Norrin M. Ripsman and T. V. Paul
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195393903
- eISBN:
- 9780199776832
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393903.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Aside from the major powers, there are other important security actors whose power, interests, and influence are more limited, but still are key players in the affairs of their own region and who ...
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Aside from the major powers, there are other important security actors whose power, interests, and influence are more limited, but still are key players in the affairs of their own region and who also participate, to some degree, on the world stage. This chapter focuses on second-tier powers that inhabit relatively stable regions. It shows that the experience of the leading powers in stable regions since 1990 has been more consistent with many of the globalization school's hypotheses on security than that of the major powers. In particular, the analysis has confirmed a greater integration of regional security institutions into national security plans, greater priority given to non-traditional threats, and the complete abandonment of offensive doctrines. These states also share the major powers' newfound focus on combating terrorism and developing an internal policing dimension to their national security establishments.Less
Aside from the major powers, there are other important security actors whose power, interests, and influence are more limited, but still are key players in the affairs of their own region and who also participate, to some degree, on the world stage. This chapter focuses on second-tier powers that inhabit relatively stable regions. It shows that the experience of the leading powers in stable regions since 1990 has been more consistent with many of the globalization school's hypotheses on security than that of the major powers. In particular, the analysis has confirmed a greater integration of regional security institutions into national security plans, greater priority given to non-traditional threats, and the complete abandonment of offensive doctrines. These states also share the major powers' newfound focus on combating terrorism and developing an internal policing dimension to their national security establishments.
Kaoru Sugihara
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198292715
- eISBN:
- 9780191602580
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198292715.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines Chinese migration to Southeast Asia from 1869 to 1939. During this period, complex movements of migrant workers to, from, and within Southeast Asia took place. These were ...
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This chapter examines Chinese migration to Southeast Asia from 1869 to 1939. During this period, complex movements of migrant workers to, from, and within Southeast Asia took place. These were centred around Singapore and they were supported by ethno-linguistic networks. While networks were exclusive against outsiders (e.g., Fukienese networks served only its people), the establishment of extensive networks suggests that by the early 20th century, migration no longer depended on personal contacts.Less
This chapter examines Chinese migration to Southeast Asia from 1869 to 1939. During this period, complex movements of migrant workers to, from, and within Southeast Asia took place. These were centred around Singapore and they were supported by ethno-linguistic networks. While networks were exclusive against outsiders (e.g., Fukienese networks served only its people), the establishment of extensive networks suggests that by the early 20th century, migration no longer depended on personal contacts.
BRUCE A. LASKY and M. R. K. PRASAD
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195381146
- eISBN:
- 9780199869305
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195381146.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter focuses on the recent development of clinical legal education in a number of Southeast Asian nations, including Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Cambodia, ...
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This chapter focuses on the recent development of clinical legal education in a number of Southeast Asian nations, including Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Cambodia, along with a comparative analysis of this development with that of the longer-existing clinical movement in India. It explores the means and methods utilized—and challenges faced—in establishing such programs, many of which now contain a social justice mission. It also describes how clinical programs operate in sharp contrast to traditional law teaching methods in the region that focused historically on rote memorization without teaching lawyering skills. The chapter notes specific benchmark events in the development of clinics in the region and highlights a number of the key actors, organizations, and institutions involved. It also explores ways that these new clinical programs can serve as positive examples for the future expansion of clinical education throughout the region.Less
This chapter focuses on the recent development of clinical legal education in a number of Southeast Asian nations, including Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Cambodia, along with a comparative analysis of this development with that of the longer-existing clinical movement in India. It explores the means and methods utilized—and challenges faced—in establishing such programs, many of which now contain a social justice mission. It also describes how clinical programs operate in sharp contrast to traditional law teaching methods in the region that focused historically on rote memorization without teaching lawyering skills. The chapter notes specific benchmark events in the development of clinics in the region and highlights a number of the key actors, organizations, and institutions involved. It also explores ways that these new clinical programs can serve as positive examples for the future expansion of clinical education throughout the region.
See Seng Tan
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781529200720
- eISBN:
- 9781529200751
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529200720.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This introductory chapter presents the aims and architecture of the book. It introduces an emerging ethic of responsible sovereignty in Southeast Asia, which it calls the ‘responsibility to provide’ ...
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This introductory chapter presents the aims and architecture of the book. It introduces an emerging ethic of responsible sovereignty in Southeast Asia, which it calls the ‘responsibility to provide’ (or R2Provide), and seeks an ethical explanation for it. The chapter provides synopses of the eight chapters that follow, which collectively accomplish the book’s three objectives. Firstly, it identifies and assesses a number of regional developments in defence, security, diplomatic and economic cooperation in which Southeast Asian countries, individually as well as institutionally through ASEAN and its various functional manifestations and modalities, have sought to assist one another in collective response to challenging situations. Secondly, it discusses how the R2Provide has taken root in Southeast Asia, albeit more deeply so in some countries than others, as well as within ASEAN and its various functional subsidiaries and spinoffs, such as the ADMM, the ADMM-Plus, the AHA Centre and the like. Thirdly, contra communitarian and liberal perspectives on ethics, it introduces and critically applies the ethics of Emmanuel Levinas, specifically his notion of responsibility for the other, to the R2Provide and more broadly to the quest for responsible interstate conduct in Southeast Asia.Less
This introductory chapter presents the aims and architecture of the book. It introduces an emerging ethic of responsible sovereignty in Southeast Asia, which it calls the ‘responsibility to provide’ (or R2Provide), and seeks an ethical explanation for it. The chapter provides synopses of the eight chapters that follow, which collectively accomplish the book’s three objectives. Firstly, it identifies and assesses a number of regional developments in defence, security, diplomatic and economic cooperation in which Southeast Asian countries, individually as well as institutionally through ASEAN and its various functional manifestations and modalities, have sought to assist one another in collective response to challenging situations. Secondly, it discusses how the R2Provide has taken root in Southeast Asia, albeit more deeply so in some countries than others, as well as within ASEAN and its various functional subsidiaries and spinoffs, such as the ADMM, the ADMM-Plus, the AHA Centre and the like. Thirdly, contra communitarian and liberal perspectives on ethics, it introduces and critically applies the ethics of Emmanuel Levinas, specifically his notion of responsibility for the other, to the R2Provide and more broadly to the quest for responsible interstate conduct in Southeast Asia.
A. C. S. Peacock and Annabel Teh Gallop
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265819
- eISBN:
- 9780191771972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265819.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter discusses the emergence and development of the relationship between Southeast Asia and the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, concentrating on the three principal themes that defined this ...
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This chapter discusses the emergence and development of the relationship between Southeast Asia and the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, concentrating on the three principal themes that defined this relationship: Islam, trade relations and politics. While particular attention is given to the Ottoman relationship with Aceh, their involvement with other Muslim polities on the Malay peninsula and archipelagic Southeast Asia is also considered. An overview is given of the state of the art of historiography in the field, as well as its broader relevance to the study of the Indian Ocean world and to the history of colonialism. The chapter also reflects on the Southeast Asian idealisation of Rum, as the Ottoman lands were known.Less
This chapter discusses the emergence and development of the relationship between Southeast Asia and the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, concentrating on the three principal themes that defined this relationship: Islam, trade relations and politics. While particular attention is given to the Ottoman relationship with Aceh, their involvement with other Muslim polities on the Malay peninsula and archipelagic Southeast Asia is also considered. An overview is given of the state of the art of historiography in the field, as well as its broader relevance to the study of the Indian Ocean world and to the history of colonialism. The chapter also reflects on the Southeast Asian idealisation of Rum, as the Ottoman lands were known.
Robert W. Hefner
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832803
- eISBN:
- 9780824868970
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832803.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This introductory chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to shed light on the varieties and politics of Islamic education in modern Southeast Asia. The contributors aim to provide a ...
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This introductory chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to shed light on the varieties and politics of Islamic education in modern Southeast Asia. The contributors aim to provide a sense of just where Islamic education is going by examining where, culturally and politically speaking, it has come from. The book focuses on schools in five countries: the region's two dominant Muslim-majority countries, Malaysia (60% Muslim) and Indonesia (87.8% Muslim), and three countries with especially restless Muslim minorities, the Philippines, Thailand, and Cambodia. The remainder of the chapter examines the varieties and genealogies of Islamic schooling in Southeast Asia; highlights the relationship between Islamic education in Southeast Asia and that in the Middle East; and provides an overview of the subsequent chapters.Less
This introductory chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to shed light on the varieties and politics of Islamic education in modern Southeast Asia. The contributors aim to provide a sense of just where Islamic education is going by examining where, culturally and politically speaking, it has come from. The book focuses on schools in five countries: the region's two dominant Muslim-majority countries, Malaysia (60% Muslim) and Indonesia (87.8% Muslim), and three countries with especially restless Muslim minorities, the Philippines, Thailand, and Cambodia. The remainder of the chapter examines the varieties and genealogies of Islamic schooling in Southeast Asia; highlights the relationship between Islamic education in Southeast Asia and that in the Middle East; and provides an overview of the subsequent chapters.
Simon Creak
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781503610187
- eISBN:
- 9781503611016
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503610187.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Despite being minnows on the world stage, Thailand and the newly independent countries of Southeast Asia embraced sport during the Cold War as a means of nation and region building. This essay ...
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Despite being minnows on the world stage, Thailand and the newly independent countries of Southeast Asia embraced sport during the Cold War as a means of nation and region building. This essay examines the political dimensions of the South East Asia Peninsular Games—the precursor of today’s Southeast Asian Games—founded in 1959 by US ally Thailand. This event reflected and reinforced the Cold War culture of Thailand and Southeast Asia. The games embodied motifs of regional friendship and antagonism between the “free” anti-Communist and neutralist nations of peninsular Southeast Asia; domestically, they embodied key themes in the domestic Cold War culture of Thailand, including nationalism, developmentalism, the revival of the monarchy, and militarization. This essay examines the Thai military junta’s objectives in founding the event, the effectiveness of the inaugural South East Asia Peninsular (SEAP) Games, and the cultural and semiotic features that reinforced the games’ major themes.Less
Despite being minnows on the world stage, Thailand and the newly independent countries of Southeast Asia embraced sport during the Cold War as a means of nation and region building. This essay examines the political dimensions of the South East Asia Peninsular Games—the precursor of today’s Southeast Asian Games—founded in 1959 by US ally Thailand. This event reflected and reinforced the Cold War culture of Thailand and Southeast Asia. The games embodied motifs of regional friendship and antagonism between the “free” anti-Communist and neutralist nations of peninsular Southeast Asia; domestically, they embodied key themes in the domestic Cold War culture of Thailand, including nationalism, developmentalism, the revival of the monarchy, and militarization. This essay examines the Thai military junta’s objectives in founding the event, the effectiveness of the inaugural South East Asia Peninsular (SEAP) Games, and the cultural and semiotic features that reinforced the games’ major themes.
A. C. S. Peacock
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265819
- eISBN:
- 9780191771972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265819.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
Southeast Asia was linked to the Ottoman Empire by economic ties, in particular the spice trade, but the nature of this relationship is poorly understood, especially for the seventeenth century. Its ...
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Southeast Asia was linked to the Ottoman Empire by economic ties, in particular the spice trade, but the nature of this relationship is poorly understood, especially for the seventeenth century. Its study is hampered by the lack of archival evidence, and this chapter draws on a variety of sources, both literary and archival, to investigate Southeast Asian exports to the Ottoman lands. It argues, in contrast to much existing scholarship, that direct commercial links remained important throughout the period, and that European traders such as the Dutch East India Company (VOC) remained largely excluded from this trade till the end of the seventeenth century. Ottoman exports to Southeast Asia, predominantly textiles and horses, are also examined. The chapter also considers the role of Ottoman subjects who sought to make their fortunes in Southeast Asia.Less
Southeast Asia was linked to the Ottoman Empire by economic ties, in particular the spice trade, but the nature of this relationship is poorly understood, especially for the seventeenth century. Its study is hampered by the lack of archival evidence, and this chapter draws on a variety of sources, both literary and archival, to investigate Southeast Asian exports to the Ottoman lands. It argues, in contrast to much existing scholarship, that direct commercial links remained important throughout the period, and that European traders such as the Dutch East India Company (VOC) remained largely excluded from this trade till the end of the seventeenth century. Ottoman exports to Southeast Asia, predominantly textiles and horses, are also examined. The chapter also considers the role of Ottoman subjects who sought to make their fortunes in Southeast Asia.
Yuki Shiozaki
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780748696857
- eISBN:
- 9781474412247
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748696857.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter demonstrates how exposure to al Azhar led over time to the complete transformation of the methodology adopted by independent ulama and state religious platforms to issue fatwas in ...
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This chapter demonstrates how exposure to al Azhar led over time to the complete transformation of the methodology adopted by independent ulama and state religious platforms to issue fatwas in Southeast Asia. It examines the mainstreaming of Salafi methodology — inspired by the work of Muhammad Abduh — in place of the taqlīd of the traditional Shafi'i School in Southeast Asia for the issuing of fatwas. A number of factors, including the establishment of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, led to a shift to al Azhar as opposed to Mecca being the base for Southeast Asian Muslim scholars. By comparing Southeast Asia fatwas of the early twentieth century against those issued in the 1970s, the chapter shows how the transition from Mecca to Cairo led to the mainstreaming of Salafi methodology.Less
This chapter demonstrates how exposure to al Azhar led over time to the complete transformation of the methodology adopted by independent ulama and state religious platforms to issue fatwas in Southeast Asia. It examines the mainstreaming of Salafi methodology — inspired by the work of Muhammad Abduh — in place of the taqlīd of the traditional Shafi'i School in Southeast Asia for the issuing of fatwas. A number of factors, including the establishment of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, led to a shift to al Azhar as opposed to Mecca being the base for Southeast Asian Muslim scholars. By comparing Southeast Asia fatwas of the early twentieth century against those issued in the 1970s, the chapter shows how the transition from Mecca to Cairo led to the mainstreaming of Salafi methodology.
Carool Kersten
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780748681839
- eISBN:
- 9781474434973
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748681839.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
The arrival of Islam in Indonesia is bound up with developments in the wider geographical area of Southeast Asia. This chapter presents a broader angle than the current political boundaries of the ...
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The arrival of Islam in Indonesia is bound up with developments in the wider geographical area of Southeast Asia. This chapter presents a broader angle than the current political boundaries of the Republic of Indonesia. The chapter addresses the question of the relatively late local acceptance of Islam, even though Southeast Asia’s contacts with the Middle East and South Asia go back to pre-Islamic times. Based on a critical assessment of the historiography of Southeast Asian Islam, the chapter will identify four key issues that are relevant for a balanced account of the Islamization process: Time frame (13th century); Provenance (theories propose various origins: South Asia, Middle East, and China; Agency (Merchants, religious professionals (missionaries, Sufis), local involvement); Motivations (political, commercial, colonial, religious factors). The emerging picture consists of a variety of starting points, numerous modalities for the diffusion of Islam, positioning the Indian Ocean basin as a vital contact zone. The associated ‘single ocean concept’ turned it into a ‘neutral water’ links the history of the Islamization of Southeast Asia to the newly emerging scholarly field of Indian Ocean studiesLess
The arrival of Islam in Indonesia is bound up with developments in the wider geographical area of Southeast Asia. This chapter presents a broader angle than the current political boundaries of the Republic of Indonesia. The chapter addresses the question of the relatively late local acceptance of Islam, even though Southeast Asia’s contacts with the Middle East and South Asia go back to pre-Islamic times. Based on a critical assessment of the historiography of Southeast Asian Islam, the chapter will identify four key issues that are relevant for a balanced account of the Islamization process: Time frame (13th century); Provenance (theories propose various origins: South Asia, Middle East, and China; Agency (Merchants, religious professionals (missionaries, Sufis), local involvement); Motivations (political, commercial, colonial, religious factors). The emerging picture consists of a variety of starting points, numerous modalities for the diffusion of Islam, positioning the Indian Ocean basin as a vital contact zone. The associated ‘single ocean concept’ turned it into a ‘neutral water’ links the history of the Islamization of Southeast Asia to the newly emerging scholarly field of Indian Ocean studies
Jean-Pascal Bassino and Jeffrey Gale Williamson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198753643
- eISBN:
- 9780191815232
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753643.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, Economic History, World Modern History
Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand emerged unexpectedly in the 1960s and 1970s as fast-growing, labour-intensive manufacturing countries. Their industrial growth rates closely matched those of Japan, ...
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Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand emerged unexpectedly in the 1960s and 1970s as fast-growing, labour-intensive manufacturing countries. Their industrial growth rates closely matched those of Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan for more than two decades. This sudden export-led ‘miracle’ took place in the context of political instability and ethnic tensions, after more than two decades of modest success with post-independence, import-substituting industrialization strategies there and in other Southeast Asian nations. Cambodia and Vietnam joined the export-led manufacturing club in the 1990s, followed by Myanmar in the 2000s. The Philippines was the only Southeast Asian nation to miss the late twentieth-century ‘miracle’. Southeast Asia experienced some impressive GDP per capita growth between 1870 and 1940, but, outside of the Philippines, manufacturing stagnated and modern enterprises were confined to commodity export processing. The chapter analyses the region’s dismal industrial performance before the 1960s, and why manufacturing grew so fast in the following decades.Less
Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand emerged unexpectedly in the 1960s and 1970s as fast-growing, labour-intensive manufacturing countries. Their industrial growth rates closely matched those of Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan for more than two decades. This sudden export-led ‘miracle’ took place in the context of political instability and ethnic tensions, after more than two decades of modest success with post-independence, import-substituting industrialization strategies there and in other Southeast Asian nations. Cambodia and Vietnam joined the export-led manufacturing club in the 1990s, followed by Myanmar in the 2000s. The Philippines was the only Southeast Asian nation to miss the late twentieth-century ‘miracle’. Southeast Asia experienced some impressive GDP per capita growth between 1870 and 1940, but, outside of the Philippines, manufacturing stagnated and modern enterprises were confined to commodity export processing. The chapter analyses the region’s dismal industrial performance before the 1960s, and why manufacturing grew so fast in the following decades.
Mandakranta Bose
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195168327
- eISBN:
- 9780199835362
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195168321.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the Rāmāyana's adaptability to multiple genres, art forms, and social contexts as well as the reliance that countless South and Southeast Asians ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the Rāmāyana's adaptability to multiple genres, art forms, and social contexts as well as the reliance that countless South and Southeast Asians place on it as a guide to everyday conduct. It then describes variants of the Rāmāyana and its spread across regions beyond the borders of South Asia over the span of more than a millennium. An overview of the chapters included in this book is presented.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the Rāmāyana's adaptability to multiple genres, art forms, and social contexts as well as the reliance that countless South and Southeast Asians place on it as a guide to everyday conduct. It then describes variants of the Rāmāyana and its spread across regions beyond the borders of South Asia over the span of more than a millennium. An overview of the chapters included in this book is presented.
Mandakranta Bose
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195168327
- eISBN:
- 9780199835362
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195168321.003.0015
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This chapter examines the theme of the Rāmāyaṇa in the visual arts of South and Southeast Asia. The theme has captivated the minds and imagination of people across a vast geographical area extending ...
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This chapter examines the theme of the Rāmāyaṇa in the visual arts of South and Southeast Asia. The theme has captivated the minds and imagination of people across a vast geographical area extending from West Asia to Southeast Asia and East Asia. Above all, there is the phenomenon of the amazing tenacity of the oral traditions which has facilitated the survival and continuance of the traditions of the Rāmāyaṇa in contemporary Asia. Even when the theme seems to run dry, it never dies, for the oral tradition sustains it. The oral tradition has also supported, supplemented, and complemented the traditions of the written word and of art.Less
This chapter examines the theme of the Rāmāyaṇa in the visual arts of South and Southeast Asia. The theme has captivated the minds and imagination of people across a vast geographical area extending from West Asia to Southeast Asia and East Asia. Above all, there is the phenomenon of the amazing tenacity of the oral traditions which has facilitated the survival and continuance of the traditions of the Rāmāyaṇa in contemporary Asia. Even when the theme seems to run dry, it never dies, for the oral tradition sustains it. The oral tradition has also supported, supplemented, and complemented the traditions of the written word and of art.
Geoffrey C. Gunn
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083343
- eISBN:
- 9789882208988
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083343.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter offers a civilizational framing of the region, stressing prehistoric indigeneity, as well as broad macro-regional commonality, going back to a shared Iron Age. It also calls attention to ...
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This chapter offers a civilizational framing of the region, stressing prehistoric indigeneity, as well as broad macro-regional commonality, going back to a shared Iron Age. It also calls attention to early arriving Indian, Muslim, and Sinic influences. The fast-moving field of archaeological research, especially on mainland Southeast Asia, has thrown new light upon the complex evolution of early states out of Neolithic hunter and gatherer societies (Higham 1989: 2002a). As this chapter argues, the elusive unity of East-Southeast Asia may be attested by the Bronze and Iron Age societies that emerged in a prehistoric period, wedding the macro region with China, via river valleys and high passes through which filtered an array of ideas, material goods, and technologies, just as Han China (206 BCE–220 CE) imposed its control over northern Vietnam.Less
This chapter offers a civilizational framing of the region, stressing prehistoric indigeneity, as well as broad macro-regional commonality, going back to a shared Iron Age. It also calls attention to early arriving Indian, Muslim, and Sinic influences. The fast-moving field of archaeological research, especially on mainland Southeast Asia, has thrown new light upon the complex evolution of early states out of Neolithic hunter and gatherer societies (Higham 1989: 2002a). As this chapter argues, the elusive unity of East-Southeast Asia may be attested by the Bronze and Iron Age societies that emerged in a prehistoric period, wedding the macro region with China, via river valleys and high passes through which filtered an array of ideas, material goods, and technologies, just as Han China (206 BCE–220 CE) imposed its control over northern Vietnam.
Geoffrey C. Gunn
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083343
- eISBN:
- 9789882208988
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083343.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
One of the more exotic of the Asian diasporic communities of seventeenth-century Southeast Asia was that of the Japanese who formed Nihon-machi, or Japantowns, in a number of court cities, Asian ...
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One of the more exotic of the Asian diasporic communities of seventeenth-century Southeast Asia was that of the Japanese who formed Nihon-machi, or Japantowns, in a number of court cities, Asian trading ports, and European fortified cities. In large part, these communities developed as a consequence of Japanese participation in the Shuinsen, or “red seal” trade, under which official passports were issued to select merchant groups. The formation of Nihon-machi in Southeast Asian ports was an episode lasting but one or two generations, but there had been a broader engagement of Japan with East-Southeast Asia over a longer time frame. This chapter seeks to examine the political and commercial impacts that the Japanese traders and adventurers had on local Southeast Asian societies. It also discusses Japan's trading legacy in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the impacts that the overseas connection had on Japan's own internal economy and politics.Less
One of the more exotic of the Asian diasporic communities of seventeenth-century Southeast Asia was that of the Japanese who formed Nihon-machi, or Japantowns, in a number of court cities, Asian trading ports, and European fortified cities. In large part, these communities developed as a consequence of Japanese participation in the Shuinsen, or “red seal” trade, under which official passports were issued to select merchant groups. The formation of Nihon-machi in Southeast Asian ports was an episode lasting but one or two generations, but there had been a broader engagement of Japan with East-Southeast Asia over a longer time frame. This chapter seeks to examine the political and commercial impacts that the Japanese traders and adventurers had on local Southeast Asian societies. It also discusses Japan's trading legacy in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the impacts that the overseas connection had on Japan's own internal economy and politics.
See Seng Tan
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781529200720
- eISBN:
- 9781529200751
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529200720.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Are the sovereign states of Southeast Asia responsible actors that care and provide for their own as well as their neighbours? Do they act hospitably towards each other? This book examines an ...
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Are the sovereign states of Southeast Asia responsible actors that care and provide for their own as well as their neighbours? Do they act hospitably towards each other? This book examines an embryonic ‘ethos’ of intraregional responsibility among Southeast Asian countries. Unevenly distributed and more apparent in some states than others, the ethic has been expressed as acts of hospitality shown to victims of earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters, and increasingly in conflict situations. This sovereign responsibility to provide, or the ‘R2Provide’ as this book calls it, has manifested as forms of assistance – mediated through ASEAN but also bilaterally – given to neighbours coping with economic difficulties, problems of militancy and terrorism and the like. But unlike the global norm of the responsibility to protect (R2P), the R2Provide is noninterventionist in practice. More indirectly, it has also materialised as a mutual reliance by regional states on pacific and increasingly rules-based approaches to manage and, where feasible, resolve their disputes with one another. The contention is not that Southeast Asians have never, whether by commission or omission, behaved irresponsibly or unethically – the region’s belated and deficient response to the Rohingya refugee crisis is but one of many tragic examples – but that they are misrepresented as void of responsible conduct. By way of Emmanuel Levinas’ concept of ‘responsibility for the other’, the book provides an ethical-theoretical explanation for the R2Provide and sovereign responsibility in Southeast Asia.Less
Are the sovereign states of Southeast Asia responsible actors that care and provide for their own as well as their neighbours? Do they act hospitably towards each other? This book examines an embryonic ‘ethos’ of intraregional responsibility among Southeast Asian countries. Unevenly distributed and more apparent in some states than others, the ethic has been expressed as acts of hospitality shown to victims of earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters, and increasingly in conflict situations. This sovereign responsibility to provide, or the ‘R2Provide’ as this book calls it, has manifested as forms of assistance – mediated through ASEAN but also bilaterally – given to neighbours coping with economic difficulties, problems of militancy and terrorism and the like. But unlike the global norm of the responsibility to protect (R2P), the R2Provide is noninterventionist in practice. More indirectly, it has also materialised as a mutual reliance by regional states on pacific and increasingly rules-based approaches to manage and, where feasible, resolve their disputes with one another. The contention is not that Southeast Asians have never, whether by commission or omission, behaved irresponsibly or unethically – the region’s belated and deficient response to the Rohingya refugee crisis is but one of many tragic examples – but that they are misrepresented as void of responsible conduct. By way of Emmanuel Levinas’ concept of ‘responsibility for the other’, the book provides an ethical-theoretical explanation for the R2Provide and sovereign responsibility in Southeast Asia.
Wen-Qing Ngoei
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501716409
- eISBN:
- 9781501716423
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501716409.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines Southeast Asia’s imperial transition from Anglo-American predominance to U.S. hegemony between the late 1960s and mid-1970s, a product of British decolonization strategies in ...
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This chapter examines Southeast Asia’s imperial transition from Anglo-American predominance to U.S. hegemony between the late 1960s and mid-1970s, a product of British decolonization strategies in Singapore and the growing stability of the arc of containment. As Britain’s military withdrew from Singapore, London established the Five Power Defense Arrangement (FPDA), a security framework for Malaysia, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand, that thwarted the Soviet Union’s hopes of expanding its regional influence beyond Vietnam. At the same time, Southeast Asia’s anticommunist statesmen founded ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) in 1967 and forged increasingly intimate political, economic and military ties with America, stabilizing their regimes and effectively containing Vietnam and China. Moscow and Beijing were cognizant of U.S. dominance in Southeast Asia and keen to thaw relations with Washington, the de facto hegemon despite U.S. policy failures in Indochina.Less
This chapter examines Southeast Asia’s imperial transition from Anglo-American predominance to U.S. hegemony between the late 1960s and mid-1970s, a product of British decolonization strategies in Singapore and the growing stability of the arc of containment. As Britain’s military withdrew from Singapore, London established the Five Power Defense Arrangement (FPDA), a security framework for Malaysia, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand, that thwarted the Soviet Union’s hopes of expanding its regional influence beyond Vietnam. At the same time, Southeast Asia’s anticommunist statesmen founded ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) in 1967 and forged increasingly intimate political, economic and military ties with America, stabilizing their regimes and effectively containing Vietnam and China. Moscow and Beijing were cognizant of U.S. dominance in Southeast Asia and keen to thaw relations with Washington, the de facto hegemon despite U.S. policy failures in Indochina.
Manuel F. Montes
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198296867
- eISBN:
- 9780191685286
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296867.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, Macro- and Monetary Economics
While the Thai baht had lost about 55% of its value in terms of the US dollar by the end of January 1998 because it sold the majority of its international reserves in 1997, other currencies across ...
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While the Thai baht had lost about 55% of its value in terms of the US dollar by the end of January 1998 because it sold the majority of its international reserves in 1997, other currencies across Southeast Asia also experienced such declines since non-resident portfolios retreated from investment in economies that exuded similar characteristics with that of Thailand. The crisis experienced by both the Thai baht and the Indonesian rupiah are the most recent in the series of crises that have occurred recently throughout the developing region that are allegedly caused by a faulty domestic banking system and swelling capital inflows. This chapter emphasizes how the understanding of such crises should be given much attention because of the social costs involved. The chapter examines the various economic implications of these crises in developing countries particularly of those in Southeast Asia.Less
While the Thai baht had lost about 55% of its value in terms of the US dollar by the end of January 1998 because it sold the majority of its international reserves in 1997, other currencies across Southeast Asia also experienced such declines since non-resident portfolios retreated from investment in economies that exuded similar characteristics with that of Thailand. The crisis experienced by both the Thai baht and the Indonesian rupiah are the most recent in the series of crises that have occurred recently throughout the developing region that are allegedly caused by a faulty domestic banking system and swelling capital inflows. This chapter emphasizes how the understanding of such crises should be given much attention because of the social costs involved. The chapter examines the various economic implications of these crises in developing countries particularly of those in Southeast Asia.
Christopher Sneddon
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226284316
- eISBN:
- 9780226284453
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226284453.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
Chapter Five draws together threads presented in previous chapters (e.g., the technological and symbolic facets of large dams and river basin planning approaches, the tensions between technical ...
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Chapter Five draws together threads presented in previous chapters (e.g., the technological and symbolic facets of large dams and river basin planning approaches, the tensions between technical expertise and geopolitical aims) and examines them using the case of the Mekong Project, the Bureau’s most intensive and longest engagement in international development. The Lower Mekong Basin, shared by the mainland Southeast Asia states of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Viet Nam, became the focus of intense development interest beginning in the 1950s. The period from the creation of the Mekong Committee in 1957 until the United States’ disengagement from Mekong development planning in 1975 was characterized by a combination of geopolitical imaginings and technological optimism that drove the proliferation of large dams and the idea of river basin development in mainland Southeast Asia. A key element in this story is the Pa Mong dam project, the focus of over a decade of study by Bureau engineers and experts and millions of dollars of U.S. economic assistance that was never actually built. Pa Mong became the lynchpin for development of the entire Mekong basin, and in effect helped generate an imagined geography of the Mekong region that resonates with current water development efforts.Less
Chapter Five draws together threads presented in previous chapters (e.g., the technological and symbolic facets of large dams and river basin planning approaches, the tensions between technical expertise and geopolitical aims) and examines them using the case of the Mekong Project, the Bureau’s most intensive and longest engagement in international development. The Lower Mekong Basin, shared by the mainland Southeast Asia states of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Viet Nam, became the focus of intense development interest beginning in the 1950s. The period from the creation of the Mekong Committee in 1957 until the United States’ disengagement from Mekong development planning in 1975 was characterized by a combination of geopolitical imaginings and technological optimism that drove the proliferation of large dams and the idea of river basin development in mainland Southeast Asia. A key element in this story is the Pa Mong dam project, the focus of over a decade of study by Bureau engineers and experts and millions of dollars of U.S. economic assistance that was never actually built. Pa Mong became the lynchpin for development of the entire Mekong basin, and in effect helped generate an imagined geography of the Mekong region that resonates with current water development efforts.
Geoffrey C. Gunn
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083343
- eISBN:
- 9789882208988
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083343.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Astride the historical maritime silk routes linking India to China, premodern East and Southeast Asia can be viewed as a global region in the making over a long period. Intense Asian commerce in ...
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Astride the historical maritime silk routes linking India to China, premodern East and Southeast Asia can be viewed as a global region in the making over a long period. Intense Asian commerce in spices, silks, and ceramics placed the region at the forefront of global economic history prior to the age of imperialism. Alongside the correlated silver trade among Japanese, Europeans, Muslims, and others, China's age-old tributary trade networks provided the essential stability and continuity enabling a brilliant age of commerce. This book highlights the role of civilization that developed along with global trade in rare and everyday Asian commodities, raising a range of questions regarding unequal development, intraregional knowledge advances, the origins of globalization, and the emergence of new Asian hybridities beyond and within the conventional boundaries of the nation-state. Chapters range over the intra-Asian trade in silver and ceramics, the Chinese junk trade, the rise of European trading companies as well as diasporic communities including the historic Japan-towns of Southeast Asia, and many types of technology exchanges.Less
Astride the historical maritime silk routes linking India to China, premodern East and Southeast Asia can be viewed as a global region in the making over a long period. Intense Asian commerce in spices, silks, and ceramics placed the region at the forefront of global economic history prior to the age of imperialism. Alongside the correlated silver trade among Japanese, Europeans, Muslims, and others, China's age-old tributary trade networks provided the essential stability and continuity enabling a brilliant age of commerce. This book highlights the role of civilization that developed along with global trade in rare and everyday Asian commodities, raising a range of questions regarding unequal development, intraregional knowledge advances, the origins of globalization, and the emergence of new Asian hybridities beyond and within the conventional boundaries of the nation-state. Chapters range over the intra-Asian trade in silver and ceramics, the Chinese junk trade, the rise of European trading companies as well as diasporic communities including the historic Japan-towns of Southeast Asia, and many types of technology exchanges.
