation – when it first appeared, nearly all of the major comics publishers were United States (US)-based – in addition to its parodying mainstream above ground, non-Canadian comics. Not being part of mainstream American comics culture, or, for that matter, originating within the US, Cerebus was an underdog among underdogs. Moreover, this "Canadianness" also informs Cerebus' content, influencing its imagery, themes, and structure. Closer examination of Cerebus suggests how Sim's magnum opus embodies two major themes in Canadian literature:survival (with regards to Cerebus’ geography) and victimhood (with regards to its politics), as suggested by Northrop Frye's image of the "garrison mentality" in his book The Bush Garden (1971), and in Margaret Atwood's landmark study Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature (1972).Less
This chapter argues that Cerebus possesses qualities which are specifically Canadian. There is, for example, the outsiderness of its creation – when it first appeared, nearly all of the major comics publishers were United States (US)-based – in addition to its parodying mainstream above ground, non-Canadian comics. Not being part of mainstream American comics culture, or, for that matter, originating within the US, Cerebus was an underdog among underdogs. Moreover, this "Canadianness" also informs Cerebus' content, influencing its imagery, themes, and structure. Closer examination of Cerebus suggests how Sim's magnum opus embodies two major themes in Canadian literature:survival (with regards to Cerebus’ geography) and victimhood (with regards to its politics), as suggested by Northrop Frye's image of the "garrison mentality" in his book The Bush Garden (1971), and in Margaret Atwood's landmark study Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature (1972).
Patrick Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198818496
- eISBN:
- 9780191917264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198818496.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Environmental Archaeology
Friedrich Wöhler was referring to the field of organic chemistry during the early 1800s when he wrote the above but his comments would not be out of place in the ...
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Friedrich Wöhler was referring to the field of organic chemistry during the early 1800s when he wrote the above but his comments would not be out of place in the context of embarking upon a global study of past and present human relationships with tropical forests. Dense vegetation, difficulty of navigation, issues of preservation, political and health concerns, poisonous plants, animals, and insects, and the prospect of carrying out sampling or excavation in high humidity have all meant that our knowledge of human history and prehistory in these environments is under-developed relative to temperate, arid, or even polar habitats. There have been theoretical questions as to what kind of human activity one would even expect to find in tropical forest environments, which seem hostile to human foraging (Hart and Hart, 1986; Bailey et al., 1989) let alone thriving agricultural or urban settlements (Meggers, 1971, 1977, 1987). This has, until relatively recently, left the state of archaeological tropical forest research in a similar position to popular conceptions of these environments—untouched, primeval wilderness. Public ideas of an archaeologist investigating a tropical forest are probably synonymous with someone in a shabby-looking leather hat being chased, if not by a large stone boulder then by a group of Indigenous people with blowpipes, as they wade through dense undergrowth and vines while clutching a golden discovery that has been lost to the western world for thousands of years (Spielberg, 1981). The more recent development of the best-selling Uncharted video game series has done little to change these ideas amongst the next generation of media consumers, with players taking on the role of Francis Drake’s mythical ancestor in search of long lost treasure, frequently hidden within caves and ruins surrounded by vines and dense canopies (Naughty Dog et al., 2016). The idea of treasure hidden within tropical forest is also not a modern conception. The long-term myth of El Dorado, a city covered in gold, fuelled exploration of the tropical forests of South America by renowned individuals, including Sir Walter Raleigh, from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries (Nicholl, 1995).
Less
Friedrich Wöhler was referring to the field of organic chemistry during the early 1800s when he wrote the above but his comments would not be out of place in the context of embarking upon a global study of past and present human relationships with tropical forests. Dense vegetation, difficulty of navigation, issues of preservation, political and health concerns, poisonous plants, animals, and insects, and the prospect of carrying out sampling or excavation in high humidity have all meant that our knowledge of human history and prehistory in these environments is under-developed relative to temperate, arid, or even polar habitats. There have been theoretical questions as to what kind of human activity one would even expect to find in tropical forest environments, which seem hostile to human foraging (Hart and Hart, 1986; Bailey et al., 1989) let alone thriving agricultural or urban settlements (Meggers, 1971, 1977, 1987). This has, until relatively recently, left the state of archaeological tropical forest research in a similar position to popular conceptions of these environments—untouched, primeval wilderness. Public ideas of an archaeologist investigating a tropical forest are probably synonymous with someone in a shabby-looking leather hat being chased, if not by a large stone boulder then by a group of Indigenous people with blowpipes, as they wade through dense undergrowth and vines while clutching a golden discovery that has been lost to the western world for thousands of years (Spielberg, 1981). The more recent development of the best-selling Uncharted video game series has done little to change these ideas amongst the next generation of media consumers, with players taking on the role of Francis Drake’s mythical ancestor in search of long lost treasure, frequently hidden within caves and ruins surrounded by vines and dense canopies (Naughty Dog et al., 2016). The idea of treasure hidden within tropical forest is also not a modern conception. The long-term myth of El Dorado, a city covered in gold, fuelled exploration of the tropical forests of South America by renowned individuals, including Sir Walter Raleigh, from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries (Nicholl, 1995).
Jacques Semelin
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190939298
- eISBN:
- 9780190943257
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190939298.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Between the French defeat in 1940 and liberation in 1944, the Nazis killed almost 80,000 of France's Jews, both French and foreign. Since that time, this tragedy has been well-documented. But there ...
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Between the French defeat in 1940 and liberation in 1944, the Nazis killed almost 80,000 of France's Jews, both French and foreign. Since that time, this tragedy has been well-documented. But there are other stories hidden within it--ones neglected by historians. In fact, 75% of France’s Jews escaped the extermination, while 45% of the Jews of Belgium perished, and in the Netherlands only 20% survived.
The Nazis were determined to destroy the Jews across Europe, and the Vichy regime collaborated in their deportation from France. So what is the meaning of this French exception? Jacques Semelin sheds light on this 'French enigma', painting a radically unfamiliar view of occupied France. His is a rich, even-handed portrait of a complex and changing society, one where helping and informing on one's neighbors went hand in hand; and where small gestures of solidarity sat comfortably with anti-Semitism. Without shying away from the horror of the Holocaust's crimes, this seminal work adds a fresh perspective to our history of the Second World WarLess
Between the French defeat in 1940 and liberation in 1944, the Nazis killed almost 80,000 of France's Jews, both French and foreign. Since that time, this tragedy has been well-documented. But there are other stories hidden within it--ones neglected by historians. In fact, 75% of France’s Jews escaped the extermination, while 45% of the Jews of Belgium perished, and in the Netherlands only 20% survived.
The Nazis were determined to destroy the Jews across Europe, and the Vichy regime collaborated in their deportation from France. So what is the meaning of this French exception? Jacques Semelin sheds light on this 'French enigma', painting a radically unfamiliar view of occupied France. His is a rich, even-handed portrait of a complex and changing society, one where helping and informing on one's neighbors went hand in hand; and where small gestures of solidarity sat comfortably with anti-Semitism. Without shying away from the horror of the Holocaust's crimes, this seminal work adds a fresh perspective to our history of the Second World War
W. Ronald Heyer and James B. Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520235922
- eISBN:
- 9780520929432
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520235922.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
During the 1970s and 1980s, researchers in many parts of the world reported seemingly drastic population declines and disappearances of amphibians. If, as is widely accepted, amphibians are reliable ...
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During the 1970s and 1980s, researchers in many parts of the world reported seemingly drastic population declines and disappearances of amphibians. If, as is widely accepted, amphibians are reliable bioindicators of environmental change, then these population declines had to be regarded as early warnings signaling an important biodiversity crisis. The scientific community responded by forming the Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force in December 1990 under the aegis of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN — The World Conservation Union — with the support of the international herpetological community. Its purpose is to organize and coordinate a global investigation of unexplained (and sometimes conflicting) data indicating amphibian population and species declines and worldwide disappearances. The Task Force operations are linked to the greater conservation community through the IUCN and the international DIVERSITAS program; these links ensure that the broader implications of the amphibian declines will be given appropriate attention.Less
During the 1970s and 1980s, researchers in many parts of the world reported seemingly drastic population declines and disappearances of amphibians. If, as is widely accepted, amphibians are reliable bioindicators of environmental change, then these population declines had to be regarded as early warnings signaling an important biodiversity crisis. The scientific community responded by forming the Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force in December 1990 under the aegis of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN — The World Conservation Union — with the support of the international herpetological community. Its purpose is to organize and coordinate a global investigation of unexplained (and sometimes conflicting) data indicating amphibian population and species declines and worldwide disappearances. The Task Force operations are linked to the greater conservation community through the IUCN and the international DIVERSITAS program; these links ensure that the broader implications of the amphibian declines will be given appropriate attention.
Theodore Martin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780231181921
- eISBN:
- 9780231543897
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231181921.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Chapter 5 reads end-of-the-world fiction as a window onto the temporal and political paradoxes of survival. I argue that the very notion of survival skills acquires new meaning in a neoliberal era ...
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Chapter 5 reads end-of-the-world fiction as a window onto the temporal and political paradoxes of survival. I argue that the very notion of survival skills acquires new meaning in a neoliberal era where life has become indistinguishable from work, and where stable work has become harder to protect. Reading novels by Colson Whitehead, Ben Marcus, Cormac McCarthy, and Joshua Ferris, I show how the essential monotony of the post-apocalyptic genre offers a crucial formal strategy for depicting the laborious yet precarious conditions of postindustrial work.Less
Chapter 5 reads end-of-the-world fiction as a window onto the temporal and political paradoxes of survival. I argue that the very notion of survival skills acquires new meaning in a neoliberal era where life has become indistinguishable from work, and where stable work has become harder to protect. Reading novels by Colson Whitehead, Ben Marcus, Cormac McCarthy, and Joshua Ferris, I show how the essential monotony of the post-apocalyptic genre offers a crucial formal strategy for depicting the laborious yet precarious conditions of postindustrial work.
James Harrison
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748668601
- eISBN:
- 9780748684335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748668601.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Investment has traditionally been regulated at the international level through bilateral investment treaties (BITs). Therefore, individual EU Member States have concluded their own BITs with third ...
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Investment has traditionally been regulated at the international level through bilateral investment treaties (BITs). Therefore, individual EU Member States have concluded their own BITs with third states, including Korea. As a result, the standards that currently apply to European and Korean investors will often vary depending on which BIT, if any, applies to them. Yet, recent amendments to the scope of the common commercial policy under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union mean that the EU is now competent to enter into treaties on this subject matter by itself. This development offers the opportunity to negotiate a uniform legal framework that applies equally to all European and Korean investors. This chapter starts by explaining the key areas of divergence in existing BIT practice. It then goes on to explain the extent to which investment is addressed under the EU-Korea FTA in the provisions on establishment and payments and capital movements. Having found that the FTA falls short of establishing a uniform regime for the protection of investors, the chapter explores the legal issues that may arise in the negotiation of a comprehensive EU-Korea investment agreement.Less
Investment has traditionally been regulated at the international level through bilateral investment treaties (BITs). Therefore, individual EU Member States have concluded their own BITs with third states, including Korea. As a result, the standards that currently apply to European and Korean investors will often vary depending on which BIT, if any, applies to them. Yet, recent amendments to the scope of the common commercial policy under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union mean that the EU is now competent to enter into treaties on this subject matter by itself. This development offers the opportunity to negotiate a uniform legal framework that applies equally to all European and Korean investors. This chapter starts by explaining the key areas of divergence in existing BIT practice. It then goes on to explain the extent to which investment is addressed under the EU-Korea FTA in the provisions on establishment and payments and capital movements. Having found that the FTA falls short of establishing a uniform regime for the protection of investors, the chapter explores the legal issues that may arise in the negotiation of a comprehensive EU-Korea investment agreement.
Elizabeth Grimm Arsenault
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780231180788
- eISBN:
- 9780231543255
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231180788.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Security Studies
While the abuses committed by the interrogators were real, horrific, and deserving of punishment, this chapter shows how the interrogators were disproportionately blamed, as they lacked the access ...
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While the abuses committed by the interrogators were real, horrific, and deserving of punishment, this chapter shows how the interrogators were disproportionately blamed, as they lacked the access and influence to alter the normative framework around detainee treatment. Four major themes emerge to explain interrogation practices, including: relying on past guidance or popular influences, abusing detainees due to the belief that higher authorities approved it, maltreatment due to the absence of direction, and retribution for 9/11. Lastly, the DoD and CIA interrogators had vastly different historical precedents for their actions.Less
While the abuses committed by the interrogators were real, horrific, and deserving of punishment, this chapter shows how the interrogators were disproportionately blamed, as they lacked the access and influence to alter the normative framework around detainee treatment. Four major themes emerge to explain interrogation practices, including: relying on past guidance or popular influences, abusing detainees due to the belief that higher authorities approved it, maltreatment due to the absence of direction, and retribution for 9/11. Lastly, the DoD and CIA interrogators had vastly different historical precedents for their actions.
Laura A. Bozzi
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262028806
- eISBN:
- 9780262327077
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028806.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
In this case of mountaintop removal for coal in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States, Laura Bozzi explores the delicate insider-outsider tension of keep-it-in-the ground (KIIG) politics. ...
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In this case of mountaintop removal for coal in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States, Laura Bozzi explores the delicate insider-outsider tension of keep-it-in-the ground (KIIG) politics. Mountaintop removal activists recognize both the deep sense of place, history, and culture of the peoples of Appalachia and the impacts of mountaintop removal and coal on local and global ecosystems. This chapter shows how the quick violence of destroying mountains, streams, and rivers creates a slow violence of lung cancer and other diseases, along with diminished educational, employment, and retirement opportunities. Appalachian peoples are effectively pursuing a KIIG politics based on the reality of decreasing coal reserves, ever-increasing mechanization, and declining market share on the one hand, and a dire need for a solution that marries well-being and livelihood on the other. Finally, this chapter explores the uneasy transition of fear of a way of life for locals with the lack of transparency of coal companies.Less
In this case of mountaintop removal for coal in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States, Laura Bozzi explores the delicate insider-outsider tension of keep-it-in-the ground (KIIG) politics. Mountaintop removal activists recognize both the deep sense of place, history, and culture of the peoples of Appalachia and the impacts of mountaintop removal and coal on local and global ecosystems. This chapter shows how the quick violence of destroying mountains, streams, and rivers creates a slow violence of lung cancer and other diseases, along with diminished educational, employment, and retirement opportunities. Appalachian peoples are effectively pursuing a KIIG politics based on the reality of decreasing coal reserves, ever-increasing mechanization, and declining market share on the one hand, and a dire need for a solution that marries well-being and livelihood on the other. Finally, this chapter explores the uneasy transition of fear of a way of life for locals with the lack of transparency of coal companies.
Henry Otgaar, Mark L. Howe, Tom Smeets, Linsey Raymaekers, and Johan van Beers
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199928057
- eISBN:
- 9780199369744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199928057.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
The authors’ study is the first to reveal that survival-related information amplifies the susceptibility to suggestion-based false memories in both children and adults. So, although evidence is ...
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The authors’ study is the first to reveal that survival-related information amplifies the susceptibility to suggestion-based false memories in both children and adults. So, although evidence is increasing that our memory is often better in a survival-related context, it also leads to increased flexibility, thereby creating memory illusions. Whether these memory illusions are truly adaptive or are merely simple byproducts of our memory is completely open for future research endeavors.Less
The authors’ study is the first to reveal that survival-related information amplifies the susceptibility to suggestion-based false memories in both children and adults. So, although evidence is increasing that our memory is often better in a survival-related context, it also leads to increased flexibility, thereby creating memory illusions. Whether these memory illusions are truly adaptive or are merely simple byproducts of our memory is completely open for future research endeavors.
Nicholas C. Soderstrom and Anne M. Cleary
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199928057
- eISBN:
- 9780199369744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199928057.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
Exploring why our memory systems evolved into their current states is arguably just as important as understanding how these memory systems function. The recently introduced survival processing ...
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Exploring why our memory systems evolved into their current states is arguably just as important as understanding how these memory systems function. The recently introduced survival processing paradigm (Nairne et al., 2007) provides an empirical method for studying memory functionality, and its use has consistently demonstrated that processing information in terms of its survival utility enhances memory performance, a finding consistent with evolutionary theory. We assert that the data suggest that survival processing advantages in memory are domain-general insofar as they are not optimally suited for any one environment or situation in particular, but rather operate effectively in a wide range of scenarios. Such an adaptation might aid in our ability to extract important, survival-relevant information from novel situations.Less
Exploring why our memory systems evolved into their current states is arguably just as important as understanding how these memory systems function. The recently introduced survival processing paradigm (Nairne et al., 2007) provides an empirical method for studying memory functionality, and its use has consistently demonstrated that processing information in terms of its survival utility enhances memory performance, a finding consistent with evolutionary theory. We assert that the data suggest that survival processing advantages in memory are domain-general insofar as they are not optimally suited for any one environment or situation in particular, but rather operate effectively in a wide range of scenarios. Such an adaptation might aid in our ability to extract important, survival-relevant information from novel situations.
Jeanette Altarriba and Stephanie Kazanas
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199928057
- eISBN:
- 9780199369744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199928057.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
The current work indicates that perhaps survival processing works to moderate attentional control in ways that are not the same as in typical tests of memory recall and recognition. If indeed some ...
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The current work indicates that perhaps survival processing works to moderate attentional control in ways that are not the same as in typical tests of memory recall and recognition. If indeed some level of arousal, anxiety, or perhaps stress (Smeets et al., 2012) is associated with processing survival scenarios, then it is possible that their effects on processing will be inhibitory versus facilitatory. In the current work, it appears as though processing under a survival prime condition worked to slow responses in a spatial two-back task, as compared to a prime related to moving, and that this slowdown was also accompanied by a higher error rate.Less
The current work indicates that perhaps survival processing works to moderate attentional control in ways that are not the same as in typical tests of memory recall and recognition. If indeed some level of arousal, anxiety, or perhaps stress (Smeets et al., 2012) is associated with processing survival scenarios, then it is possible that their effects on processing will be inhibitory versus facilitatory. In the current work, it appears as though processing under a survival prime condition worked to slow responses in a spatial two-back task, as compared to a prime related to moving, and that this slowdown was also accompanied by a higher error rate.
Michael P. Toglia, Aaron D. Leedy, Adam M. Wilde, Catherine M. Baker, and Eileen M. Dacey
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199928057
- eISBN:
- 9780199369744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199928057.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
Because semantic and/or elaborative encoding is often theorized to drive the illusory memory effect (DRM), if survival processing is a super-level semantic task as suggested by the survival ...
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Because semantic and/or elaborative encoding is often theorized to drive the illusory memory effect (DRM), if survival processing is a super-level semantic task as suggested by the survival processing advantage in veridical memory over other well-established semantic forms of processing (e.g., self-reference, pleasantness; see Nairne et al., 2008a), it is understandable that adaptive memory-oriented encoding would boost false memory. But why did we not see a bump in veridical memory? This lack of increase in true memory seems real enough given that we observed a relative decrease in veridical recall in the survival grasslands condition compared to pleasantness processing in Experiment 1. Additionally, we replicated this decrease in Experiment 2. The key to understanding this seems to be list structure and how it relates to item-specific and relational processing. When unrelated lists are presented at study, as in many of Nairne and colleagues’ experiments, participants focus on the specific items and a robust survival processing advantage is observed.Less
Because semantic and/or elaborative encoding is often theorized to drive the illusory memory effect (DRM), if survival processing is a super-level semantic task as suggested by the survival processing advantage in veridical memory over other well-established semantic forms of processing (e.g., self-reference, pleasantness; see Nairne et al., 2008a), it is understandable that adaptive memory-oriented encoding would boost false memory. But why did we not see a bump in veridical memory? This lack of increase in true memory seems real enough given that we observed a relative decrease in veridical recall in the survival grasslands condition compared to pleasantness processing in Experiment 1. Additionally, we replicated this decrease in Experiment 2. The key to understanding this seems to be list structure and how it relates to item-specific and relational processing. When unrelated lists are presented at study, as in many of Nairne and colleagues’ experiments, participants focus on the specific items and a robust survival processing advantage is observed.
Michael G. Levine
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780823255108
- eISBN:
- 9780823260850
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823255108.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
The chapter examines Derrida’s discussion of passwords and border crossings in Shibboleth: For Paul Celan. As his title suggests, Derrida is concerned with Celan’s relation to – and precarious ...
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The chapter examines Derrida’s discussion of passwords and border crossings in Shibboleth: For Paul Celan. As his title suggests, Derrida is concerned with Celan’s relation to – and precarious situation at -- the frontiers of language. That the negotiation of these carefully patrolled frontiers requires a certain kind of linguistic performance is indicated by his title’s reference to Judges 12 in which those seeking passage across the river Jordan must not only know the difference between shibboleth and sibboleth but be able linguistically to perform it, At stake is not just the linguistic cultivation of the body, the shaping of its organs around the language(s) it has learned to speak, but the sometimes fatal inability of such organs to perform the differences they know and, in doing so, to move beyond a traditional conception of savoir toward a more bodily and culturally conditioned notion of savoir faire. Because it is a question in Celan of a poetic saying that is a doing and, moreover, a doing that, in the Freudian sense of “acting out,” does more than it means or know how to say, the linguistic borders the poet seeks to negotiate are also those between conscious and unconscious speech acts.Less
The chapter examines Derrida’s discussion of passwords and border crossings in Shibboleth: For Paul Celan. As his title suggests, Derrida is concerned with Celan’s relation to – and precarious situation at -- the frontiers of language. That the negotiation of these carefully patrolled frontiers requires a certain kind of linguistic performance is indicated by his title’s reference to Judges 12 in which those seeking passage across the river Jordan must not only know the difference between shibboleth and sibboleth but be able linguistically to perform it, At stake is not just the linguistic cultivation of the body, the shaping of its organs around the language(s) it has learned to speak, but the sometimes fatal inability of such organs to perform the differences they know and, in doing so, to move beyond a traditional conception of savoir toward a more bodily and culturally conditioned notion of savoir faire. Because it is a question in Celan of a poetic saying that is a doing and, moreover, a doing that, in the Freudian sense of “acting out,” does more than it means or know how to say, the linguistic borders the poet seeks to negotiate are also those between conscious and unconscious speech acts.
