Avi Max Spiegel
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159843
- eISBN:
- 9781400866434
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159843.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter seeks to understand how Islamist movements have evolved over time, and, in the process, provide important background on the political and religious contexts of the movements in question. ...
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This chapter seeks to understand how Islamist movements have evolved over time, and, in the process, provide important background on the political and religious contexts of the movements in question. In particular, it shows that Islamist movements coevolve. Focusing on the histories of Morocco's two main Islamist movements—the Justice and Spirituality Organization, or Al Adl wal Ihsan (Al Adl) and the Party of Justice and Development (PJD)—it suggests that their evolutions can only be fully appreciated if they are relayed in unison. These movements mirror one another depending on the competitive context, sometimes reflecting, sometimes refracting, sometimes borrowing, sometimes adapting or even reorganizing in order to keep up with the other.Less
This chapter seeks to understand how Islamist movements have evolved over time, and, in the process, provide important background on the political and religious contexts of the movements in question. In particular, it shows that Islamist movements coevolve. Focusing on the histories of Morocco's two main Islamist movements—the Justice and Spirituality Organization, or Al Adl wal Ihsan (Al Adl) and the Party of Justice and Development (PJD)—it suggests that their evolutions can only be fully appreciated if they are relayed in unison. These movements mirror one another depending on the competitive context, sometimes reflecting, sometimes refracting, sometimes borrowing, sometimes adapting or even reorganizing in order to keep up with the other.
April D. DeConick
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231170765
- eISBN:
- 9780231542043
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231170765.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Gnosticism is a countercultural spirituality that forever changed the practice of Christianity. Before it emerged in the second century, passage to the afterlife required obedience to God and king. ...
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Gnosticism is a countercultural spirituality that forever changed the practice of Christianity. Before it emerged in the second century, passage to the afterlife required obedience to God and king. Gnosticism proposed that human beings were manifestations of the divine, unsettling the hierarchical foundations of the ancient world. Subversive and revolutionary, Gnostics taught that prayer and mediation could bring human beings into an ecstatic spiritual union with a transcendent deity. This mystical strain affected not just Christianity but many other religions, and it characterizes our understanding of the purpose and meaning of religion today.
In The Gnostic New Age, April D. DeConick recovers this vibrant underground history to prove that Gnosticism was not suppressed or defeated by the Catholic Church long ago, nor was the movement a fabrication to justify the violent repression of alternative forms of Christianity. Gnosticism alleviated human suffering, soothing feelings of existential brokenness and alienation through the promise of renewal as God. DeConick begins in ancient Egypt and follows with the rise of Gnosticism in the Middle Ages, the advent of theosophy and other occult movements in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and contemporary New Age spiritual philosophies. As these theories find expression in science-fiction and fantasy films, DeConick sees evidence of Gnosticism’s next incarnation. Her work emphasizes the universal, countercultural appeal of a movement that embodies much more than a simple challenge to religious authority.Less
Gnosticism is a countercultural spirituality that forever changed the practice of Christianity. Before it emerged in the second century, passage to the afterlife required obedience to God and king. Gnosticism proposed that human beings were manifestations of the divine, unsettling the hierarchical foundations of the ancient world. Subversive and revolutionary, Gnostics taught that prayer and mediation could bring human beings into an ecstatic spiritual union with a transcendent deity. This mystical strain affected not just Christianity but many other religions, and it characterizes our understanding of the purpose and meaning of religion today.
In The Gnostic New Age, April D. DeConick recovers this vibrant underground history to prove that Gnosticism was not suppressed or defeated by the Catholic Church long ago, nor was the movement a fabrication to justify the violent repression of alternative forms of Christianity. Gnosticism alleviated human suffering, soothing feelings of existential brokenness and alienation through the promise of renewal as God. DeConick begins in ancient Egypt and follows with the rise of Gnosticism in the Middle Ages, the advent of theosophy and other occult movements in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and contemporary New Age spiritual philosophies. As these theories find expression in science-fiction and fantasy films, DeConick sees evidence of Gnosticism’s next incarnation. Her work emphasizes the universal, countercultural appeal of a movement that embodies much more than a simple challenge to religious authority.
Tiya Miles
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469626338
- eISBN:
- 9781469626352
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469626338.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This book explores the popular yet troubling phenomenon of “ghost tours,” frequently promoted and experienced at plantations, urban manor homes, and cemeteries throughout the South. As a staple of ...
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This book explores the popular yet troubling phenomenon of “ghost tours,” frequently promoted and experienced at plantations, urban manor homes, and cemeteries throughout the South. As a staple of the tours, guides entertain paying customers by relying on stories of enslaved black specters. Through an examination of popular sites and stories from select ghost tours, this book shows that haunted tales routinely appropriate and skew African American history to produce representations of slavery for commercial gain. “Dark tourism” often highlights the most sensationalist and macabre aspects of slavery, from salacious sexual ties between white masters and black women slaves to the physical abuse and torture of black bodies, to the supposedly exotic nature of African spiritual practices. The book argues that because the realities of slavery are largely absent from these scripted historical experiences, the tours continue to feed problematic “Old South” narratives and erase the hard truths of the Civil War era.Less
This book explores the popular yet troubling phenomenon of “ghost tours,” frequently promoted and experienced at plantations, urban manor homes, and cemeteries throughout the South. As a staple of the tours, guides entertain paying customers by relying on stories of enslaved black specters. Through an examination of popular sites and stories from select ghost tours, this book shows that haunted tales routinely appropriate and skew African American history to produce representations of slavery for commercial gain. “Dark tourism” often highlights the most sensationalist and macabre aspects of slavery, from salacious sexual ties between white masters and black women slaves to the physical abuse and torture of black bodies, to the supposedly exotic nature of African spiritual practices. The book argues that because the realities of slavery are largely absent from these scripted historical experiences, the tours continue to feed problematic “Old South” narratives and erase the hard truths of the Civil War era.
William Richards
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231174060
- eISBN:
- 9780231540919
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231174060.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Psychopharmacology
Sacred Knowledge is the first well-documented, sophisticated account of the effect of psychedelics on biological processes, human consciousness, and revelatory religious experiences. Based on nearly ...
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Sacred Knowledge is the first well-documented, sophisticated account of the effect of psychedelics on biological processes, human consciousness, and revelatory religious experiences. Based on nearly three decades of legal research with volunteers, William A. Richards argues that, if used responsibly and legally, psychedelics have the potential to assuage suffering and constructively affect the quality of human life. Richards’s analysis contributes to social and political debates over the responsible integration of psychedelic substances into modern society. His book serves as an invaluable resource for readers who, whether spontaneously or with the facilitation of psychedelics, have encountered meaningful, inspiring, or even disturbing states of consciousness and seek clarity about their experiences. Testing the limits of language and conceptual frameworks, Richards makes the most of experiential phenomena that stretch our conception of reality, advancing new frontiers in the study of belief, spiritual awakening, psychiatric treatment, and social well-being. His findings enrich humanities and scientific scholarship, expanding work in philosophy, anthropology, theology, and religious studies and bringing depth to research in mental health, psychotherapy, and psychopharmacology.Less
Sacred Knowledge is the first well-documented, sophisticated account of the effect of psychedelics on biological processes, human consciousness, and revelatory religious experiences. Based on nearly three decades of legal research with volunteers, William A. Richards argues that, if used responsibly and legally, psychedelics have the potential to assuage suffering and constructively affect the quality of human life. Richards’s analysis contributes to social and political debates over the responsible integration of psychedelic substances into modern society. His book serves as an invaluable resource for readers who, whether spontaneously or with the facilitation of psychedelics, have encountered meaningful, inspiring, or even disturbing states of consciousness and seek clarity about their experiences. Testing the limits of language and conceptual frameworks, Richards makes the most of experiential phenomena that stretch our conception of reality, advancing new frontiers in the study of belief, spiritual awakening, psychiatric treatment, and social well-being. His findings enrich humanities and scientific scholarship, expanding work in philosophy, anthropology, theology, and religious studies and bringing depth to research in mental health, psychotherapy, and psychopharmacology.
Monika Renz
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231170888
- eISBN:
- 9780231540230
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231170888.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
This book introduces a process-based, patient-centered approach to palliative care that substantiates an indication-oriented treatment and radical reconsideration of our transition to death. Drawing ...
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This book introduces a process-based, patient-centered approach to palliative care that substantiates an indication-oriented treatment and radical reconsideration of our transition to death. Drawing on decades of work with terminally ill cancer patients and a trove of research on near-death experiences, Monika Renz encourages practitioners to not only safeguard patients’ dignity as they die but also take stock of their verbal, nonverbal, and metaphorical cues as they progress, helping to personalize treatment and realize a more peaceful death. Renz divides dying into three parts: pre-transition, transition, and post-transition. As we die, all egoism and ego-centered perception fall away, bringing us to another state of consciousness, a different register of sensitivity, and an alternative dimension of spiritual connectedness. As patients pass through these stages, they offer nonverbal signals that indicate their gradual withdrawal from everyday consciousness. This transformation explains why emotional and spiritual issues become enhanced during the dying process. Relatives and practitioners are often deeply impressed and feel a sense of awe. Fear and struggle shift to trust and peace; denial melts into acceptance. At first, family problems and the need for reconciliation are urgent, but gradually these concerns fade. By delineating these processes, Renz helps practitioners grow more cognizant of the changing emotions and symptoms of the patients under their care, enabling them to respond with the utmost respect for their patients’ dignity.Less
This book introduces a process-based, patient-centered approach to palliative care that substantiates an indication-oriented treatment and radical reconsideration of our transition to death. Drawing on decades of work with terminally ill cancer patients and a trove of research on near-death experiences, Monika Renz encourages practitioners to not only safeguard patients’ dignity as they die but also take stock of their verbal, nonverbal, and metaphorical cues as they progress, helping to personalize treatment and realize a more peaceful death. Renz divides dying into three parts: pre-transition, transition, and post-transition. As we die, all egoism and ego-centered perception fall away, bringing us to another state of consciousness, a different register of sensitivity, and an alternative dimension of spiritual connectedness. As patients pass through these stages, they offer nonverbal signals that indicate their gradual withdrawal from everyday consciousness. This transformation explains why emotional and spiritual issues become enhanced during the dying process. Relatives and practitioners are often deeply impressed and feel a sense of awe. Fear and struggle shift to trust and peace; denial melts into acceptance. At first, family problems and the need for reconciliation are urgent, but gradually these concerns fade. By delineating these processes, Renz helps practitioners grow more cognizant of the changing emotions and symptoms of the patients under their care, enabling them to respond with the utmost respect for their patients’ dignity.
Norman Wirzba
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195157161
- eISBN:
- 9780199835270
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195157168.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Contemporary culture reflects widespread isolation from and ignorance about our interdependence with the earth and wider cosmos. This loss has led to an impoverished sense of community as membership ...
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Contemporary culture reflects widespread isolation from and ignorance about our interdependence with the earth and wider cosmos. This loss has led to an impoverished sense of community as membership within a created whole. By marking our inter-relatedness with the soil and then noting the significance of the doctrine of creation in terms of its moral and spiritual significance, the possibility exists for a revisioning of salvation in terms of the health and wholeness of all creation.Less
Contemporary culture reflects widespread isolation from and ignorance about our interdependence with the earth and wider cosmos. This loss has led to an impoverished sense of community as membership within a created whole. By marking our inter-relatedness with the soil and then noting the significance of the doctrine of creation in terms of its moral and spiritual significance, the possibility exists for a revisioning of salvation in terms of the health and wholeness of all creation.
April D. DeConick
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231170765
- eISBN:
- 9780231542043
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231170765.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Discusses Servant Spirituality, Covenant Spirituality, and Mystic Spirituality as models that pre-exist the rise of Gnostic Spirituality. Engages the movie, “The Matrix.”
Discusses Servant Spirituality, Covenant Spirituality, and Mystic Spirituality as models that pre-exist the rise of Gnostic Spirituality. Engages the movie, “The Matrix.”
Anand Amaladass
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474439824
- eISBN:
- 9781474465366
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439824.003.0028
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Christians in South Asia can be classified into three groups: the intellectual Christian elites, uneducated clerics, and the faithful ‘folk’ of the villages. After Vatican II came renewal in liturgy, ...
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Christians in South Asia can be classified into three groups: the intellectual Christian elites, uneducated clerics, and the faithful ‘folk’ of the villages. After Vatican II came renewal in liturgy, church activities and social awareness. The word ‘Christian’ may be used as adjective of Christendom (a civilisation), or of Christianity (a religion among others) or of Christianness (a personal – but not individualistic – spirituality). The new trend is one of ‘Christic consciousness’. Aloysius Pieris speaks of an inter-textual encounter between the Hebrew-Christian Bible and the Pali Buddhist Tripitakas, paying regard to divergent cultural matrices and underlying socio-political histories. The most significant achievement of Christian spirituality came in changing the attitude of Hindus to people with low social status. The Retreat movement, started on a large scale in Potta, Kerala, still attracts thousands of people. The collapse of Soviet rule provided opportunity not only for the Orthodox Church to revive but also for new evangelical movements to establish their presence. Today, one talks of a ‘Christophany’ where the Spirit is at work beyond the rational or doctrinal approach; not mere exegesis of the ‘inspired’ texts, but it penetrates into every manifestation of the human spirit.Less
Christians in South Asia can be classified into three groups: the intellectual Christian elites, uneducated clerics, and the faithful ‘folk’ of the villages. After Vatican II came renewal in liturgy, church activities and social awareness. The word ‘Christian’ may be used as adjective of Christendom (a civilisation), or of Christianity (a religion among others) or of Christianness (a personal – but not individualistic – spirituality). The new trend is one of ‘Christic consciousness’. Aloysius Pieris speaks of an inter-textual encounter between the Hebrew-Christian Bible and the Pali Buddhist Tripitakas, paying regard to divergent cultural matrices and underlying socio-political histories. The most significant achievement of Christian spirituality came in changing the attitude of Hindus to people with low social status. The Retreat movement, started on a large scale in Potta, Kerala, still attracts thousands of people. The collapse of Soviet rule provided opportunity not only for the Orthodox Church to revive but also for new evangelical movements to establish their presence. Today, one talks of a ‘Christophany’ where the Spirit is at work beyond the rational or doctrinal approach; not mere exegesis of the ‘inspired’ texts, but it penetrates into every manifestation of the human spirit.
Peniel Rajkumar
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474439824
- eISBN:
- 9781474465366
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439824.003.0034
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
In most parts of South and Central Asia, one religious tradition has a numerical majority. Though Christians are a minority, they have had a considerable influence on society through healthcare and ...
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In most parts of South and Central Asia, one religious tradition has a numerical majority. Though Christians are a minority, they have had a considerable influence on society through healthcare and education. Dialogue has been the mode of the church’s mission in the Asian context. Modes of dialogue include: the dialogue of life, which involves the daily sharing of life; the dialogue of collaborative action, which fosters collaboration for justice, peace and ecological wholeness; the dialogue of theological reflection, which involves entrenchment into the beliefs of other religions; and the dialogue of spiritual experience, which brings people of spiritual traditions together. ‘Triple dialogue’ envisages a dialogue not just with the cultures and the religions of Asia but also with Asia’s poor. Inculturation was an attempt to ensure that Christianity was purged of its Western influence. This enabled hospitable forms of Christian interaction– sometimes at the risk of being accused of assimilation, syncretism and/or compromise. Many nations are confronted with a tendency toward nationalistic self-identification based on religion. This can lead to restrictions on proselytism, viewed as an attack on the community and a denigration of traditional values.Less
In most parts of South and Central Asia, one religious tradition has a numerical majority. Though Christians are a minority, they have had a considerable influence on society through healthcare and education. Dialogue has been the mode of the church’s mission in the Asian context. Modes of dialogue include: the dialogue of life, which involves the daily sharing of life; the dialogue of collaborative action, which fosters collaboration for justice, peace and ecological wholeness; the dialogue of theological reflection, which involves entrenchment into the beliefs of other religions; and the dialogue of spiritual experience, which brings people of spiritual traditions together. ‘Triple dialogue’ envisages a dialogue not just with the cultures and the religions of Asia but also with Asia’s poor. Inculturation was an attempt to ensure that Christianity was purged of its Western influence. This enabled hospitable forms of Christian interaction– sometimes at the risk of being accused of assimilation, syncretism and/or compromise. Many nations are confronted with a tendency toward nationalistic self-identification based on religion. This can lead to restrictions on proselytism, viewed as an attack on the community and a denigration of traditional values.
Sam George
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474439824
- eISBN:
- 9781474465366
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439824.003.0035
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
South Asia accounted for more than 32 million emigrants worldwide. These figures do not include the Old Diaspora –when millions were taken to work as indentured labourers, losing all links to their ...
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South Asia accounted for more than 32 million emigrants worldwide. These figures do not include the Old Diaspora –when millions were taken to work as indentured labourers, losing all links to their ancestral homelands. Most early migratory interactions, initiated by foreigners who came for trade or conquest, took people out of this region, a people that did not venture far from home. The dispersion out of South Asia can be divided into three waves: the Old Diaspora (early to mid-eighteenth century), the New Diaspora (1940s to 1990s) and the Modern Diaspora (beginning in the early 1990s). This latest diaspora is marked by mass migration of software engineers to Western countries, especially the USA, Canada, the UK, Germany and Australia. South Asians are very religious and are less landlocked than people of other faiths in the region. The alienation that result from transplantation in religious and spiritual terms, make migration for South Asians a ‘theologising experience’. Many South Asians have joined the Christian fold in diasporic locations as they feel less stigma than in their ancestral homelands. Uncertainties about the future keep immigrants continually on the edge, which leads some to a deeper spiritual quest.Less
South Asia accounted for more than 32 million emigrants worldwide. These figures do not include the Old Diaspora –when millions were taken to work as indentured labourers, losing all links to their ancestral homelands. Most early migratory interactions, initiated by foreigners who came for trade or conquest, took people out of this region, a people that did not venture far from home. The dispersion out of South Asia can be divided into three waves: the Old Diaspora (early to mid-eighteenth century), the New Diaspora (1940s to 1990s) and the Modern Diaspora (beginning in the early 1990s). This latest diaspora is marked by mass migration of software engineers to Western countries, especially the USA, Canada, the UK, Germany and Australia. South Asians are very religious and are less landlocked than people of other faiths in the region. The alienation that result from transplantation in religious and spiritual terms, make migration for South Asians a ‘theologising experience’. Many South Asians have joined the Christian fold in diasporic locations as they feel less stigma than in their ancestral homelands. Uncertainties about the future keep immigrants continually on the edge, which leads some to a deeper spiritual quest.
Gary R. Bunt
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469643168
- eISBN:
- 9781469643182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643168.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
An overview of the themes in Hashtag Islam, discussing some of the inspiration in its writing and responses to changes in discourse about cyber-Islamic environments.
An overview of the themes in Hashtag Islam, discussing some of the inspiration in its writing and responses to changes in discourse about cyber-Islamic environments.
Steven Vanderputten
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781501715945
- eISBN:
- 9781501715976
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501715945.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
The two-and-a-half centuries between 800 and 1050 are commonly viewed as a 'dark age' in the history of women's monasticism. Dark, in the sense that the realities of life in and around the cloister ...
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The two-and-a-half centuries between 800 and 1050 are commonly viewed as a 'dark age' in the history of women's monasticism. Dark, in the sense that the realities of life in and around the cloister are difficult to access: the primary evidence is extremely fragmented; the context is ill-understood; and scholars’ findings are scattered across a multitude of case studies. But dark also in the sense that, according to the dominant academic narrative, women's monasticism suffered from the catastrophic disempowerment of its members, the progressive ‘secularization’ of its institutions, and - barring a few exceptions - the precipitous decline of intellectual and spiritual life.
Based on a study of forty institutions in Lotharingia – a multi-lingual, politically and culturally diverse region in the heart of Western Europe – this book dismantles the common view of women religious in this period as the disempowered, at times even disinterested, witnesses to their own lives. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, it highlights their attempts - and those of the men and women sympathetic to their cause - to construct localized narratives of self, nurture beneficial relations with their environment, and remain involved in shaping the attitudes and behaviors of the laity.Less
The two-and-a-half centuries between 800 and 1050 are commonly viewed as a 'dark age' in the history of women's monasticism. Dark, in the sense that the realities of life in and around the cloister are difficult to access: the primary evidence is extremely fragmented; the context is ill-understood; and scholars’ findings are scattered across a multitude of case studies. But dark also in the sense that, according to the dominant academic narrative, women's monasticism suffered from the catastrophic disempowerment of its members, the progressive ‘secularization’ of its institutions, and - barring a few exceptions - the precipitous decline of intellectual and spiritual life.
Based on a study of forty institutions in Lotharingia – a multi-lingual, politically and culturally diverse region in the heart of Western Europe – this book dismantles the common view of women religious in this period as the disempowered, at times even disinterested, witnesses to their own lives. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, it highlights their attempts - and those of the men and women sympathetic to their cause - to construct localized narratives of self, nurture beneficial relations with their environment, and remain involved in shaping the attitudes and behaviors of the laity.
Susan Starr Sered
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195104677
- eISBN:
- 9780199853267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195104677.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
Women's religions are, from a cross-cultural perspective, anomalous. Most of the religions of the world are dominated by men. This chapter presents twelve examples of religions dominated by women. ...
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Women's religions are, from a cross-cultural perspective, anomalous. Most of the religions of the world are dominated by men. This chapter presents twelve examples of religions dominated by women. First, it points out ways in which these religions differ from one another. Some of the examples are self-consciously independent religions that exist in a society where the dominant religion is male dominated (Feminist Spirituality, Afro-Brazilian religions). Others are religious streams that co-exist alongside of, and sometimes intertwined with, male-dominated religions (zār, Spiritualism, Korean shamanism, Burmese nat cultus). Still others are the major religion of an entire society (the Ryūkyū Islands, the Black Caribs of Belize). And finally, others are sects of otherwise male-dominated religions (Christian Science, Shakerism).Less
Women's religions are, from a cross-cultural perspective, anomalous. Most of the religions of the world are dominated by men. This chapter presents twelve examples of religions dominated by women. First, it points out ways in which these religions differ from one another. Some of the examples are self-consciously independent religions that exist in a society where the dominant religion is male dominated (Feminist Spirituality, Afro-Brazilian religions). Others are religious streams that co-exist alongside of, and sometimes intertwined with, male-dominated religions (zār, Spiritualism, Korean shamanism, Burmese nat cultus). Still others are the major religion of an entire society (the Ryūkyū Islands, the Black Caribs of Belize). And finally, others are sects of otherwise male-dominated religions (Christian Science, Shakerism).
Albertus Budi Susanto
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780823267309
- eISBN:
- 9780823272334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823267309.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Kethoprak—a popular form of the performing arts in Indonesia—is both subversive and satirical. It looks to the social, political, and religious elites and holds up, before them, a funhouse mirror of ...
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Kethoprak—a popular form of the performing arts in Indonesia—is both subversive and satirical. It looks to the social, political, and religious elites and holds up, before them, a funhouse mirror of post-modern distortion that, not without irony, often exposes their shortcomings and failures to the wider public. More than this, however, kethoprak is about an interior orientation, about a way of subjectively perceiving and processing the external world. It is about the methodological practice of attuning oneself, and one’s audience, to seeing things differently. In this way, kethoprak becomes a popular form of participatory democracy. It also shares many characteristic elements with Ignatian Spirituality via Roland Barthes interpretation of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola. Susanto identifies in both kethoprak and Ignatian Spirituality a process whereby one learns to see more clearly and to attend to one’s surroundings more critically. As a result, both kethoprak and Ignatian Spirituality tap into the internal movements, and the external experiences, of not only the performers and audiences at a show, but of all Indonesians whose lives take place outside the elite circles of power.Less
Kethoprak—a popular form of the performing arts in Indonesia—is both subversive and satirical. It looks to the social, political, and religious elites and holds up, before them, a funhouse mirror of post-modern distortion that, not without irony, often exposes their shortcomings and failures to the wider public. More than this, however, kethoprak is about an interior orientation, about a way of subjectively perceiving and processing the external world. It is about the methodological practice of attuning oneself, and one’s audience, to seeing things differently. In this way, kethoprak becomes a popular form of participatory democracy. It also shares many characteristic elements with Ignatian Spirituality via Roland Barthes interpretation of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola. Susanto identifies in both kethoprak and Ignatian Spirituality a process whereby one learns to see more clearly and to attend to one’s surroundings more critically. As a result, both kethoprak and Ignatian Spirituality tap into the internal movements, and the external experiences, of not only the performers and audiences at a show, but of all Indonesians whose lives take place outside the elite circles of power.
Andrew Mansfield
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719088377
- eISBN:
- 9781526103901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088377.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
In the final chapter the second phase of Ramsay’s political works are considered: Les Voyages de Cyrus (1727) and the A Plan of Education for a Young Prince (1732). Ramsay’s Cyrus used Xenephon’s ...
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In the final chapter the second phase of Ramsay’s political works are considered: Les Voyages de Cyrus (1727) and the A Plan of Education for a Young Prince (1732). Ramsay’s Cyrus used Xenephon’s progenitor of the mirror-for-princes genre to continue his call for strong centralised monarchy supported by a small hereditary aristocracy. Making greater use of Fénelon and Bossuet’s educational works, Ramsay advanced a view of the state and society that fused politics and spirituality. In his desire to return to a Golden Age of humanity, Ramsay advocated greater co-operation between states in order to collect ancient wisdom and engender virtue. A world that embraced the commercial age and strengthened the British state under the leadership of a Stuart monarchy becoming the ‘Capital of the Universe.’ The chapter demonstrates that by the end of his political works, Ramsay had in fact embraced the role of Parliament and public liberty in his vision of a global Britain.Less
In the final chapter the second phase of Ramsay’s political works are considered: Les Voyages de Cyrus (1727) and the A Plan of Education for a Young Prince (1732). Ramsay’s Cyrus used Xenephon’s progenitor of the mirror-for-princes genre to continue his call for strong centralised monarchy supported by a small hereditary aristocracy. Making greater use of Fénelon and Bossuet’s educational works, Ramsay advanced a view of the state and society that fused politics and spirituality. In his desire to return to a Golden Age of humanity, Ramsay advocated greater co-operation between states in order to collect ancient wisdom and engender virtue. A world that embraced the commercial age and strengthened the British state under the leadership of a Stuart monarchy becoming the ‘Capital of the Universe.’ The chapter demonstrates that by the end of his political works, Ramsay had in fact embraced the role of Parliament and public liberty in his vision of a global Britain.
Gary R. Bunt
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469643168
- eISBN:
- 9781469643182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643168.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter explores how the Internet became digitally integrated into dynamics of Islamic religious issues and faith, often with a seamless divide between off-line and online components. It looks ...
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This chapter explores how the Internet became digitally integrated into dynamics of Islamic religious issues and faith, often with a seamless divide between off-line and online components. It looks at specific dimensions of faith, including the Qur'an, pilgrimage, gender, and the different aspects of Muslim life as represented online. This includes different ideas about spirituality and religious authority.Less
This chapter explores how the Internet became digitally integrated into dynamics of Islamic religious issues and faith, often with a seamless divide between off-line and online components. It looks at specific dimensions of faith, including the Qur'an, pilgrimage, gender, and the different aspects of Muslim life as represented online. This includes different ideas about spirituality and religious authority.
April D. DeConick
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231170765
- eISBN:
- 9780231542043
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231170765.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Examines rise of Gnostic Spirituality within historical environment of shamanic practices and mystery initiation; Engages the movie, “The Truman Show.”
Examines rise of Gnostic Spirituality within historical environment of shamanic practices and mystery initiation; Engages the movie, “The Truman Show.”
Michael D. McNally
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691190907
- eISBN:
- 9780691201511
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691190907.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
This chapter considers the relative success of court decisions accommodating certain individual Native American inmates in their religious exercise in prisons, especially the sweat lodge. These cases ...
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This chapter considers the relative success of court decisions accommodating certain individual Native American inmates in their religious exercise in prisons, especially the sweat lodge. These cases reveal a pattern of what officials refer to as “Native American Spirituality.” In the prison cases, Native American Spirituality emerges as a term of art from corrections management, a line on the intake form for religious preference, and keyed to the language of the federal chaplaincy manual. Prison chaplaincy programs use it in an effort to articulate what's often exceptional and irreducibly diverse about Native religious traditions and to articulate what makes them so difficult to pin down. Especially insofar as the cases largely involve a triad of intertribal practices: sweat lodges, pipe ceremonies, and access to medicinal tobacco, sage, cedar, and sweetgrass.Less
This chapter considers the relative success of court decisions accommodating certain individual Native American inmates in their religious exercise in prisons, especially the sweat lodge. These cases reveal a pattern of what officials refer to as “Native American Spirituality.” In the prison cases, Native American Spirituality emerges as a term of art from corrections management, a line on the intake form for religious preference, and keyed to the language of the federal chaplaincy manual. Prison chaplaincy programs use it in an effort to articulate what's often exceptional and irreducibly diverse about Native religious traditions and to articulate what makes them so difficult to pin down. Especially insofar as the cases largely involve a triad of intertribal practices: sweat lodges, pipe ceremonies, and access to medicinal tobacco, sage, cedar, and sweetgrass.
John Renard
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520255081
- eISBN:
- 9780520948334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520255081.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter highlights the Christian and the Islamic traditions of spirituality. Neither the Bible nor the Qur'ān was intended to be read as a manual of spirituality, but over the centuries Muslim ...
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This chapter highlights the Christian and the Islamic traditions of spirituality. Neither the Bible nor the Qur'ān was intended to be read as a manual of spirituality, but over the centuries Muslim and Christian spiritual guides have elaborated on their scriptures' allusions to the most important aspects of the divine-human relationship. Christians generally look to both Old and New Testaments to tap into the spiritual wellsprings of their various denominational traditions. Muslims draw extensively on the Qur'ān for personal inspiration in their daily struggles to remain faithful to the tradition they have received. In addition, both Islamic and Christian traditions center on the ways in which their respective foundational figures Jesus and Muhammad model that commitment. Muslims and Christians nonetheless strive to incorporate the example of their spiritual models to the extent that they are humanly imitable. Stories of religiously exemplary figures have played important roles in the lives of many Christians and Muslims. In both traditions, however, one finds varying degrees of theological legitimacy and importance attributed to saints and Friends of God.Less
This chapter highlights the Christian and the Islamic traditions of spirituality. Neither the Bible nor the Qur'ān was intended to be read as a manual of spirituality, but over the centuries Muslim and Christian spiritual guides have elaborated on their scriptures' allusions to the most important aspects of the divine-human relationship. Christians generally look to both Old and New Testaments to tap into the spiritual wellsprings of their various denominational traditions. Muslims draw extensively on the Qur'ān for personal inspiration in their daily struggles to remain faithful to the tradition they have received. In addition, both Islamic and Christian traditions center on the ways in which their respective foundational figures Jesus and Muhammad model that commitment. Muslims and Christians nonetheless strive to incorporate the example of their spiritual models to the extent that they are humanly imitable. Stories of religiously exemplary figures have played important roles in the lives of many Christians and Muslims. In both traditions, however, one finds varying degrees of theological legitimacy and importance attributed to saints and Friends of God.
Roberta Pibiri and Stefania Palmisano
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447336358
- eISBN:
- 9781447336396
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447336358.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter reflects on the relations between gender and religion, by analysing a new form of spirituality coming from the Anglophone world — Goddess Spirituality — which has arrived in Italy in the ...
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This chapter reflects on the relations between gender and religion, by analysing a new form of spirituality coming from the Anglophone world — Goddess Spirituality — which has arrived in Italy in the new millennium. Goddess Spirituality is one of the most important and challenging forms, where the movement of rediscovering paths of the sacred female is evident. As some studies demonstrate, while an ever increasing proportion of women leave the Catholic Church, the majority do not redirect their spiritual seeking outside the Catholic milieu by approaching the world of so-called alternative spiritualities. Goddess Spirituality's contemporaneous spiritual/secular orientation is a source of empowerment for its adherents because it is capable of integrating into its symbolic, axiological universe a gender concept with a sacred dimension.Less
This chapter reflects on the relations between gender and religion, by analysing a new form of spirituality coming from the Anglophone world — Goddess Spirituality — which has arrived in Italy in the new millennium. Goddess Spirituality is one of the most important and challenging forms, where the movement of rediscovering paths of the sacred female is evident. As some studies demonstrate, while an ever increasing proportion of women leave the Catholic Church, the majority do not redirect their spiritual seeking outside the Catholic milieu by approaching the world of so-called alternative spiritualities. Goddess Spirituality's contemporaneous spiritual/secular orientation is a source of empowerment for its adherents because it is capable of integrating into its symbolic, axiological universe a gender concept with a sacred dimension.
