Californians United for a Responsible Budget
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520252493
- eISBN:
- 9780520944565
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520252493.003.0065
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
In April 2007, Californians United for a Responsible Budget (CURB) published a report entitled Reducing the Number of People in California's Women's Prisons: How “Gender Responsive Prisons” Harm ...
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In April 2007, Californians United for a Responsible Budget (CURB) published a report entitled Reducing the Number of People in California's Women's Prisons: How “Gender Responsive Prisons” Harm Women, Children, and Families. The report was in response to the controversial policy that would expand the capacity of California's women's prison system—already the largest prison system for women in the world—by up to 40 percent in two years. The California prison expansion plan was first publicly proposed by the Gender Responsive Strategies Commission, established in February 2005 as an advisory committee to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR). In response to overwhelming evidence of unaddressed violence, medical neglect, and abuse, the CDCR, federal courts, and watchdogs are working to centralize control of California's prison system to increase oversight, address the myriad scandals within it, and ensure that people are treated equally no matter where they are imprisoned. However, real prison reform involves reducing the number of people in women's prisons by discharging the 4,500 people CDCR identified as no longer needing to be in prison.Less
In April 2007, Californians United for a Responsible Budget (CURB) published a report entitled Reducing the Number of People in California's Women's Prisons: How “Gender Responsive Prisons” Harm Women, Children, and Families. The report was in response to the controversial policy that would expand the capacity of California's women's prison system—already the largest prison system for women in the world—by up to 40 percent in two years. The California prison expansion plan was first publicly proposed by the Gender Responsive Strategies Commission, established in February 2005 as an advisory committee to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR). In response to overwhelming evidence of unaddressed violence, medical neglect, and abuse, the CDCR, federal courts, and watchdogs are working to centralize control of California's prison system to increase oversight, address the myriad scandals within it, and ensure that people are treated equally no matter where they are imprisoned. However, real prison reform involves reducing the number of people in women's prisons by discharging the 4,500 people CDCR identified as no longer needing to be in prison.
Jan Bryant
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474456944
- eISBN:
- 9781474476867
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474456944.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
What strategies are visual artists and filmmakers using to criticise the social and economic conditions shaping our particular historical moment? This question is answered by considering the methods ...
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What strategies are visual artists and filmmakers using to criticise the social and economic conditions shaping our particular historical moment? This question is answered by considering the methods and political implications of artists or filmmakers working in a contemporary western art context today. Leading into extended analyses of works by Frances Barrett, Claire Denis, Angela Brennan, and Alex Monteith, the book considers two forces that have informed contemporary artmaking: the economic conditions that began changing social realities from the 1970s forward; and the current tendency of the political aesthetic to move away from direct political content or didacticism to a concern for the sensate effects of materials. This is framed by Jacques Rancière’s ‘distribution of the sensible’ and Walter Benjamin’s historical materialism. As historical ground for understanding the contemporary condition, Artmaking in the Age of Global Economics pays particular attention to the divisions that opened up between progressive writers, theorists and artists in the late 20th century. Suggesting an alternative approach to understanding art’s historical antecedents, it avoids received art-historical narratives or canonical figures, refuting both the autonomy of art as well as the separation of artist from the work they produce. It locates, instead, contemporary art in a worldly context of responsibility that opens up to an ethics of practice. [211]Less
What strategies are visual artists and filmmakers using to criticise the social and economic conditions shaping our particular historical moment? This question is answered by considering the methods and political implications of artists or filmmakers working in a contemporary western art context today. Leading into extended analyses of works by Frances Barrett, Claire Denis, Angela Brennan, and Alex Monteith, the book considers two forces that have informed contemporary artmaking: the economic conditions that began changing social realities from the 1970s forward; and the current tendency of the political aesthetic to move away from direct political content or didacticism to a concern for the sensate effects of materials. This is framed by Jacques Rancière’s ‘distribution of the sensible’ and Walter Benjamin’s historical materialism. As historical ground for understanding the contemporary condition, Artmaking in the Age of Global Economics pays particular attention to the divisions that opened up between progressive writers, theorists and artists in the late 20th century. Suggesting an alternative approach to understanding art’s historical antecedents, it avoids received art-historical narratives or canonical figures, refuting both the autonomy of art as well as the separation of artist from the work they produce. It locates, instead, contemporary art in a worldly context of responsibility that opens up to an ethics of practice. [211]
Karen Sugrue
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781496828934
- eISBN:
- 9781496828989
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496828934.003.0009
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
In both the worlds of sociology and psychotherapy, a crisis of masculinity can be seen in a number of very concerning trends in violence, mental health, education, media, and in wider social domains. ...
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In both the worlds of sociology and psychotherapy, a crisis of masculinity can be seen in a number of very concerning trends in violence, mental health, education, media, and in wider social domains. Having explored the traditional representations of ‘superhero’ masculinity through the discussion of superheroes and villains in the previous sections, this chapter analyzes how Albus Dumbledore represents the old superhero masculine archetype by contrasting it with Harry Potter’s, who provides a newer and more hopeful model of masculine behavior based on friendship, connection, teamwork, and love. This chapter delves into how characters can model alternative masculinities as an effective strategy to combat the pervasiveness of toxic masculinity, and its effects on children and adults alike.Less
In both the worlds of sociology and psychotherapy, a crisis of masculinity can be seen in a number of very concerning trends in violence, mental health, education, media, and in wider social domains. Having explored the traditional representations of ‘superhero’ masculinity through the discussion of superheroes and villains in the previous sections, this chapter analyzes how Albus Dumbledore represents the old superhero masculine archetype by contrasting it with Harry Potter’s, who provides a newer and more hopeful model of masculine behavior based on friendship, connection, teamwork, and love. This chapter delves into how characters can model alternative masculinities as an effective strategy to combat the pervasiveness of toxic masculinity, and its effects on children and adults alike.
Mike Allen, Lars Benjaminsen, Eoin O’Sullivan, and Nicholas Pleace
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447347170
- eISBN:
- 9781447347323
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447347170.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
Chapter 2 provides a detailed analysis of the emergence and content of the homeless strategies in Denmark, Finland and Ireland. While all three countries had various homelessness policy statements ...
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Chapter 2 provides a detailed analysis of the emergence and content of the homeless strategies in Denmark, Finland and Ireland. While all three countries had various homelessness policy statements and strategies prior to 2008, in all three cases, their 2008/09 strategies were the most ambitious, aiming to end long-term homelessness and the need to sleep rough. This chapter reviews the sequence of events that led to the radical shift in policy that aimed to end homelessness and the assumptions about the causes of homelessness in each strategy.Less
Chapter 2 provides a detailed analysis of the emergence and content of the homeless strategies in Denmark, Finland and Ireland. While all three countries had various homelessness policy statements and strategies prior to 2008, in all three cases, their 2008/09 strategies were the most ambitious, aiming to end long-term homelessness and the need to sleep rough. This chapter reviews the sequence of events that led to the radical shift in policy that aimed to end homelessness and the assumptions about the causes of homelessness in each strategy.
Agnès Maillot
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719084898
- eISBN:
- 9781526103918
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719084898.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter looks at the aftermath of the split between Officials and Privisionals in 1970, with an analysis of the different interpretations that were subsquently given for the split, and an ...
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This chapter looks at the aftermath of the split between Officials and Privisionals in 1970, with an analysis of the different interpretations that were subsquently given for the split, and an assessment of its significance not only for the future of Sinn Féin but also for the values and meanings of Republicanism.Less
This chapter looks at the aftermath of the split between Officials and Privisionals in 1970, with an analysis of the different interpretations that were subsquently given for the split, and an assessment of its significance not only for the future of Sinn Féin but also for the values and meanings of Republicanism.
Paul Schmid-Hempel
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198832140
- eISBN:
- 9780191870873
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198832140.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Parasites are ubiquitous and shape almost every aspect of their hosts, including physiology, behaviour, life histories, the structure of the microbiota, and entire communities. Hence, parasitism is ...
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Parasites are ubiquitous and shape almost every aspect of their hosts, including physiology, behaviour, life histories, the structure of the microbiota, and entire communities. Hence, parasitism is one of the most potent forces in nature and, without parasites, the world would look very different. The book gives an overview over the parasite groups and the diversity of defences that hosts have evolved, such as immune systems. Principles of evolutionary biology and ecology analyse major elements of host–parasite interactions, including virulence, infection processes, tolerance, resistance, specificity, memory, polymorphisms, within-host dynamics, diseases spaces, and many other aspects. Genetics is always one of the key elements in these topics. Modelling, furthermore, can predict best strategies for host and parasites. Similarly, the spread of an infectious disease in epidemiology combines with molecular data and genomics. Furthermore, parasites have evolved ways to overcome defences and to manipulate their hosts. Hosts and parasites, therefore, continuously co-evolve, with changes sometimes occurring very rapidly, and sometimes requiring geological times. Many infectious diseases of humans have emerged from a zoonotic origin, in processes governed by the basic principles discussed in the different sections. Hence, this book integrates different fields to study the diversity of host–parasite processes and phenomena. It summarizes the essential topics for the study of evolutionary parasitology and will be useful for a broad audience.Less
Parasites are ubiquitous and shape almost every aspect of their hosts, including physiology, behaviour, life histories, the structure of the microbiota, and entire communities. Hence, parasitism is one of the most potent forces in nature and, without parasites, the world would look very different. The book gives an overview over the parasite groups and the diversity of defences that hosts have evolved, such as immune systems. Principles of evolutionary biology and ecology analyse major elements of host–parasite interactions, including virulence, infection processes, tolerance, resistance, specificity, memory, polymorphisms, within-host dynamics, diseases spaces, and many other aspects. Genetics is always one of the key elements in these topics. Modelling, furthermore, can predict best strategies for host and parasites. Similarly, the spread of an infectious disease in epidemiology combines with molecular data and genomics. Furthermore, parasites have evolved ways to overcome defences and to manipulate their hosts. Hosts and parasites, therefore, continuously co-evolve, with changes sometimes occurring very rapidly, and sometimes requiring geological times. Many infectious diseases of humans have emerged from a zoonotic origin, in processes governed by the basic principles discussed in the different sections. Hence, this book integrates different fields to study the diversity of host–parasite processes and phenomena. It summarizes the essential topics for the study of evolutionary parasitology and will be useful for a broad audience.
Sudha Pai and Sajjan Kumar
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780199466290
- eISBN:
- 9780199095865
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199466290.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
The authors analyse the reasons underlying the resurgence of communalism in the 2000s in Uttar Pradesh (UP) leading to riots in Mau in 2005, Gorakhpur in 2007, and Muzaffarnagar in 2013, but more ...
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The authors analyse the reasons underlying the resurgence of communalism in the 2000s in Uttar Pradesh (UP) leading to riots in Mau in 2005, Gorakhpur in 2007, and Muzaffarnagar in 2013, but more importantly move beyond riots to analyse the new ways and means whereby communalism in the present phase is being manufactured by the Hindu right. They argue that UP is experiencing a post-Ayodhya phase of communalism markedly different from the late 1980s/early 1990s. The book employs a model of institutionalized everyday communalism whose defining feature is that rather than initiating major, state-wide riots, the strategy of the BJP–RSS currently is to create and sustain constant, low-key communal tension together with frequent, small, low-intensity incidents out of petty everyday issues that institutionalize communalism at the grassroots. The use of this strategy is examined based on extensive fieldwork in the districts of eastern and western UP that experienced major riots. A fusion of rising cultural aspirations and deep economic anxieties in UP, which remains an economically backward state, and where a deepening agrarian crisis, unemployment, poverty, and inequalities are widespread, has created fertile ground for the new kind of communal mobilization. The agenda of the BJP–RSS is political to establish majoritarian rule, but equally important cultural, because India is viewed as fundamentally ‘Hindu’ in a civilizational sense in which Muslims will remain alien. It is through this lens of the new ‘avatar’ of the BJP, its ideology and strategies, and its impact on society and polity that an attempt is made to understand the current round of communalism in UP.Less
The authors analyse the reasons underlying the resurgence of communalism in the 2000s in Uttar Pradesh (UP) leading to riots in Mau in 2005, Gorakhpur in 2007, and Muzaffarnagar in 2013, but more importantly move beyond riots to analyse the new ways and means whereby communalism in the present phase is being manufactured by the Hindu right. They argue that UP is experiencing a post-Ayodhya phase of communalism markedly different from the late 1980s/early 1990s. The book employs a model of institutionalized everyday communalism whose defining feature is that rather than initiating major, state-wide riots, the strategy of the BJP–RSS currently is to create and sustain constant, low-key communal tension together with frequent, small, low-intensity incidents out of petty everyday issues that institutionalize communalism at the grassroots. The use of this strategy is examined based on extensive fieldwork in the districts of eastern and western UP that experienced major riots. A fusion of rising cultural aspirations and deep economic anxieties in UP, which remains an economically backward state, and where a deepening agrarian crisis, unemployment, poverty, and inequalities are widespread, has created fertile ground for the new kind of communal mobilization. The agenda of the BJP–RSS is political to establish majoritarian rule, but equally important cultural, because India is viewed as fundamentally ‘Hindu’ in a civilizational sense in which Muslims will remain alien. It is through this lens of the new ‘avatar’ of the BJP, its ideology and strategies, and its impact on society and polity that an attempt is made to understand the current round of communalism in UP.
David M. Smith and Margaret Greenfields
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781847428738
- eISBN:
- 9781447310969
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428738.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
The introduction sets out the main themes to be addressed in the book and discusses the concepts of cultural trauma, collective resilience and resistance. The relevance of these concepts to ...
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The introduction sets out the main themes to be addressed in the book and discusses the concepts of cultural trauma, collective resilience and resistance. The relevance of these concepts to understanding the position of Gypsies and Travellers in contemporary society is addressed. Specifically the importance of these concepts when explaining the settlement of formerly nomadic communities in conventional housing and the adaptive strategies that community members may adopt to mitigate the more culturally corrosive aspects of large scale and fundamental changes to accustomed modes of living is discussed.Less
The introduction sets out the main themes to be addressed in the book and discusses the concepts of cultural trauma, collective resilience and resistance. The relevance of these concepts to understanding the position of Gypsies and Travellers in contemporary society is addressed. Specifically the importance of these concepts when explaining the settlement of formerly nomadic communities in conventional housing and the adaptive strategies that community members may adopt to mitigate the more culturally corrosive aspects of large scale and fundamental changes to accustomed modes of living is discussed.
Sarah Wright, Rachel Waters, Vicky Nicholls, and members of the Strategies for Living Project
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861345141
- eISBN:
- 9781447303220
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861345141.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
The underlying principle for using user-led research in mental health has been widely documented. This type of research includes placing independent research that is designed and carried out by ...
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The underlying principle for using user-led research in mental health has been widely documented. This type of research includes placing independent research that is designed and carried out by people with direct personal experience of emotional and mental distress within the framework of emancipatory research. It aims to increase knowledge as well as alter the status quo, and to influence and change relationships. In mental health, user-led research has developed in the context of a world where people using mental health services have been traditionally asked to respond to very personal questions by outside researchers without any influence on the sorts of questions that get asked or what happens to the information that they share with the researchers. In this sense, user-led research is about people with experience of distress taking control of their lives. This is the context in which the Strategies for Living Project based at the Mental Health Foundation have developed. This chapter describes the ethical issues that arose during Phase II of the Strategies for Living Project. These ethical issues centre on participation, transparency and honesty, consent, payment, safety and confidentiality, ethics committee approval and methodology. It also outlines in more detail the implications of each of these ethical issues as they emerged within the Strategies for Living projects.Less
The underlying principle for using user-led research in mental health has been widely documented. This type of research includes placing independent research that is designed and carried out by people with direct personal experience of emotional and mental distress within the framework of emancipatory research. It aims to increase knowledge as well as alter the status quo, and to influence and change relationships. In mental health, user-led research has developed in the context of a world where people using mental health services have been traditionally asked to respond to very personal questions by outside researchers without any influence on the sorts of questions that get asked or what happens to the information that they share with the researchers. In this sense, user-led research is about people with experience of distress taking control of their lives. This is the context in which the Strategies for Living Project based at the Mental Health Foundation have developed. This chapter describes the ethical issues that arose during Phase II of the Strategies for Living Project. These ethical issues centre on participation, transparency and honesty, consent, payment, safety and confidentiality, ethics committee approval and methodology. It also outlines in more detail the implications of each of these ethical issues as they emerged within the Strategies for Living projects.
Mari Armstrong-Hough
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469646688
- eISBN:
- 9781469646701
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646688.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter uses interview data with American health care providers to examine clinicians’ strategies for negotiating with patients to elicit cooperation and participation in their own ...
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This chapter uses interview data with American health care providers to examine clinicians’ strategies for negotiating with patients to elicit cooperation and participation in their own self-management. It argues that physicians in both countries switch between different models of the provider-patient relationship as they see fit to the situation. The American providers stressed that, ultimately, responsibility for managing the disease rested with the patient. However, they were markedly pessimistic about their patients’ capacity for change and likely course of disease progression. Providers’ low expectations and pessimism contributed to a preference for small, simple lifestyle changes in combination with medication rather than bold lifestyle change.Less
This chapter uses interview data with American health care providers to examine clinicians’ strategies for negotiating with patients to elicit cooperation and participation in their own self-management. It argues that physicians in both countries switch between different models of the provider-patient relationship as they see fit to the situation. The American providers stressed that, ultimately, responsibility for managing the disease rested with the patient. However, they were markedly pessimistic about their patients’ capacity for change and likely course of disease progression. Providers’ low expectations and pessimism contributed to a preference for small, simple lifestyle changes in combination with medication rather than bold lifestyle change.
Mari Armstrong-Hough
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469646688
- eISBN:
- 9781469646701
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646688.003.0006
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter examines Japanese providers’ strategies for managing patients with diabetes using interview data and participant observation from full-time clinical shadowing of outpatient and inpatient ...
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This chapter examines Japanese providers’ strategies for managing patients with diabetes using interview data and participant observation from full-time clinical shadowing of outpatient and inpatient exams at three major health centers, diabetes education classes, medical staff meetings, all-hospital assemblies, and dialysis center activities. While American health care providers spoke privately about diabetes and patients with diabetes in pessimistic terms, Japanese providers maintained high expectations and hopes for type 2 diabetes outcomes, even in private when they were not cheerleading patients. Providers in Japan imagined the origins and inevitable progression of diabetes differently from their peers in the United States, rendering them more optimistic about patients’ futures and more likely to favor lifestyle change.Less
This chapter examines Japanese providers’ strategies for managing patients with diabetes using interview data and participant observation from full-time clinical shadowing of outpatient and inpatient exams at three major health centers, diabetes education classes, medical staff meetings, all-hospital assemblies, and dialysis center activities. While American health care providers spoke privately about diabetes and patients with diabetes in pessimistic terms, Japanese providers maintained high expectations and hopes for type 2 diabetes outcomes, even in private when they were not cheerleading patients. Providers in Japan imagined the origins and inevitable progression of diabetes differently from their peers in the United States, rendering them more optimistic about patients’ futures and more likely to favor lifestyle change.
Carrie Williams Clifford
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781469659329
- eISBN:
- 9781469659343
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469659329.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Part 3 demonstrates that the entry of the United States into World War I changed the political landscape once again as suffrage activists balanced their demands for greater democracy at home with the ...
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Part 3 demonstrates that the entry of the United States into World War I changed the political landscape once again as suffrage activists balanced their demands for greater democracy at home with the war abroad.
During the fall of 1916, suffrage speakers and organizers fanned out across the western states where women could vote to stump against Democrats. Having failed to keep President Wilson out of office, Alice Paul and her colleagues in the National Woman’s Party turned to publicly shaming him, organizing a vigil in front of the White House in 1917. But with the declaration of war, Washington D.C. immediately changed. America’s entry into the Great War shifted suffragists’ calculations as they reassessed their political strategies in light of the conflict in which their nation was now enmeshed. Despite the new demands on their time from aid or support work, and, for some, the emotional toll of having loved ones in the military, the women remained engaged in their political activism and continued to fight for suffrage and women’s rights.Less
Part 3 demonstrates that the entry of the United States into World War I changed the political landscape once again as suffrage activists balanced their demands for greater democracy at home with the war abroad.
During the fall of 1916, suffrage speakers and organizers fanned out across the western states where women could vote to stump against Democrats. Having failed to keep President Wilson out of office, Alice Paul and her colleagues in the National Woman’s Party turned to publicly shaming him, organizing a vigil in front of the White House in 1917. But with the declaration of war, Washington D.C. immediately changed. America’s entry into the Great War shifted suffragists’ calculations as they reassessed their political strategies in light of the conflict in which their nation was now enmeshed. Despite the new demands on their time from aid or support work, and, for some, the emotional toll of having loved ones in the military, the women remained engaged in their political activism and continued to fight for suffrage and women’s rights.
Dana H. Ballard
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028615
- eISBN:
- 9780262323819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028615.003.0009
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
Acting in the world in the situation that the agent is aware of requires command of decision options. Basic decision can be handled with barrier models, but social decisions require Game Theory. ...
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Acting in the world in the situation that the agent is aware of requires command of decision options. Basic decision can be handled with barrier models, but social decisions require Game Theory. Simple games can be handled with fixed strategies, but most games require that the players use fractional strategies to be successful. Even more difficult interaction games such as iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma require additional formulations to avoid the worst-case Nash equilibrium.Less
Acting in the world in the situation that the agent is aware of requires command of decision options. Basic decision can be handled with barrier models, but social decisions require Game Theory. Simple games can be handled with fixed strategies, but most games require that the players use fractional strategies to be successful. Even more difficult interaction games such as iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma require additional formulations to avoid the worst-case Nash equilibrium.
David Roche
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781617039621
- eISBN:
- 9781626740129
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781617039621.003.0008
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
The aim of this chapter is twofold: highlighting the formal strategies meant to produce dread, terror and horror, and showing how the style of the 2000s remakes confirm the intensification of ...
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The aim of this chapter is twofold: highlighting the formal strategies meant to produce dread, terror and horror, and showing how the style of the 2000s remakes confirm the intensification of “intensified continuity” described by David Bordwell. Because they privilege the danger factor, the 2000s remakes deploy slasher strategies that emphasize violence and build up a progression that typically evolves from dread to terror to horror. Conversely, the slowness of the aggressor in the 1970s films leaves time to contemplate both the horrific and the horrified, to struggle with the absence of a framework capable of explaining the horror. These longer moments of contemplation seem to lead, inevitably, to a more ambivalent perception of the “monstrous,” so that a figure of horror is not necessarily limited to a specific category like terror or horror. The style of the 2000s remakes also confirms Bordwell’s argument concerning the narrow spectrum of techniques in contemporary Hollywood cinema, the strategies deployed forming a familiar and fairly homogeneous arsenal.Less
The aim of this chapter is twofold: highlighting the formal strategies meant to produce dread, terror and horror, and showing how the style of the 2000s remakes confirm the intensification of “intensified continuity” described by David Bordwell. Because they privilege the danger factor, the 2000s remakes deploy slasher strategies that emphasize violence and build up a progression that typically evolves from dread to terror to horror. Conversely, the slowness of the aggressor in the 1970s films leaves time to contemplate both the horrific and the horrified, to struggle with the absence of a framework capable of explaining the horror. These longer moments of contemplation seem to lead, inevitably, to a more ambivalent perception of the “monstrous,” so that a figure of horror is not necessarily limited to a specific category like terror or horror. The style of the 2000s remakes also confirms Bordwell’s argument concerning the narrow spectrum of techniques in contemporary Hollywood cinema, the strategies deployed forming a familiar and fairly homogeneous arsenal.
Diane Vaughan
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780226796406
- eISBN:
- 9780226796543
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226796543.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
When asked about risk and stress, controllers accounts contradict their emotion-laden narratives of Chapter 7. “Risky? No, no, why do you think it’s risky?” “Stressful? My drive into work is more ...
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When asked about risk and stress, controllers accounts contradict their emotion-laden narratives of Chapter 7. “Risky? No, no, why do you think it’s risky?” “Stressful? My drive into work is more stressful than this.” Some people distance themselves by redefining the situation: “It’s like the high you get when you’re coming down a ski slope.” “I think of it as pushing tin, or it’s just me and the pilot. If I thought there were 300 people on a plane, I couldn’t do the job.” The concluding section of the chapter, “The Social and Cultural Transformation of Risky Work,” reconciles this contradiction. It reveals how culture and cognition work to normalize risk and stress. Also in response to the pressures of the job, controllers’ individually and collectively create strategies that become cultural, easing their emotional labor. Gallows humor. Drawing analogies: “It’s like the high we get working out,” These strategies distance controllers from the experience of risk and stress. Similarly, objects act – architecture, devices, and technologies, routines, rules and procedures – stabilizing the inside world, giving controllers the opportunity to redefine their experiences and they do, mediating the experience of risk and stress so they can do the job.Less
When asked about risk and stress, controllers accounts contradict their emotion-laden narratives of Chapter 7. “Risky? No, no, why do you think it’s risky?” “Stressful? My drive into work is more stressful than this.” Some people distance themselves by redefining the situation: “It’s like the high you get when you’re coming down a ski slope.” “I think of it as pushing tin, or it’s just me and the pilot. If I thought there were 300 people on a plane, I couldn’t do the job.” The concluding section of the chapter, “The Social and Cultural Transformation of Risky Work,” reconciles this contradiction. It reveals how culture and cognition work to normalize risk and stress. Also in response to the pressures of the job, controllers’ individually and collectively create strategies that become cultural, easing their emotional labor. Gallows humor. Drawing analogies: “It’s like the high we get working out,” These strategies distance controllers from the experience of risk and stress. Similarly, objects act – architecture, devices, and technologies, routines, rules and procedures – stabilizing the inside world, giving controllers the opportunity to redefine their experiences and they do, mediating the experience of risk and stress so they can do the job.
Thomas Princen, Jack P. Manno, and Pamela L. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262028806
- eISBN:
- 9780262327077
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028806.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Ending the Fossil Fuel Era means beginning a delegitimization, or reconceptualization and revalorization of fossil fuels or, to be precise, humans’ relations with fossil fuels. The authors argue for ...
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Ending the Fossil Fuel Era means beginning a delegitimization, or reconceptualization and revalorization of fossil fuels or, to be precise, humans’ relations with fossil fuels. The authors argue for a shift from fossil fuels as a constructive substance. To do this, a pragmatic, realist politics of the 21st Century toward starting to stop is needed. In this chapter, the authors outline the biophysical, cultural, ethical, and material reasons why only mitigating the impacts of carbon, rather than going to its source in the ground is denying the real issues and opportunities for this and the next centuries. They challenge readers to use a politics of imaginative realism to undertake an urgent transition.Less
Ending the Fossil Fuel Era means beginning a delegitimization, or reconceptualization and revalorization of fossil fuels or, to be precise, humans’ relations with fossil fuels. The authors argue for a shift from fossil fuels as a constructive substance. To do this, a pragmatic, realist politics of the 21st Century toward starting to stop is needed. In this chapter, the authors outline the biophysical, cultural, ethical, and material reasons why only mitigating the impacts of carbon, rather than going to its source in the ground is denying the real issues and opportunities for this and the next centuries. They challenge readers to use a politics of imaginative realism to undertake an urgent transition.
Erich Goode
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781479878574
- eISBN:
- 9781479872718
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479878574.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
Gender is linked to deviance, both with regard to women as victims, that is, the recipient of the unwanted actions of others, and as perpetrators, as the actors of behaviour others consider wrongful. ...
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Gender is linked to deviance, both with regard to women as victims, that is, the recipient of the unwanted actions of others, and as perpetrators, as the actors of behaviour others consider wrongful. Even the very occupation of a given space by women may be regarded as unacceptable by certain male audiences; sometimes, males may blame unwanted attention on the woman for appearing in public, or in a particular public place, on her unwanted presence in such spaces. Men are more likely to be crime victims than women but women fear being victimized in public more, developing a “geography of fear.” Men are more likely to be in singletons than women, and as the size of the unit increases, women increasingly predominate. Even among men, with respect to numbers, men are more likely to be in a social group than alone; this tendency is greater for women. The patterns of gender socializing may influence the park’s relative safety. Still, women are significantly more likely to socialize in the fountain area, which is safe, than in the perimeter walkway; men are much more likely to be in the perimeter walkway than women.Less
Gender is linked to deviance, both with regard to women as victims, that is, the recipient of the unwanted actions of others, and as perpetrators, as the actors of behaviour others consider wrongful. Even the very occupation of a given space by women may be regarded as unacceptable by certain male audiences; sometimes, males may blame unwanted attention on the woman for appearing in public, or in a particular public place, on her unwanted presence in such spaces. Men are more likely to be crime victims than women but women fear being victimized in public more, developing a “geography of fear.” Men are more likely to be in singletons than women, and as the size of the unit increases, women increasingly predominate. Even among men, with respect to numbers, men are more likely to be in a social group than alone; this tendency is greater for women. The patterns of gender socializing may influence the park’s relative safety. Still, women are significantly more likely to socialize in the fountain area, which is safe, than in the perimeter walkway; men are much more likely to be in the perimeter walkway than women.
Michael Harrigan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526122261
- eISBN:
- 9781526136183
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526122261.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Colonial commentators, aware of the impossibility of dominating the consciousness of slaves, testify to the use of auxiliary strategies to circumscribe them in place or time. Forms of surveillance ...
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Colonial commentators, aware of the impossibility of dominating the consciousness of slaves, testify to the use of auxiliary strategies to circumscribe them in place or time. Forms of surveillance were essential to power, but hint at exacerbated visibility in the plantation context. A scriptural, patristic and humanistic tradition furnished precedents for the discipline of slaves, but French commentators illustrate that limits to physical violence were prescribed for diverse reasons. Concerns about plantation security centred on the proportion of slave to settler, and on the illusory relationships between slaveowners and their slaves. It is in the script, hidden from the eyes of slaves, that one can find overt avowals of the risk they were thought to pose. There were interrogations about the sexual coercion of enslaved women. Colonial-era narratives also illustrate the use of strategies to control the bodies of slaves; some of these strategies testify to moral limits to the complete possession of other human beings.Less
Colonial commentators, aware of the impossibility of dominating the consciousness of slaves, testify to the use of auxiliary strategies to circumscribe them in place or time. Forms of surveillance were essential to power, but hint at exacerbated visibility in the plantation context. A scriptural, patristic and humanistic tradition furnished precedents for the discipline of slaves, but French commentators illustrate that limits to physical violence were prescribed for diverse reasons. Concerns about plantation security centred on the proportion of slave to settler, and on the illusory relationships between slaveowners and their slaves. It is in the script, hidden from the eyes of slaves, that one can find overt avowals of the risk they were thought to pose. There were interrogations about the sexual coercion of enslaved women. Colonial-era narratives also illustrate the use of strategies to control the bodies of slaves; some of these strategies testify to moral limits to the complete possession of other human beings.
El Mustapha Lahlali
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780748682744
- eISBN:
- 9781399509213
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748682744.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter examines the concept of politeness in the context of the Arab Spring, with a particular focus on politeness strategies in different speeches, statements and slogans, examining shifts in ...
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This chapter examines the concept of politeness in the context of the Arab Spring, with a particular focus on politeness strategies in different speeches, statements and slogans, examining shifts in these strategies and discourses. Apart from identifying key politeness strategies and shifts, this chapter provides an explanation for these changes by contextualising them in the wider social, political and cultural context.Less
This chapter examines the concept of politeness in the context of the Arab Spring, with a particular focus on politeness strategies in different speeches, statements and slogans, examining shifts in these strategies and discourses. Apart from identifying key politeness strategies and shifts, this chapter provides an explanation for these changes by contextualising them in the wider social, political and cultural context.
El Mustapha Lahlali
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780748682744
- eISBN:
- 9781399509213
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748682744.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter examines the Islamic parties discourse during and post Arab Spring. The landslide victory of most Islamic parties in post Arab Spring elections in Egypt and Tunisia took many observers ...
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This chapter examines the Islamic parties discourse during and post Arab Spring. The landslide victory of most Islamic parties in post Arab Spring elections in Egypt and Tunisia took many observers by surprise and revealed the popularity of the parties in these countries. The study of their discourse offers a good understanding of the dialectical relationship between these parties and the wider public. It also examines their discourses in the context of conflict and social change. The focus in this chapter is on Al-Nahda and the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) in Tunisia and Egypt respectively. A CDA approach, mainly Fairclough’s framework of language and social change, has been adopted for the analysis of the data, which has been collected from speeches, statements and slogans made by leaders of the two parties.Less
This chapter examines the Islamic parties discourse during and post Arab Spring. The landslide victory of most Islamic parties in post Arab Spring elections in Egypt and Tunisia took many observers by surprise and revealed the popularity of the parties in these countries. The study of their discourse offers a good understanding of the dialectical relationship between these parties and the wider public. It also examines their discourses in the context of conflict and social change. The focus in this chapter is on Al-Nahda and the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) in Tunisia and Egypt respectively. A CDA approach, mainly Fairclough’s framework of language and social change, has been adopted for the analysis of the data, which has been collected from speeches, statements and slogans made by leaders of the two parties.