T. A. Cavanaugh
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199272198
- eISBN:
- 9780191604157
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199272190.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter presents the history of DER, considering Aquinas’s originating account and closely tracing the development of double effect through subsequent moralists up to the 19th century Jesuit ...
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This chapter presents the history of DER, considering Aquinas’s originating account and closely tracing the development of double effect through subsequent moralists up to the 19th century Jesuit J.P. Gury, who proposed the standard modern version. Over the six centuries separating Aquinas and Gury, ethicists expanded the number of cases considered by DER and further articulated its grounds in action theory, arriving at double-effect criteria as generally applicable to relevant cases. These criteria, their import, order, relation to one another, necessity, and sufficiency are analyzed, and revisions are proposed.Less
This chapter presents the history of DER, considering Aquinas’s originating account and closely tracing the development of double effect through subsequent moralists up to the 19th century Jesuit J.P. Gury, who proposed the standard modern version. Over the six centuries separating Aquinas and Gury, ethicists expanded the number of cases considered by DER and further articulated its grounds in action theory, arriving at double-effect criteria as generally applicable to relevant cases. These criteria, their import, order, relation to one another, necessity, and sufficiency are analyzed, and revisions are proposed.
Stewart J. Brown
- Published in print:
- 1983
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192131140
- eISBN:
- 9780191670039
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192131140.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity, Church History
The Church of Scotland in Glasgow remained virtually silent about social suffering and it divisiveness and the breakdown of traditional relationships within the social order. One of the results of ...
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The Church of Scotland in Glasgow remained virtually silent about social suffering and it divisiveness and the breakdown of traditional relationships within the social order. One of the results of the decline of parish institutions in Glasgow was the increasing role of the voluntary association in social welfare matters. Chalmers was not confident with the voluntary associations. At the same time as he revived the office of the visiting elder, he also drew upon lay assistance for a parish educational programme. Early in December 1816, he instituted the first parish sabbath-day society in Glasgow. He achieved considerable success in educating his upper-class lay visitors on his social views, particularly to the importance of encouraging the poor to help themselves, rather than patronizing them with charity in the manner of a voluntary philanthropic society. This chapter presents Chalmers's St. John system.Less
The Church of Scotland in Glasgow remained virtually silent about social suffering and it divisiveness and the breakdown of traditional relationships within the social order. One of the results of the decline of parish institutions in Glasgow was the increasing role of the voluntary association in social welfare matters. Chalmers was not confident with the voluntary associations. At the same time as he revived the office of the visiting elder, he also drew upon lay assistance for a parish educational programme. Early in December 1816, he instituted the first parish sabbath-day society in Glasgow. He achieved considerable success in educating his upper-class lay visitors on his social views, particularly to the importance of encouraging the poor to help themselves, rather than patronizing them with charity in the manner of a voluntary philanthropic society. This chapter presents Chalmers's St. John system.
David Dowland
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269298
- eISBN:
- 9780191683589
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269298.003.0016
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, History of Christianity
This chapter discusses the college of St Aidan, a college founded by the Protestant Joseph Baylee and which met many criticisms due to its assumed puritan and partisan management. In 1869, the St ...
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This chapter discusses the college of St Aidan, a college founded by the Protestant Joseph Baylee and which met many criticisms due to its assumed puritan and partisan management. In 1869, the St Aidan's College was reopened with a new Council which placed it on moderately but still strongly Evangelical lines. There was a shift in the management in 1891, but due to the increasing fears for the state of the College, St Aidan was given to Tait, a Cambridge graduate who established it as a Protestant college. The chapter also discusses the college of St John's, Highbury, opened by Evangelicals in an attempt to remedy the apparently High-Church domination of theological education in new Cathedral colleges and in Oxford. This new institution was characterized by its strictly Protestant and Evangelical views and membership. These two Evangelical colleges created a social composition wherein non-graduates of the suburban middle classes were accepted in the Colleges. The two colleges also pioneered Church methods and ideals which was significant in the increasingly industrial world. Although these marginal colleges were allied with powerful social trends, they remained unfashionable for the decades to come.Less
This chapter discusses the college of St Aidan, a college founded by the Protestant Joseph Baylee and which met many criticisms due to its assumed puritan and partisan management. In 1869, the St Aidan's College was reopened with a new Council which placed it on moderately but still strongly Evangelical lines. There was a shift in the management in 1891, but due to the increasing fears for the state of the College, St Aidan was given to Tait, a Cambridge graduate who established it as a Protestant college. The chapter also discusses the college of St John's, Highbury, opened by Evangelicals in an attempt to remedy the apparently High-Church domination of theological education in new Cathedral colleges and in Oxford. This new institution was characterized by its strictly Protestant and Evangelical views and membership. These two Evangelical colleges created a social composition wherein non-graduates of the suburban middle classes were accepted in the Colleges. The two colleges also pioneered Church methods and ideals which was significant in the increasingly industrial world. Although these marginal colleges were allied with powerful social trends, they remained unfashionable for the decades to come.
GREGORY O’MALLEY
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253791
- eISBN:
- 9780191719820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253791.003.01
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This introductory chapter offers a short history of the Hospital of St John from its foundation in the 11th century to the siege of Malta in 1565, looking at its organisation, its Hospitaller and ...
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This introductory chapter offers a short history of the Hospital of St John from its foundation in the 11th century to the siege of Malta in 1565, looking at its organisation, its Hospitaller and spiritual functions, its administration and defence of Rhodes and the Dodecanese, its role in the crusades, and its ejection from Rhodes and relocation to Malta. It is followed by an introduction to the organisation of the Hospitaller priories of England and Ireland, their position in society, and to the role of the English langue in the order's central convent in the east. There is also a discussion of the documentary sources for the langue's history in Malta and the British Isles, together with an examination of the strengths and weaknesses of the existing secondary literature concerning the order's history and archaeology.Less
This introductory chapter offers a short history of the Hospital of St John from its foundation in the 11th century to the siege of Malta in 1565, looking at its organisation, its Hospitaller and spiritual functions, its administration and defence of Rhodes and the Dodecanese, its role in the crusades, and its ejection from Rhodes and relocation to Malta. It is followed by an introduction to the organisation of the Hospitaller priories of England and Ireland, their position in society, and to the role of the English langue in the order's central convent in the east. There is also a discussion of the documentary sources for the langue's history in Malta and the British Isles, together with an examination of the strengths and weaknesses of the existing secondary literature concerning the order's history and archaeology.
Daniel R. Melamed
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195169331
- eISBN:
- 9780199865376
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195169331.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
Johann Sebastian Bach's two surviving passions—St. John and St. Matthew—are an essential part of the modern repertory, performed regularly both by professional ensembles and amateur groups. These ...
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Johann Sebastian Bach's two surviving passions—St. John and St. Matthew—are an essential part of the modern repertory, performed regularly both by professional ensembles and amateur groups. These large, complex pieces are well-loved; but because of our distance from the original context in which they were performed, questions and problems emerge. Bach wrote the passions for a particular liturgical event at a specific time and place; we hear them hundreds of years later, often a world away and usually in concert performances. They were performed with vocal and instrumental forces deployed according to early 18th century conceptions; we usually hear them now as the pinnacle of the choral/orchestral repertory, adapted to modern forces and conventions. In Bach's time, passion settings were revised, altered, and tampered with both by their composers and by other musicians who used them. Today, we tend to regard them as having fixed texts, to be treated with respect. Their music was sometimes recycled from other compositions, or reused itself for other purposes. We have trouble imagining the familiar material of Bach's passion settings in any other guise. We can learn about these issues by exploring the sources that transmit Bach's passion settings today, performance practice (including the question of the size of Bach's ensemble), delving into the passions as dramatic music, examining the problem of multiple versions of a work and the reconstruction of lost pieces, exploring the other passions in Bach's performing repertory, and sifting through the puzzle of authorship.Less
Johann Sebastian Bach's two surviving passions—St. John and St. Matthew—are an essential part of the modern repertory, performed regularly both by professional ensembles and amateur groups. These large, complex pieces are well-loved; but because of our distance from the original context in which they were performed, questions and problems emerge. Bach wrote the passions for a particular liturgical event at a specific time and place; we hear them hundreds of years later, often a world away and usually in concert performances. They were performed with vocal and instrumental forces deployed according to early 18th century conceptions; we usually hear them now as the pinnacle of the choral/orchestral repertory, adapted to modern forces and conventions. In Bach's time, passion settings were revised, altered, and tampered with both by their composers and by other musicians who used them. Today, we tend to regard them as having fixed texts, to be treated with respect. Their music was sometimes recycled from other compositions, or reused itself for other purposes. We have trouble imagining the familiar material of Bach's passion settings in any other guise. We can learn about these issues by exploring the sources that transmit Bach's passion settings today, performance practice (including the question of the size of Bach's ensemble), delving into the passions as dramatic music, examining the problem of multiple versions of a work and the reconstruction of lost pieces, exploring the other passions in Bach's performing repertory, and sifting through the puzzle of authorship.
Natasha O'Hear
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199590100
- eISBN:
- 9780191725678
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590100.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The Van Fycks' The Ghent Altarpiece (c. 1432) and Memling's Apocalypse panel, itself part of his St. John Altarpiece of 1474–9. form the focus of Chapter 3. Key imagery from the Book of Revelation is ...
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The Van Fycks' The Ghent Altarpiece (c. 1432) and Memling's Apocalypse panel, itself part of his St. John Altarpiece of 1474–9. form the focus of Chapter 3. Key imagery from the Book of Revelation is integrated into the overall iconographie schema of The Ghent Altarpiece while Memling's Apocalypse panel represents the first known synchronic presentation of chapters 1–13 of the Book of Revelation. In hermeneutical terms therefore, these two altarpieces form a marked contrast with the two works discussed in the previous chapters, which are more ‘diachronic’ in terms of their approach to the same text. Thus discussion of the altarpiece format and its Eucharistic connotations. possible influences, visual, litery, and cultural, on both sets of artists and the overall effect of their visualizations of the source‐text lies at the heart ol this chapter.Less
The Van Fycks' The Ghent Altarpiece (c. 1432) and Memling's Apocalypse panel, itself part of his St. John Altarpiece of 1474–9. form the focus of Chapter 3. Key imagery from the Book of Revelation is integrated into the overall iconographie schema of The Ghent Altarpiece while Memling's Apocalypse panel represents the first known synchronic presentation of chapters 1–13 of the Book of Revelation. In hermeneutical terms therefore, these two altarpieces form a marked contrast with the two works discussed in the previous chapters, which are more ‘diachronic’ in terms of their approach to the same text. Thus discussion of the altarpiece format and its Eucharistic connotations. possible influences, visual, litery, and cultural, on both sets of artists and the overall effect of their visualizations of the source‐text lies at the heart ol this chapter.
Cecilia A. Hatt (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270119
- eISBN:
- 9780191600609
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198270119.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
This chapter provides a short overview of the main events in Fisher's life, notably his association with Henry VII's mother, Lady Margaret Beaufort, which led to the development of various ...
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This chapter provides a short overview of the main events in Fisher's life, notably his association with Henry VII's mother, Lady Margaret Beaufort, which led to the development of various foundations within Cambridge University, including St John's College. As a theologian as well as bishop of Rochester, John Fisher engaged in anti‐Lutheran controversy in Latin and English. His opposition to Henry VIII's divorce made him unpopular at court and he was implicated in the Nun of Kent affair. He refused to swear to the Act of Supremacy and his trial and execution for treason followed in June 1535.Less
This chapter provides a short overview of the main events in Fisher's life, notably his association with Henry VII's mother, Lady Margaret Beaufort, which led to the development of various foundations within Cambridge University, including St John's College. As a theologian as well as bishop of Rochester, John Fisher engaged in anti‐Lutheran controversy in Latin and English. His opposition to Henry VIII's divorce made him unpopular at court and he was implicated in the Nun of Kent affair. He refused to swear to the Act of Supremacy and his trial and execution for treason followed in June 1535.
Gordon Kipling
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198117612
- eISBN:
- 9780191671012
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198117612.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
The Fourth Advent of Christ, according to St John, will bring about a sacramental union of the saints and Christ. In the Apocalypse, the blessed drink freely of the water of life, eat of the tree of ...
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The Fourth Advent of Christ, according to St John, will bring about a sacramental union of the saints and Christ. In the Apocalypse, the blessed drink freely of the water of life, eat of the tree of life, and live eternally in the presence of the Lord whom they serve gladly with love. The medieval civic triumph primarily stages the Fourth Advent primarily as a way of celebrating and affirming a new political regime. For the civic triumph, as a consequence of pageants such as these, the Fourth Advent mode usually produces by far the most optimistic and positive royal acclamation. The ‘flourishing’ and ‘prosperity’ that George Kernodle noticed suggest that a loving king and faithful people together might achieve something like that ‘vision of peace’ described by St John.Less
The Fourth Advent of Christ, according to St John, will bring about a sacramental union of the saints and Christ. In the Apocalypse, the blessed drink freely of the water of life, eat of the tree of life, and live eternally in the presence of the Lord whom they serve gladly with love. The medieval civic triumph primarily stages the Fourth Advent primarily as a way of celebrating and affirming a new political regime. For the civic triumph, as a consequence of pageants such as these, the Fourth Advent mode usually produces by far the most optimistic and positive royal acclamation. The ‘flourishing’ and ‘prosperity’ that George Kernodle noticed suggest that a loving king and faithful people together might achieve something like that ‘vision of peace’ described by St John.
Antoin E. Murphy
- Published in print:
- 1989
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198286820
- eISBN:
- 9780191596681
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198286821.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
Cantillon took over the Parisian‐based banking business of his cousin, the Chevalier Richard Cantillon, during the period 1714–17. One of his early transactions involved discounting a bill of ...
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Cantillon took over the Parisian‐based banking business of his cousin, the Chevalier Richard Cantillon, during the period 1714–17. One of his early transactions involved discounting a bill of exchange for the former Tory minister Bolingbroke who had fled from London to Paris.Less
Cantillon took over the Parisian‐based banking business of his cousin, the Chevalier Richard Cantillon, during the period 1714–17. One of his early transactions involved discounting a bill of exchange for the former Tory minister Bolingbroke who had fled from London to Paris.
John Casey
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195092950
- eISBN:
- 9780199869732
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195092950.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter explores the development of ideas of the afterlife amongt the ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and Jews, including accounts of ascents to heaven. The Mesopotamian earthly paradise ...
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This chapter explores the development of ideas of the afterlife amongt the ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and Jews, including accounts of ascents to heaven. The Mesopotamian earthly paradise (“Dilmun”) and its difference from the Jewish paradise is described. The philosophical Judaism of Philo of Alexandria is outlined. There follows discussion of images of heaven in the sayings and parables of Jesus, and in particular the idea that heaven is within us. St. Paul's account of the spiritual, risen body is discussed, and St. John's account of the descent of the heavenly Jerusalem.Less
This chapter explores the development of ideas of the afterlife amongt the ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and Jews, including accounts of ascents to heaven. The Mesopotamian earthly paradise (“Dilmun”) and its difference from the Jewish paradise is described. The philosophical Judaism of Philo of Alexandria is outlined. There follows discussion of images of heaven in the sayings and parables of Jesus, and in particular the idea that heaven is within us. St. Paul's account of the spiritual, risen body is discussed, and St. John's account of the descent of the heavenly Jerusalem.
BEN LEVITAS
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253432
- eISBN:
- 9780191719196
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253432.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter tracks the impact on the theatre of the radicalisation of Irish politics following the General Election of 1910. The momentary success of the Home Rule Bill (1912) is set against the ...
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This chapter tracks the impact on the theatre of the radicalisation of Irish politics following the General Election of 1910. The momentary success of the Home Rule Bill (1912) is set against the 1913 Dublin lockout and the Irish Volunteer movements. Left politics, voiced by Larkin and Connolly, are considered resonant with the theatre of Robinson, O'Kelly, St John Ervine, Thomas Murray, Fitzmaurice, and Gerald MacNamara. Left-literati alliances were re-forged against the conservative nationalism of William Martin Murphy and Griffith. The First World War drove republican logics to the fore; indicated both by the pessimism of Wilson's The Slough and the excited radicalism of MacDonagh, Eimar O'Duffy, and Patrick Pearse himself. Republicanism, indicated by Pearse's references to Ibsen and Synge, is shown as having absorbed theatrical forces of display, to be reiterated in the Easter Rising of 1916.Less
This chapter tracks the impact on the theatre of the radicalisation of Irish politics following the General Election of 1910. The momentary success of the Home Rule Bill (1912) is set against the 1913 Dublin lockout and the Irish Volunteer movements. Left politics, voiced by Larkin and Connolly, are considered resonant with the theatre of Robinson, O'Kelly, St John Ervine, Thomas Murray, Fitzmaurice, and Gerald MacNamara. Left-literati alliances were re-forged against the conservative nationalism of William Martin Murphy and Griffith. The First World War drove republican logics to the fore; indicated both by the pessimism of Wilson's The Slough and the excited radicalism of MacDonagh, Eimar O'Duffy, and Patrick Pearse himself. Republicanism, indicated by Pearse's references to Ibsen and Synge, is shown as having absorbed theatrical forces of display, to be reiterated in the Easter Rising of 1916.
Demetrios S. Katos
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199696963
- eISBN:
- 9780191731969
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199696963.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies, Church History
This chapter surveys Palladius' life from the beginning of his ascetic career to his composition of the Dialogue on the Life of St. John Chrysostom. It narrates his career among a social network of ...
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This chapter surveys Palladius' life from the beginning of his ascetic career to his composition of the Dialogue on the Life of St. John Chrysostom. It narrates his career among a social network of Origenists, such as Melania the Elder, Rufinus of Aquilea, Isidore the Presbyter, the Tall Brothers, and especially Evagrius of Pontus. It follows his peregrinations through Palestine, Alexandria, Nitria, and Cells, observes his work as a bishop in Asia Minor and as a defender of John Chrysostom that was banished to a frontier garrison. The chapter concludes with an examination of the date, provenance, and audience of the Dialogue. Palladius' emerges from this chapter not merely as a peripatetic monk, his own preferred self‐portrait, but as an ecclesiastical statesman who passionately supported the causes of his network in the most pressing controversies of his day.Less
This chapter surveys Palladius' life from the beginning of his ascetic career to his composition of the Dialogue on the Life of St. John Chrysostom. It narrates his career among a social network of Origenists, such as Melania the Elder, Rufinus of Aquilea, Isidore the Presbyter, the Tall Brothers, and especially Evagrius of Pontus. It follows his peregrinations through Palestine, Alexandria, Nitria, and Cells, observes his work as a bishop in Asia Minor and as a defender of John Chrysostom that was banished to a frontier garrison. The chapter concludes with an examination of the date, provenance, and audience of the Dialogue. Palladius' emerges from this chapter not merely as a peripatetic monk, his own preferred self‐portrait, but as an ecclesiastical statesman who passionately supported the causes of his network in the most pressing controversies of his day.
Demetrios S. Katos
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199696963
- eISBN:
- 9780191731969
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199696963.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies, Church History
This chapter argues that the Dialogue on the Life of St. John Chrysostom should be understood as a legal argument in defense of John composed in accordance with the principles of late antique ...
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This chapter argues that the Dialogue on the Life of St. John Chrysostom should be understood as a legal argument in defense of John composed in accordance with the principles of late antique judicial rhetoric found in the Art of Political Speech (Anonymous Seguerianus) and Art of Rhetoric, attributed to Apsines of Gadara. This chapter analyzes the Dialogue in terms of its four constitutive parts, namely, the introduction [proemion], narration [diegesis], argumentation [kataskeue or pistis], and conclusion [epilogos] and explains the purpose and historical value of each. This chapter reveals that Palladius used the dialogue form to mimic courtroom debate and that he subordinated all narrative elements to the argumentation. It is the argumentation that is at the very heart of the Dialogue, even though its significance has been ignored or even dismissed by most scholarship which has long viewed the dialogue as a historical or biographical narrative.Less
This chapter argues that the Dialogue on the Life of St. John Chrysostom should be understood as a legal argument in defense of John composed in accordance with the principles of late antique judicial rhetoric found in the Art of Political Speech (Anonymous Seguerianus) and Art of Rhetoric, attributed to Apsines of Gadara. This chapter analyzes the Dialogue in terms of its four constitutive parts, namely, the introduction [proemion], narration [diegesis], argumentation [kataskeue or pistis], and conclusion [epilogos] and explains the purpose and historical value of each. This chapter reveals that Palladius used the dialogue form to mimic courtroom debate and that he subordinated all narrative elements to the argumentation. It is the argumentation that is at the very heart of the Dialogue, even though its significance has been ignored or even dismissed by most scholarship which has long viewed the dialogue as a historical or biographical narrative.
Misha Klein
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813040141
- eISBN:
- 9780813043821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813040141.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
This chapter examines St. Johns II groups in the far northeastern corner of the state. Perhaps nowhere in Florida were connections to the early Mississippian world stronger than in the St. Johns ...
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This chapter examines St. Johns II groups in the far northeastern corner of the state. Perhaps nowhere in Florida were connections to the early Mississippian world stronger than in the St. Johns River valley. Highlighted by spatulate celts, copper long-nosed maskettes, and small copper plates, the spectacular Mississippi-period artifacts of the Mill Cove Complex were first brought to everyone's attention by C. B. Moore in the 1890s. This impressive list of mortuary items, combined with the fact that these St. Johns II communities were not Mississippian farmers, presents somewhat of a paradox. Eschewing a traditional prestige-goods economy interpretation that views the high-profile exotic items in mounds as instruments of power flaunted by elites, Ashley focuses more on the communal nature of ritual and mortuary ceremony and views burial mounds and grave goods as an expression of corporate identity.Less
This chapter examines St. Johns II groups in the far northeastern corner of the state. Perhaps nowhere in Florida were connections to the early Mississippian world stronger than in the St. Johns River valley. Highlighted by spatulate celts, copper long-nosed maskettes, and small copper plates, the spectacular Mississippi-period artifacts of the Mill Cove Complex were first brought to everyone's attention by C. B. Moore in the 1890s. This impressive list of mortuary items, combined with the fact that these St. Johns II communities were not Mississippian farmers, presents somewhat of a paradox. Eschewing a traditional prestige-goods economy interpretation that views the high-profile exotic items in mounds as instruments of power flaunted by elites, Ashley focuses more on the communal nature of ritual and mortuary ceremony and views burial mounds and grave goods as an expression of corporate identity.
Marcus Plested
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199267798
- eISBN:
- 9780191602139
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199267790.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter explores the historical context of the Macarian writings: their authorship, location, and date. It also outlines the physical shape of the Macarian corpus: the principal forms of the ...
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This chapter explores the historical context of the Macarian writings: their authorship, location, and date. It also outlines the physical shape of the Macarian corpus: the principal forms of the Greek manuscript tradition and the most important of the translations. It goes on to tackle the vexed question of the relationship between Macarius and the Messalian tendency, demonstrating the very substantial problems behind a simplistic identification of the two. It closes with a consideration of the possible insights offered by the Life of Hypatius into the early circulation of the writings.Less
This chapter explores the historical context of the Macarian writings: their authorship, location, and date. It also outlines the physical shape of the Macarian corpus: the principal forms of the Greek manuscript tradition and the most important of the translations. It goes on to tackle the vexed question of the relationship between Macarius and the Messalian tendency, demonstrating the very substantial problems behind a simplistic identification of the two. It closes with a consideration of the possible insights offered by the Life of Hypatius into the early circulation of the writings.
Carolyn Merchant
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300215458
- eISBN:
- 9780300224924
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300215458.003.0003
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
This chapter compares three biographies on John James Audubon and introduces Grinnell's other writings on John James Audubon and Alexander Wilson (1766–1813). It shows how Grinnell's motivation to ...
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This chapter compares three biographies on John James Audubon and introduces Grinnell's other writings on John James Audubon and Alexander Wilson (1766–1813). It shows how Grinnell's motivation to found the Audubon Society and to use John James Audubon as its namesake and symbol in the campaign to save America's birdlife was made possible by Audubon's unusual combination of talents. He was not only an outstanding painter but also a colorful writer who captured the drama of a woodsman exploring the lands of the American continent. Audubon's writings had thus become the foundation not only for Grinnell's biography but also for two earlier, substantive biographies both written by women. The first was by Mrs. Horace St. John (Jane Elizabeth Roscoe St. John, ca. 1830–1906), the second by Audubon's wife and Grinnell's teacher, Lucy Audubon. Like Grinnell, both women were profoundly influenced by Audubon and his birds.Less
This chapter compares three biographies on John James Audubon and introduces Grinnell's other writings on John James Audubon and Alexander Wilson (1766–1813). It shows how Grinnell's motivation to found the Audubon Society and to use John James Audubon as its namesake and symbol in the campaign to save America's birdlife was made possible by Audubon's unusual combination of talents. He was not only an outstanding painter but also a colorful writer who captured the drama of a woodsman exploring the lands of the American continent. Audubon's writings had thus become the foundation not only for Grinnell's biography but also for two earlier, substantive biographies both written by women. The first was by Mrs. Horace St. John (Jane Elizabeth Roscoe St. John, ca. 1830–1906), the second by Audubon's wife and Grinnell's teacher, Lucy Audubon. Like Grinnell, both women were profoundly influenced by Audubon and his birds.
Demetrios S. Katos
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199696963
- eISBN:
- 9780191731969
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199696963.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies, Church History
This book examines the life, work, and thought of Palladius of Helenopolis (ca. 362–420), an important witness of late antique Christianity and author of the Dialogue on the Life of St. John ...
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This book examines the life, work, and thought of Palladius of Helenopolis (ca. 362–420), an important witness of late antique Christianity and author of the Dialogue on the Life of St. John Chrysostom and the Lausiac History. These compositions provide rich information concerning the downfall of John Chrysostom, the Origenist controversy, and many notable personalities such as John Chrysostom, Theophilus of Alexandria, Jerome, Evagrius of Pontus, and Melania the Elder. The book examines Palladius' role as an advocate on behalf of John Chrysostom, and it employs late antique theories of judicial rhetoric and argumentation (issue or stasis theory), the significance of which is only now becoming apparent to late antique scholars, and elicits new insights from the Dialogue regarding the controversy that resulted in the death of John Chrysostom. The book also demonstrates that the Lausiac History promoted to the imperial court of Pulcheria the ascetic practices of his ascetic colleagues, whom Jerome had recently decried as Origenists. The book delineates Palladius' understanding of asceticism, Scripture, contemplation, prayer, human freedom, and theodicy to demonstrate a dependence upon the spirituality of his mentor Evagrius of Pontus, and upon the broader theological legacy of Origen. What emerges from these pages is the self‐portrait, rather than a polemicist's caricature, of an Origenist at the turn of the fifth‐century, who has profoundly influenced Christian history, hagiography, and piety for nearly 1,600 years.Less
This book examines the life, work, and thought of Palladius of Helenopolis (ca. 362–420), an important witness of late antique Christianity and author of the Dialogue on the Life of St. John Chrysostom and the Lausiac History. These compositions provide rich information concerning the downfall of John Chrysostom, the Origenist controversy, and many notable personalities such as John Chrysostom, Theophilus of Alexandria, Jerome, Evagrius of Pontus, and Melania the Elder. The book examines Palladius' role as an advocate on behalf of John Chrysostom, and it employs late antique theories of judicial rhetoric and argumentation (issue or stasis theory), the significance of which is only now becoming apparent to late antique scholars, and elicits new insights from the Dialogue regarding the controversy that resulted in the death of John Chrysostom. The book also demonstrates that the Lausiac History promoted to the imperial court of Pulcheria the ascetic practices of his ascetic colleagues, whom Jerome had recently decried as Origenists. The book delineates Palladius' understanding of asceticism, Scripture, contemplation, prayer, human freedom, and theodicy to demonstrate a dependence upon the spirituality of his mentor Evagrius of Pontus, and upon the broader theological legacy of Origen. What emerges from these pages is the self‐portrait, rather than a polemicist's caricature, of an Origenist at the turn of the fifth‐century, who has profoundly influenced Christian history, hagiography, and piety for nearly 1,600 years.
Richard Swinburne
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199257461
- eISBN:
- 9780191598616
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199257469.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
Most of St Paul's epistles are totally reliable historical sources. The synoptic gospels are basically historical works, though they do sometimes seek to make theological points (especially in the ...
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Most of St Paul's epistles are totally reliable historical sources. The synoptic gospels are basically historical works, though they do sometimes seek to make theological points (especially in the Infancy narratives) by adding details to the historical account. St John's Gospel is also basically reliable, at any rate on the later events of the story of Jesus, but it contains more ‘theologizing’ than the others.Less
Most of St Paul's epistles are totally reliable historical sources. The synoptic gospels are basically historical works, though they do sometimes seek to make theological points (especially in the Infancy narratives) by adding details to the historical account. St John's Gospel is also basically reliable, at any rate on the later events of the story of Jesus, but it contains more ‘theologizing’ than the others.
Maged S.A. Mikhail and Mark Moussa
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774162602
- eISBN:
- 9781617970474
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774162602.003.0015
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter explores in detail some of the Byzantine icons found in Wadi al-Natrun, arguing for their Egyptian origin. Six large Deesis portraits of unknown provenance are preserved in the Coptic ...
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This chapter explores in detail some of the Byzantine icons found in Wadi al-Natrun, arguing for their Egyptian origin. Six large Deesis portraits of unknown provenance are preserved in the Coptic monasteries in the Wadi al-Natrun. Five, which are of serial nature, formed a part of a majestic Great Deesis set of 11 icons. The investigation in technical art history reconstructs the set and traces the origin of the Wadi al-Natrun icons painted in Byzantine style on locally made sycamore panels to Coptic patronage in Cairo. It specifically addresses the thirteenth-century Interceding St. John the Baptist from a Trimorphon Set and the five palaiologan serial portraits from the Great Deesis, namely Archangel Gabriel, St. Mark the Evangelist, St. Matthew, Apostle Paul, and St. John the Theologian. It then considers the reconstruction of the Great Deesis set from which the Wadi al-Natrun portraits originated. Moreover, the Church of St. Mercurios Abu Seifein in the Monastery of St. Mercurios, Old Cairo is explored.Less
This chapter explores in detail some of the Byzantine icons found in Wadi al-Natrun, arguing for their Egyptian origin. Six large Deesis portraits of unknown provenance are preserved in the Coptic monasteries in the Wadi al-Natrun. Five, which are of serial nature, formed a part of a majestic Great Deesis set of 11 icons. The investigation in technical art history reconstructs the set and traces the origin of the Wadi al-Natrun icons painted in Byzantine style on locally made sycamore panels to Coptic patronage in Cairo. It specifically addresses the thirteenth-century Interceding St. John the Baptist from a Trimorphon Set and the five palaiologan serial portraits from the Great Deesis, namely Archangel Gabriel, St. Mark the Evangelist, St. Matthew, Apostle Paul, and St. John the Theologian. It then considers the reconstruction of the Great Deesis set from which the Wadi al-Natrun portraits originated. Moreover, the Church of St. Mercurios Abu Seifein in the Monastery of St. Mercurios, Old Cairo is explored.
Daniel R. Melamed
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195169331
- eISBN:
- 9780199865376
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195169331.003.04
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
What do we do when a composition survives in several versions? J. S. Bach's St. John Passion presents a test case for our convictions about pieces and their multiple versions. Most people's sense ...
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What do we do when a composition survives in several versions? J. S. Bach's St. John Passion presents a test case for our convictions about pieces and their multiple versions. Most people's sense that there is indeed a work identifiable as “the St. John Passion ” is confirmed by the assignment of a single Bach catalogue number (BWV 245) to it. But the situation is more complicated: there are multiple St. John Passions, some of which are recoverable and some of which are not. One may not really qualify as a version, depending on how one defines the concept.Less
What do we do when a composition survives in several versions? J. S. Bach's St. John Passion presents a test case for our convictions about pieces and their multiple versions. Most people's sense that there is indeed a work identifiable as “the St. John Passion ” is confirmed by the assignment of a single Bach catalogue number (BWV 245) to it. But the situation is more complicated: there are multiple St. John Passions, some of which are recoverable and some of which are not. One may not really qualify as a version, depending on how one defines the concept.
