Norrin M. Ripsman and T. V. Paul
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195393903
- eISBN:
- 9780199776832
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393903.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Aside from the major powers, there are other important security actors whose power, interests, and influence are more limited, but still are key players in the affairs of their own region and who ...
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Aside from the major powers, there are other important security actors whose power, interests, and influence are more limited, but still are key players in the affairs of their own region and who also participate, to some degree, on the world stage. This chapter focuses on second-tier powers that inhabit relatively stable regions. It shows that the experience of the leading powers in stable regions since 1990 has been more consistent with many of the globalization school's hypotheses on security than that of the major powers. In particular, the analysis has confirmed a greater integration of regional security institutions into national security plans, greater priority given to non-traditional threats, and the complete abandonment of offensive doctrines. These states also share the major powers' newfound focus on combating terrorism and developing an internal policing dimension to their national security establishments.Less
Aside from the major powers, there are other important security actors whose power, interests, and influence are more limited, but still are key players in the affairs of their own region and who also participate, to some degree, on the world stage. This chapter focuses on second-tier powers that inhabit relatively stable regions. It shows that the experience of the leading powers in stable regions since 1990 has been more consistent with many of the globalization school's hypotheses on security than that of the major powers. In particular, the analysis has confirmed a greater integration of regional security institutions into national security plans, greater priority given to non-traditional threats, and the complete abandonment of offensive doctrines. These states also share the major powers' newfound focus on combating terrorism and developing an internal policing dimension to their national security establishments.
Kaoru Sugihara
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198292715
- eISBN:
- 9780191602580
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198292715.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines Chinese migration to Southeast Asia from 1869 to 1939. During this period, complex movements of migrant workers to, from, and within Southeast Asia took place. These were ...
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This chapter examines Chinese migration to Southeast Asia from 1869 to 1939. During this period, complex movements of migrant workers to, from, and within Southeast Asia took place. These were centred around Singapore and they were supported by ethno-linguistic networks. While networks were exclusive against outsiders (e.g., Fukienese networks served only its people), the establishment of extensive networks suggests that by the early 20th century, migration no longer depended on personal contacts.Less
This chapter examines Chinese migration to Southeast Asia from 1869 to 1939. During this period, complex movements of migrant workers to, from, and within Southeast Asia took place. These were centred around Singapore and they were supported by ethno-linguistic networks. While networks were exclusive against outsiders (e.g., Fukienese networks served only its people), the establishment of extensive networks suggests that by the early 20th century, migration no longer depended on personal contacts.
BRUCE A. LASKY and M. R. K. PRASAD
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195381146
- eISBN:
- 9780199869305
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195381146.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter focuses on the recent development of clinical legal education in a number of Southeast Asian nations, including Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Cambodia, ...
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This chapter focuses on the recent development of clinical legal education in a number of Southeast Asian nations, including Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Cambodia, along with a comparative analysis of this development with that of the longer-existing clinical movement in India. It explores the means and methods utilized—and challenges faced—in establishing such programs, many of which now contain a social justice mission. It also describes how clinical programs operate in sharp contrast to traditional law teaching methods in the region that focused historically on rote memorization without teaching lawyering skills. The chapter notes specific benchmark events in the development of clinics in the region and highlights a number of the key actors, organizations, and institutions involved. It also explores ways that these new clinical programs can serve as positive examples for the future expansion of clinical education throughout the region.Less
This chapter focuses on the recent development of clinical legal education in a number of Southeast Asian nations, including Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Cambodia, along with a comparative analysis of this development with that of the longer-existing clinical movement in India. It explores the means and methods utilized—and challenges faced—in establishing such programs, many of which now contain a social justice mission. It also describes how clinical programs operate in sharp contrast to traditional law teaching methods in the region that focused historically on rote memorization without teaching lawyering skills. The chapter notes specific benchmark events in the development of clinics in the region and highlights a number of the key actors, organizations, and institutions involved. It also explores ways that these new clinical programs can serve as positive examples for the future expansion of clinical education throughout the region.
A. C. S. Peacock and Annabel Teh Gallop
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265819
- eISBN:
- 9780191771972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265819.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter discusses the emergence and development of the relationship between Southeast Asia and the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, concentrating on the three principal themes that defined this ...
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This chapter discusses the emergence and development of the relationship between Southeast Asia and the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, concentrating on the three principal themes that defined this relationship: Islam, trade relations and politics. While particular attention is given to the Ottoman relationship with Aceh, their involvement with other Muslim polities on the Malay peninsula and archipelagic Southeast Asia is also considered. An overview is given of the state of the art of historiography in the field, as well as its broader relevance to the study of the Indian Ocean world and to the history of colonialism. The chapter also reflects on the Southeast Asian idealisation of Rum, as the Ottoman lands were known.Less
This chapter discusses the emergence and development of the relationship between Southeast Asia and the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, concentrating on the three principal themes that defined this relationship: Islam, trade relations and politics. While particular attention is given to the Ottoman relationship with Aceh, their involvement with other Muslim polities on the Malay peninsula and archipelagic Southeast Asia is also considered. An overview is given of the state of the art of historiography in the field, as well as its broader relevance to the study of the Indian Ocean world and to the history of colonialism. The chapter also reflects on the Southeast Asian idealisation of Rum, as the Ottoman lands were known.
Robert W. Hefner
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832803
- eISBN:
- 9780824868970
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832803.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This introductory chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to shed light on the varieties and politics of Islamic education in modern Southeast Asia. The contributors aim to provide a ...
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This introductory chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to shed light on the varieties and politics of Islamic education in modern Southeast Asia. The contributors aim to provide a sense of just where Islamic education is going by examining where, culturally and politically speaking, it has come from. The book focuses on schools in five countries: the region's two dominant Muslim-majority countries, Malaysia (60% Muslim) and Indonesia (87.8% Muslim), and three countries with especially restless Muslim minorities, the Philippines, Thailand, and Cambodia. The remainder of the chapter examines the varieties and genealogies of Islamic schooling in Southeast Asia; highlights the relationship between Islamic education in Southeast Asia and that in the Middle East; and provides an overview of the subsequent chapters.Less
This introductory chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to shed light on the varieties and politics of Islamic education in modern Southeast Asia. The contributors aim to provide a sense of just where Islamic education is going by examining where, culturally and politically speaking, it has come from. The book focuses on schools in five countries: the region's two dominant Muslim-majority countries, Malaysia (60% Muslim) and Indonesia (87.8% Muslim), and three countries with especially restless Muslim minorities, the Philippines, Thailand, and Cambodia. The remainder of the chapter examines the varieties and genealogies of Islamic schooling in Southeast Asia; highlights the relationship between Islamic education in Southeast Asia and that in the Middle East; and provides an overview of the subsequent chapters.
A. C. S. Peacock
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265819
- eISBN:
- 9780191771972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265819.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
Southeast Asia was linked to the Ottoman Empire by economic ties, in particular the spice trade, but the nature of this relationship is poorly understood, especially for the seventeenth century. Its ...
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Southeast Asia was linked to the Ottoman Empire by economic ties, in particular the spice trade, but the nature of this relationship is poorly understood, especially for the seventeenth century. Its study is hampered by the lack of archival evidence, and this chapter draws on a variety of sources, both literary and archival, to investigate Southeast Asian exports to the Ottoman lands. It argues, in contrast to much existing scholarship, that direct commercial links remained important throughout the period, and that European traders such as the Dutch East India Company (VOC) remained largely excluded from this trade till the end of the seventeenth century. Ottoman exports to Southeast Asia, predominantly textiles and horses, are also examined. The chapter also considers the role of Ottoman subjects who sought to make their fortunes in Southeast Asia.Less
Southeast Asia was linked to the Ottoman Empire by economic ties, in particular the spice trade, but the nature of this relationship is poorly understood, especially for the seventeenth century. Its study is hampered by the lack of archival evidence, and this chapter draws on a variety of sources, both literary and archival, to investigate Southeast Asian exports to the Ottoman lands. It argues, in contrast to much existing scholarship, that direct commercial links remained important throughout the period, and that European traders such as the Dutch East India Company (VOC) remained largely excluded from this trade till the end of the seventeenth century. Ottoman exports to Southeast Asia, predominantly textiles and horses, are also examined. The chapter also considers the role of Ottoman subjects who sought to make their fortunes in Southeast Asia.
Yuki Shiozaki
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780748696857
- eISBN:
- 9781474412247
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748696857.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter demonstrates how exposure to al Azhar led over time to the complete transformation of the methodology adopted by independent ulama and state religious platforms to issue fatwas in ...
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This chapter demonstrates how exposure to al Azhar led over time to the complete transformation of the methodology adopted by independent ulama and state religious platforms to issue fatwas in Southeast Asia. It examines the mainstreaming of Salafi methodology — inspired by the work of Muhammad Abduh — in place of the taqlīd of the traditional Shafi'i School in Southeast Asia for the issuing of fatwas. A number of factors, including the establishment of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, led to a shift to al Azhar as opposed to Mecca being the base for Southeast Asian Muslim scholars. By comparing Southeast Asia fatwas of the early twentieth century against those issued in the 1970s, the chapter shows how the transition from Mecca to Cairo led to the mainstreaming of Salafi methodology.Less
This chapter demonstrates how exposure to al Azhar led over time to the complete transformation of the methodology adopted by independent ulama and state religious platforms to issue fatwas in Southeast Asia. It examines the mainstreaming of Salafi methodology — inspired by the work of Muhammad Abduh — in place of the taqlīd of the traditional Shafi'i School in Southeast Asia for the issuing of fatwas. A number of factors, including the establishment of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, led to a shift to al Azhar as opposed to Mecca being the base for Southeast Asian Muslim scholars. By comparing Southeast Asia fatwas of the early twentieth century against those issued in the 1970s, the chapter shows how the transition from Mecca to Cairo led to the mainstreaming of Salafi methodology.
Mandakranta Bose
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195168327
- eISBN:
- 9780199835362
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195168321.003.0015
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This chapter examines the theme of the Rāmāyaṇa in the visual arts of South and Southeast Asia. The theme has captivated the minds and imagination of people across a vast geographical area extending ...
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This chapter examines the theme of the Rāmāyaṇa in the visual arts of South and Southeast Asia. The theme has captivated the minds and imagination of people across a vast geographical area extending from West Asia to Southeast Asia and East Asia. Above all, there is the phenomenon of the amazing tenacity of the oral traditions which has facilitated the survival and continuance of the traditions of the Rāmāyaṇa in contemporary Asia. Even when the theme seems to run dry, it never dies, for the oral tradition sustains it. The oral tradition has also supported, supplemented, and complemented the traditions of the written word and of art.Less
This chapter examines the theme of the Rāmāyaṇa in the visual arts of South and Southeast Asia. The theme has captivated the minds and imagination of people across a vast geographical area extending from West Asia to Southeast Asia and East Asia. Above all, there is the phenomenon of the amazing tenacity of the oral traditions which has facilitated the survival and continuance of the traditions of the Rāmāyaṇa in contemporary Asia. Even when the theme seems to run dry, it never dies, for the oral tradition sustains it. The oral tradition has also supported, supplemented, and complemented the traditions of the written word and of art.
Carool Kersten
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780748681839
- eISBN:
- 9781474434973
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748681839.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
The arrival of Islam in Indonesia is bound up with developments in the wider geographical area of Southeast Asia. This chapter presents a broader angle than the current political boundaries of the ...
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The arrival of Islam in Indonesia is bound up with developments in the wider geographical area of Southeast Asia. This chapter presents a broader angle than the current political boundaries of the Republic of Indonesia. The chapter addresses the question of the relatively late local acceptance of Islam, even though Southeast Asia’s contacts with the Middle East and South Asia go back to pre-Islamic times. Based on a critical assessment of the historiography of Southeast Asian Islam, the chapter will identify four key issues that are relevant for a balanced account of the Islamization process: Time frame (13th century); Provenance (theories propose various origins: South Asia, Middle East, and China; Agency (Merchants, religious professionals (missionaries, Sufis), local involvement); Motivations (political, commercial, colonial, religious factors). The emerging picture consists of a variety of starting points, numerous modalities for the diffusion of Islam, positioning the Indian Ocean basin as a vital contact zone. The associated ‘single ocean concept’ turned it into a ‘neutral water’ links the history of the Islamization of Southeast Asia to the newly emerging scholarly field of Indian Ocean studiesLess
The arrival of Islam in Indonesia is bound up with developments in the wider geographical area of Southeast Asia. This chapter presents a broader angle than the current political boundaries of the Republic of Indonesia. The chapter addresses the question of the relatively late local acceptance of Islam, even though Southeast Asia’s contacts with the Middle East and South Asia go back to pre-Islamic times. Based on a critical assessment of the historiography of Southeast Asian Islam, the chapter will identify four key issues that are relevant for a balanced account of the Islamization process: Time frame (13th century); Provenance (theories propose various origins: South Asia, Middle East, and China; Agency (Merchants, religious professionals (missionaries, Sufis), local involvement); Motivations (political, commercial, colonial, religious factors). The emerging picture consists of a variety of starting points, numerous modalities for the diffusion of Islam, positioning the Indian Ocean basin as a vital contact zone. The associated ‘single ocean concept’ turned it into a ‘neutral water’ links the history of the Islamization of Southeast Asia to the newly emerging scholarly field of Indian Ocean studies
Manuel F. Montes
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198296867
- eISBN:
- 9780191685286
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296867.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, Macro- and Monetary Economics
While the Thai baht had lost about 55% of its value in terms of the US dollar by the end of January 1998 because it sold the majority of its international reserves in 1997, other currencies across ...
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While the Thai baht had lost about 55% of its value in terms of the US dollar by the end of January 1998 because it sold the majority of its international reserves in 1997, other currencies across Southeast Asia also experienced such declines since non-resident portfolios retreated from investment in economies that exuded similar characteristics with that of Thailand. The crisis experienced by both the Thai baht and the Indonesian rupiah are the most recent in the series of crises that have occurred recently throughout the developing region that are allegedly caused by a faulty domestic banking system and swelling capital inflows. This chapter emphasizes how the understanding of such crises should be given much attention because of the social costs involved. The chapter examines the various economic implications of these crises in developing countries particularly of those in Southeast Asia.Less
While the Thai baht had lost about 55% of its value in terms of the US dollar by the end of January 1998 because it sold the majority of its international reserves in 1997, other currencies across Southeast Asia also experienced such declines since non-resident portfolios retreated from investment in economies that exuded similar characteristics with that of Thailand. The crisis experienced by both the Thai baht and the Indonesian rupiah are the most recent in the series of crises that have occurred recently throughout the developing region that are allegedly caused by a faulty domestic banking system and swelling capital inflows. This chapter emphasizes how the understanding of such crises should be given much attention because of the social costs involved. The chapter examines the various economic implications of these crises in developing countries particularly of those in Southeast Asia.
Mandakranta Bose
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195168327
- eISBN:
- 9780199835362
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195168321.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the Rāmāyana's adaptability to multiple genres, art forms, and social contexts as well as the reliance that countless South and Southeast Asians ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the Rāmāyana's adaptability to multiple genres, art forms, and social contexts as well as the reliance that countless South and Southeast Asians place on it as a guide to everyday conduct. It then describes variants of the Rāmāyana and its spread across regions beyond the borders of South Asia over the span of more than a millennium. An overview of the chapters included in this book is presented.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the Rāmāyana's adaptability to multiple genres, art forms, and social contexts as well as the reliance that countless South and Southeast Asians place on it as a guide to everyday conduct. It then describes variants of the Rāmāyana and its spread across regions beyond the borders of South Asia over the span of more than a millennium. An overview of the chapters included in this book is presented.
Geoffrey C. Gunn
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083343
- eISBN:
- 9789882208988
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083343.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter offers a civilizational framing of the region, stressing prehistoric indigeneity, as well as broad macro-regional commonality, going back to a shared Iron Age. It also calls attention to ...
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This chapter offers a civilizational framing of the region, stressing prehistoric indigeneity, as well as broad macro-regional commonality, going back to a shared Iron Age. It also calls attention to early arriving Indian, Muslim, and Sinic influences. The fast-moving field of archaeological research, especially on mainland Southeast Asia, has thrown new light upon the complex evolution of early states out of Neolithic hunter and gatherer societies (Higham 1989: 2002a). As this chapter argues, the elusive unity of East-Southeast Asia may be attested by the Bronze and Iron Age societies that emerged in a prehistoric period, wedding the macro region with China, via river valleys and high passes through which filtered an array of ideas, material goods, and technologies, just as Han China (206 BCE–220 CE) imposed its control over northern Vietnam.Less
This chapter offers a civilizational framing of the region, stressing prehistoric indigeneity, as well as broad macro-regional commonality, going back to a shared Iron Age. It also calls attention to early arriving Indian, Muslim, and Sinic influences. The fast-moving field of archaeological research, especially on mainland Southeast Asia, has thrown new light upon the complex evolution of early states out of Neolithic hunter and gatherer societies (Higham 1989: 2002a). As this chapter argues, the elusive unity of East-Southeast Asia may be attested by the Bronze and Iron Age societies that emerged in a prehistoric period, wedding the macro region with China, via river valleys and high passes through which filtered an array of ideas, material goods, and technologies, just as Han China (206 BCE–220 CE) imposed its control over northern Vietnam.
Geoffrey C. Gunn
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083343
- eISBN:
- 9789882208988
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083343.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
One of the more exotic of the Asian diasporic communities of seventeenth-century Southeast Asia was that of the Japanese who formed Nihon-machi, or Japantowns, in a number of court cities, Asian ...
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One of the more exotic of the Asian diasporic communities of seventeenth-century Southeast Asia was that of the Japanese who formed Nihon-machi, or Japantowns, in a number of court cities, Asian trading ports, and European fortified cities. In large part, these communities developed as a consequence of Japanese participation in the Shuinsen, or “red seal” trade, under which official passports were issued to select merchant groups. The formation of Nihon-machi in Southeast Asian ports was an episode lasting but one or two generations, but there had been a broader engagement of Japan with East-Southeast Asia over a longer time frame. This chapter seeks to examine the political and commercial impacts that the Japanese traders and adventurers had on local Southeast Asian societies. It also discusses Japan's trading legacy in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the impacts that the overseas connection had on Japan's own internal economy and politics.Less
One of the more exotic of the Asian diasporic communities of seventeenth-century Southeast Asia was that of the Japanese who formed Nihon-machi, or Japantowns, in a number of court cities, Asian trading ports, and European fortified cities. In large part, these communities developed as a consequence of Japanese participation in the Shuinsen, or “red seal” trade, under which official passports were issued to select merchant groups. The formation of Nihon-machi in Southeast Asian ports was an episode lasting but one or two generations, but there had been a broader engagement of Japan with East-Southeast Asia over a longer time frame. This chapter seeks to examine the political and commercial impacts that the Japanese traders and adventurers had on local Southeast Asian societies. It also discusses Japan's trading legacy in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the impacts that the overseas connection had on Japan's own internal economy and politics.
İsmaİl Hakki Kadi
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265819
- eISBN:
- 9780191771972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265819.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
In the light of new evidence on interactions between the Ottoman Empire and Southeast Asia, this chapter contests certain notions such as the excessive emphasis put on Abdülhamid II as the initiator ...
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In the light of new evidence on interactions between the Ottoman Empire and Southeast Asia, this chapter contests certain notions such as the excessive emphasis put on Abdülhamid II as the initiator of Ottoman involvement in the wider Islamic world; the idea that this involvement was designed by the Ottoman administration, who wanted to take advantage of the Caliphate for its political ends; and the presumption that the Hadhramis in the European colonies in Southeast Asia were agents of Ottoman ‘pan-Islamist’ policies in the region. Conversely, it is argued that the nineteenth-century Ottoman interest in Southeast Asia pre-dates the Hamidian era. It is also argued that the Ottoman involvement in the region was a result of various initiatives from the region. Finally, it seeks to re-evaluate the position of the Hadhrami sayyids in these interactions and argues that they were the agents of Southeast Asian voices in Istanbul.Less
In the light of new evidence on interactions between the Ottoman Empire and Southeast Asia, this chapter contests certain notions such as the excessive emphasis put on Abdülhamid II as the initiator of Ottoman involvement in the wider Islamic world; the idea that this involvement was designed by the Ottoman administration, who wanted to take advantage of the Caliphate for its political ends; and the presumption that the Hadhramis in the European colonies in Southeast Asia were agents of Ottoman ‘pan-Islamist’ policies in the region. Conversely, it is argued that the nineteenth-century Ottoman interest in Southeast Asia pre-dates the Hamidian era. It is also argued that the Ottoman involvement in the region was a result of various initiatives from the region. Finally, it seeks to re-evaluate the position of the Hadhrami sayyids in these interactions and argues that they were the agents of Southeast Asian voices in Istanbul.
Christopher Sneddon
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226284316
- eISBN:
- 9780226284453
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226284453.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
Chapter Five draws together threads presented in previous chapters (e.g., the technological and symbolic facets of large dams and river basin planning approaches, the tensions between technical ...
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Chapter Five draws together threads presented in previous chapters (e.g., the technological and symbolic facets of large dams and river basin planning approaches, the tensions between technical expertise and geopolitical aims) and examines them using the case of the Mekong Project, the Bureau’s most intensive and longest engagement in international development. The Lower Mekong Basin, shared by the mainland Southeast Asia states of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Viet Nam, became the focus of intense development interest beginning in the 1950s. The period from the creation of the Mekong Committee in 1957 until the United States’ disengagement from Mekong development planning in 1975 was characterized by a combination of geopolitical imaginings and technological optimism that drove the proliferation of large dams and the idea of river basin development in mainland Southeast Asia. A key element in this story is the Pa Mong dam project, the focus of over a decade of study by Bureau engineers and experts and millions of dollars of U.S. economic assistance that was never actually built. Pa Mong became the lynchpin for development of the entire Mekong basin, and in effect helped generate an imagined geography of the Mekong region that resonates with current water development efforts.Less
Chapter Five draws together threads presented in previous chapters (e.g., the technological and symbolic facets of large dams and river basin planning approaches, the tensions between technical expertise and geopolitical aims) and examines them using the case of the Mekong Project, the Bureau’s most intensive and longest engagement in international development. The Lower Mekong Basin, shared by the mainland Southeast Asia states of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Viet Nam, became the focus of intense development interest beginning in the 1950s. The period from the creation of the Mekong Committee in 1957 until the United States’ disengagement from Mekong development planning in 1975 was characterized by a combination of geopolitical imaginings and technological optimism that drove the proliferation of large dams and the idea of river basin development in mainland Southeast Asia. A key element in this story is the Pa Mong dam project, the focus of over a decade of study by Bureau engineers and experts and millions of dollars of U.S. economic assistance that was never actually built. Pa Mong became the lynchpin for development of the entire Mekong basin, and in effect helped generate an imagined geography of the Mekong region that resonates with current water development efforts.
Noel M. Morada
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199797769
- eISBN:
- 9780199919369
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199797769.003.0020
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter examines the context and dynamics of promoting responsibility to protect (RtoP) in the Asia Pacific, focusing on China and Southeast Asia and the role of the Association of Southeast ...
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This chapter examines the context and dynamics of promoting responsibility to protect (RtoP) in the Asia Pacific, focusing on China and Southeast Asia and the role of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). A discussion of other Asia Pacific countries' positions on the the RtoP debate in the United Nations in July 2009 is also presented to show whether there is an emerging consensus in the region about the principle and its application. It is argued that, notwithstanding a number of challenges and constraints, a stronger commitment in protecting peoples against mass atrocities is possible in the long run. This would depend largely on how the RtoP is adapted and operationalized in the context of the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of states, which is still valued by many states in the region. At the same time, there is a need to promote constituency-building around RtoP at both regional and domestic levels.Less
This chapter examines the context and dynamics of promoting responsibility to protect (RtoP) in the Asia Pacific, focusing on China and Southeast Asia and the role of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). A discussion of other Asia Pacific countries' positions on the the RtoP debate in the United Nations in July 2009 is also presented to show whether there is an emerging consensus in the region about the principle and its application. It is argued that, notwithstanding a number of challenges and constraints, a stronger commitment in protecting peoples against mass atrocities is possible in the long run. This would depend largely on how the RtoP is adapted and operationalized in the context of the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of states, which is still valued by many states in the region. At the same time, there is a need to promote constituency-building around RtoP at both regional and domestic levels.
Geoffrey C. Gunn
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083343
- eISBN:
- 9789882208988
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083343.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Astride the historical maritime silk routes linking India to China, premodern East and Southeast Asia can be viewed as a global region in the making over a long period. Intense Asian commerce in ...
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Astride the historical maritime silk routes linking India to China, premodern East and Southeast Asia can be viewed as a global region in the making over a long period. Intense Asian commerce in spices, silks, and ceramics placed the region at the forefront of global economic history prior to the age of imperialism. Alongside the correlated silver trade among Japanese, Europeans, Muslims, and others, China's age-old tributary trade networks provided the essential stability and continuity enabling a brilliant age of commerce. This book highlights the role of civilization that developed along with global trade in rare and everyday Asian commodities, raising a range of questions regarding unequal development, intraregional knowledge advances, the origins of globalization, and the emergence of new Asian hybridities beyond and within the conventional boundaries of the nation-state. Chapters range over the intra-Asian trade in silver and ceramics, the Chinese junk trade, the rise of European trading companies as well as diasporic communities including the historic Japan-towns of Southeast Asia, and many types of technology exchanges.Less
Astride the historical maritime silk routes linking India to China, premodern East and Southeast Asia can be viewed as a global region in the making over a long period. Intense Asian commerce in spices, silks, and ceramics placed the region at the forefront of global economic history prior to the age of imperialism. Alongside the correlated silver trade among Japanese, Europeans, Muslims, and others, China's age-old tributary trade networks provided the essential stability and continuity enabling a brilliant age of commerce. This book highlights the role of civilization that developed along with global trade in rare and everyday Asian commodities, raising a range of questions regarding unequal development, intraregional knowledge advances, the origins of globalization, and the emergence of new Asian hybridities beyond and within the conventional boundaries of the nation-state. Chapters range over the intra-Asian trade in silver and ceramics, the Chinese junk trade, the rise of European trading companies as well as diasporic communities including the historic Japan-towns of Southeast Asia, and many types of technology exchanges.
Barbara Watson Andaya
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520254435
- eISBN:
- 9780520941519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520254435.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History
The ritual restatement of authority so necessary to the maintenance of kingship represents a common thread in Southeast Asian history. The phrase “theater state” effectively deployed by Clifford ...
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The ritual restatement of authority so necessary to the maintenance of kingship represents a common thread in Southeast Asian history. The phrase “theater state” effectively deployed by Clifford Geertz in relation to Bali is eminently applicable even in places where Europeans condescendingly equated the “king” to one of their own provincial mayors. Whether in these enhanced chiefdoms or in larger courts like those of Java or Burma, ceremonial life was “an assertion of spiritual power.” In this performance of power, women were indispensable, usually in supporting roles but at times as directors and lead actors. Notwithstanding regional differences in language, culture, and historical experience, “palace women” across Southeast Asia can be considered in terms of the enactment of royal status, which, by separating a ruler from his subjects, justified and maintained the rationale on which kingship rested. This chapter looks at women and the performance of power in early modern Southeast Asia. It discusses the purpose of royal polygyny, women's roles at royal courts and in the enactment of royal power, women's theatrical performances, and life cycle rituals.Less
The ritual restatement of authority so necessary to the maintenance of kingship represents a common thread in Southeast Asian history. The phrase “theater state” effectively deployed by Clifford Geertz in relation to Bali is eminently applicable even in places where Europeans condescendingly equated the “king” to one of their own provincial mayors. Whether in these enhanced chiefdoms or in larger courts like those of Java or Burma, ceremonial life was “an assertion of spiritual power.” In this performance of power, women were indispensable, usually in supporting roles but at times as directors and lead actors. Notwithstanding regional differences in language, culture, and historical experience, “palace women” across Southeast Asia can be considered in terms of the enactment of royal status, which, by separating a ruler from his subjects, justified and maintained the rationale on which kingship rested. This chapter looks at women and the performance of power in early modern Southeast Asia. It discusses the purpose of royal polygyny, women's roles at royal courts and in the enactment of royal power, women's theatrical performances, and life cycle rituals.
Paul J. Heer
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781501711145
- eISBN:
- 9781501711169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501711145.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter discusses how Kennan attempted to apply his strategic vision along the periphery of East Asia, after having assessed that China and the rest of the mainland were strategically expendable ...
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This chapter discusses how Kennan attempted to apply his strategic vision along the periphery of East Asia, after having assessed that China and the rest of the mainland were strategically expendable to the United States. He advocated the neutralization of Japan and the Philippines—but did so inconsistently—and the avoidance of any US security commitments on the Korean Peninsula or in Southeast Asia, especially Indochina. The chapter chronicles the roles that Kennan and Davies played in various policy deliberations on these countries under Acheson. It concludes with a benchmark summary of Kennan’s cumulative impact on US policy towards East Asia on the eve of the outbreak of the Korean War.Less
This chapter discusses how Kennan attempted to apply his strategic vision along the periphery of East Asia, after having assessed that China and the rest of the mainland were strategically expendable to the United States. He advocated the neutralization of Japan and the Philippines—but did so inconsistently—and the avoidance of any US security commitments on the Korean Peninsula or in Southeast Asia, especially Indochina. The chapter chronicles the roles that Kennan and Davies played in various policy deliberations on these countries under Acheson. It concludes with a benchmark summary of Kennan’s cumulative impact on US policy towards East Asia on the eve of the outbreak of the Korean War.
Amitav Acharya
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199461141
- eISBN:
- 9780199088904
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199461141.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Asian Politics
This chapter addresses the vital question: what is the place of China, India, and Southeast Asia in the Asian order? It specifically asks whether China’s rise might return Asia to a Sino-centric ...
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This chapter addresses the vital question: what is the place of China, India, and Southeast Asia in the Asian order? It specifically asks whether China’s rise might return Asia to a Sino-centric regional order, something akin to the tributary system that had marked East Asia’s regional order before European colonialism, or whether China’s own version of the Monroe Doctrine is already taking place in shaping Asian order in general and Southeast Asian order in particular. While China may have more comprehensive power generally and in Southeast Asia more specifically, India has a greater potential for ideational influence. Also, this chapter discusses at length the lessons of India’s past involvement in Asia, including its mistakes and pitfalls, which might apply to its current ‘Look East’ policy. And in addressing the key question of the chapter—the role that China and India play in Asia in general and Southeast Asia in particular, as well as the latter’s contribution to Asian order-building—both competition and convergence, mainly in economic, geopolitical, and strategic arenas, will define the fulfilment of such important roles.Less
This chapter addresses the vital question: what is the place of China, India, and Southeast Asia in the Asian order? It specifically asks whether China’s rise might return Asia to a Sino-centric regional order, something akin to the tributary system that had marked East Asia’s regional order before European colonialism, or whether China’s own version of the Monroe Doctrine is already taking place in shaping Asian order in general and Southeast Asian order in particular. While China may have more comprehensive power generally and in Southeast Asia more specifically, India has a greater potential for ideational influence. Also, this chapter discusses at length the lessons of India’s past involvement in Asia, including its mistakes and pitfalls, which might apply to its current ‘Look East’ policy. And in addressing the key question of the chapter—the role that China and India play in Asia in general and Southeast Asia in particular, as well as the latter’s contribution to Asian order-building—both competition and convergence, mainly in economic, geopolitical, and strategic arenas, will define the fulfilment of such important roles.
