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Final Reflections

Kirstine Szifris

in Philosophy Behind Bars: Growth and Development in Prison

This final, short chapter, offers a brief account of the research and the role philosophy could potentially play in the lives of people in prison.

Conclusion

Sally Mayall Brasher

in Hospitals and Charity: Religious Culture and Civic Life in Medieval Northern Italy

The conclusions chapter summarizes the findings of the earlier chapters and reiterates the claim that throughout northern Italy, beginning as early as the twelfth century, as result of the pious ... More

The conclusions chapter summarizes the findings of the earlier chapters and reiterates the claim that throughout northern Italy, beginning as early as the twelfth century, as result of the pious impulse of an emerging class of cittadini, the focus of religious charitable activity was targeted on specific localized communities resulting in the founding of small, community-cantered hospitals. Over the following three centuries management of these hospitals evolved from grass-roots initiative of the community, through ecclesiastical reform and finally was appropriated by the civic government of the city-states. This evolution mirrored changes in urban society during the period and provides and excellent lens through which to view late medieval Italian society and religious culture.Less

Civil society through the lifecourse

Sally Power

in Civil Society through the Lifecourse

This chapter, Sally Power, has three main purposes. Firstly, it summarises the principal findings from each of the contributing chapters in order to identify any cross-cutting findings. Secondly, it ... More

This chapter, Sally Power, has three main purposes. Firstly, it summarises the principal findings from each of the contributing chapters in order to identify any cross-cutting findings. Secondly, it reflects on the merits of understanding engagement with civil society from a lifecourse perspectives. Thirdly, the chapter concludes with a brief examination of the implications of the principal findings for policymakers and other key stakeholders trying to promote greater levels of civil and political participation.Less

Systematic Recurrence of Murders and Disappearances in Democratic Brazil

Marlon Alberto Weichert

in Disappearances in the Post-Transition Era in Latin America

In the post-transition period, Brazil has experienced extremely high levels of lethal violence, perpetrated by both criminal groups and public security forces, which has primarily targeted poor black ... More

In the post-transition period, Brazil has experienced extremely high levels of lethal violence, perpetrated by both criminal groups and public security forces, which has primarily targeted poor black youths. Despite this high level of violence in a democracy, state agencies persist in their failure to carry out effective measures to reduce and prevent systematic death and disappearance, and to investigate and prosecute homicides and disappearances that victimise this population. Evidence of summary execution and enforced disappearance, moreover, indicate that the Brazilian state is also responsible for a significant portion of these crimes. In response, public authorities have recently adopted a public discourse of crime prevention that exempts police from being held accountable for killing criminal suspects and even encouraging the murder of those criminal suspects during police operations. This chapter argues that the systematic death and disappearance of these civilian populations may be seen conceptually as a crime against humanity, as defined in the Rome Statute. While prior to 2019 it was possible to argue that the killing of poor black youths constituted a policy of omission, after that year evidence suggests that Brazilian security agents have crossed a threshold into actively committing a systematic crime against humanity against citizens.Less

Conclusion and Future Directions

Thanh V. Tran and Keith T. Chan

in Applied Cross-Cultural Data Analysis for Social Work

We conclude the book in this chapter, and discuss a summary of chapters, limitations and future directions. Defining culture is a complex task, and we provided practical guides for social work ... More

We conclude the book in this chapter, and discuss a summary of chapters, limitations and future directions. Defining culture is a complex task, and we provided practical guides for social work students and researchers to make cross-cultural comparisons in their research. We began this book with a discussion on culture and its relation to social work. We then outlined the process of data management and the use of descriptive statistic techniques to describe differences among cultural groups. We demonstrated and illustrated the application of cross cultural comparisons using linear regression, logistic regression, structural equation modeling (SEM), hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), and geomap visualizations. We concluded with a discussion on limitations and our hope for future directions in cross-cultural research in the social work discipline.Less

The Hour as Goal and Vehicle: A Summary of ISIS Apocalypticism

Bronislav Ostřanský

in The Jihadist Preachers of the End Times: ISIS Apocalyptic Propaganda

This final chapter cannot be called an epilogue in the correct sense of the word since we are still not in a position to answer some of the key questions, e.g. whether or not ISIS protagonists really ... More

This final chapter cannot be called an epilogue in the correct sense of the word since we are still not in a position to answer some of the key questions, e.g. whether or not ISIS protagonists really believe their own pronouncements. Of course, reaching to attain the higher (i.e. the millennial) goal can make any earthly suffering more bearable. Islamic apocalyptists have sought to console and encourage, while, at the same time, to warn and frighten. Nowadays, exactly as at the very beginning of Islam, a substantial part of Muslims believe that they are living in the Last Days. However, until now nobody is certain as to the future results of such a widespread apocalyptic conviction. Nevertheless, despite the above mentioned limitations in our knowledge, the stormy terrain of ISIS apocalyptic manifestations enables us to formulate a set of concluding remarks.Less

* Marriage Saving and the Early Days of Conciliation: The Role of Claud Mullins

STEPHEN CRETNEY

in Law, Law Reform and the Family

In the 1930s, pressure began to build up to improve the legal system's response to the problem of marriage breakdown amongst the working classes; and the Summary Procedure (Domestic Proceedings) Act ... More

In the 1930s, pressure began to build up to improve the legal system's response to the problem of marriage breakdown amongst the working classes; and the Summary Procedure (Domestic Proceedings) Act 1937 can in retrospect be seen as a decisive breakthrough—not only in relation to the procedures in the magistrates' courts but by highlighting the case for making ‘conciliation’ generally available in family cases as a means of resolving the questions which have to be settled. The case for conciliation had been pursued with particular vigour by one of the Metropolitan Police Magistrates, Claud Mullins, whose contribution to law reform in this area deserves more attention than it has received from lawyers in the past. This chapter gives an account of the background to, and the significance of, the 1937 Act and places on record the part played in the story by a very remarkable individual.Less

Epilogue

Eaton E. Lattman, Thomas D. Grant, and Edward H. Snell

in Biological Small Angle Scattering: Theory and Practice

This chapter summarizes the book, describes publications that provide complementary information, and sets the tone for the future.

Constructing Book of Mormon Historical Narratives

William L. Davis

in Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon

Chapter Six explores Smith's use of story outlines as the narrative anchors for his oral composition of the Book of Mormon. By reviewing the sketch outlines, or "skeletons," of stories in advance of ... More

Chapter Six explores Smith's use of story outlines as the narrative anchors for his oral composition of the Book of Mormon. By reviewing the sketch outlines, or "skeletons," of stories in advance of his dictation sessions, Smith could use such outlines as a mental guide, which he expanded extemporaneously into fully developed narratives in the moment of delivery. The original Book of Mormon summary headings for internal books, chapters, and sections provide explicit examples of this method of oral composition. Smith dictated the outlines of stories before dictating the stories themselves, revealing his advance knowledge of the narrative shape and structure of his stories, which he expanded extemporaneously during dictation to his scribes. This chapter also challenges the apologetic claim that such outlines represent ancient colophons, along with exploring Smith's use of mnemonic cues and embedded outlines. Finally, based on internal and external evidence, the chapter argues that Smith was fully aware of the overall story structure of the Book of Mormon before he started dictating the work.Less

Visions of the past: The Anglo-Saxons and the ancient landscape

Sarah Semple

in Perceptions of the Prehistoric in Anglo-Saxon England: Religion, Ritual, and Rulership in the Landscape

This chapter provides a concluding summary. The ancient monuments that marked the landscape were meaningful features to Anglo-Saxon populations throughout the era. Populations sought out ancient ... More

This chapter provides a concluding summary. The ancient monuments that marked the landscape were meaningful features to Anglo-Saxon populations throughout the era. Populations sought out ancient prehistoric monuments as places at which to burial their dead, creating connections to landscape, and shaping their territory by means of mortuary events. Monuments had other roles too as physical landmarks, as places for battles, assemblies, and musters. Not all monuments were significant, but some accrued importance, acquiring a seminal status that seems to have led to their continued reuse at key moments across the early medieval period, often to legitimate elite authority and power. The ancient, human-altered features of the landscape were intrinsic elements alongside the natural in the shaping of local world-view and beliefs. The communities in Anglo-Saxon England developed a sense of being and place that was intimate to their immediate world and ancient monuments were part of thisLess

Setting the Scene

John Sprack and Michael Engelhardt–Sprack

in A Practical Approach to Criminal Procedure

Criminal trials in England and Wales take one of two forms. They are either trials on indictment or summary trials. Trial in the youth court, which might at first sight appear to be a third ... More

Criminal trials in England and Wales take one of two forms. They are either trials on indictment or summary trials. Trial in the youth court, which might at first sight appear to be a third distinct form of trial, is in fact a special form of summary trial. Parts 2 and 3 of this book will deal in detail with, respectively, summary trial and trial on indictment. The following two Paragraphs will give an indication of the salient characteristics of the two methods of trial. Less

The Coarse and Dry Study of the Law: 1743 — 1774

Jeff Broadwater

in Jefferson, Madison, and the Making of the Constitution

The first chapter examines the early lives and education of Jefferson and Madison. Jefferson attended the College of William and Mary and studied law under George Wythe. He was also influenced by the ... More

The first chapter examines the early lives and education of Jefferson and Madison. Jefferson attended the College of William and Mary and studied law under George Wythe. He was also influenced by the writings of John Locke, Obidiah Hulme, Lord Bolingbroke, Lord Shaftesbury, Francis Hutcheson, and Lord Kames, and developed an essentially optimistic view of human nature. Madison studied under the Presbyterian theologian John Witherspoon at what is today Princeton University. Madison early on became a strong believer in freedom of religion. Meanwhile, Jefferson was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses and produced his first important public paper, A Summary View of the Rights of British America. A Summary View challenged the authority of Parliament in Britain’s American colonies and marked Jefferson’s emergence as a major political figure.Less

Conclusions

Warren Maguire

in Language and Dialect Contact in Ireland: The Phonological Origins of Mid-Ulster English

This chapter recaps the content of the book and summarises its main findings, that the dialect developed through New Dialect Formation as a result of contact between different dialects of English and ... More

This chapter recaps the content of the book and summarises its main findings, that the dialect developed through New Dialect Formation as a result of contact between different dialects of English and Scots, and as a result of it being learned by adult speakers of Scots, who imposed aspects of their phonology on it. The language shift from Irish had minimal impact on the phonological development of the dialect. The importance of these findings for understanding the genesis of Irish English more generally and for expanding our understanding of new dialect formation in situations of settlement colonisation are also considered.Less

Livy Reading Polybius: Adapting Greek Narrative to Roman History

Dennis Pausch

in Defining Greek Narrative

Both Polybius and Livy reflect on their readers and on the danger of boring them. Livy did not content himself with copying Polybius’ text as a source, but studied his methodology. This chapter ... More

Both Polybius and Livy reflect on their readers and on the danger of boring them. Livy did not content himself with copying Polybius’ text as a source, but studied his methodology. This chapter examines three elements in particular: the use of the first person (Livy is sometimes emphatically present); summaries prefixed to the individual books and how they can be employed to make the reader more attentive (Livy prefers embedded and implicit previews to Polybius’ explicit guidance); and the arrangement of the historical events according to time and space, where Livy, though still annalistic, centers his narrative on Rome. Ironically the Greek writer is more driven by utility, the Roman by emotional engagement and literary concerns—Livy is more Greek than his Greek source.Less

Some Final Thoughts

Stanley B. Klein

in The Two Selves: Their Metaphysical Commitments and Functional Independence

In Chapter 6 I summarize the points made in previous chapters. I also appeal for a more inclusive approach to the empirical study of psychological reality – an approach that considers all aspects of ... More

In Chapter 6 I summarize the points made in previous chapters. I also appeal for a more inclusive approach to the empirical study of psychological reality – an approach that considers all aspects of experience as real, and attempts to understand those experiences using all the tools currently available. I conclude that the self of neural instantiation and the self of subjectivity are contingently related by personal ownership, and that this connection can be undone under certain conditions of pathology. This suggests, in turn, a functional independence of, and reality for, the two categories of self discussed in this book.Less

Model Jingju as Pinnacle of Cultural Reconstruction

Xing Fan

in Staging Revolution: Artistry and Aesthetics in Model Beijing Opera during the Cultural Revolution

Time: fall 1963 to 1976. China saw an increasingly intense struggle over literature and art, with modern jingju as a primary battlefield. The 1964 Festival of Modern Jingju Performances for Emulation ... More

Time: fall 1963 to 1976. China saw an increasingly intense struggle over literature and art, with modern jingju as a primary battlefield. The 1964 Festival of Modern Jingju Performances for Emulation reconfirmed the priority of modern plays in xiqu creation, reinforced the significance of modern jingju in literature and art, and firmly established Jiang Qing as the leader of this movement. Model works were designated as the exemplar of socialist culture construction, exemplifying such creative principles as the Basic Task, the Combination of Revolutionary Realism and Revolutionary Romanticism, and the Three Prominences. Chapter 4 includes a close analysis of Jiang Qing’s controversial role in supervising modern jingju creation and an analytical chronicle of five major versions of Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy—from the first version in 1958 to the final model version in 1970—as an illustration of changes in plotting and characterization during the creative process of model jingju development.Less

Jefferson’s “Summary View” Reviewed, Yet Again

Ralph Lerner

in Naïve Readings: Reveilles Political and Philosophic

Thomas Jefferson’s revolutionary document of August 1774 known to us as “A Summary View of the Rights of British America” has assumed protean shapes and significance, inviting its contemporary and ... More

Thomas Jefferson’s revolutionary document of August 1774 known to us as “A Summary View of the Rights of British America” has assumed protean shapes and significance, inviting its contemporary and subsequent readers to discover diverse intentions and messages in its stirring words. Taking a confessedly naïve view of a sophisticated literary production, this essay seeks to trace how that text works upon the minds and feelings of a diverse readership. From that vantage point Jefferson may be seen as threading a narrow path. He must refrain from insisting upon radical conclusions lest he lose more cautious members of his audience. Yet he must give voice to radical principles. For unless his public recognizes and adopts those principles as their own, they cannot become the distinct people Jefferson envisions: a people capable and worthy of shaping their own destiny.Less

Summary: analysis and characterisation

Lewis Minkin

in The Blair Supremacy: A study in the politics of Labour's party management

This chapter gives an overview and characterisation of the form of management politics and power relations under Blair. From the study a broad range of new findings are summarised noting patterns of ... More

This chapter gives an overview and characterisation of the form of management politics and power relations under Blair. From the study a broad range of new findings are summarised noting patterns of management, major variabilities and exceptions, interspersed with analytical comment. This facilitates assessment in relation to common assumptions and to previous empirical and theoretical positions. Blair’s party is best, though clumsily, characterised as a managerised party in which officials, on behalf of the Leader, had flexible facilities and considerable scope for expanding their power as part of the covert managerial system. The culture legitimised a manipulative realism about the party and its rules, a rolling coup, and an assymetrical normative order in relations with the still restrained unions. Yet this can not be summarised to be complete Blair supremacy. In different locations over time, the evidence did not fit easily into a one-dimensional one-directional characterisation. And, accompanied by distrust, over time resistance grew in response to his judgments. Even his management system had internal and growing divisions and the commanding and manipulative system failed to protect him in September 2006.Less

Summary and Implications

Dean A. Dabney and Richard Tewksbury

in Speaking Truth to Power: Confidential Informants and Police Investigations

The concluding chapter summarizes the key take away messages emanating from the ethnographic work that underlies the book. A series of theoretical considerations are detailed, including an effort to ... More

The concluding chapter summarizes the key take away messages emanating from the ethnographic work that underlies the book. A series of theoretical considerations are detailed, including an effort to establish a broader context associated with the book’s 4-part typology of the police-citizen information exchange, the observation that informant work is inherently complex, and that more theoretical development is needed. A host of policy considerations are forwarded, including calls for more structure and protocol surrounding informant use and a need for police to plan ahead on the role that the police-citizen information exchange will play in the future.Less

Conclusion

Liam Shields

in Just Enough: Sufficiency As a Demand of Justice

This chapter summarises the main arguments of the book and the central claims of shift-sufficientarianism. The chapter speculates about the future for sufficientarianism and suggests that the view ... More

This chapter summarises the main arguments of the book and the central claims of shift-sufficientarianism. The chapter speculates about the future for sufficientarianism and suggests that the view will have good prospects in the areas of non-ideal theory, and legitimacy and consensus, as well as health and taxation. The chapter also suggests that a more positive relationship between sufficientarianism and egalitarianism might emerge in the future from understanding sufficientarianism as shift-sufficientarianismLess