Maarten A. Hajer
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198293330
- eISBN:
- 9780191599408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829333X.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Contextualizes the contemporary environmental conflict in the tradition of thinking about man and nature relationships. Discusses the origins of environmentalism and gives a detailed interpretation ...
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Contextualizes the contemporary environmental conflict in the tradition of thinking about man and nature relationships. Discusses the origins of environmentalism and gives a detailed interpretation of the recent history from Blueprint for Survival to the new discourse of ecological modernization of the 1980s and 1990s. Explains how this new discourse could emerge.Less
Contextualizes the contemporary environmental conflict in the tradition of thinking about man and nature relationships. Discusses the origins of environmentalism and gives a detailed interpretation of the recent history from Blueprint for Survival to the new discourse of ecological modernization of the 1980s and 1990s. Explains how this new discourse could emerge.
Judith Chazin-Bennahum
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195399332
- eISBN:
- 9780199897025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195399332.003.0010
- Subject:
- Music, Dance
This chapter documents the sad, miserable conclusion to Blum’s life, documented by his personal journal, letters, homages, and books. It begins with Blum’s assertion that he had to return to France ...
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This chapter documents the sad, miserable conclusion to Blum’s life, documented by his personal journal, letters, homages, and books. It begins with Blum’s assertion that he had to return to France from America where he followed the performances of the Ballets Russes, so that he could rejoin his brother and son and family who were all at risk with the Vichy regime. The text details his daily travails in avoiding arrest during the Occupation, with Parisian police reports testifying to his wearing of the Jewish star. It cites Georges Wellers’s De Drancy à Auschwitz, in which he recounts the story of Blum’s arrest at the École Militaire on December 12, 1942, and subsequent struggles to maintain his dignity at the camps in Compiègne, where he became very ill, and later Drancy. The chapter depicts Blum’s heroism as he tried to distract his fellow prisoners with lectures about literature, as well as tales of his ballet companies, and describes how Blum gave up an opportunity to save himself in order to protect Jean-Jacques Bernard, the son of Tristan Bernard. Bernard later wrote the Camp of Slow Death to reveal the horrors of the camps and the bravery of some, notably René Blum. The chapter poignantly portrays the children’s ward at Drancy, which Blum visited, and ends with Blum’s last train ride to Auschwitz, where he was tortured and murdered.Less
This chapter documents the sad, miserable conclusion to Blum’s life, documented by his personal journal, letters, homages, and books. It begins with Blum’s assertion that he had to return to France from America where he followed the performances of the Ballets Russes, so that he could rejoin his brother and son and family who were all at risk with the Vichy regime. The text details his daily travails in avoiding arrest during the Occupation, with Parisian police reports testifying to his wearing of the Jewish star. It cites Georges Wellers’s De Drancy à Auschwitz, in which he recounts the story of Blum’s arrest at the École Militaire on December 12, 1942, and subsequent struggles to maintain his dignity at the camps in Compiègne, where he became very ill, and later Drancy. The chapter depicts Blum’s heroism as he tried to distract his fellow prisoners with lectures about literature, as well as tales of his ballet companies, and describes how Blum gave up an opportunity to save himself in order to protect Jean-Jacques Bernard, the son of Tristan Bernard. Bernard later wrote the Camp of Slow Death to reveal the horrors of the camps and the bravery of some, notably René Blum. The chapter poignantly portrays the children’s ward at Drancy, which Blum visited, and ends with Blum’s last train ride to Auschwitz, where he was tortured and murdered.
Srila Roy
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198081722
- eISBN:
- 9780199082223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198081722.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter considers both public and personal memorialization of political violence, a form of violence that is afforded a high degree of visibility as opposed to the violence that took place ...
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This chapter considers both public and personal memorialization of political violence, a form of violence that is afforded a high degree of visibility as opposed to the violence that took place within the Naxalite community. This visibility does not, however, guarantee the recognition or alleviation of individual suffering. On the contrary, the narratives of sacrifice and heroic resistance that infuse public forms of commemoration reinforce an imagined community in ways that preclude the possibility of individual mourning. This possibility is created, however, in other sites of memory such as poetry, reportage, fiction, and women’s memoirs. The final part of this chapter explores women’s testimonies of political violence suffered in police custody and prison in an attempt to theorize the complex labour of subjectivity, agency, and healing in the long afterlife of violence.Less
This chapter considers both public and personal memorialization of political violence, a form of violence that is afforded a high degree of visibility as opposed to the violence that took place within the Naxalite community. This visibility does not, however, guarantee the recognition or alleviation of individual suffering. On the contrary, the narratives of sacrifice and heroic resistance that infuse public forms of commemoration reinforce an imagined community in ways that preclude the possibility of individual mourning. This possibility is created, however, in other sites of memory such as poetry, reportage, fiction, and women’s memoirs. The final part of this chapter explores women’s testimonies of political violence suffered in police custody and prison in an attempt to theorize the complex labour of subjectivity, agency, and healing in the long afterlife of violence.
Margo Collins and Elson Bond
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823234462
- eISBN:
- 9780823241255
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823234462.003.0013
- Subject:
- Literature, Mythology and Folklore
This chapter probes the depiction of zombies in such contemporary novels as World War Z, Zombie Haiku, and the revisionist classic Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. Authors Margo Collins and Elson ...
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This chapter probes the depiction of zombies in such contemporary novels as World War Z, Zombie Haiku, and the revisionist classic Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. Authors Margo Collins and Elson Bond argue that the zombie is uniquely appealing to today's technologically savvy, fast-paced generation and, as such, can serve as a mirror for some of Generation Y's values and notions of identity. New millennium zombie-ism demonstrates an apparent divergence into what initially appears to be two distinct categories: zombie-as-comedy and zombie-as-threat, but as the chapter argues, time and again those two categories overlap in intriguing and symbolic ways. Ultimately, depictions of both kinds of zombies come to function as monstrous placeholders for potentially dangerous human interactions in an anomic society. Accustomed to instant communication with virtual strangers, insulated from the natural world and dependent on fragile transportation, communication, and power networks, millennial audiences have good reason to fear the chaotic anonymity of zombies.Less
This chapter probes the depiction of zombies in such contemporary novels as World War Z, Zombie Haiku, and the revisionist classic Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. Authors Margo Collins and Elson Bond argue that the zombie is uniquely appealing to today's technologically savvy, fast-paced generation and, as such, can serve as a mirror for some of Generation Y's values and notions of identity. New millennium zombie-ism demonstrates an apparent divergence into what initially appears to be two distinct categories: zombie-as-comedy and zombie-as-threat, but as the chapter argues, time and again those two categories overlap in intriguing and symbolic ways. Ultimately, depictions of both kinds of zombies come to function as monstrous placeholders for potentially dangerous human interactions in an anomic society. Accustomed to instant communication with virtual strangers, insulated from the natural world and dependent on fragile transportation, communication, and power networks, millennial audiences have good reason to fear the chaotic anonymity of zombies.
Eric Hoffman (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496815118
- eISBN:
- 9781496815156
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496815118.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, Comics Studies
This chapter argues that Cerebus possesses qualities which are specifically Canadian. There is, for example, the outsiderness of its creation – when it first appeared, nearly all of the major comics ...
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This chapter argues that Cerebus possesses qualities which are specifically Canadian. There is, for example, the outsiderness of its creation – when it first appeared, nearly all of the major comics publishers were United States (US)-based – in addition to its parodying mainstream above ground, non-Canadian comics. Not being part of mainstream American comics culture, or, for that matter, originating within the US, Cerebus was an underdog among underdogs. Moreover, this "Canadianness" also informs Cerebus' content, influencing its imagery, themes, and structure. Closer examination of Cerebus suggests how Sim's magnum opus embodies two major themes in Canadian literature:survival (with regards to Cerebus’ geography) and victimhood (with regards to its politics), as suggested by Northrop Frye's image of the "garrison mentality" in his book The Bush Garden (1971), and in Margaret Atwood's landmark study Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature (1972).Less
This chapter argues that Cerebus possesses qualities which are specifically Canadian. There is, for example, the outsiderness of its creation – when it first appeared, nearly all of the major comics publishers were United States (US)-based – in addition to its parodying mainstream above ground, non-Canadian comics. Not being part of mainstream American comics culture, or, for that matter, originating within the US, Cerebus was an underdog among underdogs. Moreover, this "Canadianness" also informs Cerebus' content, influencing its imagery, themes, and structure. Closer examination of Cerebus suggests how Sim's magnum opus embodies two major themes in Canadian literature:survival (with regards to Cerebus’ geography) and victimhood (with regards to its politics), as suggested by Northrop Frye's image of the "garrison mentality" in his book The Bush Garden (1971), and in Margaret Atwood's landmark study Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature (1972).
Marta Iñiguez de Heredia
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526108760
- eISBN:
- 9781526124203
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526108760.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter explores how creative survival, reciprocity and solidarity allow for mitigating extractive practices and the military rule that is put in place in rural areas. These practices represent ...
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This chapter explores how creative survival, reciprocity and solidarity allow for mitigating extractive practices and the military rule that is put in place in rural areas. These practices represent forms of reappropriation, simultaneously delegitimising political order, and hence subverting it. The chapter illustrates that despite the context of violence, popular classes still aspire to improve their conditions of living in terms of political participation and economic distribution. In contrast with the last chapter, these practices have women as their protagonists, but as in the previous chapter, they are interconnected with different forms of resistance. This chapter also illustrates the pre-existing democratic configurations of order and how national and international strategies largely operate by disregarding them.Less
This chapter explores how creative survival, reciprocity and solidarity allow for mitigating extractive practices and the military rule that is put in place in rural areas. These practices represent forms of reappropriation, simultaneously delegitimising political order, and hence subverting it. The chapter illustrates that despite the context of violence, popular classes still aspire to improve their conditions of living in terms of political participation and economic distribution. In contrast with the last chapter, these practices have women as their protagonists, but as in the previous chapter, they are interconnected with different forms of resistance. This chapter also illustrates the pre-existing democratic configurations of order and how national and international strategies largely operate by disregarding them.
Jacques Semelin
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190939298
- eISBN:
- 9780190943257
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190939298.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Between the French defeat in 1940 and liberation in 1944, the Nazis killed almost 80,000 of France's Jews, both French and foreign. Since that time, this tragedy has been well-documented. But there ...
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Between the French defeat in 1940 and liberation in 1944, the Nazis killed almost 80,000 of France's Jews, both French and foreign. Since that time, this tragedy has been well-documented. But there are other stories hidden within it--ones neglected by historians. In fact, 75% of France’s Jews escaped the extermination, while 45% of the Jews of Belgium perished, and in the Netherlands only 20% survived.
The Nazis were determined to destroy the Jews across Europe, and the Vichy regime collaborated in their deportation from France. So what is the meaning of this French exception? Jacques Semelin sheds light on this 'French enigma', painting a radically unfamiliar view of occupied France. His is a rich, even-handed portrait of a complex and changing society, one where helping and informing on one's neighbors went hand in hand; and where small gestures of solidarity sat comfortably with anti-Semitism. Without shying away from the horror of the Holocaust's crimes, this seminal work adds a fresh perspective to our history of the Second World WarLess
Between the French defeat in 1940 and liberation in 1944, the Nazis killed almost 80,000 of France's Jews, both French and foreign. Since that time, this tragedy has been well-documented. But there are other stories hidden within it--ones neglected by historians. In fact, 75% of France’s Jews escaped the extermination, while 45% of the Jews of Belgium perished, and in the Netherlands only 20% survived.
The Nazis were determined to destroy the Jews across Europe, and the Vichy regime collaborated in their deportation from France. So what is the meaning of this French exception? Jacques Semelin sheds light on this 'French enigma', painting a radically unfamiliar view of occupied France. His is a rich, even-handed portrait of a complex and changing society, one where helping and informing on one's neighbors went hand in hand; and where small gestures of solidarity sat comfortably with anti-Semitism. Without shying away from the horror of the Holocaust's crimes, this seminal work adds a fresh perspective to our history of the Second World War
W. Ronald Heyer and James B. Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520235922
- eISBN:
- 9780520929432
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520235922.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
During the 1970s and 1980s, researchers in many parts of the world reported seemingly drastic population declines and disappearances of amphibians. If, as is widely accepted, amphibians are reliable ...
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During the 1970s and 1980s, researchers in many parts of the world reported seemingly drastic population declines and disappearances of amphibians. If, as is widely accepted, amphibians are reliable bioindicators of environmental change, then these population declines had to be regarded as early warnings signaling an important biodiversity crisis. The scientific community responded by forming the Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force in December 1990 under the aegis of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN — The World Conservation Union — with the support of the international herpetological community. Its purpose is to organize and coordinate a global investigation of unexplained (and sometimes conflicting) data indicating amphibian population and species declines and worldwide disappearances. The Task Force operations are linked to the greater conservation community through the IUCN and the international DIVERSITAS program; these links ensure that the broader implications of the amphibian declines will be given appropriate attention.Less
During the 1970s and 1980s, researchers in many parts of the world reported seemingly drastic population declines and disappearances of amphibians. If, as is widely accepted, amphibians are reliable bioindicators of environmental change, then these population declines had to be regarded as early warnings signaling an important biodiversity crisis. The scientific community responded by forming the Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force in December 1990 under the aegis of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN — The World Conservation Union — with the support of the international herpetological community. Its purpose is to organize and coordinate a global investigation of unexplained (and sometimes conflicting) data indicating amphibian population and species declines and worldwide disappearances. The Task Force operations are linked to the greater conservation community through the IUCN and the international DIVERSITAS program; these links ensure that the broader implications of the amphibian declines will be given appropriate attention.
Theodore Martin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780231181921
- eISBN:
- 9780231543897
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231181921.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Chapter 5 reads end-of-the-world fiction as a window onto the temporal and political paradoxes of survival. I argue that the very notion of survival skills acquires new meaning in a neoliberal era ...
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Chapter 5 reads end-of-the-world fiction as a window onto the temporal and political paradoxes of survival. I argue that the very notion of survival skills acquires new meaning in a neoliberal era where life has become indistinguishable from work, and where stable work has become harder to protect. Reading novels by Colson Whitehead, Ben Marcus, Cormac McCarthy, and Joshua Ferris, I show how the essential monotony of the post-apocalyptic genre offers a crucial formal strategy for depicting the laborious yet precarious conditions of postindustrial work.Less
Chapter 5 reads end-of-the-world fiction as a window onto the temporal and political paradoxes of survival. I argue that the very notion of survival skills acquires new meaning in a neoliberal era where life has become indistinguishable from work, and where stable work has become harder to protect. Reading novels by Colson Whitehead, Ben Marcus, Cormac McCarthy, and Joshua Ferris, I show how the essential monotony of the post-apocalyptic genre offers a crucial formal strategy for depicting the laborious yet precarious conditions of postindustrial work.
Henry Otgaar, Mark L. Howe, Tom Smeets, Linsey Raymaekers, and Johan van Beers
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199928057
- eISBN:
- 9780199369744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199928057.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
The authors’ study is the first to reveal that survival-related information amplifies the susceptibility to suggestion-based false memories in both children and adults. So, although evidence is ...
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The authors’ study is the first to reveal that survival-related information amplifies the susceptibility to suggestion-based false memories in both children and adults. So, although evidence is increasing that our memory is often better in a survival-related context, it also leads to increased flexibility, thereby creating memory illusions. Whether these memory illusions are truly adaptive or are merely simple byproducts of our memory is completely open for future research endeavors.Less
The authors’ study is the first to reveal that survival-related information amplifies the susceptibility to suggestion-based false memories in both children and adults. So, although evidence is increasing that our memory is often better in a survival-related context, it also leads to increased flexibility, thereby creating memory illusions. Whether these memory illusions are truly adaptive or are merely simple byproducts of our memory is completely open for future research endeavors.
Nicholas C. Soderstrom and Anne M. Cleary
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199928057
- eISBN:
- 9780199369744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199928057.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
Exploring why our memory systems evolved into their current states is arguably just as important as understanding how these memory systems function. The recently introduced survival processing ...
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Exploring why our memory systems evolved into their current states is arguably just as important as understanding how these memory systems function. The recently introduced survival processing paradigm (Nairne et al., 2007) provides an empirical method for studying memory functionality, and its use has consistently demonstrated that processing information in terms of its survival utility enhances memory performance, a finding consistent with evolutionary theory. We assert that the data suggest that survival processing advantages in memory are domain-general insofar as they are not optimally suited for any one environment or situation in particular, but rather operate effectively in a wide range of scenarios. Such an adaptation might aid in our ability to extract important, survival-relevant information from novel situations.Less
Exploring why our memory systems evolved into their current states is arguably just as important as understanding how these memory systems function. The recently introduced survival processing paradigm (Nairne et al., 2007) provides an empirical method for studying memory functionality, and its use has consistently demonstrated that processing information in terms of its survival utility enhances memory performance, a finding consistent with evolutionary theory. We assert that the data suggest that survival processing advantages in memory are domain-general insofar as they are not optimally suited for any one environment or situation in particular, but rather operate effectively in a wide range of scenarios. Such an adaptation might aid in our ability to extract important, survival-relevant information from novel situations.
Jeanette Altarriba and Stephanie Kazanas
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199928057
- eISBN:
- 9780199369744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199928057.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
The current work indicates that perhaps survival processing works to moderate attentional control in ways that are not the same as in typical tests of memory recall and recognition. If indeed some ...
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The current work indicates that perhaps survival processing works to moderate attentional control in ways that are not the same as in typical tests of memory recall and recognition. If indeed some level of arousal, anxiety, or perhaps stress (Smeets et al., 2012) is associated with processing survival scenarios, then it is possible that their effects on processing will be inhibitory versus facilitatory. In the current work, it appears as though processing under a survival prime condition worked to slow responses in a spatial two-back task, as compared to a prime related to moving, and that this slowdown was also accompanied by a higher error rate.Less
The current work indicates that perhaps survival processing works to moderate attentional control in ways that are not the same as in typical tests of memory recall and recognition. If indeed some level of arousal, anxiety, or perhaps stress (Smeets et al., 2012) is associated with processing survival scenarios, then it is possible that their effects on processing will be inhibitory versus facilitatory. In the current work, it appears as though processing under a survival prime condition worked to slow responses in a spatial two-back task, as compared to a prime related to moving, and that this slowdown was also accompanied by a higher error rate.
Michael P. Toglia, Aaron D. Leedy, Adam M. Wilde, Catherine M. Baker, and Eileen M. Dacey
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199928057
- eISBN:
- 9780199369744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199928057.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
Because semantic and/or elaborative encoding is often theorized to drive the illusory memory effect (DRM), if survival processing is a super-level semantic task as suggested by the survival ...
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Because semantic and/or elaborative encoding is often theorized to drive the illusory memory effect (DRM), if survival processing is a super-level semantic task as suggested by the survival processing advantage in veridical memory over other well-established semantic forms of processing (e.g., self-reference, pleasantness; see Nairne et al., 2008a), it is understandable that adaptive memory-oriented encoding would boost false memory. But why did we not see a bump in veridical memory? This lack of increase in true memory seems real enough given that we observed a relative decrease in veridical recall in the survival grasslands condition compared to pleasantness processing in Experiment 1. Additionally, we replicated this decrease in Experiment 2. The key to understanding this seems to be list structure and how it relates to item-specific and relational processing. When unrelated lists are presented at study, as in many of Nairne and colleagues’ experiments, participants focus on the specific items and a robust survival processing advantage is observed.Less
Because semantic and/or elaborative encoding is often theorized to drive the illusory memory effect (DRM), if survival processing is a super-level semantic task as suggested by the survival processing advantage in veridical memory over other well-established semantic forms of processing (e.g., self-reference, pleasantness; see Nairne et al., 2008a), it is understandable that adaptive memory-oriented encoding would boost false memory. But why did we not see a bump in veridical memory? This lack of increase in true memory seems real enough given that we observed a relative decrease in veridical recall in the survival grasslands condition compared to pleasantness processing in Experiment 1. Additionally, we replicated this decrease in Experiment 2. The key to understanding this seems to be list structure and how it relates to item-specific and relational processing. When unrelated lists are presented at study, as in many of Nairne and colleagues’ experiments, participants focus on the specific items and a robust survival processing advantage is observed.
Zygmunt Bauman
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853239659
- eISBN:
- 9781846314087
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853239659.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter contains an essay by Zygmunt Bauman that describes the world we live in as a ‘haunted house’ where the ‘ghosts’ are the social repercussions of the Holocausts which continues to haunt ...
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This chapter contains an essay by Zygmunt Bauman that describes the world we live in as a ‘haunted house’ where the ‘ghosts’ are the social repercussions of the Holocausts which continues to haunt individuals and groups today. The essay elaborates on the different manifestations of these ‘ghosts’ that are created from the fear and struggles of an ethnoreligious group surviving a historical genocide. The apparitions of the ghosts manifest in such forms as survivor's guilt (a mental condition when a survivor feels guilty to have survived a tragedy while others had not), survivor complex (a psychological wound that came about through constant trauma), and more. The essay explains that the effects, or the ghosts, of the Holocaust still continue to haunt individuals and groups who were directly and indirectly impacted by the Holocaust, and continued to do so even half a century after the end of the Holocaust era. Overall, it explains the consequences of living in a ‘haunted house’.Less
This chapter contains an essay by Zygmunt Bauman that describes the world we live in as a ‘haunted house’ where the ‘ghosts’ are the social repercussions of the Holocausts which continues to haunt individuals and groups today. The essay elaborates on the different manifestations of these ‘ghosts’ that are created from the fear and struggles of an ethnoreligious group surviving a historical genocide. The apparitions of the ghosts manifest in such forms as survivor's guilt (a mental condition when a survivor feels guilty to have survived a tragedy while others had not), survivor complex (a psychological wound that came about through constant trauma), and more. The essay explains that the effects, or the ghosts, of the Holocaust still continue to haunt individuals and groups who were directly and indirectly impacted by the Holocaust, and continued to do so even half a century after the end of the Holocaust era. Overall, it explains the consequences of living in a ‘haunted house’.
James Harrison
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748668601
- eISBN:
- 9780748684335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748668601.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Investment has traditionally been regulated at the international level through bilateral investment treaties (BITs). Therefore, individual EU Member States have concluded their own BITs with third ...
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Investment has traditionally been regulated at the international level through bilateral investment treaties (BITs). Therefore, individual EU Member States have concluded their own BITs with third states, including Korea. As a result, the standards that currently apply to European and Korean investors will often vary depending on which BIT, if any, applies to them. Yet, recent amendments to the scope of the common commercial policy under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union mean that the EU is now competent to enter into treaties on this subject matter by itself. This development offers the opportunity to negotiate a uniform legal framework that applies equally to all European and Korean investors. This chapter starts by explaining the key areas of divergence in existing BIT practice. It then goes on to explain the extent to which investment is addressed under the EU-Korea FTA in the provisions on establishment and payments and capital movements. Having found that the FTA falls short of establishing a uniform regime for the protection of investors, the chapter explores the legal issues that may arise in the negotiation of a comprehensive EU-Korea investment agreement.Less
Investment has traditionally been regulated at the international level through bilateral investment treaties (BITs). Therefore, individual EU Member States have concluded their own BITs with third states, including Korea. As a result, the standards that currently apply to European and Korean investors will often vary depending on which BIT, if any, applies to them. Yet, recent amendments to the scope of the common commercial policy under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union mean that the EU is now competent to enter into treaties on this subject matter by itself. This development offers the opportunity to negotiate a uniform legal framework that applies equally to all European and Korean investors. This chapter starts by explaining the key areas of divergence in existing BIT practice. It then goes on to explain the extent to which investment is addressed under the EU-Korea FTA in the provisions on establishment and payments and capital movements. Having found that the FTA falls short of establishing a uniform regime for the protection of investors, the chapter explores the legal issues that may arise in the negotiation of a comprehensive EU-Korea investment agreement.
Elizabeth Grimm Arsenault
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780231180788
- eISBN:
- 9780231543255
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231180788.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Security Studies
While the abuses committed by the interrogators were real, horrific, and deserving of punishment, this chapter shows how the interrogators were disproportionately blamed, as they lacked the access ...
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While the abuses committed by the interrogators were real, horrific, and deserving of punishment, this chapter shows how the interrogators were disproportionately blamed, as they lacked the access and influence to alter the normative framework around detainee treatment. Four major themes emerge to explain interrogation practices, including: relying on past guidance or popular influences, abusing detainees due to the belief that higher authorities approved it, maltreatment due to the absence of direction, and retribution for 9/11. Lastly, the DoD and CIA interrogators had vastly different historical precedents for their actions.Less
While the abuses committed by the interrogators were real, horrific, and deserving of punishment, this chapter shows how the interrogators were disproportionately blamed, as they lacked the access and influence to alter the normative framework around detainee treatment. Four major themes emerge to explain interrogation practices, including: relying on past guidance or popular influences, abusing detainees due to the belief that higher authorities approved it, maltreatment due to the absence of direction, and retribution for 9/11. Lastly, the DoD and CIA interrogators had vastly different historical precedents for their actions.
George J. Armelagos and Dennis P. Van Gerven
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780813054452
- eISBN:
- 9780813053196
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813054452.003.0004
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
This chapter presents our studies of growth and development in Nubian infants and children. The study of growth in the Wadi Halfa children was one of the first of its kind, and it helped to establish ...
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This chapter presents our studies of growth and development in Nubian infants and children. The study of growth in the Wadi Halfa children was one of the first of its kind, and it helped to establish the potential for growth studies using prehistoric remains. Our later studies include comparisons of growth patterns between both the Kulubnarti communities and the Wadi Halfa and Kulubnarti. Once again, our results demonstrated the health consequences of politics, social advantage, and economic opportunity. The chapter concludes with our investigations into the obstetric consequences of diminished growth on birthing and neonatal survival.Less
This chapter presents our studies of growth and development in Nubian infants and children. The study of growth in the Wadi Halfa children was one of the first of its kind, and it helped to establish the potential for growth studies using prehistoric remains. Our later studies include comparisons of growth patterns between both the Kulubnarti communities and the Wadi Halfa and Kulubnarti. Once again, our results demonstrated the health consequences of politics, social advantage, and economic opportunity. The chapter concludes with our investigations into the obstetric consequences of diminished growth on birthing and neonatal survival.
Pamela M. Henson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226538327
- eISBN:
- 9780226538631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226538631.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
American zoos went through significant changes in basic goals during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, from parks for recreation and education to centers for conservation of endangered species. ...
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American zoos went through significant changes in basic goals during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, from parks for recreation and education to centers for conservation of endangered species. From the first American zoo at Philadelphia to the National Zoological Park and Bronx Zoo founded by William Temple Hornaday, to the modern San Diego Wild Animal Park, this chapter traces the transition from menageries designed to entertain to zoological parks designed to educate, and finally to centers of research, breeding and preservation of endangered species. Zoos that once competed to be the only park to display an exotic species now share research and experience in caring for endangered animals, including environment, nutrition, health, behavior, and even the animals themselves. Cooperative Species Survival Plans govern which animals go to what zoos and breed with which animals to ensure genetic diversity. Complex behavioral training prepares animals for reintroduction to their natural environment, but deeper understanding of the genomes of endangered species has raised questions about whether zoo animals reintroduced to the wild are the same as the animals earlier taken from their natural environments. Despite challenges, most people now believe the primary purposes of zoos are education and conservation of endangered species.Less
American zoos went through significant changes in basic goals during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, from parks for recreation and education to centers for conservation of endangered species. From the first American zoo at Philadelphia to the National Zoological Park and Bronx Zoo founded by William Temple Hornaday, to the modern San Diego Wild Animal Park, this chapter traces the transition from menageries designed to entertain to zoological parks designed to educate, and finally to centers of research, breeding and preservation of endangered species. Zoos that once competed to be the only park to display an exotic species now share research and experience in caring for endangered animals, including environment, nutrition, health, behavior, and even the animals themselves. Cooperative Species Survival Plans govern which animals go to what zoos and breed with which animals to ensure genetic diversity. Complex behavioral training prepares animals for reintroduction to their natural environment, but deeper understanding of the genomes of endangered species has raised questions about whether zoo animals reintroduced to the wild are the same as the animals earlier taken from their natural environments. Despite challenges, most people now believe the primary purposes of zoos are education and conservation of endangered species.
Kristen E. Lukas and Tara S. Stoinski
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226538327
- eISBN:
- 9780226538631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226538631.003.0012
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
A decade ago Stoinski, Lukas, and Hutchins (2008) conducted and published a review of ways institutions accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) contributed to in situ conservation ...
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A decade ago Stoinski, Lukas, and Hutchins (2008) conducted and published a review of ways institutions accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) contributed to in situ conservation of gorillas from 1997 to 2005. The results revealed that nearly half of Gorilla Species Survival Plan zoos were not supporting gorilla conservation and the efforts of those that did so were largely short-term, sporadic, and unevenly distributed among institutions. Fully aware of the myriad challenges facing natural areas, good zoos and aquariums are making increasingly stronger commitments to wildlife conservation and becoming places where people can act and be part of the solution. Many mechanisms have arisen in the past few years to ensure that zoos and zoo visitors are connected to wildlife conservation, particularly for charismatic species such as gorillas. This chapter provides an overview of the Ape Taxon Advisory Group Conservation Initiative, evidence that individual zoos are now making long-term commitments to gorilla conservation programs, and a call to action for AZA zoos and aquariums to collectively become the world’s largest wildlife conservation organization. By leveraging combined scientific, financial, and advocacy resources zoos and aquariums can play a key role in redefining the future for wildlife.Less
A decade ago Stoinski, Lukas, and Hutchins (2008) conducted and published a review of ways institutions accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) contributed to in situ conservation of gorillas from 1997 to 2005. The results revealed that nearly half of Gorilla Species Survival Plan zoos were not supporting gorilla conservation and the efforts of those that did so were largely short-term, sporadic, and unevenly distributed among institutions. Fully aware of the myriad challenges facing natural areas, good zoos and aquariums are making increasingly stronger commitments to wildlife conservation and becoming places where people can act and be part of the solution. Many mechanisms have arisen in the past few years to ensure that zoos and zoo visitors are connected to wildlife conservation, particularly for charismatic species such as gorillas. This chapter provides an overview of the Ape Taxon Advisory Group Conservation Initiative, evidence that individual zoos are now making long-term commitments to gorilla conservation programs, and a call to action for AZA zoos and aquariums to collectively become the world’s largest wildlife conservation organization. By leveraging combined scientific, financial, and advocacy resources zoos and aquariums can play a key role in redefining the future for wildlife.
Drew Walker
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780748678846
- eISBN:
- 9781474412438
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748678846.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter argues that Butler–both before and after her “ethical turn”–presents two distinct images of the human that track competing drives for subversion and survival in her work and that have ...
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This chapter argues that Butler–both before and after her “ethical turn”–presents two distinct images of the human that track competing drives for subversion and survival in her work and that have very different political effects. First, Butler’s focus on “grievability” and precariousness offers a view of the human as a category necessary for one’s life to matter and bear political agency. This figure of the human overstates the power of the “human” to protect us from state and social violence, and it can undervalue the agency of lives outside dominant norms of the “human.” Second, Butler presents an image of the human as a dynamic field of contestation that is always in the flux of reiteration and subversion. This image of the human comes closer to realizing the potential of Butler’s work to trouble the terms of the human and provoke a politics of difference. Examining these theorizations of the human, I consider the uncertainty of “the human” as a power both to redeem and to abject. In so doing, I develop a politics of the human that dramatizes moments where the human expresses itself in spite of attempts to stifle it or snuff it out.Less
This chapter argues that Butler–both before and after her “ethical turn”–presents two distinct images of the human that track competing drives for subversion and survival in her work and that have very different political effects. First, Butler’s focus on “grievability” and precariousness offers a view of the human as a category necessary for one’s life to matter and bear political agency. This figure of the human overstates the power of the “human” to protect us from state and social violence, and it can undervalue the agency of lives outside dominant norms of the “human.” Second, Butler presents an image of the human as a dynamic field of contestation that is always in the flux of reiteration and subversion. This image of the human comes closer to realizing the potential of Butler’s work to trouble the terms of the human and provoke a politics of difference. Examining these theorizations of the human, I consider the uncertainty of “the human” as a power both to redeem and to abject. In so doing, I develop a politics of the human that dramatizes moments where the human expresses itself in spite of attempts to stifle it or snuff it out.
