Tamar Herzog
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265314
- eISBN:
- 9780191760402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265314.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter surveys how individuals were identified and whether their movement was controlled in early modern Spain and Spanish America. It argues that because Spanish (and Spanish American) ...
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This chapter surveys how individuals were identified and whether their movement was controlled in early modern Spain and Spanish America. It argues that because Spanish (and Spanish American) structures assumed the existence of a freedom to immigrate, most processes aimed at registering identities were concerned not with immigration but with distinguishing ‘good’ from ‘bad’ movement, fraudulent changes in identity from honest reshaping of who individuals were. Although similar rules were applied in both the Old and the New World, nevertheless new regulations did emerge in the Americas, requiring identifying individuals as ‘Spaniards’ on the one hand, and limiting movement by natives as long as their civic and religious conversion was not guaranteed, on the other. As a result, in the New World, processes of identification were more acute and more frequent than in Spain.Less
This chapter surveys how individuals were identified and whether their movement was controlled in early modern Spain and Spanish America. It argues that because Spanish (and Spanish American) structures assumed the existence of a freedom to immigrate, most processes aimed at registering identities were concerned not with immigration but with distinguishing ‘good’ from ‘bad’ movement, fraudulent changes in identity from honest reshaping of who individuals were. Although similar rules were applied in both the Old and the New World, nevertheless new regulations did emerge in the Americas, requiring identifying individuals as ‘Spaniards’ on the one hand, and limiting movement by natives as long as their civic and religious conversion was not guaranteed, on the other. As a result, in the New World, processes of identification were more acute and more frequent than in Spain.
D. R. M. Irving
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195378269
- eISBN:
- 9780199864614
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195378269.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter explores the twin roles of Manila as a colonial capital and an important node in early modern global networks. It gives a historical overview of the Spanish conquest, the foundation of ...
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This chapter explores the twin roles of Manila as a colonial capital and an important node in early modern global networks. It gives a historical overview of the Spanish conquest, the foundation of Manila, and the economic development of the colony (together with a consideration of the trans‐Pacific galleon trade), besides offering analyses of artistic representations of the Spanish Empire and Manila. In investigating the “contrapuntal” nature of the city's ethnically diverse society, it examines the social and political structures of the three principal ethnolinguistic groups: Filipinos, Chinese, and Spaniards. The presence of other diasporas in the metropolis is also discussed. Manila is described as a point of global convergence for travelers and migrants from Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe, acting as an attractive destination for merchants, missionaries, exiles, and explorers.Less
This chapter explores the twin roles of Manila as a colonial capital and an important node in early modern global networks. It gives a historical overview of the Spanish conquest, the foundation of Manila, and the economic development of the colony (together with a consideration of the trans‐Pacific galleon trade), besides offering analyses of artistic representations of the Spanish Empire and Manila. In investigating the “contrapuntal” nature of the city's ethnically diverse society, it examines the social and political structures of the three principal ethnolinguistic groups: Filipinos, Chinese, and Spaniards. The presence of other diasporas in the metropolis is also discussed. Manila is described as a point of global convergence for travelers and migrants from Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe, acting as an attractive destination for merchants, missionaries, exiles, and explorers.
Patricia Londoño-Vega
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199249534
- eISBN:
- 9780191719318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249534.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter begins by discussing the topography of Antioquia and its divisions. It then talks about the historical demography of the people of Antioquia. It explains that the Indian and the Negroes ...
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This chapter begins by discussing the topography of Antioquia and its divisions. It then talks about the historical demography of the people of Antioquia. It explains that the Indian and the Negroes were some of first settlers of Antioquia. It adds that Englishmen, North Americans, Germans, Spaniards, and Frenchmen, were the most numerous. It narrates that foreigners were hired for the mines of the region. This chapter also examines the occupations and ways of life of the people of Antioquia. It explains that occupation became an identifying factor of the social status in the region. It also analyses the crimes that have occurred in Antioquia.Less
This chapter begins by discussing the topography of Antioquia and its divisions. It then talks about the historical demography of the people of Antioquia. It explains that the Indian and the Negroes were some of first settlers of Antioquia. It adds that Englishmen, North Americans, Germans, Spaniards, and Frenchmen, were the most numerous. It narrates that foreigners were hired for the mines of the region. This chapter also examines the occupations and ways of life of the people of Antioquia. It explains that occupation became an identifying factor of the social status in the region. It also analyses the crimes that have occurred in Antioquia.
Anthony Close
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198159988
- eISBN:
- 9780191673733
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159988.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This book relates Cervantes' poetics of comic fiction to the common framework of assumptions, values, and ideas held by Spaniards of the Golden Age about the comic and the kinds of writing which ...
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This book relates Cervantes' poetics of comic fiction to the common framework of assumptions, values, and ideas held by Spaniards of the Golden Age about the comic and the kinds of writing which expressed it. This collective mentality underwent significant evolution in the period 1500 to 1630, and the factors which caused it are reflected in the ways in which the major comic genres (satire, the picaresque, the comedia, the novella) are re-launched, transformed, and theoretically rationalized around 1600, the time when Don Quixote and Cervantes' most famous novellas were written. Though Cervantes is universally acknowledged to be a master of comic fiction, his poetics have never before been considered from that specific angle, nor in such ample scope. In particular, the book sets out to identify the differences between Cervantes' poetics and the conceptions of comic fiction of his contemporaries, including Mateo Alemán.Less
This book relates Cervantes' poetics of comic fiction to the common framework of assumptions, values, and ideas held by Spaniards of the Golden Age about the comic and the kinds of writing which expressed it. This collective mentality underwent significant evolution in the period 1500 to 1630, and the factors which caused it are reflected in the ways in which the major comic genres (satire, the picaresque, the comedia, the novella) are re-launched, transformed, and theoretically rationalized around 1600, the time when Don Quixote and Cervantes' most famous novellas were written. Though Cervantes is universally acknowledged to be a master of comic fiction, his poetics have never before been considered from that specific angle, nor in such ample scope. In particular, the book sets out to identify the differences between Cervantes' poetics and the conceptions of comic fiction of his contemporaries, including Mateo Alemán.
Tamar Herzog
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300092530
- eISBN:
- 9780300129830
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300092530.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This book explores the emergence of a specifically Spanish concept of community in both Spain and Spanish America in the eighteenth century. Challenging the assumption that communities were the ...
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This book explores the emergence of a specifically Spanish concept of community in both Spain and Spanish America in the eighteenth century. Challenging the assumption that communities were the natural result of common factors such as language or religion, or that they were artificially imagined, it reexamines early modern categories of belonging. The book argues that the distinction between those who were Spaniards and those who were foreigners came about as local communities distinguished between immigrants who were judged to be willing to take on the rights and duties of membership in that community and those who were not.Less
This book explores the emergence of a specifically Spanish concept of community in both Spain and Spanish America in the eighteenth century. Challenging the assumption that communities were the natural result of common factors such as language or religion, or that they were artificially imagined, it reexamines early modern categories of belonging. The book argues that the distinction between those who were Spaniards and those who were foreigners came about as local communities distinguished between immigrants who were judged to be willing to take on the rights and duties of membership in that community and those who were not.
David Wingeate Pike
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203155
- eISBN:
- 9780191675751
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203155.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter discusses the experiences of the Spaniards following the collapse of France; the Travailleurs étrangers in the hands of Vichy and of Germany; captives in the Channel Islands; ...
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This chapter discusses the experiences of the Spaniards following the collapse of France; the Travailleurs étrangers in the hands of Vichy and of Germany; captives in the Channel Islands; distribution of the Spaniards in Germany; the special character of Mauthausen; and the records compiled by the inmates.Less
This chapter discusses the experiences of the Spaniards following the collapse of France; the Travailleurs étrangers in the hands of Vichy and of Germany; captives in the Channel Islands; distribution of the Spaniards in Germany; the special character of Mauthausen; and the records compiled by the inmates.
David Wingeate Pike
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203155
- eISBN:
- 9780191675751
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203155.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter discusses the arrival at Mauthausen; the prisoner’s circle of acquaintance; the SS officer and NCO staff; the Kapos and their role; the first contingent of Spaniards; international ...
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This chapter discusses the arrival at Mauthausen; the prisoner’s circle of acquaintance; the SS officer and NCO staff; the Kapos and their role; the first contingent of Spaniards; international friction among the prisoners; the Spaniards as seen by others; the Revier, antechamber of death; the quarry and the 186 steps; growing solidarity among the Spaniards; Gusen, Ebensee, and other Aussenkommandos; and Schloss Hartheim.Less
This chapter discusses the arrival at Mauthausen; the prisoner’s circle of acquaintance; the SS officer and NCO staff; the Kapos and their role; the first contingent of Spaniards; international friction among the prisoners; the Spaniards as seen by others; the Revier, antechamber of death; the quarry and the 186 steps; growing solidarity among the Spaniards; Gusen, Ebensee, and other Aussenkommandos; and Schloss Hartheim.
David Wingeate Pike
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203155
- eISBN:
- 9780191675751
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203155.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter discusses war and its opportunities; exploits of the Spaniards: the case and cult of Rubén Ruiz; the PCE leadership rent by scandal; the Politburo reduced to a troika; the death of Diaz; ...
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This chapter discusses war and its opportunities; exploits of the Spaniards: the case and cult of Rubén Ruiz; the PCE leadership rent by scandal; the Politburo reduced to a troika; the death of Diaz; the problem of the succession: Hernández versus Pasionaria; the departure of Hernández for Mexico; Hernández expelled from the Party; the fate of the Republican pilots and seamen; and rendezvous at Karaganda.Less
This chapter discusses war and its opportunities; exploits of the Spaniards: the case and cult of Rubén Ruiz; the PCE leadership rent by scandal; the Politburo reduced to a troika; the death of Diaz; the problem of the succession: Hernández versus Pasionaria; the departure of Hernández for Mexico; Hernández expelled from the Party; the fate of the Republican pilots and seamen; and rendezvous at Karaganda.
Rachel Willie
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719087639
- eISBN:
- 9781526104052
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087639.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Although the theatres officially remained closed between 1642 and 1660, from 1656, William Davenant staged entertainments, first at his home in Rutland House, then at the Cockpit theatre in Drury ...
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Although the theatres officially remained closed between 1642 and 1660, from 1656, William Davenant staged entertainments, first at his home in Rutland House, then at the Cockpit theatre in Drury Lane. Chapter three shows how Davenant, a prominent writer and producer of court masques in the 1630s and 1640s, reinvented the Stuart court masque to make it fit for the protectorate stage. Through his protectorate entertainments, The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru (1658) and The History of Sir Francis Drake (1659), Davenant celebrates Cromwellian foreign policy and provides a counter-narrative to the image of Cromwell as the scheming politician that is present in many contemporary play pamphlets. The chapter also addresses James Shirley’s Cupid and Death, performed for the Portuguese Ambassador in 1653. By drawing on John Ogilby’s royalist translation of Aesop’s Fables (1651), Shirley writes a masque that is ambivalent about kingship and mediates much of the royalist bias present in Ogilby’s text.Less
Although the theatres officially remained closed between 1642 and 1660, from 1656, William Davenant staged entertainments, first at his home in Rutland House, then at the Cockpit theatre in Drury Lane. Chapter three shows how Davenant, a prominent writer and producer of court masques in the 1630s and 1640s, reinvented the Stuart court masque to make it fit for the protectorate stage. Through his protectorate entertainments, The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru (1658) and The History of Sir Francis Drake (1659), Davenant celebrates Cromwellian foreign policy and provides a counter-narrative to the image of Cromwell as the scheming politician that is present in many contemporary play pamphlets. The chapter also addresses James Shirley’s Cupid and Death, performed for the Portuguese Ambassador in 1653. By drawing on John Ogilby’s royalist translation of Aesop’s Fables (1651), Shirley writes a masque that is ambivalent about kingship and mediates much of the royalist bias present in Ogilby’s text.
Caterina Pizzigoni
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691190754
- eISBN:
- 9780691194165
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691190754.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter assesses ritual change in colonial Mexico. The arrival of the Spaniards catalyzed the transformation. They brought with them a new faith and a matching package of ritual practices, not ...
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This chapter assesses ritual change in colonial Mexico. The arrival of the Spaniards catalyzed the transformation. They brought with them a new faith and a matching package of ritual practices, not least among them the veneration of saints. Indigenous populations themselves had strong beliefs about the right layout of the home and the place of sacred objects within it. They absorbed the cult of the saints into their own frame of understanding, welcoming images of Jesus and Mary into the household first and then more personalized figures over time. All the while, Spanish officials policed how the images were fabricated and made use of in order to ensure that there was no straying from orthodox belief. From this encounter, sometimes repressive though not always so, a “new cult” was formed, the absorption of imported rituals over time enfolding indigenous peoples into a new system of belief—Christianity.Less
This chapter assesses ritual change in colonial Mexico. The arrival of the Spaniards catalyzed the transformation. They brought with them a new faith and a matching package of ritual practices, not least among them the veneration of saints. Indigenous populations themselves had strong beliefs about the right layout of the home and the place of sacred objects within it. They absorbed the cult of the saints into their own frame of understanding, welcoming images of Jesus and Mary into the household first and then more personalized figures over time. All the while, Spanish officials policed how the images were fabricated and made use of in order to ensure that there was no straying from orthodox belief. From this encounter, sometimes repressive though not always so, a “new cult” was formed, the absorption of imported rituals over time enfolding indigenous peoples into a new system of belief—Christianity.
Gilbert C. Din
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813037523
- eISBN:
- 9780813042145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813037523.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Some Seminoles disdained the peace treaty, but others wanted it and signed their adherence to the peace in December 1802. Kinache of Miccosukee, however, returned to aid Bowles. He still tried to ...
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Some Seminoles disdained the peace treaty, but others wanted it and signed their adherence to the peace in December 1802. Kinache of Miccosukee, however, returned to aid Bowles. He still tried to cause more harm. Indians, however, refused to surrender all prisoners, and sporadic attacks continued at San Marcos. Anti-Bowles chiefs wanted the 4,500-peso reward. Since Seminoles and Lower Creeks were deserting him, Bowles sought and failed to find help from the Upper Creeks. Many chiefs refused to hear his harangues. In early 1803, Bowles rapidly lost supporters. At the May Indian conference, his final Seminole supporters surrendered Bowles, who had attended the meeting, to guards who conveyed him to New Orleans. They received 1,500 pesos immediately and more money later. Bowles was sent to Havana in June 1803, and it ended the turmoil that he had caused.Less
Some Seminoles disdained the peace treaty, but others wanted it and signed their adherence to the peace in December 1802. Kinache of Miccosukee, however, returned to aid Bowles. He still tried to cause more harm. Indians, however, refused to surrender all prisoners, and sporadic attacks continued at San Marcos. Anti-Bowles chiefs wanted the 4,500-peso reward. Since Seminoles and Lower Creeks were deserting him, Bowles sought and failed to find help from the Upper Creeks. Many chiefs refused to hear his harangues. In early 1803, Bowles rapidly lost supporters. At the May Indian conference, his final Seminole supporters surrendered Bowles, who had attended the meeting, to guards who conveyed him to New Orleans. They received 1,500 pesos immediately and more money later. Bowles was sent to Havana in June 1803, and it ended the turmoil that he had caused.
Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813035406
- eISBN:
- 9780813038377
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813035406.003.0025
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
This chapter describes the travails of Captain Francisco de Orellana and his fifty companions from the encampment of the governor of Quito, Gonzalo Pizarro, brother of the Marquis don Francisco ...
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This chapter describes the travails of Captain Francisco de Orellana and his fifty companions from the encampment of the governor of Quito, Gonzalo Pizarro, brother of the Marquis don Francisco Pizarro, appointed governor of New Castile (or Peru) by the Caesarean Majesty of the emperor-king. Captain Gonzalo Pizarro went inland on a mission of discovery and conquest of the province of Canela as some cinnamon collected by Indians which had passed from hand to hand had come to the attention of the Spaniards in Quito in the southern Antarctic Pole. The news was welcome, as it was thought that the discovery of such groves and spices would result in great service to God in the conversion of the Indians who possessed the cinnamon and a very useful increase for the royal treasury as well as many other benefits and revelations expected from this enterprise.Less
This chapter describes the travails of Captain Francisco de Orellana and his fifty companions from the encampment of the governor of Quito, Gonzalo Pizarro, brother of the Marquis don Francisco Pizarro, appointed governor of New Castile (or Peru) by the Caesarean Majesty of the emperor-king. Captain Gonzalo Pizarro went inland on a mission of discovery and conquest of the province of Canela as some cinnamon collected by Indians which had passed from hand to hand had come to the attention of the Spaniards in Quito in the southern Antarctic Pole. The news was welcome, as it was thought that the discovery of such groves and spices would result in great service to God in the conversion of the Indians who possessed the cinnamon and a very useful increase for the royal treasury as well as many other benefits and revelations expected from this enterprise.
Natale A. Zappia
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781469615844
- eISBN:
- 9781469619842
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469615844.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
This chapter explores how trade and political alliances forged an interethnic Indian world ultimately leading to the dominance of a few key groups, including the powerful Quechan alliance along the ...
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This chapter explores how trade and political alliances forged an interethnic Indian world ultimately leading to the dominance of a few key groups, including the powerful Quechan alliance along the Lower Colorado River. Emerging late in the seventeenth century, the power of the Quechans derived from Indigenous trading networks forged during the onset of the Little Ice Age in the fourteenth century. Throughout the eighteenth century, the Quechan and Maricopa alliances engaged in trading partnerships and competition along these routes. Ultimately, the advantageous location of the Quechans allowed them to emerge as one of the most dominant groups. They fiercely held onto this power throughout the eighteenth century even in the face of Spanish attempts to seize control of their territory. The chapter concludes with the Quechan victory and expulsion of the Spaniards in 1781.Less
This chapter explores how trade and political alliances forged an interethnic Indian world ultimately leading to the dominance of a few key groups, including the powerful Quechan alliance along the Lower Colorado River. Emerging late in the seventeenth century, the power of the Quechans derived from Indigenous trading networks forged during the onset of the Little Ice Age in the fourteenth century. Throughout the eighteenth century, the Quechan and Maricopa alliances engaged in trading partnerships and competition along these routes. Ultimately, the advantageous location of the Quechans allowed them to emerge as one of the most dominant groups. They fiercely held onto this power throughout the eighteenth century even in the face of Spanish attempts to seize control of their territory. The chapter concludes with the Quechan victory and expulsion of the Spaniards in 1781.
Geraldine J. Rasmussen, Kirk Branson, and John O. Mckelvy
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520240827
- eISBN:
- 9780520930858
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520240827.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Porcupine Cave is located at the southern end of South Park, which encompasses a rich history. Among many who left their mark are the American Indians, Spaniards, trappers, government surveyors, ...
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Porcupine Cave is located at the southern end of South Park, which encompasses a rich history. Among many who left their mark are the American Indians, Spaniards, trappers, government surveyors, prospectors, miners, ranchers, railroaders, oil and gas explorers, and more recently, cavers and paleontologists. This chapter introduces South Park and some highlights of its history, people, activities, and stories—including the discovery, exploration, and unearthing of the Pleistocene fossils of Porcupine Cave. It describes the discovery and early exploration of the Porcupine Cave, as well as the history of the ownership of the Porcupine Cave property.Less
Porcupine Cave is located at the southern end of South Park, which encompasses a rich history. Among many who left their mark are the American Indians, Spaniards, trappers, government surveyors, prospectors, miners, ranchers, railroaders, oil and gas explorers, and more recently, cavers and paleontologists. This chapter introduces South Park and some highlights of its history, people, activities, and stories—including the discovery, exploration, and unearthing of the Pleistocene fossils of Porcupine Cave. It describes the discovery and early exploration of the Porcupine Cave, as well as the history of the ownership of the Porcupine Cave property.
Andrew W. Devereux
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781501740121
- eISBN:
- 9781501740145
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501740121.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Via rigorous study of the legal arguments that Spain developed to justify its acts of war and conquest, this book illuminates Spain's expansionary ventures in the Mediterranean in the late fifteenth ...
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Via rigorous study of the legal arguments that Spain developed to justify its acts of war and conquest, this book illuminates Spain's expansionary ventures in the Mediterranean in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. The book proposes and explores an important yet hitherto unstudied connection between the different rationales that Spanish jurists and theologians developed in the Mediterranean and in the Americas. It describes the ways in which Spaniards conceived of these two theatres of imperial ambition as complementary parts of a whole. At precisely the moment that Spain was establishing its first colonies in the Caribbean, the Crown directed a series of Old World conquests that encompassed the Kingdom of Naples, Navarre, and a string of presidios along the coast of North Africa. Projected conquests in the eastern Mediterranean never took place, but the Crown seriously contemplated assaults on Egypt, Greece, Turkey, and Palestine. The book elucidates the relationship between the legal doctrines on which Spain based its expansionary claims in the Old World and the New. It vastly expands our understanding of the ways in which Spaniards, at the dawn of the early modern era, thought about religious and ethnic difference, and how this informed political thought on just war and empire. While focusing on imperial projects in the Mediterranean, the book simultaneously presents a novel contextual background for understanding the origins of European colonialism in the Americas.Less
Via rigorous study of the legal arguments that Spain developed to justify its acts of war and conquest, this book illuminates Spain's expansionary ventures in the Mediterranean in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. The book proposes and explores an important yet hitherto unstudied connection between the different rationales that Spanish jurists and theologians developed in the Mediterranean and in the Americas. It describes the ways in which Spaniards conceived of these two theatres of imperial ambition as complementary parts of a whole. At precisely the moment that Spain was establishing its first colonies in the Caribbean, the Crown directed a series of Old World conquests that encompassed the Kingdom of Naples, Navarre, and a string of presidios along the coast of North Africa. Projected conquests in the eastern Mediterranean never took place, but the Crown seriously contemplated assaults on Egypt, Greece, Turkey, and Palestine. The book elucidates the relationship between the legal doctrines on which Spain based its expansionary claims in the Old World and the New. It vastly expands our understanding of the ways in which Spaniards, at the dawn of the early modern era, thought about religious and ethnic difference, and how this informed political thought on just war and empire. While focusing on imperial projects in the Mediterranean, the book simultaneously presents a novel contextual background for understanding the origins of European colonialism in the Americas.
Scott K. Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300126853
- eISBN:
- 9780300151695
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300126853.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Early modern Spain has long been viewed as having a culture obsessed with honor, where a man resorted to violence when his or his wife's honor was threatened, especially through sexual disgrace. This ...
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Early modern Spain has long been viewed as having a culture obsessed with honor, where a man resorted to violence when his or his wife's honor was threatened, especially through sexual disgrace. This book overturns this idea, arguing that the way Spanish men and women actually behaved was very different from the behavior depicted in dueling manuals, law books, and “honor plays” of the period. Drawing on criminal and other records to assess the character of violence among non-elite Spaniards, the author finds that appealing to honor was a rhetorical strategy, and that insults, gestures, and violence were all part of a varied repertoire which allowed both men and women to decide how to dispute issues of truth and reputation.Less
Early modern Spain has long been viewed as having a culture obsessed with honor, where a man resorted to violence when his or his wife's honor was threatened, especially through sexual disgrace. This book overturns this idea, arguing that the way Spanish men and women actually behaved was very different from the behavior depicted in dueling manuals, law books, and “honor plays” of the period. Drawing on criminal and other records to assess the character of violence among non-elite Spaniards, the author finds that appealing to honor was a rhetorical strategy, and that insults, gestures, and violence were all part of a varied repertoire which allowed both men and women to decide how to dispute issues of truth and reputation.
Tamar Herzog
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300092530
- eISBN:
- 9780300129830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300092530.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This book concludes by presenting the problems regarding immigrants in Spanish America, such as how to distinguish good immigrants from bad, and who has the authority to make this decision. The ...
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This book concludes by presenting the problems regarding immigrants in Spanish America, such as how to distinguish good immigrants from bad, and who has the authority to make this decision. The question of which immigrants should be accepted and which should not was important to early modern Spaniards. The distinction between citizens and noncitizens, natives and foreigners was ultimately presented as an opposition between goodwilled people who were integrated into the community, wished to remain in it permanently, and were willing to comply with its duties and bad-intentioned people who did not. These latter were transients who refused to tie themselves permanently to the community, avoided integration into it, and wished only to benefit from privileges.Less
This book concludes by presenting the problems regarding immigrants in Spanish America, such as how to distinguish good immigrants from bad, and who has the authority to make this decision. The question of which immigrants should be accepted and which should not was important to early modern Spaniards. The distinction between citizens and noncitizens, natives and foreigners was ultimately presented as an opposition between goodwilled people who were integrated into the community, wished to remain in it permanently, and were willing to comply with its duties and bad-intentioned people who did not. These latter were transients who refused to tie themselves permanently to the community, avoided integration into it, and wished only to benefit from privileges.
Susan Martin-Marquez
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300125207
- eISBN:
- 9780300152524
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300125207.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter explores a number of figures who are central to the articulation of the alterity of the self, including numerous pioneering anthropologists, the African explorer Manuel Iradier, and ...
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This chapter explores a number of figures who are central to the articulation of the alterity of the self, including numerous pioneering anthropologists, the African explorer Manuel Iradier, and Ángel Ganivet. It argues that such alterity was experienced by a small number of Spaniards in the late 1800s, before the sequelae of neo-colonialist fervor had distracted the national attention from postcolonial disorientation: when they have discovered in fact that the self is inscribed in the Alter that the self needs to define itself against.Less
This chapter explores a number of figures who are central to the articulation of the alterity of the self, including numerous pioneering anthropologists, the African explorer Manuel Iradier, and Ángel Ganivet. It argues that such alterity was experienced by a small number of Spaniards in the late 1800s, before the sequelae of neo-colonialist fervor had distracted the national attention from postcolonial disorientation: when they have discovered in fact that the self is inscribed in the Alter that the self needs to define itself against.
Susan Martin-Marquez
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300125207
- eISBN:
- 9780300152524
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300125207.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter discusses the events surrounding the advent of democratic governance in Spain. When Franco died in 1975, the metropolitan Spaniards scrambled to identify prototypes that would allow them ...
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This chapter discusses the events surrounding the advent of democratic governance in Spain. When Franco died in 1975, the metropolitan Spaniards scrambled to identify prototypes that would allow them to create a new nation. Their somewhat smooth transition to democratic governance was seen both as surprising and exemplary at that time. It can be assumed that, since Spanish colonialism in Africa had died along with Franco, the Andalusi legacy would no longer play an important role in the imagination of the Iberian nation's identity and destiny. However, Spain's medieval past was once again invoked, as Spaniards have struggled to reconcile centralist and peripheral nationalisms, reconsider their role in the world, and negotiate the significant increase of immigrants.Less
This chapter discusses the events surrounding the advent of democratic governance in Spain. When Franco died in 1975, the metropolitan Spaniards scrambled to identify prototypes that would allow them to create a new nation. Their somewhat smooth transition to democratic governance was seen both as surprising and exemplary at that time. It can be assumed that, since Spanish colonialism in Africa had died along with Franco, the Andalusi legacy would no longer play an important role in the imagination of the Iberian nation's identity and destiny. However, Spain's medieval past was once again invoked, as Spaniards have struggled to reconcile centralist and peripheral nationalisms, reconsider their role in the world, and negotiate the significant increase of immigrants.
Kathleen Deagan and José María Cruxent
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300090413
- eISBN:
- 9780300133912
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300090413.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter discusses the different aspects of Taínos at La Isabela. The Caribbean that Columbus encountered was the domain of indigenous societies who had been there for centuries. The largest of ...
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This chapter discusses the different aspects of Taínos at La Isabela. The Caribbean that Columbus encountered was the domain of indigenous societies who had been there for centuries. The largest of these in the Greater Antilles were the Taínos, and neither the Taínos nor the Spaniards were completely ignorant of each other when La Isabela was established. There is a great deal of ethnohistorical and archaeological information available concerning the Taíno from a European perspective. There were several Taíno towns within a few miles of La Isabela, and both Columbus and Chanca noted that the Indians were constantly coming and going in the Spanish settlement, bartering gold and foodstuffs for bits of glass, metal, and trinkets. The disease brought unwittingly by the Spaniards to Hispaniola irrevocably devastated the Native American inhabitants.Less
This chapter discusses the different aspects of Taínos at La Isabela. The Caribbean that Columbus encountered was the domain of indigenous societies who had been there for centuries. The largest of these in the Greater Antilles were the Taínos, and neither the Taínos nor the Spaniards were completely ignorant of each other when La Isabela was established. There is a great deal of ethnohistorical and archaeological information available concerning the Taíno from a European perspective. There were several Taíno towns within a few miles of La Isabela, and both Columbus and Chanca noted that the Indians were constantly coming and going in the Spanish settlement, bartering gold and foodstuffs for bits of glass, metal, and trinkets. The disease brought unwittingly by the Spaniards to Hispaniola irrevocably devastated the Native American inhabitants.
