Jon K. Chang
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780824856786
- eISBN:
- 9780824872205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824856786.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Chapter 7 examines the Korean deportation and the Korean’s new lives in Central Asia. The Koreans began to be deported in late August 1937. The trip to Central Asia by train generally took one month. ...
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Chapter 7 examines the Korean deportation and the Korean’s new lives in Central Asia. The Koreans began to be deported in late August 1937. The trip to Central Asia by train generally took one month. Around 25 or more people would be crammed into one train wagon for one month. Many of the elderly and young children and infants died on the way to Central Asia. Koreans in the border villages with Manchuria and Korea were given the option of going there instead in lieu of deportation. Some five to ten thousand Koreans took this alternative. However, if there had truly been Japanese spies, the USSR would not have allowed this. Some two thousand Koreans remained on North Sakhalin working on the Soviet-Japanese joint ventures extracting oil, gas, timber, minerals and other resources despite an order for a complete deportation. These joint ventures produced hard currency (paid by Japan for resources extracted) for the Soviet leaders in Moscow.Less
Chapter 7 examines the Korean deportation and the Korean’s new lives in Central Asia. The Koreans began to be deported in late August 1937. The trip to Central Asia by train generally took one month. Around 25 or more people would be crammed into one train wagon for one month. Many of the elderly and young children and infants died on the way to Central Asia. Koreans in the border villages with Manchuria and Korea were given the option of going there instead in lieu of deportation. Some five to ten thousand Koreans took this alternative. However, if there had truly been Japanese spies, the USSR would not have allowed this. Some two thousand Koreans remained on North Sakhalin working on the Soviet-Japanese joint ventures extracting oil, gas, timber, minerals and other resources despite an order for a complete deportation. These joint ventures produced hard currency (paid by Japan for resources extracted) for the Soviet leaders in Moscow.
Kiril Tomoff
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780801444111
- eISBN:
- 9781501730023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801444111.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Russian and Former Soviet Union History
This chapter assesses the extraordinary rewards that simultaneously reflected a composer's authority with elite audiences and, by conferring official prestige, molded that authority and shaped the ...
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This chapter assesses the extraordinary rewards that simultaneously reflected a composer's authority with elite audiences and, by conferring official prestige, molded that authority and shaped the audience's tastes. Honorary titles and Stalin Prizes made and marked the pinnacle of the Soviet cultural elite. Taken together, professional authority, prestige, official status, and unofficial recognition constituted composers' intellectual or creative authority, both individually and as an elite group in Stalinist society. Though diverse audiences granted the authority required to qualify for these extraordinary awards, the criteria by which they were granted were essentially determined by the professional elite, especially members of the Stalin Prize Committee. This committee formed a crucial interface between the Stalinist political leadership and the creative intelligentsia. Ultimately, the musical elite's agency to interpret musical value was used to translate creative authority into social hierarchies and material privilege.Less
This chapter assesses the extraordinary rewards that simultaneously reflected a composer's authority with elite audiences and, by conferring official prestige, molded that authority and shaped the audience's tastes. Honorary titles and Stalin Prizes made and marked the pinnacle of the Soviet cultural elite. Taken together, professional authority, prestige, official status, and unofficial recognition constituted composers' intellectual or creative authority, both individually and as an elite group in Stalinist society. Though diverse audiences granted the authority required to qualify for these extraordinary awards, the criteria by which they were granted were essentially determined by the professional elite, especially members of the Stalin Prize Committee. This committee formed a crucial interface between the Stalinist political leadership and the creative intelligentsia. Ultimately, the musical elite's agency to interpret musical value was used to translate creative authority into social hierarchies and material privilege.
