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Reducing the Number of People in California’s Women’s Prisons: How “Gender-Responsive Prisons” Harm Women, Children, and Families

Californians United for a Responsible Budget

in Interrupted Life: Experiences of Incarcerated Women in the United States

In April 2007, Californians United for a Responsible Budget (CURB) published a report entitled Reducing the Number of People in California's Women's Prisons: How “Gender Responsive Prisons” Harm ... More

In April 2007, Californians United for a Responsible Budget (CURB) published a report entitled Reducing the Number of People in California's Women's Prisons: How “Gender Responsive Prisons” Harm Women, Children, and Families. The report was in response to the controversial policy that would expand the capacity of California's women's prison system—already the largest prison system for women in the world—by up to 40 percent in two years. The California prison expansion plan was first publicly proposed by the Gender Responsive Strategies Commission, established in February 2005 as an advisory committee to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR). In response to overwhelming evidence of unaddressed violence, medical neglect, and abuse, the CDCR, federal courts, and watchdogs are working to centralize control of California's prison system to increase oversight, address the myriad scandals within it, and ensure that people are treated equally no matter where they are imprisoned. However, real prison reform involves reducing the number of people in women's prisons by discharging the 4,500 people CDCR identified as no longer needing to be in prison.Less

Before the goal of ‘ending homelessness’: the evolution of policy

Mike Allen, Lars Benjaminsen, Eoin O’Sullivan, and Nicholas Pleace

in Ending Homelessness?: The Contrasting Experiences of Denmark, Finland and Ireland

Chapter 2 provides a detailed analysis of the emergence and content of the homeless strategies in Denmark, Finland and Ireland. While all three countries had various homelessness policy statements ... More

Chapter 2 provides a detailed analysis of the emergence and content of the homeless strategies in Denmark, Finland and Ireland. While all three countries had various homelessness policy statements and strategies prior to 2008, in all three cases, their 2008/09 strategies were the most ambitious, aiming to end long-term homelessness and the need to sleep rough. This chapter reviews the sequence of events that led to the radical shift in policy that aimed to end homelessness and the assumptions about the causes of homelessness in each strategy.Less

Conclusion

Agnès Maillot

in In the Shadow of History: Sinn Féin 1926-70

This chapter looks at the aftermath of the split between Officials and Privisionals in 1970, with an analysis of the different interpretations that were subsquently given for the split, and an ... More

This chapter looks at the aftermath of the split between Officials and Privisionals in 1970, with an analysis of the different interpretations that were subsquently given for the split, and an assessment of its significance not only for the future of Sinn Féin but also for the values and meanings of Republicanism.Less

Introduction

David M. Smith and Margaret Greenfields

in Gypsies and Travellers in housing: The decline of Nomadism

The introduction sets out the main themes to be addressed in the book and discusses the concepts of cultural trauma, collective resilience and resistance. The relevance of these concepts to ... More

The introduction sets out the main themes to be addressed in the book and discusses the concepts of cultural trauma, collective resilience and resistance. The relevance of these concepts to understanding the position of Gypsies and Travellers in contemporary society is addressed. Specifically the importance of these concepts when explaining the settlement of formerly nomadic communities in conventional housing and the adaptive strategies that community members may adopt to mitigate the more culturally corrosive aspects of large scale and fundamental changes to accustomed modes of living is discussed.Less

Ethical considerations in service-user-led research: Strategies for Living Project

Sarah Wright, Rachel Waters, Vicky Nicholls, and members of the Strategies for Living Project

in Researchers and their 'subjects': Ethics, power, knowledge and consent

The underlying principle for using user-led research in mental health has been widely documented. This type of research includes placing independent research that is designed and carried out by ... More

The underlying principle for using user-led research in mental health has been widely documented. This type of research includes placing independent research that is designed and carried out by people with direct personal experience of emotional and mental distress within the framework of emancipatory research. It aims to increase knowledge as well as alter the status quo, and to influence and change relationships. In mental health, user-led research has developed in the context of a world where people using mental health services have been traditionally asked to respond to very personal questions by outside researchers without any influence on the sorts of questions that get asked or what happens to the information that they share with the researchers. In this sense, user-led research is about people with experience of distress taking control of their lives. This is the context in which the Strategies for Living Project based at the Mental Health Foundation have developed. This chapter describes the ethical issues that arose during Phase II of the Strategies for Living Project. These ethical issues centre on participation, transparency and honesty, consent, payment, safety and confidentiality, ethics committee approval and methodology. It also outlines in more detail the implications of each of these ethical issues as they emerged within the Strategies for Living projects.Less

Your Diabetes: U. S. Health Care Providers’ Orientations toward Patients

Mari Armstrong-Hough

in Biomedicalization and the Practice of Culture: Globalization and Type 2 Diabetes in the United States and Japan

This chapter uses interview data with American health care providers to examine clinicians’ strategies for negotiating with patients to elicit cooperation and participation in their own ... More

This chapter uses interview data with American health care providers to examine clinicians’ strategies for negotiating with patients to elicit cooperation and participation in their own self-management. It argues that physicians in both countries switch between different models of the provider-patient relationship as they see fit to the situation. The American providers stressed that, ultimately, responsibility for managing the disease rested with the patient. However, they were markedly pessimistic about their patients’ capacity for change and likely course of disease progression. Providers’ low expectations and pessimism contributed to a preference for small, simple lifestyle changes in combination with medication rather than bold lifestyle change.Less

Our Diabetes: Diabetes in the Japanese Exam Room

Mari Armstrong-Hough

in Biomedicalization and the Practice of Culture: Globalization and Type 2 Diabetes in the United States and Japan

This chapter examines Japanese providers’ strategies for managing patients with diabetes using interview data and participant observation from full-time clinical shadowing of outpatient and inpatient ... More

This chapter examines Japanese providers’ strategies for managing patients with diabetes using interview data and participant observation from full-time clinical shadowing of outpatient and inpatient exams at three major health centers, diabetes education classes, medical staff meetings, all-hospital assemblies, and dialysis center activities. While American health care providers spoke privately about diabetes and patients with diabetes in pessimistic terms, Japanese providers maintained high expectations and hopes for type 2 diabetes outcomes, even in private when they were not cheerleading patients. Providers in Japan imagined the origins and inevitable progression of diabetes differently from their peers in the United States, rendering them more optimistic about patients’ futures and more likely to favor lifestyle change.Less

Strategies and Style: (Horror and Terror, Part 2)

David Roche

in Making and Remaking Horror in the 1970s and 2000s: Why Don’t They Do It Like They Used To?

The aim of this chapter is twofold: highlighting the formal strategies meant to produce dread, terror and horror, and showing how the style of the 2000s remakes confirm the intensification of ... More

The aim of this chapter is twofold: highlighting the formal strategies meant to produce dread, terror and horror, and showing how the style of the 2000s remakes confirm the intensification of “intensified continuity” described by David Bordwell. Because they privilege the danger factor, the 2000s remakes deploy slasher strategies that emphasize violence and build up a progression that typically evolves from dread to terror to horror. Conversely, the slowness of the aggressor in the 1970s films leaves time to contemplate both the horrific and the horrified, to struggle with the absence of a framework capable of explaining the horror. These longer moments of contemplation seem to lead, inevitably, to a more ambivalent perception of the “monstrous,” so that a figure of horror is not necessarily limited to a specific category like terror or horror. The style of the 2000s remakes also confirms Bordwell’s argument concerning the narrow spectrum of techniques in contemporary Hollywood cinema, the strategies deployed forming a familiar and fairly homogeneous arsenal.Less

Decision Making

Dana H. Ballard

in Brain Computation as Hierarchical Abstraction

Acting in the world in the situation that the agent is aware of requires command of decision options. Basic decision can be handled with barrier models, but social decisions require Game Theory. ... More

Acting in the world in the situation that the agent is aware of requires command of decision options. Basic decision can be handled with barrier models, but social decisions require Game Theory. Simple games can be handled with fixed strategies, but most games require that the players use fractional strategies to be successful. Even more difficult interaction games such as iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma require additional formulations to avoid the worst-case Nash equilibrium.Less

Sex and Gender in Public

Erich Goode

in The Taming of New York's Washington Square: A Wild Civility

Gender is linked to deviance, both with regard to women as victims, that is, the recipient of the unwanted actions of others, and as perpetrators, as the actors of behaviour others consider wrongful. ... More

Gender is linked to deviance, both with regard to women as victims, that is, the recipient of the unwanted actions of others, and as perpetrators, as the actors of behaviour others consider wrongful. Even the very occupation of a given space by women may be regarded as unacceptable by certain male audiences; sometimes, males may blame unwanted attention on the woman for appearing in public, or in a particular public place, on her unwanted presence in such spaces. Men are more likely to be crime victims than women but women fear being victimized in public more, developing a “geography of fear.” Men are more likely to be in singletons than women, and as the size of the unit increases, women increasingly predominate. Even among men, with respect to numbers, men are more likely to be in a social group than alone; this tendency is greater for women. The patterns of gender socializing may influence the park’s relative safety. Still, women are significantly more likely to socialize in the fountain area, which is safe, than in the perimeter walkway; men are much more likely to be in the perimeter walkway than women.Less

The Problem

Thomas Princen, Jack P. Manno, and Pamela L. Martin

in Ending the Fossil Fuel Era

Ending the Fossil Fuel Era means beginning a delegitimization, or reconceptualization and revalorization of fossil fuels or, to be precise, humans’ relations with fossil fuels. The authors argue for ... More

Ending the Fossil Fuel Era means beginning a delegitimization, or reconceptualization and revalorization of fossil fuels or, to be precise, humans’ relations with fossil fuels. The authors argue for a shift from fossil fuels as a constructive substance. To do this, a pragmatic, realist politics of the 21st Century toward starting to stop is needed. In this chapter, the authors outline the biophysical, cultural, ethical, and material reasons why only mitigating the impacts of carbon, rather than going to its source in the ground is denying the real issues and opportunities for this and the next centuries. They challenge readers to use a politics of imaginative realism to undertake an urgent transition.Less

Tensions, order, and the body

Michael Harrigan

in Frontiers of servitude: Slavery in narratives of the early French Atlantic

Colonial commentators, aware of the impossibility of dominating the consciousness of slaves, testify to the use of auxiliary strategies to circumscribe them in place or time. Forms of surveillance ... More

Colonial commentators, aware of the impossibility of dominating the consciousness of slaves, testify to the use of auxiliary strategies to circumscribe them in place or time. Forms of surveillance were essential to power, but hint at exacerbated visibility in the plantation context. A scriptural, patristic and humanistic tradition furnished precedents for the discipline of slaves, but French commentators illustrate that limits to physical violence were prescribed for diverse reasons. Concerns about plantation security centred on the proportion of slave to settler, and on the illusory relationships between slaveowners and their slaves. It is in the script, hidden from the eyes of slaves, that one can find overt avowals of the risk they were thought to pose. There were interrogations about the sexual coercion of enslaved women. Colonial-era narratives also illustrate the use of strategies to control the bodies of slaves; some of these strategies testify to moral limits to the complete possession of other human beings.Less

“Stinkin’ Thinkin’”

James B. Waldram

in Hound Pound Narrative: Sexual Offender Habilitation and the Anthropology of Therapeutic Intervention

This chapter discusses moral habilitation. Moral habilitation refers to the process by which individuals are morally remade in the image of certain ideals regarding appropriate social and ethical ... More

This chapter discusses moral habilitation. Moral habilitation refers to the process by which individuals are morally remade in the image of certain ideals regarding appropriate social and ethical conduct so that they become “fit” to be among other people. The first psychoeducational group that the men experience after orientation that starts the process of moral habilitation is Cognitive Strategies. “Cog” Strategies, as they typically refer to it, represent an introduction to the basic philosophy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)—an approach to helping participants change their behavior by correcting their errors in thinking. This includes an examination of how thought and feelings determine behavior. According to the Treatment Manual, Participants develop an awareness of how perceptions, self talk, and distorted thiking influence their offending behavior, and begin to change their distorted thinking patterns.Less

The Politics of Immanence

Karina Biondi

John F. Collins (ed.)

in Sharing This Walk: An Ethnography of Prison Life in Brazil

This chapter presents the micropolitics that support the existence of the First Command of Capital (Primeiro Comando da Capital - PCC). These micropolitics includes projects, manipulative efforts, ... More

This chapter presents the micropolitics that support the existence of the First Command of Capital (Primeiro Comando da Capital - PCC). These micropolitics includes projects, manipulative efforts, strategies, but also improvisations, unexpected and random possibilities. The ethnography of these practices reveals that those who participate in PCC arrive at their destinations not because of the organization of the PCC, but because of their "dispositions". The dynamic that emanates from these dispositions bears remarkable difference to more standard concepts of "organized crime" or "criminal organization". The role of the PCC, even though it includes baskets of strategies and projects, is permeated instead by chance and is made real and powerful by the dispositions of its participants, who make do in relation to that chance.Less

The Camel and the Prophecy

Samia Khatun

in Australianama: The South Asian Odyssey in Australia

Moving from the ‘Dreaming’ stories that structure Aboriginal geographies to Muslim practices of dream interpretation in Beltana, Chapter 5 examines the Ahmadi variety of Islam that flowered along ... More

Moving from the ‘Dreaming’ stories that structure Aboriginal geographies to Muslim practices of dream interpretation in Beltana, Chapter 5 examines the Ahmadi variety of Islam that flowered along Australian camel tracks. Established in Punjab in the 1880s, the Ahmadiyya movement grew as its founder issued prophecy after prophecy following vivid dream after dream in Urdu, Persian, Arabic and occasionally English. Piecing together the traces Ahmadi dreams left in Australian newspapers, I plot a practice of dream interpretation that circulated across the Indian Ocean during the era of camel transportation.Less

The Quest for Integration

Susan Owens

in Knowledge, Policy, and Expertise: The UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution 1970–2011

This chapter focuses on two studies, separated by a quarter of a century, in which the Commission took a critical look at institutional structures and the conceptual underpinnings of environmental ... More

This chapter focuses on two studies, separated by a quarter of a century, in which the Commission took a critical look at institutional structures and the conceptual underpinnings of environmental policy. In its fifth report (1976), it advocated a system of integrated pollution control, based on its concept of ‘best practicable environmental option’ (BPEO), to be implemented by a new pollution inspectorate. Though rejected at first, its recommendations had a profound influence on policy over several decades. The Commission’s twenty-third report (2002) proposed a more coherent system of land use and environmental planning, involving Integrated Spatial Strategies. In this case (at a time of planning reform) its ideas had only modest short-term impact and little lasting effect. The processes contributing to these different outcomes, including the changing political and institutional contexts, are carefully examined. Taken together, these cases tell us much about the Commission’s experience when it tried to change the policy frame, and highlight interesting differences in government responses to its reports over time.Less

Hindutva Incorporation and Socioconomic Exclusion: The Adivasi Dilemma

Nandini Sundar

in Majoritarian State: How Hindu Nationalism is Changing India

Nandini Sundar examines the conditions and discursive strategies utilized by the BJP to contribute to building an extensive Adivasi (tribal) voter base that continues to support the BJP despite the ... More

Nandini Sundar examines the conditions and discursive strategies utilized by the BJP to contribute to building an extensive Adivasi (tribal) voter base that continues to support the BJP despite the party’s alignment with industrialists who displace rural and tribal communities, and whose ruling ideology marginalizes and devalues Adivasis. Narendra Modi’s popularity is no more central to this question than in discussions that revolve around the fatal attraction of the BJP holds to Adivasis and Dalits. Why do Adivasis vote in such large numbers for a party which is clearly aligned with the industrialists who want to displace them; why do Dalits align with a party whose ruling ideology is so clearly holds them in contempt? Sundar analyzes several strategies of incorporating Adivasis into the Hindu nation: Sanskritization, modernization (in the form of schooling), the (anti-Christian) conversion debate, service work, and mass violence and small-scale incidents.Less