Robert R. Bowie
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202417
- eISBN:
- 9780191675348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202417.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Middle East History
This chapter sets the record straight not merely about the reasons for the American response to the crisis but also about the relationship between the President, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and his ...
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This chapter sets the record straight not merely about the reasons for the American response to the crisis but also about the relationship between the President, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and his Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles. It views that Eisenhower was a strong President served by a strong Secretary of State. Nevertheless, Dulles in every sense was the executor of policy set by Eisenhower. Eisenhower himself took command during the Suez crisis, but Dulles's racy language and strong statements in press conferences gave the impression, especially to the British, that he rather than the President often took the lead. This chapter contains a detailed analysis of the Aswan Dam negotiations and Dulles's attempt to create an international authority to take the place of the Suez Canal Company.Less
This chapter sets the record straight not merely about the reasons for the American response to the crisis but also about the relationship between the President, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and his Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles. It views that Eisenhower was a strong President served by a strong Secretary of State. Nevertheless, Dulles in every sense was the executor of policy set by Eisenhower. Eisenhower himself took command during the Suez crisis, but Dulles's racy language and strong statements in press conferences gave the impression, especially to the British, that he rather than the President often took the lead. This chapter contains a detailed analysis of the Aswan Dam negotiations and Dulles's attempt to create an international authority to take the place of the Suez Canal Company.
Amin Hewedy
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202417
- eISBN:
- 9780191675348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202417.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Middle East History
The chapter is testimony to Nasser's response during the Suez crisis. Above all this chapter establishes, from an Egyptian vantage-point, the proximate cause of the Suez crisis and Nasser's stature ...
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The chapter is testimony to Nasser's response during the Suez crisis. Above all this chapter establishes, from an Egyptian vantage-point, the proximate cause of the Suez crisis and Nasser's stature as a national leader during the emergency. The Suez crisis was triggered by the Czech arms deal, which upset the regional balance of power. Nasser's announcement of the deal on 27 September 1955 caused ‘a thundering international and regional explosion’. From this point onwards Nasser braced himself for the Western response. After the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company it is remarkable that his calculation was similar to the American speculation (notably by John Foster Dulles).Less
The chapter is testimony to Nasser's response during the Suez crisis. Above all this chapter establishes, from an Egyptian vantage-point, the proximate cause of the Suez crisis and Nasser's stature as a national leader during the emergency. The Suez crisis was triggered by the Czech arms deal, which upset the regional balance of power. Nasser's announcement of the deal on 27 September 1955 caused ‘a thundering international and regional explosion’. From this point onwards Nasser braced himself for the Western response. After the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company it is remarkable that his calculation was similar to the American speculation (notably by John Foster Dulles).
Elleke Boehmer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198744184
- eISBN:
- 9780191804076
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198744184.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Chapter 1 focuses on the ways in which travel writing allowed Indian travellers to respond to and evaluate the new and changing human situations that they encountered both en route to Britain and in ...
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Chapter 1 focuses on the ways in which travel writing allowed Indian travellers to respond to and evaluate the new and changing human situations that they encountered both en route to Britain and in the metropolis. The chapter collates Indian accounts of ‘voyages in’ from various Indian ports through the Suez Canal to London in order to explore the symbolism of Indian crossings-over, their passages to England. A book on journeys and arrivals therefore opens, appropriately, with that primary phase of passing into the west. Travelogues, memoirs, diaries, and related documents from S. A. Ali, Lala Baijnath, R. C. Dutt, Toru Dutt, and the Raja of Kolhapur, among others, set against those from western travellers like Edwin Arnold and Leonard Woolf, cast the metropolis as both distant and near, and the homeland as defined from a vantage point abroad, through the process of ‘travelling in the west’.Less
Chapter 1 focuses on the ways in which travel writing allowed Indian travellers to respond to and evaluate the new and changing human situations that they encountered both en route to Britain and in the metropolis. The chapter collates Indian accounts of ‘voyages in’ from various Indian ports through the Suez Canal to London in order to explore the symbolism of Indian crossings-over, their passages to England. A book on journeys and arrivals therefore opens, appropriately, with that primary phase of passing into the west. Travelogues, memoirs, diaries, and related documents from S. A. Ali, Lala Baijnath, R. C. Dutt, Toru Dutt, and the Raja of Kolhapur, among others, set against those from western travellers like Edwin Arnold and Leonard Woolf, cast the metropolis as both distant and near, and the homeland as defined from a vantage point abroad, through the process of ‘travelling in the west’.
Sarvepalli Gopal
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202417
- eISBN:
- 9780191675348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202417.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Middle East History
This chapter relates that Jawaharlal Nehru of India met Nasser in Yugoslavia shortly before the latter's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company. Nehru did not have a high regard for Nasser's ...
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This chapter relates that Jawaharlal Nehru of India met Nasser in Yugoslavia shortly before the latter's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company. Nehru did not have a high regard for Nasser's intellect. He did not deny Egypt's right to nationalize; but he regretted Nasser's method as ‘intemperate and even warmongering’. Conversely, Nehru respected Eden's achievement at the Geneva conference on Indo-China and generally regarded him as a judicious statesman. During the part of the Suez crisis up to the invasion, Nehru worked with the British to reduce tension and to find a peaceful solution, though to Eden it may have appeared as untoward interference.Less
This chapter relates that Jawaharlal Nehru of India met Nasser in Yugoslavia shortly before the latter's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company. Nehru did not have a high regard for Nasser's intellect. He did not deny Egypt's right to nationalize; but he regretted Nasser's method as ‘intemperate and even warmongering’. Conversely, Nehru respected Eden's achievement at the Geneva conference on Indo-China and generally regarded him as a judicious statesman. During the part of the Suez crisis up to the invasion, Nehru worked with the British to reduce tension and to find a peaceful solution, though to Eden it may have appeared as untoward interference.
James K. Hoffmeier
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195130881
- eISBN:
- 9780199853403
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195130881.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
In the early 1970s, a team of scientists of the Geological Survey of Israel, while working in the Sinai Peninsula during Israel's occupation of the territory east of the Suez Canal, discovered the ...
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In the early 1970s, a team of scientists of the Geological Survey of Israel, while working in the Sinai Peninsula during Israel's occupation of the territory east of the Suez Canal, discovered the remains of what they believed was a canal that ran along Egypt's border with the Sinai. Aerial photography and on-site study led to this identification by the leaders of the team, Amihai Sneh and Tuvia Weissbrod. The close relationship between the Fortress of Tjaru and the canal supports the hypothesis that the canal had a defensive purpose as an extensive moat. If indeed a canal existed along Egypt's border with Sinai during the New Kingdom, and the evidence does support this view, it seems logical to conclude that it would have been an impediment to the Israelites in their Exodus from Egypt. A number of intriguing questions remain to be answered about the Eastern Frontier Canal.Less
In the early 1970s, a team of scientists of the Geological Survey of Israel, while working in the Sinai Peninsula during Israel's occupation of the territory east of the Suez Canal, discovered the remains of what they believed was a canal that ran along Egypt's border with the Sinai. Aerial photography and on-site study led to this identification by the leaders of the team, Amihai Sneh and Tuvia Weissbrod. The close relationship between the Fortress of Tjaru and the canal supports the hypothesis that the canal had a defensive purpose as an extensive moat. If indeed a canal existed along Egypt's border with Sinai during the New Kingdom, and the evidence does support this view, it seems logical to conclude that it would have been an impediment to the Israelites in their Exodus from Egypt. A number of intriguing questions remain to be answered about the Eastern Frontier Canal.
Kenneth O Morgan
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198227649
- eISBN:
- 9780191678769
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198227649.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Winston Churchill and the Conservative Party assumed the helm of the nation in 1951 and faced a huge balance-of-payments deficit and Churchill's murky reputation. Their strategy involved greater ...
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Winston Churchill and the Conservative Party assumed the helm of the nation in 1951 and faced a huge balance-of-payments deficit and Churchill's murky reputation. Their strategy involved greater liberalization, lower taxation, and the loosening of state control. This policy of ‘studied moderation’ espoused the essence of post-war consensus and social conscience and was manifested in increased welfare spending, improvements in housing, and in the compromise over which industries to denationalize. Although unemployment was low and the balance-of-payments stable, critics of the administration highlight the continued high spending on defence, the nuclear and hydrogen bomb programme, and the costly military operations in the commonwealth regions which included Britain's humiliating retreat from the Suez Canal dispute with Eqypt. Britain's foreign policy shifted towards diplomacy and restraint. Political criticisms and social divisions were reflected in the art and literature of the era through John Osborne's plays and C.P. Snow's novels.Less
Winston Churchill and the Conservative Party assumed the helm of the nation in 1951 and faced a huge balance-of-payments deficit and Churchill's murky reputation. Their strategy involved greater liberalization, lower taxation, and the loosening of state control. This policy of ‘studied moderation’ espoused the essence of post-war consensus and social conscience and was manifested in increased welfare spending, improvements in housing, and in the compromise over which industries to denationalize. Although unemployment was low and the balance-of-payments stable, critics of the administration highlight the continued high spending on defence, the nuclear and hydrogen bomb programme, and the costly military operations in the commonwealth regions which included Britain's humiliating retreat from the Suez Canal dispute with Eqypt. Britain's foreign policy shifted towards diplomacy and restraint. Political criticisms and social divisions were reflected in the art and literature of the era through John Osborne's plays and C.P. Snow's novels.
Emanuel Sakal
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780813150802
- eISBN:
- 9780813153315
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813150802.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Military History
While in London, the head of Mossad was told on the evening of October 5 that war would erupt the next day at 18:00, but the field units in Sinai and the Golan Heights were not informed. Confusion ...
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While in London, the head of Mossad was told on the evening of October 5 that war would erupt the next day at 18:00, but the field units in Sinai and the Golan Heights were not informed. Confusion reigned between Elazar and Gonen over the crucial issue of Dovecote deployment for the 252nd Armored Division's regulars. Did it mean two brigades on the canal or one? This chapter details the disastrous results of Gonen's refusal to deploy the division according to Dovecote; the shoddy staff work in GHQ and Southern Command; the failure to evacuate the strongholds and the losses incurred trying to extricate the men there; the use of tanks according to the War of Attrition model; failure of the October 8 counterattack because of Gonen's obsession with crossing the canal; and the chief of staff's misunderstanding of ground events, irresponsible approval of requests, and errors in the conduct of operations.Less
While in London, the head of Mossad was told on the evening of October 5 that war would erupt the next day at 18:00, but the field units in Sinai and the Golan Heights were not informed. Confusion reigned between Elazar and Gonen over the crucial issue of Dovecote deployment for the 252nd Armored Division's regulars. Did it mean two brigades on the canal or one? This chapter details the disastrous results of Gonen's refusal to deploy the division according to Dovecote; the shoddy staff work in GHQ and Southern Command; the failure to evacuate the strongholds and the losses incurred trying to extricate the men there; the use of tanks according to the War of Attrition model; failure of the October 8 counterattack because of Gonen's obsession with crossing the canal; and the chief of staff's misunderstanding of ground events, irresponsible approval of requests, and errors in the conduct of operations.
Geoffrey F. Gresh
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780804794206
- eISBN:
- 9780804795067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804794206.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter explores the origins of the U.S. military’s complex relationship with the Gulf Arab monarchies, especially with the Saud royal family, following the Second World War. A more permanent ...
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This chapter explores the origins of the U.S. military’s complex relationship with the Gulf Arab monarchies, especially with the Saud royal family, following the Second World War. A more permanent U.S. military basing presence was never an inevitable conclusion and depended upon a combination of shifting national security dynamics and U.S. military and economic aid packages. This chapter examines the key domestic opposition groups influenced by pan-Arab nationalism that threatened the monarchy versus external security factors, including threats emanating from the Hashemite Kingdom and a rising Soviet Union. Though pan-Arab nationalism played a certain role in stimulating domestic instability in Saudi Arabia, three separate regional factors played a more influential role in determining the Saud monarchy’s decision to permit the continued U.S. military basing presence: Hashemite threats to invade the kingdom, the ongoing Buraimi Oasis crisis between Great Britain and the Trucial Shaykhdoms, and the Suez Canal crisis.Less
This chapter explores the origins of the U.S. military’s complex relationship with the Gulf Arab monarchies, especially with the Saud royal family, following the Second World War. A more permanent U.S. military basing presence was never an inevitable conclusion and depended upon a combination of shifting national security dynamics and U.S. military and economic aid packages. This chapter examines the key domestic opposition groups influenced by pan-Arab nationalism that threatened the monarchy versus external security factors, including threats emanating from the Hashemite Kingdom and a rising Soviet Union. Though pan-Arab nationalism played a certain role in stimulating domestic instability in Saudi Arabia, three separate regional factors played a more influential role in determining the Saud monarchy’s decision to permit the continued U.S. military basing presence: Hashemite threats to invade the kingdom, the ongoing Buraimi Oasis crisis between Great Britain and the Trucial Shaykhdoms, and the Suez Canal crisis.
J. D. B. Miller
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202417
- eISBN:
- 9780191675348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202417.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Middle East History
This chapter explains how anti-United Nations sentiment coloured Australian views at the time, in part because of the backlash against the unstable and legalistic leader of the opposition, H. V. ...
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This chapter explains how anti-United Nations sentiment coloured Australian views at the time, in part because of the backlash against the unstable and legalistic leader of the opposition, H. V. Evatt, who had been President of the UN General Assembly. The Prime Minister, R. G. Menzies, did not believe that Nasser's action was legally valid. It was Menzies who was entrusted with a mission by John Foster Dulles and Anthony Eden to travel to Egypt in early September 1956 to secure Nasser's acceptance of the proposal for an international agency to manage the Canal. He found Nasser to be a man of ‘immature intelligence’. Menzies himself afterwards publicly denounced the Egyptian tactics of ‘smash and grab’.Less
This chapter explains how anti-United Nations sentiment coloured Australian views at the time, in part because of the backlash against the unstable and legalistic leader of the opposition, H. V. Evatt, who had been President of the UN General Assembly. The Prime Minister, R. G. Menzies, did not believe that Nasser's action was legally valid. It was Menzies who was entrusted with a mission by John Foster Dulles and Anthony Eden to travel to Egypt in early September 1956 to secure Nasser's acceptance of the proposal for an international agency to manage the Canal. He found Nasser to be a man of ‘immature intelligence’. Menzies himself afterwards publicly denounced the Egyptian tactics of ‘smash and grab’.
Jeremy Salt
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520255517
- eISBN:
- 9780520934757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520255517.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter examines the history of the Tripartite Aggression. It suggests that this conflict was triggered by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser's decision to nationalize the Suez Canal. The ...
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This chapter examines the history of the Tripartite Aggression. It suggests that this conflict was triggered by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser's decision to nationalize the Suez Canal. The chapter discusses the violation of the 1949 armistice lines between Israel and the Arab states, and Israel's attacks across the armistice lines that included the assault on the Buraij refugee camp in Gaza in August 1953. It also provides an estimate of the human cost of this conflict.Less
This chapter examines the history of the Tripartite Aggression. It suggests that this conflict was triggered by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser's decision to nationalize the Suez Canal. The chapter discusses the violation of the 1949 armistice lines between Israel and the Arab states, and Israel's attacks across the armistice lines that included the assault on the Buraij refugee camp in Gaza in August 1953. It also provides an estimate of the human cost of this conflict.
Mériam N. Belli
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044040
- eISBN:
- 9780813046235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044040.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter is a history of Port Said told through the popular street festival known as the Limby Burning. It studies the imaginary roots of the Limby festival and what this historical imaginary ...
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This chapter is a history of Port Said told through the popular street festival known as the Limby Burning. It studies the imaginary roots of the Limby festival and what this historical imaginary conveys about lived experiences along the Suez Canal. It discusses Egyptian memories of General Allenby, the evolution of the effigy burning, vernacular politics, war and resistance, and the distinctiveness of local historical experiences on the Canal. It shows the distinctiveness of local historical utterances shaped by a long series of military and social conflicts.Less
This chapter is a history of Port Said told through the popular street festival known as the Limby Burning. It studies the imaginary roots of the Limby festival and what this historical imaginary conveys about lived experiences along the Suez Canal. It discusses Egyptian memories of General Allenby, the evolution of the effigy burning, vernacular politics, war and resistance, and the distinctiveness of local historical experiences on the Canal. It shows the distinctiveness of local historical utterances shaped by a long series of military and social conflicts.
Maurice Vaisse
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202417
- eISBN:
- 9780191675348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202417.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Middle East History
This chapter's comments on France after Suez bears many similarities to the analysis of Britain. After 1956 it was as difficult for France as it was for Britain to sustain a claim to be a ‘world ...
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This chapter's comments on France after Suez bears many similarities to the analysis of Britain. After 1956 it was as difficult for France as it was for Britain to sustain a claim to be a ‘world power’. In some ways the French responded more successfully than the British. In March 1957, the Treaty of Rome established the basis for a Franco-German axis. Mollet, in contrast to Eden, remained in power. French public sentiment did not disapprove of intervention at Suez, but, the sense of humiliation and resentful nationalism led France ever deeper into the Algerian war.Less
This chapter's comments on France after Suez bears many similarities to the analysis of Britain. After 1956 it was as difficult for France as it was for Britain to sustain a claim to be a ‘world power’. In some ways the French responded more successfully than the British. In March 1957, the Treaty of Rome established the basis for a Franco-German axis. Mollet, in contrast to Eden, remained in power. French public sentiment did not disapprove of intervention at Suez, but, the sense of humiliation and resentful nationalism led France ever deeper into the Algerian war.
Robert Holland
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205388
- eISBN:
- 9780191676604
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205388.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines the impact of British relations with Greece on the revolt in Cyprus. It describes the British reaction to the Egyptian government's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company and ...
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This chapter examines the impact of British relations with Greece on the revolt in Cyprus. It describes the British reaction to the Egyptian government's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company and explains the link between the Suez crisis and Cyprus. This chapter suggests that the Anglo–Greek rivalry had superimposed upon it a polarization between Greeks and Turks with far greater potential for bringing Cyprus to the edge of chaos.Less
This chapter examines the impact of British relations with Greece on the revolt in Cyprus. It describes the British reaction to the Egyptian government's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company and explains the link between the Suez crisis and Cyprus. This chapter suggests that the Anglo–Greek rivalry had superimposed upon it a polarization between Greeks and Turks with far greater potential for bringing Cyprus to the edge of chaos.
Krista Maglen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719089657
- eISBN:
- 9781781706947
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719089657.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Co-operation and information sharing among maritime states, based on common concepts of disease transmission, was necessary to support the theoretical and practical foundations of the ‘English ...
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Co-operation and information sharing among maritime states, based on common concepts of disease transmission, was necessary to support the theoretical and practical foundations of the ‘English System.’ This chapter provides a fresh approach to analyses of the International Sanitary Conferences and to theories of contagion in the late nineteenth century. It focuses on the particular British approach to both in relation to the much maligned practice of quarantine and the promotion of the new ‘System,’ exploring how the British and Colonial Indian delegates at the conferences sought to extend the sanitary zone through important ‘arms of the sea’ such as the Suez Canal. In doing so, this chapter examines the interconnectedness of British ports with foreign and international priorities, exploring them as part of an entangled space of negotiation with the ‘outside’ world, rather than places marking simply the perimeter of the ‘inside’ and ‘domestic’ realm.Less
Co-operation and information sharing among maritime states, based on common concepts of disease transmission, was necessary to support the theoretical and practical foundations of the ‘English System.’ This chapter provides a fresh approach to analyses of the International Sanitary Conferences and to theories of contagion in the late nineteenth century. It focuses on the particular British approach to both in relation to the much maligned practice of quarantine and the promotion of the new ‘System,’ exploring how the British and Colonial Indian delegates at the conferences sought to extend the sanitary zone through important ‘arms of the sea’ such as the Suez Canal. In doing so, this chapter examines the interconnectedness of British ports with foreign and international priorities, exploring them as part of an entangled space of negotiation with the ‘outside’ world, rather than places marking simply the perimeter of the ‘inside’ and ‘domestic’ realm.
Fanny Colonna
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774162893
- eISBN:
- 9781617970269
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774162893.003.0017
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter explores a new trend in the Arab world—provincial intellectuals abandoning the capital city to return to their rural origins. The focal point for this exploration is an in-depth profile ...
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This chapter explores a new trend in the Arab world—provincial intellectuals abandoning the capital city to return to their rural origins. The focal point for this exploration is an in-depth profile of an important Egyptian television pioneer, set in the context of Egypt's controversial, strategic frontier region of the Suez Canal Zone. The Suez Canal Zone seemed a particularly important region to examine because of its contested, changing, strategic value, and because of the “modern” (post-nineteenth-century) history of its cities. The Canal Zone seems even to Egyptians to be promiscuously connected to alien lands and contexts. Culturally and socially the Canal Zone nurtures a cosmopolitan and multilingual atmosphere influenced by the legacies of the Canal as a multinational corporation and world crossroads of commerce. This history gives the area a particular rapport with Europe, the Arabian Peninsula, India, and the rest of the world.Less
This chapter explores a new trend in the Arab world—provincial intellectuals abandoning the capital city to return to their rural origins. The focal point for this exploration is an in-depth profile of an important Egyptian television pioneer, set in the context of Egypt's controversial, strategic frontier region of the Suez Canal Zone. The Suez Canal Zone seemed a particularly important region to examine because of its contested, changing, strategic value, and because of the “modern” (post-nineteenth-century) history of its cities. The Canal Zone seems even to Egyptians to be promiscuously connected to alien lands and contexts. Culturally and socially the Canal Zone nurtures a cosmopolitan and multilingual atmosphere influenced by the legacies of the Canal as a multinational corporation and world crossroads of commerce. This history gives the area a particular rapport with Europe, the Arabian Peninsula, India, and the rest of the world.
Emanuel Sakal
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780813150802
- eISBN:
- 9780813153315
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813150802.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Military History
When fighting erupted on the Suez Canal in July 1967, hostilities intensified, and Israeli casualties mounted. General Headquarters (GHQ) sought the best way to defend the canal according to the ...
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When fighting erupted on the Suez Canal in July 1967, hostilities intensified, and Israeli casualties mounted. General Headquarters (GHQ) sought the best way to defend the canal according to the government's unwritten directive: not one inch for the enemy! It decided to build the Bar-Lev Line in the winter of 1969: thirtytwo strongholds supported by tanks and artillery. Discussions were also held on the Egyptians’ moves once they overcame the trauma of their 1967 defeat. The military answer to this was: “the regulars will hold!” The Dovecote deployment plan envisioned that the regulars on the canal would block an allout assault until two reinforcing divisions arrived. Sinai, however, was left without a defense plan. As Egyptian artillery fire intensified, Israel commenced depth bombing and, Egypt established a dense air defense layout that severely hampered IAF activity. During the cease-fire, the number of strongholds and the quality of the soldiers on the line declined.Less
When fighting erupted on the Suez Canal in July 1967, hostilities intensified, and Israeli casualties mounted. General Headquarters (GHQ) sought the best way to defend the canal according to the government's unwritten directive: not one inch for the enemy! It decided to build the Bar-Lev Line in the winter of 1969: thirtytwo strongholds supported by tanks and artillery. Discussions were also held on the Egyptians’ moves once they overcame the trauma of their 1967 defeat. The military answer to this was: “the regulars will hold!” The Dovecote deployment plan envisioned that the regulars on the canal would block an allout assault until two reinforcing divisions arrived. Sinai, however, was left without a defense plan. As Egyptian artillery fire intensified, Israel commenced depth bombing and, Egypt established a dense air defense layout that severely hampered IAF activity. During the cease-fire, the number of strongholds and the quality of the soldiers on the line declined.
Kenneth O Morgan
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198227649
- eISBN:
- 9780191678769
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198227649.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The Suez Canal incident brought painful realizations of diminished power in the international arena along with currency restrictions, social spending cuts, and petrol rationing due to related oil ...
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The Suez Canal incident brought painful realizations of diminished power in the international arena along with currency restrictions, social spending cuts, and petrol rationing due to related oil supply issues. Britain implemented cuts in its military budget and activity and abandoned the nuclear defence programme, which further highlighted the spectre of dependency with the United States. However, there were successes on the domestic front brought about by conservative financial management and led to moderate economic growth, the resolution of another sterling crisis, low unemployment, and the stabilization of the balance-of-payments deficit led to an almost total Conservative party victory in the 1959 elections. Challenges to Tory rule were presented by the Labour Party as well as the growing nuclear disarmament group. The rise in living standards and affluence also masked problems of social inequality for marginalized citizens, housing inadequacies, and the monopolies of real estate developers.Less
The Suez Canal incident brought painful realizations of diminished power in the international arena along with currency restrictions, social spending cuts, and petrol rationing due to related oil supply issues. Britain implemented cuts in its military budget and activity and abandoned the nuclear defence programme, which further highlighted the spectre of dependency with the United States. However, there were successes on the domestic front brought about by conservative financial management and led to moderate economic growth, the resolution of another sterling crisis, low unemployment, and the stabilization of the balance-of-payments deficit led to an almost total Conservative party victory in the 1959 elections. Challenges to Tory rule were presented by the Labour Party as well as the growing nuclear disarmament group. The rise in living standards and affluence also masked problems of social inequality for marginalized citizens, housing inadequacies, and the monopolies of real estate developers.
Saurabh Mishra
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198070603
- eISBN:
- 9780199080007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198070603.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter sketches an overall picture of the pilgrimage from the Indian subcontinent and outlines the broad trends and changes that occurred within the period under study. It compares the colonial ...
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This chapter sketches an overall picture of the pilgrimage from the Indian subcontinent and outlines the broad trends and changes that occurred within the period under study. It compares the colonial government's stand on internal Hindu pilgrimages and the Haj. It shows how the pilgrimage underwent a massive transformation due to technological breakthroughs such as the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, which represented a huge watershed in the world of marine navigation. The canal not only ‘joined the East and the West’ but also allowed European shipping companies to operate in Asian territories, as a result of which the Haj traffic became a potential source of commercial profit for these companies. The opening of the Suez Canal also marked the point where the perceived great medical threat presented by the pilgrims to European nations emerged, due to which quarantines had to be imposed.Less
This chapter sketches an overall picture of the pilgrimage from the Indian subcontinent and outlines the broad trends and changes that occurred within the period under study. It compares the colonial government's stand on internal Hindu pilgrimages and the Haj. It shows how the pilgrimage underwent a massive transformation due to technological breakthroughs such as the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, which represented a huge watershed in the world of marine navigation. The canal not only ‘joined the East and the West’ but also allowed European shipping companies to operate in Asian territories, as a result of which the Haj traffic became a potential source of commercial profit for these companies. The opening of the Suez Canal also marked the point where the perceived great medical threat presented by the pilgrims to European nations emerged, due to which quarantines had to be imposed.
J. C. Hurewitz
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202417
- eISBN:
- 9780191675348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202417.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Middle East History
The British occupation of Egypt in 1882 embittered relations with France and stimulated the development of the nationalist movement that reached its zenith some seventy years later with Gamal Abdel ...
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The British occupation of Egypt in 1882 embittered relations with France and stimulated the development of the nationalist movement that reached its zenith some seventy years later with Gamal Abdel Nasser. Six years after the invasion the maritime powers of Europe in 1888 signed a convention securing the conditions for free transit through the Suez Canal in peace and war. Seventeen years elapsed before the convention of 1888 was ratified: only in 1904 did Britain and France resolve their Egyptian difficulties by concluding the Entente Cordiale.Less
The British occupation of Egypt in 1882 embittered relations with France and stimulated the development of the nationalist movement that reached its zenith some seventy years later with Gamal Abdel Nasser. Six years after the invasion the maritime powers of Europe in 1888 signed a convention securing the conditions for free transit through the Suez Canal in peace and war. Seventeen years elapsed before the convention of 1888 was ratified: only in 1904 did Britain and France resolve their Egyptian difficulties by concluding the Entente Cordiale.
Steven A. Cook
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- February 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199795260
- eISBN:
- 9780190252564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199795260.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
This chapter details how the Free Officers commanded Egypt's political arena through a combination of bribery, coercion, and normative appeals to support the revolution based on its ostensible ...
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This chapter details how the Free Officers commanded Egypt's political arena through a combination of bribery, coercion, and normative appeals to support the revolution based on its ostensible successes. Three decisive events contributed to both the process of constructing a political system and, importantly, a political environment conducive to the Officers' project. These are Mahmoud Abdel Latif's failed assassination of Nasser; the sense among Egyptians that the Officers were fulfilling their promises to address social injustices, promote economic development, and build Egypt into a regional power; and Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal on July 26, 1956. The chapter also discusses Egypt's crushing defeat at the hands of Israel in June 1967 and the student uprising that it sparked.Less
This chapter details how the Free Officers commanded Egypt's political arena through a combination of bribery, coercion, and normative appeals to support the revolution based on its ostensible successes. Three decisive events contributed to both the process of constructing a political system and, importantly, a political environment conducive to the Officers' project. These are Mahmoud Abdel Latif's failed assassination of Nasser; the sense among Egyptians that the Officers were fulfilling their promises to address social injustices, promote economic development, and build Egypt into a regional power; and Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal on July 26, 1956. The chapter also discusses Egypt's crushing defeat at the hands of Israel in June 1967 and the student uprising that it sparked.
