Serge A. Wich, S Suci Utami Atmoko, Tatang Mitra Setia, and Carel P. van Schaik (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199213276
- eISBN:
- 9780191707568
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213276.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This book describes one of our closest relatives, the orangutan, and the only extant great ape in Asia. It is increasingly clear that orangutan populations show extensive variation in behavioral ...
More
This book describes one of our closest relatives, the orangutan, and the only extant great ape in Asia. It is increasingly clear that orangutan populations show extensive variation in behavioral ecology, morphology, life history, and genes. Indeed, on the strength of the latest genetic and morphological evidence, it has been proposed that orangutans actually constitute two species which diverged more than a million years ago — one on the island of Sumatra the other on Borneo, with the latter comprising three subspecies. This book has two main aims. The first is to carefully compare data from every orangutan research site, examining the differences and similarities between orangutan species, subspecies and populations. The second is to develop a theoretical framework in which these differences and similarities can be explained. To achieve these goals the book synthesizes and compares the data, quantify the similarities or differences, and seeks to explain them.Less
This book describes one of our closest relatives, the orangutan, and the only extant great ape in Asia. It is increasingly clear that orangutan populations show extensive variation in behavioral ecology, morphology, life history, and genes. Indeed, on the strength of the latest genetic and morphological evidence, it has been proposed that orangutans actually constitute two species which diverged more than a million years ago — one on the island of Sumatra the other on Borneo, with the latter comprising three subspecies. This book has two main aims. The first is to carefully compare data from every orangutan research site, examining the differences and similarities between orangutan species, subspecies and populations. The second is to develop a theoretical framework in which these differences and similarities can be explained. To achieve these goals the book synthesizes and compares the data, quantify the similarities or differences, and seeks to explain them.
Evelyn Blackwood
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824834425
- eISBN:
- 9780824870461
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824834425.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This book offers a compelling view of sexual and gender difference through the everyday lives of tombois and their girlfriends (“femmes”) in the city of Padang, West Sumatra. While likening ...
More
This book offers a compelling view of sexual and gender difference through the everyday lives of tombois and their girlfriends (“femmes”) in the city of Padang, West Sumatra. While likening themselves to heterosexual couples, tombois and femmes contest and blur dominant constructions of gender and heterosexuality. Tombois are masculine females who identify as men and desire women; their girlfriends view themselves as normal women who desire men. The book shows how these same-sex Indonesian couples negotiate transgressive identities and desires and how their experiences speak to the struggles and desires of sexual and gender minorities everywhere. It analyzes the complex and seemingly contradictory practices of tombois and their partners, demonstrating how they make sense of Islamic, transnational, and modern state discourses in ways that seem to align with normative gender and sexual categories while at the same time subverting them. The book reveals the complexity of tomboi masculinity, showing how tombois enact both masculine and feminine behaviors as they move between the anonymity and vulnerability of public spaces and the familiarity of family spaces. It demonstrates how nationally and globally circulating queer discourses are received and reinterpreted by tombois and femmes. Their identities are clearly both part of yet different than global gay models of sexuality. In contrast to the international LGBT model of “modern” sexualities, this work reveals a multiplicity of sexual and gender subjectivities in Indonesia, arguing for the importance of recognizing and validating this diversity in the global gay ecumene.Less
This book offers a compelling view of sexual and gender difference through the everyday lives of tombois and their girlfriends (“femmes”) in the city of Padang, West Sumatra. While likening themselves to heterosexual couples, tombois and femmes contest and blur dominant constructions of gender and heterosexuality. Tombois are masculine females who identify as men and desire women; their girlfriends view themselves as normal women who desire men. The book shows how these same-sex Indonesian couples negotiate transgressive identities and desires and how their experiences speak to the struggles and desires of sexual and gender minorities everywhere. It analyzes the complex and seemingly contradictory practices of tombois and their partners, demonstrating how they make sense of Islamic, transnational, and modern state discourses in ways that seem to align with normative gender and sexual categories while at the same time subverting them. The book reveals the complexity of tomboi masculinity, showing how tombois enact both masculine and feminine behaviors as they move between the anonymity and vulnerability of public spaces and the familiarity of family spaces. It demonstrates how nationally and globally circulating queer discourses are received and reinterpreted by tombois and femmes. Their identities are clearly both part of yet different than global gay models of sexuality. In contrast to the international LGBT model of “modern” sexualities, this work reveals a multiplicity of sexual and gender subjectivities in Indonesia, arguing for the importance of recognizing and validating this diversity in the global gay ecumene.
Gregory M. Simon
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824838300
- eISBN:
- 9780824868413
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824838300.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
The moral practices and concepts that circulate in Minangkabau society in West Sumatra, Indonesia articulate and help manage tensions between conflicting values and conflicting experiences of ...
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The moral practices and concepts that circulate in Minangkabau society in West Sumatra, Indonesia articulate and help manage tensions between conflicting values and conflicting experiences of selfhood, particularly the tension between social integration and individual autonomy. The book examines these tensions ethnographically in multiple arenas: the structure of the city of Bukittinggi and its economic life, the nature of Minangkabau ethnic identity, the etiquette of everyday interactions, conceptions of the self and its boundaries, hidden spaces of personal identity, and engagements with Islamic rituals and moral conceptions. Applying the lessons of the Minangkabau case more broadly to debates on moral life and subjectivity makes the case that a deep understanding of moral conceptions and practices, including those of Islam, can never be reached simply by delineating their abstract logics or outlining the public messages they send. Instead, we must examine the subtle, sometimes intentionally obscured meanings these conceptions and practices have for the people who live them. Whether in the context of suffering or flourishing, moral subjectivity always confronts the challenge of responding to and managing the enduring tensions of human selves, which necessarily entail bodily, relational, and reflective dimensions.Less
The moral practices and concepts that circulate in Minangkabau society in West Sumatra, Indonesia articulate and help manage tensions between conflicting values and conflicting experiences of selfhood, particularly the tension between social integration and individual autonomy. The book examines these tensions ethnographically in multiple arenas: the structure of the city of Bukittinggi and its economic life, the nature of Minangkabau ethnic identity, the etiquette of everyday interactions, conceptions of the self and its boundaries, hidden spaces of personal identity, and engagements with Islamic rituals and moral conceptions. Applying the lessons of the Minangkabau case more broadly to debates on moral life and subjectivity makes the case that a deep understanding of moral conceptions and practices, including those of Islam, can never be reached simply by delineating their abstract logics or outlining the public messages they send. Instead, we must examine the subtle, sometimes intentionally obscured meanings these conceptions and practices have for the people who live them. Whether in the context of suffering or flourishing, moral subjectivity always confronts the challenge of responding to and managing the enduring tensions of human selves, which necessarily entail bodily, relational, and reflective dimensions.
Margaret Kartomi
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036712
- eISBN:
- 9780252093821
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036712.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
Although Sumatra is the sixth largest island in the world and home to an estimated 44 million Indonesians, its musical arts and cultures have not been the subject of a book-length study until now. ...
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Although Sumatra is the sixth largest island in the world and home to an estimated 44 million Indonesians, its musical arts and cultures have not been the subject of a book-length study until now. Documenting and explaining the ethnographic, cultural, and historical contexts of Sumatra's performing arts, this book also traces the changes in their style, content, and reception from the early 1970s onward. The book offers a fascinating ethnographic record of vanishing musical genres, traditions, and practices that have become deeply compromised by the pressures of urbanization, rural poverty, and government policy. It showcases the complex diversity of Indonesian music and includes field observations from six different provinces: Aceh, North Sumatra, Riau, West Sumatra, South Sumatra, and Bangka-Belitung. Featuring photographs and original drawings from Kartomi's field observations of instruments and performances, the book provides a comprehensive musical introduction to this neglected, very large island, with its hundreds of ethno-linguistic-musical groups.Less
Although Sumatra is the sixth largest island in the world and home to an estimated 44 million Indonesians, its musical arts and cultures have not been the subject of a book-length study until now. Documenting and explaining the ethnographic, cultural, and historical contexts of Sumatra's performing arts, this book also traces the changes in their style, content, and reception from the early 1970s onward. The book offers a fascinating ethnographic record of vanishing musical genres, traditions, and practices that have become deeply compromised by the pressures of urbanization, rural poverty, and government policy. It showcases the complex diversity of Indonesian music and includes field observations from six different provinces: Aceh, North Sumatra, Riau, West Sumatra, South Sumatra, and Bangka-Belitung. Featuring photographs and original drawings from Kartomi's field observations of instruments and performances, the book provides a comprehensive musical introduction to this neglected, very large island, with its hundreds of ethno-linguistic-musical groups.
Robert Cribb, Helen Gilbert, and Helen Tiffin
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824837143
- eISBN:
- 9780824869779
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824837143.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Arguably the most humanlike of all the great apes, particularly in intelligence and behavior, the orangutan has been cherished, used, and abused ever since it was first brought to the attention of ...
More
Arguably the most humanlike of all the great apes, particularly in intelligence and behavior, the orangutan has been cherished, used, and abused ever since it was first brought to the attention of Europeans in the seventeenth century. The red ape has engaged the interest of scientists, philosophers, artists, and the public at large. One reason for such a long-term engagement with a being found only on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra is that, like its fellow great apes, the orangutan stands on that most uncomfortable dividing line between human and animal, existing, for us, on what has been called “the dangerous edge of the garden of nature.” Beginning with the scientific discovery of the red ape more than three hundred years ago, this book goes on to examine the ways in which its human attributes have been both recognized and denied in science, philosophy, travel literature, popular science, literature, theatre, museums, and film. It offers analysis of the origin of the name “orangutan,” traces how the ape has been recruited to arguments on topics as diverse as slavery and rape, and outlines the history of attempts to save the animal from extinction. Today, while human populations increase exponentially, that of the orangutan is in dangerous decline. The remaining “wild men of Borneo” are under increasing threat from mining interests, logging, human population expansion, and the widespread destruction of forests.Less
Arguably the most humanlike of all the great apes, particularly in intelligence and behavior, the orangutan has been cherished, used, and abused ever since it was first brought to the attention of Europeans in the seventeenth century. The red ape has engaged the interest of scientists, philosophers, artists, and the public at large. One reason for such a long-term engagement with a being found only on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra is that, like its fellow great apes, the orangutan stands on that most uncomfortable dividing line between human and animal, existing, for us, on what has been called “the dangerous edge of the garden of nature.” Beginning with the scientific discovery of the red ape more than three hundred years ago, this book goes on to examine the ways in which its human attributes have been both recognized and denied in science, philosophy, travel literature, popular science, literature, theatre, museums, and film. It offers analysis of the origin of the name “orangutan,” traces how the ape has been recruited to arguments on topics as diverse as slavery and rape, and outlines the history of attempts to save the animal from extinction. Today, while human populations increase exponentially, that of the orangutan is in dangerous decline. The remaining “wild men of Borneo” are under increasing threat from mining interests, logging, human population expansion, and the widespread destruction of forests.
Susan Rodgers
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520085466
- eISBN:
- 9780520914797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520085466.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This book presents English translations of two childhood memoirs from Sumatra, Indonesia: P. Pospos's Aku dan Toba: Tjatatan dari Masa Kanak-Kanak (Me and Toba: Notes from Childhood Times) and ...
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This book presents English translations of two childhood memoirs from Sumatra, Indonesia: P. Pospos's Aku dan Toba: Tjatatan dari Masa Kanak-Kanak (Me and Toba: Notes from Childhood Times) and Muhamad Radjab's Semasa Kecil di Kampung (Village Childhood). It explores the role of autobiography in Indonesian and Malay historical traditions. This chapter explains that interpenetration of autobiographical memory and public history appears to be particularly acute for Indonesians who were born during the first two and three decades of the twentieth century.Less
This book presents English translations of two childhood memoirs from Sumatra, Indonesia: P. Pospos's Aku dan Toba: Tjatatan dari Masa Kanak-Kanak (Me and Toba: Notes from Childhood Times) and Muhamad Radjab's Semasa Kecil di Kampung (Village Childhood). It explores the role of autobiography in Indonesian and Malay historical traditions. This chapter explains that interpenetration of autobiographical memory and public history appears to be particularly acute for Indonesians who were born during the first two and three decades of the twentieth century.
Susan Rodgers
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520085466
- eISBN:
- 9780520914797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520085466.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter presents the English translation of P. Pospos's childhood memoirs Aku dan Toba: Tjatatan dari Masa Kanak-Kanak. The twenty-four chapters of these memoirs relate the author's experience ...
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This chapter presents the English translation of P. Pospos's childhood memoirs Aku dan Toba: Tjatatan dari Masa Kanak-Kanak. The twenty-four chapters of these memoirs relate the author's experience in growing up in Toba, Sumatra, and discuss his observations about village traditions and the governance of the Dutch colonial government. The memoirs criticize various aspects of village life and shares the author's vision for future Toba.Less
This chapter presents the English translation of P. Pospos's childhood memoirs Aku dan Toba: Tjatatan dari Masa Kanak-Kanak. The twenty-four chapters of these memoirs relate the author's experience in growing up in Toba, Sumatra, and discuss his observations about village traditions and the governance of the Dutch colonial government. The memoirs criticize various aspects of village life and shares the author's vision for future Toba.
Rudolph J. Vecoli and Francesco Durante
Donna R. Gabaccia (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780823279869
- eISBN:
- 9780823281428
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823279869.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter chronicles Celso Cesare Moreno's exploits in Asia, beginning with his decision to take to the sea like other Italian missionaries, explorers, and traders before him, such as Marco Polo ...
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This chapter chronicles Celso Cesare Moreno's exploits in Asia, beginning with his decision to take to the sea like other Italian missionaries, explorers, and traders before him, such as Marco Polo and Vasco da Gama. Moreno's initial zone of activity was the Mediterranean, but he later made his way to the Cape of Good Hope, the Horn of Africa, the Red Sea, and finally, India. Arriving in Calcutta in June 1859, Moreno became entangled in a bitter dispute with Giovanni Casella, a successful merchant, and Father Vincenzo Bruno, a missionary. The chapter also considers Moreno's role in the Sepoy Mutiny during his time in India; his “discovery” of Sumatra; his sojourn in China, where he became involved in the Taiping Rebellion; his failed attempt to convince the Italian government to establish a colony in Sumatra; his efforts to sell Sumatra to Napoleon III; and his travel to Indochina to explore scantly known regions, among other objectives.Less
This chapter chronicles Celso Cesare Moreno's exploits in Asia, beginning with his decision to take to the sea like other Italian missionaries, explorers, and traders before him, such as Marco Polo and Vasco da Gama. Moreno's initial zone of activity was the Mediterranean, but he later made his way to the Cape of Good Hope, the Horn of Africa, the Red Sea, and finally, India. Arriving in Calcutta in June 1859, Moreno became entangled in a bitter dispute with Giovanni Casella, a successful merchant, and Father Vincenzo Bruno, a missionary. The chapter also considers Moreno's role in the Sepoy Mutiny during his time in India; his “discovery” of Sumatra; his sojourn in China, where he became involved in the Taiping Rebellion; his failed attempt to convince the Italian government to establish a colony in Sumatra; his efforts to sell Sumatra to Napoleon III; and his travel to Indochina to explore scantly known regions, among other objectives.
Rudolph J. Vecoli and Francesco Durante
Donna R. Gabaccia (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780823279869
- eISBN:
- 9780823281428
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823279869.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter focuses on Celso Cesare Moreno's failed Pulau Weh project during his voyage to North America that commenced in 1868. It first considers the various reactions to Moreno's presence in ...
More
This chapter focuses on Celso Cesare Moreno's failed Pulau Weh project during his voyage to North America that commenced in 1868. It first considers the various reactions to Moreno's presence in America before discussing his efforts to sell Pulau Weh, an island off the northeast coast of Sumatra for which he claimed ownership, to the U.S. government. It then examines Moreno's 1869 publication of the pamphlet American Interests in Asia in which he cast Asia and most of the ethnic groups there—particularly the Chinese—in a positive light. It also describes Moreno's attempt to engage America in the economic development of China and his proposed transpacific submarine cable between America and Asia. Finally, it explains why Moreno was unable to realize his two objectives: the sale of his Pacific island or the construction of the transpacific cable.Less
This chapter focuses on Celso Cesare Moreno's failed Pulau Weh project during his voyage to North America that commenced in 1868. It first considers the various reactions to Moreno's presence in America before discussing his efforts to sell Pulau Weh, an island off the northeast coast of Sumatra for which he claimed ownership, to the U.S. government. It then examines Moreno's 1869 publication of the pamphlet American Interests in Asia in which he cast Asia and most of the ethnic groups there—particularly the Chinese—in a positive light. It also describes Moreno's attempt to engage America in the economic development of China and his proposed transpacific submarine cable between America and Asia. Finally, it explains why Moreno was unable to realize his two objectives: the sale of his Pacific island or the construction of the transpacific cable.
Donald S. Lopez Jr.
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226517902
- eISBN:
- 9780226518060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226518060.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This chapter describes sea travel by Buddhist monks, such as Hyecho’s journey from China to India, stopping in Sumatra and its kingdom of Śrīvijaya along the way. Because of their close association ...
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This chapter describes sea travel by Buddhist monks, such as Hyecho’s journey from China to India, stopping in Sumatra and its kingdom of Śrīvijaya along the way. Because of their close association with the merchant class, Buddhist monks traveled widely, with many stories told about adventures at sea and miraculous rescues from shipwrecks and sea monsters. Several of those stories, from both India and China, are recounted here. The chapter includes two works of art, a statue of the Medicine Buddha (Bhaiṣajyaguru) and sculpted head of the Buddha from Java.Less
This chapter describes sea travel by Buddhist monks, such as Hyecho’s journey from China to India, stopping in Sumatra and its kingdom of Śrīvijaya along the way. Because of their close association with the merchant class, Buddhist monks traveled widely, with many stories told about adventures at sea and miraculous rescues from shipwrecks and sea monsters. Several of those stories, from both India and China, are recounted here. The chapter includes two works of art, a statue of the Medicine Buddha (Bhaiṣajyaguru) and sculpted head of the Buddha from Java.
Leonard Y. Andaya
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824831899
- eISBN:
- 9780824869403
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824831899.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter discusses how the Malayu were one of the earliest and most influential groups in the Straits of Melaka. As an ethnonym, “Malayu” initially referred to the communities living in southeast ...
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This chapter discusses how the Malayu were one of the earliest and most influential groups in the Straits of Melaka. As an ethnonym, “Malayu” initially referred to the communities living in southeast Sumatra and later came to include those settled along both coasts and in the central and northern interior areas of the island. However, most studies overlook an emerging culture in the northern portion of the Straits of Melaka that formed the antecedents of Malayu culture. The settlements in northern Sumatra and in the Isthmus of Kra and the Malay Peninsula were part of an extensive network of communities, named the “Sea of Malayu.” The chapter explores this exchange network, depicting how the long and profitable interaction within this common “sea” produced a shared cultural idiom that helped shape Malayu identity.Less
This chapter discusses how the Malayu were one of the earliest and most influential groups in the Straits of Melaka. As an ethnonym, “Malayu” initially referred to the communities living in southeast Sumatra and later came to include those settled along both coasts and in the central and northern interior areas of the island. However, most studies overlook an emerging culture in the northern portion of the Straits of Melaka that formed the antecedents of Malayu culture. The settlements in northern Sumatra and in the Isthmus of Kra and the Malay Peninsula were part of an extensive network of communities, named the “Sea of Malayu.” The chapter explores this exchange network, depicting how the long and profitable interaction within this common “sea” produced a shared cultural idiom that helped shape Malayu identity.
Margaret Kartomi
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036712
- eISBN:
- 9780252093821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036712.003.0014
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This concluding chapter highlights some of the connections between the traditional styles and genres of the performing arts across Sumatra, paying attention to the impact of indigenous religions and ...
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This concluding chapter highlights some of the connections between the traditional styles and genres of the performing arts across Sumatra, paying attention to the impact of indigenous religions and Islam as well as classification of the musical instruments and ensembles. It also considers how the musical arts are linked to myths and legends, and how myths and art forms are related to indigenous religious beliefs. Finally, it discusses Hindu myths and art forms; Muslim-associated myths and legends and art forms; Chinese myths and art forms; dances and music-dance relationships; connections between the performing arts in Sumatra's Malay subgroups and social classes; gender factors; signal items of Sumatran identity and local uniqueness; and major changes in the performing arts since around 1900. The chapter suggests that more research into the whole of greater Sumatra is needed in order to elucidate the extent to which an understanding of these connections can contribute to a concept of Sumatra's performing arts as a unified whole.Less
This concluding chapter highlights some of the connections between the traditional styles and genres of the performing arts across Sumatra, paying attention to the impact of indigenous religions and Islam as well as classification of the musical instruments and ensembles. It also considers how the musical arts are linked to myths and legends, and how myths and art forms are related to indigenous religious beliefs. Finally, it discusses Hindu myths and art forms; Muslim-associated myths and legends and art forms; Chinese myths and art forms; dances and music-dance relationships; connections between the performing arts in Sumatra's Malay subgroups and social classes; gender factors; signal items of Sumatran identity and local uniqueness; and major changes in the performing arts since around 1900. The chapter suggests that more research into the whole of greater Sumatra is needed in order to elucidate the extent to which an understanding of these connections can contribute to a concept of Sumatra's performing arts as a unified whole.
Margaret Kartomi
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036712
- eISBN:
- 9780252093821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036712.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This book examines the traditional musical arts of Sumatra, with particular emphasis on the ethnographic, cultural, and historical contexts of the performing arts that contain music as well as some ...
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This book examines the traditional musical arts of Sumatra, with particular emphasis on the ethnographic, cultural, and historical contexts of the performing arts that contain music as well as some of the changes in their style, content, and reception from 1971 when the author began her field travels. The musical arts, or performing arts containing music, include the vocal, instrumental, and body percussive music, the dance and other body movement, the art of self-defense, the bardic arts, and the musical theater performed at domestic ceremonies. The book considers the musico-lingual groups and subgroups of Sumatra—population groups and subgroups that are primarily distinguished from one another on the basis of the lingual attributes of their vocal-musical genres (including songs, ritual/religious chanting, song-dances, and intoned theatrical monologues or exchanges). This chapter provides an overview of some of the major themes that recur throughout the book—identity, rituals and ceremonies, religion, the impact of foreign contact on the performing arts, the musical instruments and pitch variability, the dances and music-dance relationships, social class, gender issues, and arts education.Less
This book examines the traditional musical arts of Sumatra, with particular emphasis on the ethnographic, cultural, and historical contexts of the performing arts that contain music as well as some of the changes in their style, content, and reception from 1971 when the author began her field travels. The musical arts, or performing arts containing music, include the vocal, instrumental, and body percussive music, the dance and other body movement, the art of self-defense, the bardic arts, and the musical theater performed at domestic ceremonies. The book considers the musico-lingual groups and subgroups of Sumatra—population groups and subgroups that are primarily distinguished from one another on the basis of the lingual attributes of their vocal-musical genres (including songs, ritual/religious chanting, song-dances, and intoned theatrical monologues or exchanges). This chapter provides an overview of some of the major themes that recur throughout the book—identity, rituals and ceremonies, religion, the impact of foreign contact on the performing arts, the musical instruments and pitch variability, the dances and music-dance relationships, social class, gender issues, and arts education.
Margaret Kartomi
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036712
- eISBN:
- 9780252093821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036712.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter examines the historical distribution of two musico-lingual groups living in South Sumatra: the Besemah in Tanjungsakti and Kayuagung, and the Ogan-Komering Ilir (OKI) people in Burai. ...
More
This chapter examines the historical distribution of two musico-lingual groups living in South Sumatra: the Besemah in Tanjungsakti and Kayuagung, and the Ogan-Komering Ilir (OKI) people in Burai. South Sumatra's network of rivers and tributaries—known as the Batang Hari Sembilan—has governed its peoples' travels, worldviews, adat, legends, and musical arts for well over 2,000 years. This chapter explores how South Sumatra's environment and associated cosmology, adat customs, and the history of religion and foreign contact have shaped its musico-lingual groups and music, dance, and theater more generally. It first considers the Besemah's bardic legends and their classical and social dances and ensemble music, vocal music, and solo instrumental music before turning to the Anak Dalem people. It also describes the Ogan-Komering Ilir (OKI) river basins, the dance called tari tanggai, Palembang, and musical arts with a Muslim theme or flavor in the uplands and lowlands.Less
This chapter examines the historical distribution of two musico-lingual groups living in South Sumatra: the Besemah in Tanjungsakti and Kayuagung, and the Ogan-Komering Ilir (OKI) people in Burai. South Sumatra's network of rivers and tributaries—known as the Batang Hari Sembilan—has governed its peoples' travels, worldviews, adat, legends, and musical arts for well over 2,000 years. This chapter explores how South Sumatra's environment and associated cosmology, adat customs, and the history of religion and foreign contact have shaped its musico-lingual groups and music, dance, and theater more generally. It first considers the Besemah's bardic legends and their classical and social dances and ensemble music, vocal music, and solo instrumental music before turning to the Anak Dalem people. It also describes the Ogan-Komering Ilir (OKI) river basins, the dance called tari tanggai, Palembang, and musical arts with a Muslim theme or flavor in the uplands and lowlands.
Margaret Kartomi
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036712
- eISBN:
- 9780252093821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036712.003.0008
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter examines South Sumatra's official musical symbol, “Gending Sriwijaya,” a single song-dance created in 1945 and was first performed with its accompanying dance “Tari Gending Sriwijaya” as ...
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This chapter examines South Sumatra's official musical symbol, “Gending Sriwijaya,” a single song-dance created in 1945 and was first performed with its accompanying dance “Tari Gending Sriwijaya” as an ironic joke at the expense of the Japanese invaders, but was actually intended to serve the cause of the Indonesian independence movement. The chapter begins with a discussion of the wartime politics behind the first performance of “Tari Gending Sriwijaya” on August 4, 1945. It then considers how “Gending Sriwijaya” evolved from a provincial symbol to an Indonesian regional song after the war of independence (1945–1949). It also describes the development of the “Gending Sriwijaya” dance into a new, more elaborate and theatrical version called “Tari Penguton,” as well as Ibu Erna Nun Tjik Aladin's life experience and ideas about South Sumatran dance in terms of their significance to her versions of “Tari Gending Sriwijaya” and “Tari Penguton.”Less
This chapter examines South Sumatra's official musical symbol, “Gending Sriwijaya,” a single song-dance created in 1945 and was first performed with its accompanying dance “Tari Gending Sriwijaya” as an ironic joke at the expense of the Japanese invaders, but was actually intended to serve the cause of the Indonesian independence movement. The chapter begins with a discussion of the wartime politics behind the first performance of “Tari Gending Sriwijaya” on August 4, 1945. It then considers how “Gending Sriwijaya” evolved from a provincial symbol to an Indonesian regional song after the war of independence (1945–1949). It also describes the development of the “Gending Sriwijaya” dance into a new, more elaborate and theatrical version called “Tari Penguton,” as well as Ibu Erna Nun Tjik Aladin's life experience and ideas about South Sumatran dance in terms of their significance to her versions of “Tari Gending Sriwijaya” and “Tari Penguton.”
Margaret Kartomi
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036712
- eISBN:
- 9780252093821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036712.003.0009
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter focuses on the performing arts of four main musico-lingual groups in Bangka, South Sumatra: the Malays, the Suku Lom forest-dwellers, the Suku Sekak sea-boat-dwellers, and the Chinese ...
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This chapter focuses on the performing arts of four main musico-lingual groups in Bangka, South Sumatra: the Malays, the Suku Lom forest-dwellers, the Suku Sekak sea-boat-dwellers, and the Chinese Indonesians. According to some performing artists and community elders, today's Malay people are descendants of former Bangka Malay chiefdoms, while the Suku Mapur or Suku Lom people are animists who prefer to live in relative isolation in the forests. The Suku Sekak people are also animists who prefer to live in boats at sea when the weather permits. The Bangka Malays, the Suku Lom, and the Suku Sekak speak varieties of Malay, while the Chinese Indonesians normally speak varieties of Hakka or Hokkien in addition to Malay. To understand how Bangka's four musico-lingual subgroups came into being as well as their musical arts, the chapter examines the history of foreign exploitation of their tin and cash crops by the sultans of Palembang (seventeenth–eighteenth centuries), Britain (1812–1816), Holland (ca. 1817–World War II), and Indonesia (1949 to present).Less
This chapter focuses on the performing arts of four main musico-lingual groups in Bangka, South Sumatra: the Malays, the Suku Lom forest-dwellers, the Suku Sekak sea-boat-dwellers, and the Chinese Indonesians. According to some performing artists and community elders, today's Malay people are descendants of former Bangka Malay chiefdoms, while the Suku Mapur or Suku Lom people are animists who prefer to live in relative isolation in the forests. The Suku Sekak people are also animists who prefer to live in boats at sea when the weather permits. The Bangka Malays, the Suku Lom, and the Suku Sekak speak varieties of Malay, while the Chinese Indonesians normally speak varieties of Hakka or Hokkien in addition to Malay. To understand how Bangka's four musico-lingual subgroups came into being as well as their musical arts, the chapter examines the history of foreign exploitation of their tin and cash crops by the sultans of Palembang (seventeenth–eighteenth centuries), Britain (1812–1816), Holland (ca. 1817–World War II), and Indonesia (1949 to present).
Gregory M. Simon
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824838300
- eISBN:
- 9780824868413
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824838300.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
The particular economic, religious, and political history of Minangkabau society in West Sumatra has fueled a moral tension between autonomy and social integration. Minangkabau society, and the city ...
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The particular economic, religious, and political history of Minangkabau society in West Sumatra has fueled a moral tension between autonomy and social integration. Minangkabau society, and the city of Bukittinggi, developed in the image of an Islamic trading society, forged during the social disruption and rapid expansion of trade that accompanied colonial intrusion. In this context, Islam was embraced as a unifying moral framework desperately needed in a fracturing society, but also as one that legitimized individual endeavor. With a social structure rooted in village and neighborhood kinship ties, and an economy emphasizing the competitive marketplace, the resulting moral tensions have carried into subsequent eras of Indonesian statehood, the New Order regime, and the period of reformasi. An overview of daily life in Bukttinggi also reveals these tensions as manifest in a conceptual division of the city—moral as much as geographic—into “the village” (kampuang) and “the marketplace” (pasa).Less
The particular economic, religious, and political history of Minangkabau society in West Sumatra has fueled a moral tension between autonomy and social integration. Minangkabau society, and the city of Bukittinggi, developed in the image of an Islamic trading society, forged during the social disruption and rapid expansion of trade that accompanied colonial intrusion. In this context, Islam was embraced as a unifying moral framework desperately needed in a fracturing society, but also as one that legitimized individual endeavor. With a social structure rooted in village and neighborhood kinship ties, and an economy emphasizing the competitive marketplace, the resulting moral tensions have carried into subsequent eras of Indonesian statehood, the New Order regime, and the period of reformasi. An overview of daily life in Bukttinggi also reveals these tensions as manifest in a conceptual division of the city—moral as much as geographic—into “the village” (kampuang) and “the marketplace” (pasa).
Su Fang Ng
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198777687
- eISBN:
- 9780191864803
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198777687.003.0012
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval, World History: BCE to 500CE
This Epilogue narrates an incident in which the Islamic Alexander became a rallying cry for the anti-kafir (infidel) movement in Sumatra. It considers how Ahmad Shah bin Iskandar, a claimant to ...
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This Epilogue narrates an incident in which the Islamic Alexander became a rallying cry for the anti-kafir (infidel) movement in Sumatra. It considers how Ahmad Shah bin Iskandar, a claimant to Sumatra’s Minangkabau throne in Palembang, professed the status of a saint to wage holy war against the Dutch, and turned to the legend of Alexander the Great to inspire his resistance. As a leader of the anti-kafir movement, Ahmad Shah garnered support from various chiefs in the region and sought to build an archipelagic alliance. An analysis of Ahmad Shah’s uses of the Alexander legend reveals how the Alexander Romance was turned to religiously motived politics in European encounters with Southeast Asia. Ahmad Shah’s exegesis of Iskandar Zulkarnain’s name emphasizes the latter’s dual role as king and prophet, and in laying claim to an Alexandrian descent of Palembang provenance, Ahmad Shah pretended to sacral kingship.Less
This Epilogue narrates an incident in which the Islamic Alexander became a rallying cry for the anti-kafir (infidel) movement in Sumatra. It considers how Ahmad Shah bin Iskandar, a claimant to Sumatra’s Minangkabau throne in Palembang, professed the status of a saint to wage holy war against the Dutch, and turned to the legend of Alexander the Great to inspire his resistance. As a leader of the anti-kafir movement, Ahmad Shah garnered support from various chiefs in the region and sought to build an archipelagic alliance. An analysis of Ahmad Shah’s uses of the Alexander legend reveals how the Alexander Romance was turned to religiously motived politics in European encounters with Southeast Asia. Ahmad Shah’s exegesis of Iskandar Zulkarnain’s name emphasizes the latter’s dual role as king and prophet, and in laying claim to an Alexandrian descent of Palembang provenance, Ahmad Shah pretended to sacral kingship.
Fred L. Borch
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198777168
- eISBN:
- 9780191822964
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198777168.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter looks at representative cases involving the mistreatment of prisoners of war and civilian internees by Japanese camp personnel, as well as noninterned civilians who were mistreated while ...
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This chapter looks at representative cases involving the mistreatment of prisoners of war and civilian internees by Japanese camp personnel, as well as noninterned civilians who were mistreated while being interrogated by the Japanese police authorities. The chapter also looks at a war crime that was never prosecuted involving the murder of 900 Indonesian civilian laborers, who died as a result of a faulty medical experiment. A key case examined in this chapter is the prosecution of Army Captain Sone, who was the first Japanese national to be tried, convicted, and sentenced to death for war crimes committed against prisoners and civilians.Less
This chapter looks at representative cases involving the mistreatment of prisoners of war and civilian internees by Japanese camp personnel, as well as noninterned civilians who were mistreated while being interrogated by the Japanese police authorities. The chapter also looks at a war crime that was never prosecuted involving the murder of 900 Indonesian civilian laborers, who died as a result of a faulty medical experiment. A key case examined in this chapter is the prosecution of Army Captain Sone, who was the first Japanese national to be tried, convicted, and sentenced to death for war crimes committed against prisoners and civilians.
Louise K. Comfort
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691165370
- eISBN:
- 9780691186023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691165370.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter outlines the findings and analysis for nonadaptive systems. Specifically, it looks at the three nonadaptive seismic response systems developed following the 2001 Bhuj, Gujarat, India, ...
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This chapter outlines the findings and analysis for nonadaptive systems. Specifically, it looks at the three nonadaptive seismic response systems developed following the 2001 Bhuj, Gujarat, India, earthquake; the 2004 Sumatra, Indonesia, earthquake; and the 2010 Haïti earthquake. In practice, each system adapted to the shattered context in which it was operating to some extent. Indeed, some adjustments were made, but none altered the operational environment substantially. In Gujarat, the shadow of hostility with neighboring Pakistan curbed the flow of information between jurisdictional levels to support rapid response and recovery. In Sumatra, the earthquake and tsunami led to the resolution of the long-standing civil conflict with the Free Aceh movement, a very positive outcome, but the organizational networks and communications channels among national, provincial, city, and district jurisdictions that had been ruptured for decades needed to be rebuilt. In Haïti, the existing government was overwhelmed by the enormous tasks confronting the small nation, which, in most cases, involved full-scale redesign and development. In each case, the international community gave generously in humanitarian assistance to meet the immediate needs of the affected populations, but the local capacity to carry out the longer-term tasks needed to be developed.Less
This chapter outlines the findings and analysis for nonadaptive systems. Specifically, it looks at the three nonadaptive seismic response systems developed following the 2001 Bhuj, Gujarat, India, earthquake; the 2004 Sumatra, Indonesia, earthquake; and the 2010 Haïti earthquake. In practice, each system adapted to the shattered context in which it was operating to some extent. Indeed, some adjustments were made, but none altered the operational environment substantially. In Gujarat, the shadow of hostility with neighboring Pakistan curbed the flow of information between jurisdictional levels to support rapid response and recovery. In Sumatra, the earthquake and tsunami led to the resolution of the long-standing civil conflict with the Free Aceh movement, a very positive outcome, but the organizational networks and communications channels among national, provincial, city, and district jurisdictions that had been ruptured for decades needed to be rebuilt. In Haïti, the existing government was overwhelmed by the enormous tasks confronting the small nation, which, in most cases, involved full-scale redesign and development. In each case, the international community gave generously in humanitarian assistance to meet the immediate needs of the affected populations, but the local capacity to carry out the longer-term tasks needed to be developed.
