Tracey A. Sowerby
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199584635
- eISBN:
- 9780191723162
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584635.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
The accession of Mary Tudor brought Morison's long service to the crown to an end, and after the failure of Wyatt's rebellion (in which he was implicated), Morison left England for a safe haven ...
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The accession of Mary Tudor brought Morison's long service to the crown to an end, and after the failure of Wyatt's rebellion (in which he was implicated), Morison left England for a safe haven abroad. This chapter outlines Morison's itinerary and activities in exile, establishing him as a more significant figure in the Marian exile community than has previously been recognised. His considerable overseas experience had brought him into contact with a range of continental scholars and evangelicals, and these contacts were to prove crucial to his personal choices in exile. Morison was at the heart of the exile community in Strasbourg, where he presided over a pedagogic household that offered shelter to other Englishmen, many of whom were involved in the production of polemics against Mary, as was Morison himself.Less
The accession of Mary Tudor brought Morison's long service to the crown to an end, and after the failure of Wyatt's rebellion (in which he was implicated), Morison left England for a safe haven abroad. This chapter outlines Morison's itinerary and activities in exile, establishing him as a more significant figure in the Marian exile community than has previously been recognised. His considerable overseas experience had brought him into contact with a range of continental scholars and evangelicals, and these contacts were to prove crucial to his personal choices in exile. Morison was at the heart of the exile community in Strasbourg, where he presided over a pedagogic household that offered shelter to other Englishmen, many of whom were involved in the production of polemics against Mary, as was Morison himself.
Brice Dickson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199571383
- eISBN:
- 9780191721854
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571383.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This book provides a comprehensive account of the role played by the European Convention on Human Rights during the conflict in Northern Ireland from 1968. It studies the effectiveness of the ...
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This book provides a comprehensive account of the role played by the European Convention on Human Rights during the conflict in Northern Ireland from 1968. It studies the effectiveness of the Convention in protecting human rights in a society wracked by terrorism and deep political conflict, detailing the numerous applications lodged at Strasbourg relating to the conflict and considering how they were dealt with by the enforcement bodies. The book illustrates the limitations inherent in the Convention system but also demonstrates how the European Commission and Court of Human Rights gradually developed a more interventionist approach to the applications emanating from Northern Ireland. In turn, this allowed the Convention to become a more secure guarantor of basic rights and freedoms during times of extreme civil unrest and political turmoil elsewhere in Europe. The topics examined include the right to life, the right not to be ill-treated, the right to liberty, the right to a fair trial, the right to a private life, the right to freedom of belief, the right to freedom of expression, the right to freedom of assembly, and the right not to be discriminated against. The book argues that, while eventually the European Court did use the applications from Northern Ireland to establish important human rights principles, their development was slow and arduous, and some gaps in protection still remain. The book illustrates the limits of the European Convention as a tool for protecting human rights in times of crisis.Less
This book provides a comprehensive account of the role played by the European Convention on Human Rights during the conflict in Northern Ireland from 1968. It studies the effectiveness of the Convention in protecting human rights in a society wracked by terrorism and deep political conflict, detailing the numerous applications lodged at Strasbourg relating to the conflict and considering how they were dealt with by the enforcement bodies. The book illustrates the limitations inherent in the Convention system but also demonstrates how the European Commission and Court of Human Rights gradually developed a more interventionist approach to the applications emanating from Northern Ireland. In turn, this allowed the Convention to become a more secure guarantor of basic rights and freedoms during times of extreme civil unrest and political turmoil elsewhere in Europe. The topics examined include the right to life, the right not to be ill-treated, the right to liberty, the right to a fair trial, the right to a private life, the right to freedom of belief, the right to freedom of expression, the right to freedom of assembly, and the right not to be discriminated against. The book argues that, while eventually the European Court did use the applications from Northern Ireland to establish important human rights principles, their development was slow and arduous, and some gaps in protection still remain. The book illustrates the limits of the European Convention as a tool for protecting human rights in times of crisis.
Brian Lugioyo
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195387360
- eISBN:
- 9780199866663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387360.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Chapter 2 elucidates Martin Bucer’s missiological and unitive strategy centered on the doctrine of justification. While providing a brief survey of Bucer’s career in Strasbourg, this chapter ...
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Chapter 2 elucidates Martin Bucer’s missiological and unitive strategy centered on the doctrine of justification. While providing a brief survey of Bucer’s career in Strasbourg, this chapter highlights Bucer’s unitive program based on the idea that if agreement was achieved on this doctrine, then other more peripheral matters could be tolerated. In addition, he believed that agreement on justification would result in a slow reformation from within.Less
Chapter 2 elucidates Martin Bucer’s missiological and unitive strategy centered on the doctrine of justification. While providing a brief survey of Bucer’s career in Strasbourg, this chapter highlights Bucer’s unitive program based on the idea that if agreement was achieved on this doctrine, then other more peripheral matters could be tolerated. In addition, he believed that agreement on justification would result in a slow reformation from within.
Brice Dickson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199571383
- eISBN:
- 9780191721854
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571383.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
Any examination of the role played by the European Convention on Human Rights in the conflict of Northern Ireland has to begin with an account of the origins and content of the Convention and with an ...
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Any examination of the role played by the European Convention on Human Rights in the conflict of Northern Ireland has to begin with an account of the origins and content of the Convention and with an outline of the situation prevailing in Northern Ireland at the time the Convention came on the scene. This chapter examines the first case taken to Strasbourg that was connected with the conflict in Northern Ireland and then looks at early attempts from within Northern Ireland itself to have recourse to Convention rights. These were challenges to religious and political discrimination, unacceptable police and army behaviour, and the impact of retrospective legislation. The chapter aims to convey how, for the first quarter century of its applicability in Northern Ireland, the European Convention was fumbled with rather than wholeheartedly embraced. This fumbling occurred mostly in Strasbourg, where the Convention was still being handled very tentatively regardless of the origins of the cases brought there for consideration, but there was also some clumsiness on the part of the applicants and their legal advisers.Less
Any examination of the role played by the European Convention on Human Rights in the conflict of Northern Ireland has to begin with an account of the origins and content of the Convention and with an outline of the situation prevailing in Northern Ireland at the time the Convention came on the scene. This chapter examines the first case taken to Strasbourg that was connected with the conflict in Northern Ireland and then looks at early attempts from within Northern Ireland itself to have recourse to Convention rights. These were challenges to religious and political discrimination, unacceptable police and army behaviour, and the impact of retrospective legislation. The chapter aims to convey how, for the first quarter century of its applicability in Northern Ireland, the European Convention was fumbled with rather than wholeheartedly embraced. This fumbling occurred mostly in Strasbourg, where the Convention was still being handled very tentatively regardless of the origins of the cases brought there for consideration, but there was also some clumsiness on the part of the applicants and their legal advisers.
David C. Steinmetz
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195130485
- eISBN:
- 9780199869008
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195130480.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Geiler von Kaysersberg was a famous preacher in the city of Strasbourg who lived in the period before Reformation. This chapter compares Geiler's theory of preaching, which linked preaching to the ...
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Geiler von Kaysersberg was a famous preacher in the city of Strasbourg who lived in the period before Reformation. This chapter compares Geiler's theory of preaching, which linked preaching to the sacrament of penance, to the emerging Protestant theology of preaching, which linked it to Martin Luther's dynamic theology of the word.Less
Geiler von Kaysersberg was a famous preacher in the city of Strasbourg who lived in the period before Reformation. This chapter compares Geiler's theory of preaching, which linked preaching to the sacrament of penance, to the emerging Protestant theology of preaching, which linked it to Martin Luther's dynamic theology of the word.
John Merriman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195072532
- eISBN:
- 9780199867790
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195072532.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This final chapter describes and analyzes the gradual victory of state centralization over recurrent municipal claims of authority over the commissaires de police. It takes as its central example the ...
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This final chapter describes and analyzes the gradual victory of state centralization over recurrent municipal claims of authority over the commissaires de police. It takes as its central example the case of Lyon, then France's second city, where a series of mayors put forth claims that the municipality, which paid the police out of the municipal budget, should be the predominant authority over municipal police, and not the prefect. Toulouse and Strasbourg provide similar examples. In the end, state centralization, and thus the central government and its chief authority in each département, won out.Less
This final chapter describes and analyzes the gradual victory of state centralization over recurrent municipal claims of authority over the commissaires de police. It takes as its central example the case of Lyon, then France's second city, where a series of mayors put forth claims that the municipality, which paid the police out of the municipal budget, should be the predominant authority over municipal police, and not the prefect. Toulouse and Strasbourg provide similar examples. In the end, state centralization, and thus the central government and its chief authority in each département, won out.
Ardis Butterfield
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199574865
- eISBN:
- 9780191722127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574865.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature, European Literature
This revisits the symbolic importance attached to language and stories of national origin in some of the earliest examples of written ‘English’ and ‘French’ – the former, on Hengist and Horsa, ...
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This revisits the symbolic importance attached to language and stories of national origin in some of the earliest examples of written ‘English’ and ‘French’ – the former, on Hengist and Horsa, actually written in French and the latter, the so‐called Strasbourg Oaths, in a hybrid mixture of Latin and vernacular. It then considers the linguistic mobility of French in England and on the continent in the thirteenth century. It argues, by means of recent linguistic research, that Anglo‐Norman is a misleading term, and should be replaced by the broader Anglo‐French: once we learn to look at French across both sides of the Channel, in England and in different areas of France, older, rigid models of dialect and linguistic change seem inadequate to describe the ways in which both ‘French’ and ‘Anglo‐French’ fragment under scrutiny into shifting, porous and, most importantly, shared instances of language variation.Less
This revisits the symbolic importance attached to language and stories of national origin in some of the earliest examples of written ‘English’ and ‘French’ – the former, on Hengist and Horsa, actually written in French and the latter, the so‐called Strasbourg Oaths, in a hybrid mixture of Latin and vernacular. It then considers the linguistic mobility of French in England and on the continent in the thirteenth century. It argues, by means of recent linguistic research, that Anglo‐Norman is a misleading term, and should be replaced by the broader Anglo‐French: once we learn to look at French across both sides of the Channel, in England and in different areas of France, older, rigid models of dialect and linguistic change seem inadequate to describe the ways in which both ‘French’ and ‘Anglo‐French’ fragment under scrutiny into shifting, porous and, most importantly, shared instances of language variation.
Robin CA White
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199219032
- eISBN:
- 9780191711862
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199219032.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law
This chapter focuses on the relationship between the Strasbourg Court and the European Court of Justice. Specifically, it addresses the question of whether mutual respect between the two Courts is ...
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This chapter focuses on the relationship between the Strasbourg Court and the European Court of Justice. Specifically, it addresses the question of whether mutual respect between the two Courts is enough to secure guarantees for the protection of human rights in the European Union. It is argued that it is sufficient in the current state of development of the protection of human rights by international organizations, but nevertheless leaves a human rights deficit. This refers to areas where there is no judicial supervision of compliance with human rights obligations.Less
This chapter focuses on the relationship between the Strasbourg Court and the European Court of Justice. Specifically, it addresses the question of whether mutual respect between the two Courts is enough to secure guarantees for the protection of human rights in the European Union. It is argued that it is sufficient in the current state of development of the protection of human rights by international organizations, but nevertheless leaves a human rights deficit. This refers to areas where there is no judicial supervision of compliance with human rights obligations.
Debra Kaplan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804774420
- eISBN:
- 9780804779050
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804774420.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
This book is a history of Jewish–Christian interactions in early modern Strasbourg, a city from which the Jews had been expelled and banned from residence in the late fourteenth century. It shows ...
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This book is a history of Jewish–Christian interactions in early modern Strasbourg, a city from which the Jews had been expelled and banned from residence in the late fourteenth century. It shows that the Jews who remained in the Alsatian countryside continued to maintain relationships with the city and its residents in the ensuing period. During most of the sixteenth century, Jews entered Strasbourg on a daily basis, where they participated in the city's markets, litigated in its courts, and shared their knowledge of Hebrew and Judaica with Protestant Reformers. By the end of the sixteenth century, Strasbourg became an increasingly orthodox Lutheran city, and city magistrates and religious leaders sought to curtail contact between Jews and Christians. The book unearths the active Jewish participation in early modern society, traces the impact of the Reformation on local Jews, discusses the meaning of tolerance, and describes the shifting boundaries that divided Jewish and Christian communities.Less
This book is a history of Jewish–Christian interactions in early modern Strasbourg, a city from which the Jews had been expelled and banned from residence in the late fourteenth century. It shows that the Jews who remained in the Alsatian countryside continued to maintain relationships with the city and its residents in the ensuing period. During most of the sixteenth century, Jews entered Strasbourg on a daily basis, where they participated in the city's markets, litigated in its courts, and shared their knowledge of Hebrew and Judaica with Protestant Reformers. By the end of the sixteenth century, Strasbourg became an increasingly orthodox Lutheran city, and city magistrates and religious leaders sought to curtail contact between Jews and Christians. The book unearths the active Jewish participation in early modern society, traces the impact of the Reformation on local Jews, discusses the meaning of tolerance, and describes the shifting boundaries that divided Jewish and Christian communities.
John V. Tolan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032221
- eISBN:
- 9780813038964
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032221.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History
This chapter discusses an account of Burchard of Strasbourg of his travels from Cairo to Damascus in a bid to negotiate an alliance with Saladin. Along with his numerous descriptions of the things he ...
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This chapter discusses an account of Burchard of Strasbourg of his travels from Cairo to Damascus in a bid to negotiate an alliance with Saladin. Along with his numerous descriptions of the things he saw during his journey, Burchard narrates his pilgrimage to two holy sites devoted to the Virgin Mary: Matariyya, which is near Cairo, and Saydnâyâ, which is near Damascus. In this account Burchard explains that Muslims believe Mary was a holy virgin who miraculously gave birth to Jesus, a great prophet. This is why Muslims show such devotion to her, and why they extend respect to Christians living throughout their land.Less
This chapter discusses an account of Burchard of Strasbourg of his travels from Cairo to Damascus in a bid to negotiate an alliance with Saladin. Along with his numerous descriptions of the things he saw during his journey, Burchard narrates his pilgrimage to two holy sites devoted to the Virgin Mary: Matariyya, which is near Cairo, and Saydnâyâ, which is near Damascus. In this account Burchard explains that Muslims believe Mary was a holy virgin who miraculously gave birth to Jesus, a great prophet. This is why Muslims show such devotion to her, and why they extend respect to Christians living throughout their land.
Tom Scott
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206446
- eISBN:
- 9780191677120
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206446.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, Economic History
Strasbourg, the regional metropolis of the Upper Rhine, was severely shaken by the collapse in 1559 of the French financial consortium, the Grand Parti, in which its merchants had invested heavily. ...
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Strasbourg, the regional metropolis of the Upper Rhine, was severely shaken by the collapse in 1559 of the French financial consortium, the Grand Parti, in which its merchants had invested heavily. In its wake many of Strasbourg's merchant families tumbled into bankruptcy in a domino effect over the next two decades, at a time when the city's wine trade was also being exposed to the winds of competition. In the case of Switzerland, the downturn can be measured by the decrease in toll receipts from the 1560s in places such as Schaffhausen, Lucerne, or Olten, with textile manufacturing languishing at the same time in major centres such as Zürich and St. Gallen. To the economic recession of the later sixteenth century were soon to be added the calamities of the Thirty Years War. This chapter investigates whether the decline in the economic vitality of the Upper Rhine during the sixteenth century can be attributed to a waning sense of regional economic solidarity.Less
Strasbourg, the regional metropolis of the Upper Rhine, was severely shaken by the collapse in 1559 of the French financial consortium, the Grand Parti, in which its merchants had invested heavily. In its wake many of Strasbourg's merchant families tumbled into bankruptcy in a domino effect over the next two decades, at a time when the city's wine trade was also being exposed to the winds of competition. In the case of Switzerland, the downturn can be measured by the decrease in toll receipts from the 1560s in places such as Schaffhausen, Lucerne, or Olten, with textile manufacturing languishing at the same time in major centres such as Zürich and St. Gallen. To the economic recession of the later sixteenth century were soon to be added the calamities of the Thirty Years War. This chapter investigates whether the decline in the economic vitality of the Upper Rhine during the sixteenth century can be attributed to a waning sense of regional economic solidarity.
Jacques Derrida
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780823256488
- eISBN:
- 9780823261352
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823256488.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
For Strasbourg: Conversations of Friendship and Philosophy consists of four essays and interviews by French philosopher and literary theorist Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) about the city of Strasbourg ...
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For Strasbourg: Conversations of Friendship and Philosophy consists of four essays and interviews by French philosopher and literary theorist Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) about the city of Strasbourg and the philosophical friendships he developed there over a forty year period. Written just months before his death, the opening essay of the collection, “The place name(s): Strasbourg,” recounts in great detail, and often in very moving terms, Derrida's deep attachment to this French city on the border between France and Germany. More than just a personal narrative, however, it is a profound interrogation of the relationship between philosophy and place, philosophy and language, and philosophy and friendship. As such, it raises a series of philosophical, political, and ethical questions that might all be placed under the aegis of what Derrida once called “philosophical nationalities and nationalism.” The other three texts included here are long interviews/conversations between Derrida and his two principal interlocutors in Strasbourg, Jean-Luc Nancy and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe. These interviews are significant both for the themes they focus on (language, politics, friendship, death, life after death, and so on) and for what they reveal about Derrida's relationships to Nancy and Lacoue-Labarthe. Filled with sharp insights into one another's work and peppered with personal anecdotes and humor, they bear witness to the decades-long intellectual friendships of these three important contemporary thinkers. This collection stands as a reminder of and testimony to Derrida's relationship to Strasbourg and to the two thinkers most closely associated with that city.Less
For Strasbourg: Conversations of Friendship and Philosophy consists of four essays and interviews by French philosopher and literary theorist Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) about the city of Strasbourg and the philosophical friendships he developed there over a forty year period. Written just months before his death, the opening essay of the collection, “The place name(s): Strasbourg,” recounts in great detail, and often in very moving terms, Derrida's deep attachment to this French city on the border between France and Germany. More than just a personal narrative, however, it is a profound interrogation of the relationship between philosophy and place, philosophy and language, and philosophy and friendship. As such, it raises a series of philosophical, political, and ethical questions that might all be placed under the aegis of what Derrida once called “philosophical nationalities and nationalism.” The other three texts included here are long interviews/conversations between Derrida and his two principal interlocutors in Strasbourg, Jean-Luc Nancy and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe. These interviews are significant both for the themes they focus on (language, politics, friendship, death, life after death, and so on) and for what they reveal about Derrida's relationships to Nancy and Lacoue-Labarthe. Filled with sharp insights into one another's work and peppered with personal anecdotes and humor, they bear witness to the decades-long intellectual friendships of these three important contemporary thinkers. This collection stands as a reminder of and testimony to Derrida's relationship to Strasbourg and to the two thinkers most closely associated with that city.
John F. Drinkwater
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199295685
- eISBN:
- 9780191711718
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199295685.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter deals with Romano-Alamannic conflict in the period when Julian campaigned in Gaul. The great interest in his activities shown by the sources and Julian's own writings provide the best ...
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This chapter deals with Romano-Alamannic conflict in the period when Julian campaigned in Gaul. The great interest in his activities shown by the sources and Julian's own writings provide the best extant evidence for Roman exploitation of the ‘Germanic threat’. Hostility between Julian and Constantius II's senior general in the west prevented a peaceful resolution of the earlier Alamannic incursions and allowed Julian, in need of a military reputation, deliberately to provoke the Alamanni to unite to fight him at Strasbourg in 357. They lost, and in 357, 358, 359 and 360, Julian continued to harass Franks and Alamanni to build up his strength ready for the inevitable confrontation with Constantius II. Remarkable in this is how close Julian remained to the Rhine until, still ‘pacifying’ Alamanni, he moved eastwards in 361.Less
This chapter deals with Romano-Alamannic conflict in the period when Julian campaigned in Gaul. The great interest in his activities shown by the sources and Julian's own writings provide the best extant evidence for Roman exploitation of the ‘Germanic threat’. Hostility between Julian and Constantius II's senior general in the west prevented a peaceful resolution of the earlier Alamannic incursions and allowed Julian, in need of a military reputation, deliberately to provoke the Alamanni to unite to fight him at Strasbourg in 357. They lost, and in 357, 358, 359 and 360, Julian continued to harass Franks and Alamanni to build up his strength ready for the inevitable confrontation with Constantius II. Remarkable in this is how close Julian remained to the Rhine until, still ‘pacifying’ Alamanni, he moved eastwards in 361.
Alyssa Goldstein Sepinwall
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520241800
- eISBN:
- 9780520931091
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520241800.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter begins its journey in Lorraine, four decades before the Revolution, where a child named Baptiste Henry was born to modest artisans named Bastien Grégoire and Marguerite Thiébaut. Aided ...
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This chapter begins its journey in Lorraine, four decades before the Revolution, where a child named Baptiste Henry was born to modest artisans named Bastien Grégoire and Marguerite Thiébaut. Aided by scholarships and endowed with unusual intelligence, young Henri exhausted every opportunity he received for schooling and soon asked his teachers to place him in a religious seminary. Henri, however, was not only an aspiring cleric but also an ambitious provincial intellectual. Even while training in the church, Henri Grégoire vied for notoriety in the provincial academies and societies that were so important to late eighteenth-century intellectual life; an extrovert, his search for good conversation also led him to make myriad friends. Though previous biographies have overlooked this, he was to he particularly influenced by a quasi-Masonic group called the Société des Philantropes of Strasbourg.Less
This chapter begins its journey in Lorraine, four decades before the Revolution, where a child named Baptiste Henry was born to modest artisans named Bastien Grégoire and Marguerite Thiébaut. Aided by scholarships and endowed with unusual intelligence, young Henri exhausted every opportunity he received for schooling and soon asked his teachers to place him in a religious seminary. Henri, however, was not only an aspiring cleric but also an ambitious provincial intellectual. Even while training in the church, Henri Grégoire vied for notoriety in the provincial academies and societies that were so important to late eighteenth-century intellectual life; an extrovert, his search for good conversation also led him to make myriad friends. Though previous biographies have overlooked this, he was to he particularly influenced by a quasi-Masonic group called the Société des Philantropes of Strasbourg.
Daniel L. Purdy
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801476761
- eISBN:
- 9780801460050
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801476761.003.0007
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural Theory and Criticism
This chapter argues that Goethe's praise of the Gothic Strasbourg cathedral in his 1772 essay, “On German Architecture,” stands in opposition to the reigning canon of architectural taste, as does his ...
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This chapter argues that Goethe's praise of the Gothic Strasbourg cathedral in his 1772 essay, “On German Architecture,” stands in opposition to the reigning canon of architectural taste, as does his rejection of his father's classicizing tendency, yet Goethe's paean to the cathedral recuperates terms from classical architectural theory, raising the question of whether the poet ultimately affirms the paternal aesthetic he so passionately rejects. His engagement with architecture turns around the question of the individual's capacity to assert himself within an arena that claims to have already determined him. The essay on the cathedral includes a struggle with the aesthetic canon of the day, his father's comprehensive and highly classical pedagogy, and Goethe's own uncertainty as an artist.Less
This chapter argues that Goethe's praise of the Gothic Strasbourg cathedral in his 1772 essay, “On German Architecture,” stands in opposition to the reigning canon of architectural taste, as does his rejection of his father's classicizing tendency, yet Goethe's paean to the cathedral recuperates terms from classical architectural theory, raising the question of whether the poet ultimately affirms the paternal aesthetic he so passionately rejects. His engagement with architecture turns around the question of the individual's capacity to assert himself within an arena that claims to have already determined him. The essay on the cathedral includes a struggle with the aesthetic canon of the day, his father's comprehensive and highly classical pedagogy, and Goethe's own uncertainty as an artist.
REX AHDAR and IAN LEIGH
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253623
- eISBN:
- 9780191719769
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253623.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
In liberal democracies, one is unlikely to hear a principled case for religious intolerance, disabilities, and persecution. However, state and societal practices in many contemporary Islamic states ...
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In liberal democracies, one is unlikely to hear a principled case for religious intolerance, disabilities, and persecution. However, state and societal practices in many contemporary Islamic states are a reminder that religious liberty in the most fundamental sense cannot be taken for granted as the birthright of modern societies — even those which have entered international legal commitments affirming freedom of religion. This chapter first considers the broad nature of religious freedom and briefly outlines the various constitutional laws that confer protection for religious liberty in different nations such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, as well as the guarantees in international law for religious rights. The chapter concludes by exploring the difficult question of how ‘religion’ is defined based on three approaches: the subjective-functional approach, the substantive-content approach, and the Strasbourg approach.Less
In liberal democracies, one is unlikely to hear a principled case for religious intolerance, disabilities, and persecution. However, state and societal practices in many contemporary Islamic states are a reminder that religious liberty in the most fundamental sense cannot be taken for granted as the birthright of modern societies — even those which have entered international legal commitments affirming freedom of religion. This chapter first considers the broad nature of religious freedom and briefly outlines the various constitutional laws that confer protection for religious liberty in different nations such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, as well as the guarantees in international law for religious rights. The chapter concludes by exploring the difficult question of how ‘religion’ is defined based on three approaches: the subjective-functional approach, the substantive-content approach, and the Strasbourg approach.
Ed Bates
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199207992
- eISBN:
- 9780191728440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207992.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, EU Law
This chapter analyses the early history of the Convention, focusing as it does on the situation of the Strasbourg institutions in the 1950s, 1960s, and up to the early 1970s. It starts by discussing ...
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This chapter analyses the early history of the Convention, focusing as it does on the situation of the Strasbourg institutions in the 1950s, 1960s, and up to the early 1970s. It starts by discussing the period up until 1965, when, it seems, there seemed little hope that the Convention system would flourish. The chapter includes an in-depth analysis of the importance of the early case law: Greece v United Kingdom; Lawless v Ireland; De Becker v Belgium, and the ‘Belgian Linguistics’ case. With these cases the Strasbourg institutions revealed their potential to become, in effect, quasi-constitutional bodies. The chapter examines the background to the United Kingdom's decision to accept the Convention's optional clauses in 1966, and then it addresses some of the most important case law that arose after that, most notably the ‘East African Asians’ case. The Court's case law in the late 1960s and early 1970s is also considered for its significance. The concluding section reflects upon the importance of these early years, in that they set the foundations to the subsequent evolution of the Convention. It suggests that by the early 1970s there was a mood developing, manifested in various statements made by outside commentators, that it was time for the Strasbourg institutions to take a more activist approach to their functions. The last section of the chapter discusses the significance of the two best known ‘inter-state’ cases from this period: the ‘Greek’ case and Ireland v United Kingdom.Less
This chapter analyses the early history of the Convention, focusing as it does on the situation of the Strasbourg institutions in the 1950s, 1960s, and up to the early 1970s. It starts by discussing the period up until 1965, when, it seems, there seemed little hope that the Convention system would flourish. The chapter includes an in-depth analysis of the importance of the early case law: Greece v United Kingdom; Lawless v Ireland; De Becker v Belgium, and the ‘Belgian Linguistics’ case. With these cases the Strasbourg institutions revealed their potential to become, in effect, quasi-constitutional bodies. The chapter examines the background to the United Kingdom's decision to accept the Convention's optional clauses in 1966, and then it addresses some of the most important case law that arose after that, most notably the ‘East African Asians’ case. The Court's case law in the late 1960s and early 1970s is also considered for its significance. The concluding section reflects upon the importance of these early years, in that they set the foundations to the subsequent evolution of the Convention. It suggests that by the early 1970s there was a mood developing, manifested in various statements made by outside commentators, that it was time for the Strasbourg institutions to take a more activist approach to their functions. The last section of the chapter discusses the significance of the two best known ‘inter-state’ cases from this period: the ‘Greek’ case and Ireland v United Kingdom.
Joshua Rozenberg
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199288472
- eISBN:
- 9780191700507
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288472.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
Freedom of expression is one of the essential foundations of a democratic society. That was said by the European Court of Human Rights as long ago as 1976; the judges who put their name to this ...
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Freedom of expression is one of the essential foundations of a democratic society. That was said by the European Court of Human Rights as long ago as 1976; the judges who put their name to this resounding principle argued that although free speech can never be an absolute right, any restrictions must be as limited as possible. The case in which the Strasbourg judges saluted free speech without actually upholding it was brought against the British government by a publisher named Richard Handyside, who acquired the English rights to a handbook aimed at children aged twelve and upwards. Its title, redolent of Chairman Mao, was The Little Red Schoolbook and, tellingly, it was to appear on April 1, 1971. The book carried an introduction headed ‘All grown-ups are paper tigers’ along with a number of passages on sex and drugs (if not rock and roll). Since the Human Rights Act of 1998 requires English courts to ‘take into account’ Strasbourg decisions, the judges are now grappling with what is, to them, the novel concept of proportionality.Less
Freedom of expression is one of the essential foundations of a democratic society. That was said by the European Court of Human Rights as long ago as 1976; the judges who put their name to this resounding principle argued that although free speech can never be an absolute right, any restrictions must be as limited as possible. The case in which the Strasbourg judges saluted free speech without actually upholding it was brought against the British government by a publisher named Richard Handyside, who acquired the English rights to a handbook aimed at children aged twelve and upwards. Its title, redolent of Chairman Mao, was The Little Red Schoolbook and, tellingly, it was to appear on April 1, 1971. The book carried an introduction headed ‘All grown-ups are paper tigers’ along with a number of passages on sex and drugs (if not rock and roll). Since the Human Rights Act of 1998 requires English courts to ‘take into account’ Strasbourg decisions, the judges are now grappling with what is, to them, the novel concept of proportionality.
Michael Tugendhat
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- February 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198790990
- eISBN:
- 9780191833403
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198790990.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This short history of human rights for lawyers, and others interested in history and politics, shows that they are British rights, not because Britons invented these ‘rights of mankind’, but because ...
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This short history of human rights for lawyers, and others interested in history and politics, shows that they are British rights, not because Britons invented these ‘rights of mankind’, but because at home and in America, they were more successful than other peoples in the struggle for liberty. It explains the reasons given to justify the recognition of these rights, citing mainly from Blackstone’s Commentaries of the Laws of England, but also from Paine, Burke, Hume, Milton, Coke, St German, More, Fortescue, and others, together with American and French sources. Each of the rights set out in the Virginia Declaration of Rights 1776, the Déclaration des Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen de 1789 (Declaration of Human and Civic Rights of 26 August 1789, or Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen), and American Bill of Rights of 1791, is compared to the corresponding rights that were then (and in most cases had long been) recognized in England. The emphasis is on the common law. It shows the influence of human rights on the British revolutions of 1642 and 1688, the American and French Revolutions in 1776 and 1789, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, the European Convention on Human Rights 1950, and the Human Rights Act 1998. The book shows how these rights have been put to different uses by judges, Parliament, governments, and, most importantly, by peoples. There is a brief discussion of the effect of the Human Rights Act on English law.Less
This short history of human rights for lawyers, and others interested in history and politics, shows that they are British rights, not because Britons invented these ‘rights of mankind’, but because at home and in America, they were more successful than other peoples in the struggle for liberty. It explains the reasons given to justify the recognition of these rights, citing mainly from Blackstone’s Commentaries of the Laws of England, but also from Paine, Burke, Hume, Milton, Coke, St German, More, Fortescue, and others, together with American and French sources. Each of the rights set out in the Virginia Declaration of Rights 1776, the Déclaration des Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen de 1789 (Declaration of Human and Civic Rights of 26 August 1789, or Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen), and American Bill of Rights of 1791, is compared to the corresponding rights that were then (and in most cases had long been) recognized in England. The emphasis is on the common law. It shows the influence of human rights on the British revolutions of 1642 and 1688, the American and French Revolutions in 1776 and 1789, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, the European Convention on Human Rights 1950, and the Human Rights Act 1998. The book shows how these rights have been put to different uses by judges, Parliament, governments, and, most importantly, by peoples. There is a brief discussion of the effect of the Human Rights Act on English law.
Conor Gearty
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199287222
- eISBN:
- 9780191700422
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199287222.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter is concerned with the approach that should be adopted when the case before the courts is one in which a Convention right is ...
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This chapter is concerned with the approach that should be adopted when the case before the courts is one in which a Convention right is engaged. It looks at the atmosphere of the case, and the policy or the institutional background against which the right is scrutinized and applied. Taking as an example the case of Mrs. Pretty, who suffered from a motor neurone disease with no hope of recovery, the first section looks at the separation of powers and the Human Rights Act. The second section examines when judges should act, looking at the lessons from the Strasbourg case law. The third section explores judicial restraint under the Human Rights Act. The fourth section looks at the engaging principle under the Human Rights Act.Less
This chapter is concerned with the approach that should be adopted when the case before the courts is one in which a Convention right is engaged. It looks at the atmosphere of the case, and the policy or the institutional background against which the right is scrutinized and applied. Taking as an example the case of Mrs. Pretty, who suffered from a motor neurone disease with no hope of recovery, the first section looks at the separation of powers and the Human Rights Act. The second section examines when judges should act, looking at the lessons from the Strasbourg case law. The third section explores judicial restraint under the Human Rights Act. The fourth section looks at the engaging principle under the Human Rights Act.
