Ben Mathews
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199652501
- eISBN:
- 9780191739217
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199652501.003.0019
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law, Human Rights and Immigration
Significant numbers of children are severely abused and neglected by parents and caregivers. Infants and very young children are the most vulnerable and are unable to seek help. Many of these ...
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Significant numbers of children are severely abused and neglected by parents and caregivers. Infants and very young children are the most vulnerable and are unable to seek help. Many of these children experience both initial harm and enduring effects, at substantial cost to the individual and society. These situations present complex normative and practical questions. Should measures be taken to identify these situations? If so, what measures should be adopted? Once cases are identified, what responses should be implemented? This chapter is primarily concerned with aspects of the second question, of what measures should be adopted to detect cases of severe child maltreatment. It discusses the apparent effect of mandatory reporting laws on ‘overreporting’ by referring to Australian government data about reporting patterns and outcomes, with a particular focus on New South Wales. It demonstrates that raw descriptive data about report numbers and outcomes appear to show that reporting laws produce both desirable consequences (identification of severe cases) and problematic consequences (increased numbers of unsubstantiated reports).Less
Significant numbers of children are severely abused and neglected by parents and caregivers. Infants and very young children are the most vulnerable and are unable to seek help. Many of these children experience both initial harm and enduring effects, at substantial cost to the individual and society. These situations present complex normative and practical questions. Should measures be taken to identify these situations? If so, what measures should be adopted? Once cases are identified, what responses should be implemented? This chapter is primarily concerned with aspects of the second question, of what measures should be adopted to detect cases of severe child maltreatment. It discusses the apparent effect of mandatory reporting laws on ‘overreporting’ by referring to Australian government data about reporting patterns and outcomes, with a particular focus on New South Wales. It demonstrates that raw descriptive data about report numbers and outcomes appear to show that reporting laws produce both desirable consequences (identification of severe cases) and problematic consequences (increased numbers of unsubstantiated reports).
Andy Seaman
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197266588
- eISBN:
- 9780191896040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266588.003.0015
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Wales provides a rare opportunity to explore the development of an early medieval socio-political landscape in a part of the Western Roman Empire that was not subject to Germanic incursion before the ...
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Wales provides a rare opportunity to explore the development of an early medieval socio-political landscape in a part of the Western Roman Empire that was not subject to Germanic incursion before the 11th century. South-East Wales is particularly important in this respect as it lies within the Romanised zone of lowland Britain. A lack of early evidence, however, has led scholars to construct anachronistic interpretations overly dependent upon evidence drawn from lawbooks of the 13th century. Archaeological evidence and documentary sources from South-East Wales do, however, afford an opportunity to explore the organisation and exploitation of the early medieval landscape independently of the lawbooks. This chapter examines territorial organisation, central places and long-term political continuity in early medieval South-East Wales. It concludes by considering some of the contrasts between patterns of power in South-East Wales and Anglo-Saxon England.Less
Wales provides a rare opportunity to explore the development of an early medieval socio-political landscape in a part of the Western Roman Empire that was not subject to Germanic incursion before the 11th century. South-East Wales is particularly important in this respect as it lies within the Romanised zone of lowland Britain. A lack of early evidence, however, has led scholars to construct anachronistic interpretations overly dependent upon evidence drawn from lawbooks of the 13th century. Archaeological evidence and documentary sources from South-East Wales do, however, afford an opportunity to explore the organisation and exploitation of the early medieval landscape independently of the lawbooks. This chapter examines territorial organisation, central places and long-term political continuity in early medieval South-East Wales. It concludes by considering some of the contrasts between patterns of power in South-East Wales and Anglo-Saxon England.
Hester Barron
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199575046
- eISBN:
- 9780191722196
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199575046.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This concluding chapter reassesses the concept of community and suggests that the relationship between ‘class' and ‘community’ is more subtle than many commentators have assumed. The sheer number of ...
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This concluding chapter reassesses the concept of community and suggests that the relationship between ‘class' and ‘community’ is more subtle than many commentators have assumed. The sheer number of men employed in or around the Durham coalfield meant that their concerns dominated the political and social life of the region. In such an environment, rather than conflicting identities damaging any sense of communal solidarity, they instead tended to complement a dominant occupational culture. Rather than the ideal type of mining community being one in which a homogeneous occupational identity existed to the exclusion of all others, therefore, the essence of community lay in its ability to subsume and integrate other categories of identity. The chapter also briefly compares Durham with other mining countries and regions, particularly with South Wales.Less
This concluding chapter reassesses the concept of community and suggests that the relationship between ‘class' and ‘community’ is more subtle than many commentators have assumed. The sheer number of men employed in or around the Durham coalfield meant that their concerns dominated the political and social life of the region. In such an environment, rather than conflicting identities damaging any sense of communal solidarity, they instead tended to complement a dominant occupational culture. Rather than the ideal type of mining community being one in which a homogeneous occupational identity existed to the exclusion of all others, therefore, the essence of community lay in its ability to subsume and integrate other categories of identity. The chapter also briefly compares Durham with other mining countries and regions, particularly with South Wales.
James Belich
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199297276
- eISBN:
- 9780191700842
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297276.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Marvellous Melbourne ruled Victoria, a colony as populous and rich in 1890 as the American state of California. Melbourne's empire extended much further. Victorian pastoralists owned large areas of ...
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Marvellous Melbourne ruled Victoria, a colony as populous and rich in 1890 as the American state of California. Melbourne's empire extended much further. Victorian pastoralists owned large areas of the Riverina and many stations in Queensland. Even if they were not Victorian-owned, sheep runs in southern New South Wales' Riverina had to export through Melbourne, which was also a prime market for coal from northern New South Wales, beef from Queensland, and timber from New Zealand. Victorian-controlled capital moved along with British capital to exploit other areas of Australia, including the new mining centre of Broken Hill. Melbourne was ‘the financial centre of Australia’. It was also the financial centre of Fiji, where its money founded sugar plantations, and New Zealand, whose West Coast was ‘an economic dependency of Victoria’. Melbourne's tentacles even stretched to New Guinea, part of which its client-ally, the colony of Queensland, tried to annex in 1883.Less
Marvellous Melbourne ruled Victoria, a colony as populous and rich in 1890 as the American state of California. Melbourne's empire extended much further. Victorian pastoralists owned large areas of the Riverina and many stations in Queensland. Even if they were not Victorian-owned, sheep runs in southern New South Wales' Riverina had to export through Melbourne, which was also a prime market for coal from northern New South Wales, beef from Queensland, and timber from New Zealand. Victorian-controlled capital moved along with British capital to exploit other areas of Australia, including the new mining centre of Broken Hill. Melbourne was ‘the financial centre of Australia’. It was also the financial centre of Fiji, where its money founded sugar plantations, and New Zealand, whose West Coast was ‘an economic dependency of Victoria’. Melbourne's tentacles even stretched to New Guinea, part of which its client-ally, the colony of Queensland, tried to annex in 1883.
Jennifer Temkin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198763550
- eISBN:
- 9780191710391
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198763550.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
The hallmark of the radical reform of rape laws was the rejection of the existing legal framework in favour of the introduction of new offences with a different emphasis. The aim was not merely to ...
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The hallmark of the radical reform of rape laws was the rejection of the existing legal framework in favour of the introduction of new offences with a different emphasis. The aim was not merely to change the law’s approach so that it became more in tune with perceptions of sexual assault, but to address directly the problem of processing rape. This chapter examines legislation passed in Michigan, New South Wales, and Canada, and considers wither it fulfilled the expectations of radical reform.Less
The hallmark of the radical reform of rape laws was the rejection of the existing legal framework in favour of the introduction of new offences with a different emphasis. The aim was not merely to change the law’s approach so that it became more in tune with perceptions of sexual assault, but to address directly the problem of processing rape. This chapter examines legislation passed in Michigan, New South Wales, and Canada, and considers wither it fulfilled the expectations of radical reform.
Stephanie Ward
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719086809
- eISBN:
- 9781781705995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719086809.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter serves as an historiographical introduction to the major themes of the book. It provides a critique of the historiography of the interwar depression and examines the evolution of studies ...
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This chapter serves as an historiographical introduction to the major themes of the book. It provides a critique of the historiography of the interwar depression and examines the evolution of studies of unemployed protest movements. The case for the value of regional comparative histories as a way of exploring the history of the depression is made. The regions of south Wales and the north-east of England are introduced. One of the purposes of the book is to compare the protests of the unemployed. To this end, the nature of industrialisation, work practices, trade unionism, political culture and gender relations within south Wales and the north-east are compared. The major themes of the work and the importance of examining the means test are outlined.Less
This chapter serves as an historiographical introduction to the major themes of the book. It provides a critique of the historiography of the interwar depression and examines the evolution of studies of unemployed protest movements. The case for the value of regional comparative histories as a way of exploring the history of the depression is made. The regions of south Wales and the north-east of England are introduced. One of the purposes of the book is to compare the protests of the unemployed. To this end, the nature of industrialisation, work practices, trade unionism, political culture and gender relations within south Wales and the north-east are compared. The major themes of the work and the importance of examining the means test are outlined.
Robert James
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719080258
- eISBN:
- 9781781702444
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719080258.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter assesses the tastes of working-class consumers in the smaller and more local region of South Wales in order to analyse the popularity of certain films and novels, and consumers' ...
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This chapter assesses the tastes of working-class consumers in the smaller and more local region of South Wales in order to analyse the popularity of certain films and novels, and consumers' responses to them. The South Wales Miners' Institutes played a central role in the life of the region's mining communities, answering many of their social, cultural and educational needs. They were working-class organizations chiefly financed, controlled and managed by the communities in which they were situated. In this sense, then, the Institutes were free from middle-class hegemony, although the values of the middle classes were filtering through, and miners' leaders were keen to use them as social spaces in which miners and their families could experience cultural edification. All the same, officials on both library and cinema committees understood that they had to answer to the needs and desires of those who frequented Institute halls. If Institutes were to thrive, they had to bow to the tastes of their customers; popular demand thus predictably ruled the day.Less
This chapter assesses the tastes of working-class consumers in the smaller and more local region of South Wales in order to analyse the popularity of certain films and novels, and consumers' responses to them. The South Wales Miners' Institutes played a central role in the life of the region's mining communities, answering many of their social, cultural and educational needs. They were working-class organizations chiefly financed, controlled and managed by the communities in which they were situated. In this sense, then, the Institutes were free from middle-class hegemony, although the values of the middle classes were filtering through, and miners' leaders were keen to use them as social spaces in which miners and their families could experience cultural edification. All the same, officials on both library and cinema committees understood that they had to answer to the needs and desires of those who frequented Institute halls. If Institutes were to thrive, they had to bow to the tastes of their customers; popular demand thus predictably ruled the day.
Carol Liston
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824853747
- eISBN:
- 9780824868697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824853747.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
From 1788 men and women convicted of crimes under British law were transported to New South Wales. Exile removed them from their home and family, but this was as much a colony as a prison, a ...
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From 1788 men and women convicted of crimes under British law were transported to New South Wales. Exile removed them from their home and family, but this was as much a colony as a prison, a homogeneous and familiar society where there were opportunities to establish prosperous lives and new social relationships. By examining such lives the chapter raises questions about the unexpected consequences of banishment policies and their impact on individual and collective destinies.Less
From 1788 men and women convicted of crimes under British law were transported to New South Wales. Exile removed them from their home and family, but this was as much a colony as a prison, a homogeneous and familiar society where there were opportunities to establish prosperous lives and new social relationships. By examining such lives the chapter raises questions about the unexpected consequences of banishment policies and their impact on individual and collective destinies.
Judith Healy and Martin McKee
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198516187
- eISBN:
- 9780191723681
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198516187.003.0007
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter examines the models of prison health services in France, England and Wales, and New South Wales (Australia). While France transferred prison health services to the public hospital ...
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This chapter examines the models of prison health services in France, England and Wales, and New South Wales (Australia). While France transferred prison health services to the public hospital sector, health care has remained with prison services in England and Wales; and New South Wales in 1997 set up a specialist corrections health service. There is some evidence from these three models that health care access and quality improved somewhat for prisoners (from a low base), with greater attention and with less isolation from mainstream health care. But it is unclear whether these reforms have changed institutional attitudes to prisoners who are ill; to prisoners as citizens entitled to equal medical care; and to prison as a place that should improve not increase ill-health.Less
This chapter examines the models of prison health services in France, England and Wales, and New South Wales (Australia). While France transferred prison health services to the public hospital sector, health care has remained with prison services in England and Wales; and New South Wales in 1997 set up a specialist corrections health service. There is some evidence from these three models that health care access and quality improved somewhat for prisoners (from a low base), with greater attention and with less isolation from mainstream health care. But it is unclear whether these reforms have changed institutional attitudes to prisoners who are ill; to prisoners as citizens entitled to equal medical care; and to prison as a place that should improve not increase ill-health.
James Keating
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781526140951
- eISBN:
- 9781526158345
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526140968.00007
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This introduction describes the major arguments and methodologies employed in the book, including the application of new imperial history models, networked conceptions of empire, and transnational ...
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This introduction describes the major arguments and methodologies employed in the book, including the application of new imperial history models, networked conceptions of empire, and transnational history to the study of the Australasian and international women’s movements. It traces the trajectories of national suffrage historiography in Australia and New Zealand and details the existence of deep connections between suffragists across Britain’s Australasian colonies as well as these activists’ efforts to build meaningful connections with like-minded women across the world. It concludes by outlining the book’s primary sources and introducing its primary case studies: New South Wales, New Zealand, and South Australia. By paying careful attention to women from these emblematic colonies, it at once restores the suffragists to the overlapping worlds of Australasian and international feminist activism that they did so much to build and identifies the limits of transnational thought and action at the fin-de-siècle.Less
This introduction describes the major arguments and methodologies employed in the book, including the application of new imperial history models, networked conceptions of empire, and transnational history to the study of the Australasian and international women’s movements. It traces the trajectories of national suffrage historiography in Australia and New Zealand and details the existence of deep connections between suffragists across Britain’s Australasian colonies as well as these activists’ efforts to build meaningful connections with like-minded women across the world. It concludes by outlining the book’s primary sources and introducing its primary case studies: New South Wales, New Zealand, and South Australia. By paying careful attention to women from these emblematic colonies, it at once restores the suffragists to the overlapping worlds of Australasian and international feminist activism that they did so much to build and identifies the limits of transnational thought and action at the fin-de-siècle.
Lauren Benton and Lisa Ford
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814771167
- eISBN:
- 9780814708316
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814771167.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter examines the place of convicts and slaves in the remaking of legal pluralism in the British Empire. It considers the role of magistrates in regulating the exercise of masters' ...
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This chapter examines the place of convicts and slaves in the remaking of legal pluralism in the British Empire. It considers the role of magistrates in regulating the exercise of masters' jurisdiction over slaves and convicts in sites of unfree labor. Using two case studies, one from the Leeward Islands and one from New South Wales, it explores how conversations about magisterial failure or abuse of power gave rise to sustained and transformative debates over configurations of authority after 1800 throughout the empire. The chapter first discusses the capacity of colonial magistrates to control convict and slave masters in the Leeward Islands and New South Wales. It then assesses the jurisdictional politics produced by magistrates and masters in the Leeward Islands and New South Wales between 1810 and 1830 as well as constitutional debates about the scope of legal authority of middling officials and their implications for imperial sovereignty.Less
This chapter examines the place of convicts and slaves in the remaking of legal pluralism in the British Empire. It considers the role of magistrates in regulating the exercise of masters' jurisdiction over slaves and convicts in sites of unfree labor. Using two case studies, one from the Leeward Islands and one from New South Wales, it explores how conversations about magisterial failure or abuse of power gave rise to sustained and transformative debates over configurations of authority after 1800 throughout the empire. The chapter first discusses the capacity of colonial magistrates to control convict and slave masters in the Leeward Islands and New South Wales. It then assesses the jurisdictional politics produced by magistrates and masters in the Leeward Islands and New South Wales between 1810 and 1830 as well as constitutional debates about the scope of legal authority of middling officials and their implications for imperial sovereignty.
Harold Mytum
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474473781
- eISBN:
- 9781474491273
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474473781.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
Mortuary monuments were used by Scots and Ulster Scots as they selectively chose to forget or remember their origins once they settled in new lands around the world. Those who moved to Pennsylvania ...
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Mortuary monuments were used by Scots and Ulster Scots as they selectively chose to forget or remember their origins once they settled in new lands around the world. Those who moved to Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century and New South Wales in the nineteenth century employed different strategies regarding how they would create their identities and promote or discard aspects of their origins. Burial monument texts look back over the deceased’s life, but they are also selected by the living to create publicly visible family history and affiliation. Through both text and symbol on the memorials, families create visible, meaningful, biographies. Using survey data from Pennsylvania and New South Wales collected to investigate diasporic remembering and forgetting, this analysis recognises a widespread prevalence of forgetting and an increasing interest in creating new identities in the colonial context. However, some saw their origins as part of their identity and this formed part of the visible family biography.Less
Mortuary monuments were used by Scots and Ulster Scots as they selectively chose to forget or remember their origins once they settled in new lands around the world. Those who moved to Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century and New South Wales in the nineteenth century employed different strategies regarding how they would create their identities and promote or discard aspects of their origins. Burial monument texts look back over the deceased’s life, but they are also selected by the living to create publicly visible family history and affiliation. Through both text and symbol on the memorials, families create visible, meaningful, biographies. Using survey data from Pennsylvania and New South Wales collected to investigate diasporic remembering and forgetting, this analysis recognises a widespread prevalence of forgetting and an increasing interest in creating new identities in the colonial context. However, some saw their origins as part of their identity and this formed part of the visible family biography.
Peter K. Austin
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265765
- eISBN:
- 9780191771958
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265765.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Language Families
The history of indigenous Aboriginal languages in eastern Australia for the 200 years following first European settlement in 1788 has been one of loss and extinction. By 1988 it appears that none of ...
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The history of indigenous Aboriginal languages in eastern Australia for the 200 years following first European settlement in 1788 has been one of loss and extinction. By 1988 it appears that none of the approximately 70 languages originally spoken in what is now New South Wales and Victoria had fully fluent speakers who had acquired them as a first language as children. However, the last 25 years have seen the development of language revitalization projects in a number of communities across this region that have achieved remarkable outcomes, and have introduced Aboriginal languages into schools and other domains. This chapter is an exploration of the social, cultural, political, and attitudinal factors that relate to these developments, drawing on a case study of Gamilaraay-Yuwaalaraay from north-west New South Wales. The importance of local, regional, and national politics is also explored.Less
The history of indigenous Aboriginal languages in eastern Australia for the 200 years following first European settlement in 1788 has been one of loss and extinction. By 1988 it appears that none of the approximately 70 languages originally spoken in what is now New South Wales and Victoria had fully fluent speakers who had acquired them as a first language as children. However, the last 25 years have seen the development of language revitalization projects in a number of communities across this region that have achieved remarkable outcomes, and have introduced Aboriginal languages into schools and other domains. This chapter is an exploration of the social, cultural, political, and attitudinal factors that relate to these developments, drawing on a case study of Gamilaraay-Yuwaalaraay from north-west New South Wales. The importance of local, regional, and national politics is also explored.
Lindsay Proudfoot and Dianne Hall
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719078378
- eISBN:
- 9781781702895
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719078378.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter investigates the four narratives of place which exemplify the complex and ambiguous environmental, racial, social and ethnic semiotics that inflected the pastoral cartographies created ...
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This chapter investigates the four narratives of place which exemplify the complex and ambiguous environmental, racial, social and ethnic semiotics that inflected the pastoral cartographies created by Scots and Irish squatters in Victoria and New South Wales. Charles Fetherstonhaugh, James Hamilton and William Moodie wrote autobiographies celebrating Australia's pioneering era and their role in it. It is apparent that for some squatters, the indigenous presence formed a disquieting element within their colonial present. Acts of enclosure such as those by Patrick Coady Buckley created a new and, for settlers, arguably universal vocabulary of landscape. Scottish architecture offers firmer grounds on which to establish deliberate invocations of ethnic memory. Each squatter's engagement with the physical landscape depended upon cognitive behaviour and environmental learning that were equally subjective. The place meanings enacted in the pastoral landscapes of Victoria and New South Wales by Irish and Scottish squatters were characteristically ambiguous.Less
This chapter investigates the four narratives of place which exemplify the complex and ambiguous environmental, racial, social and ethnic semiotics that inflected the pastoral cartographies created by Scots and Irish squatters in Victoria and New South Wales. Charles Fetherstonhaugh, James Hamilton and William Moodie wrote autobiographies celebrating Australia's pioneering era and their role in it. It is apparent that for some squatters, the indigenous presence formed a disquieting element within their colonial present. Acts of enclosure such as those by Patrick Coady Buckley created a new and, for settlers, arguably universal vocabulary of landscape. Scottish architecture offers firmer grounds on which to establish deliberate invocations of ethnic memory. Each squatter's engagement with the physical landscape depended upon cognitive behaviour and environmental learning that were equally subjective. The place meanings enacted in the pastoral landscapes of Victoria and New South Wales by Irish and Scottish squatters were characteristically ambiguous.
Lindsay J. Proudfoot and Dianne P. Hall
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719078378
- eISBN:
- 9781781702895
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719078378.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This book takes two of the most influential minority groups of white settlers in the British Empire—the Irish and the Scots—and explores how they imagined themselves within the landscapes of its ...
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This book takes two of the most influential minority groups of white settlers in the British Empire—the Irish and the Scots—and explores how they imagined themselves within the landscapes of its farthest reaches, the Australian colonies of Victoria and New South Wales. Using letters and diaries as well as records of collective activities such as committee meetings, parades and dinners, it examines how the Irish and Scots built new identities as settlers in the unknown spaces of Empire. Utilizing critical geographical theories of ‘place’ as the site of memory and agency, the book considers how Irish and Scots settlers grounded their sense of belonging in the imagined landscapes of south-east Australia. Emphasizing the complexity of colonial identity formation and the ways in which this was spatially constructed, it challenges conventional understandings of the Irish and Scottish presence in Australia. The opening chapters locate the book's themes and perspectives within a survey of the existing historical and geographical literature on empire and diaspora. These pay particular attention to the ‘new’ imperial history and to alternative transnational and ‘located’ understandings of diasporic consciousness. Subsequent chapters work within these frames and examine the constructions of place evinced by Irish and Scottish emigrants during the outward voyage and subsequent processes of pastoral and urban settlement, and in religious observance.Less
This book takes two of the most influential minority groups of white settlers in the British Empire—the Irish and the Scots—and explores how they imagined themselves within the landscapes of its farthest reaches, the Australian colonies of Victoria and New South Wales. Using letters and diaries as well as records of collective activities such as committee meetings, parades and dinners, it examines how the Irish and Scots built new identities as settlers in the unknown spaces of Empire. Utilizing critical geographical theories of ‘place’ as the site of memory and agency, the book considers how Irish and Scots settlers grounded their sense of belonging in the imagined landscapes of south-east Australia. Emphasizing the complexity of colonial identity formation and the ways in which this was spatially constructed, it challenges conventional understandings of the Irish and Scottish presence in Australia. The opening chapters locate the book's themes and perspectives within a survey of the existing historical and geographical literature on empire and diaspora. These pay particular attention to the ‘new’ imperial history and to alternative transnational and ‘located’ understandings of diasporic consciousness. Subsequent chapters work within these frames and examine the constructions of place evinced by Irish and Scottish emigrants during the outward voyage and subsequent processes of pastoral and urban settlement, and in religious observance.
Stephanie Ward
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719086809
- eISBN:
- 9781781705995
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719086809.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
Unemployment and the State in Britain offers an important and original contribution to understandings of the 1930s. This is the first full-length study of the highly controversial household means ...
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Unemployment and the State in Britain offers an important and original contribution to understandings of the 1930s. This is the first full-length study of the highly controversial household means test introduced by the National Government in 1931. The means test was often at the centre of public and private debates about unemployment, and it generated the largest examples of street protests in the interwar period. The book examines the construction of the image of the means test and claims that it worsened the position of the long-term unemployed. The idea that the test led families to separate, malnutrition and ill health to increase and suicide rates to escalate ensured its lasting significance politically and culturally. How the unemployed responded to the measure and the wider impact of collective action is a central theme of this book. Through a comparative case study of south Wales and the north-east of England the nature of protest movements, the identity of the unemployed and the wider relationship between the working class, local authorities, the police and the government is explored. Based upon extensive primary research, this study will appeal to students and scholars of the depression, social movements, studies of the unemployed, social policy and interwar British society.Less
Unemployment and the State in Britain offers an important and original contribution to understandings of the 1930s. This is the first full-length study of the highly controversial household means test introduced by the National Government in 1931. The means test was often at the centre of public and private debates about unemployment, and it generated the largest examples of street protests in the interwar period. The book examines the construction of the image of the means test and claims that it worsened the position of the long-term unemployed. The idea that the test led families to separate, malnutrition and ill health to increase and suicide rates to escalate ensured its lasting significance politically and culturally. How the unemployed responded to the measure and the wider impact of collective action is a central theme of this book. Through a comparative case study of south Wales and the north-east of England the nature of protest movements, the identity of the unemployed and the wider relationship between the working class, local authorities, the police and the government is explored. Based upon extensive primary research, this study will appeal to students and scholars of the depression, social movements, studies of the unemployed, social policy and interwar British society.
Lewis H. Mates
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719090684
- eISBN:
- 9781526109620
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719090684.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter considers the re-emergence of the demand for a miners’ minimum wage and the origins and activities of a growing rank-and-file movement in the Durham coalfield advocating it. It begins by ...
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This chapter considers the re-emergence of the demand for a miners’ minimum wage and the origins and activities of a growing rank-and-file movement in the Durham coalfield advocating it. It begins by examining the context of summer 1911 and the influence of South Wales syndicalist miners in bringing their call for a minimum wage to Durham and how a new cohort of younger ILP activist miners, led by figures like Ruskin-educated Jack Lawson, enthusiastically took up the cudgels, creating around themselves a mass and active movement based on educating and agitating. The minimum wage campaign was initially allied with demands to revoke the Eight Hours Agreement but the latter remained divisive and was gradually sidelined by ILP activists. The chapter then offers a new, more nuanced interpretation of the actual votes in Durham to strike for the minimum wage and then to stay out on strike for a better settlement in 1912, depicting them in a more positive light than earlier accounts. Finally, it details the initial minimum wage award in Durham, which, with a lengthy set of strict and onerous rules attached to an ungenerous (for most grades of miner) award provoked renewed outrage among many miners.Less
This chapter considers the re-emergence of the demand for a miners’ minimum wage and the origins and activities of a growing rank-and-file movement in the Durham coalfield advocating it. It begins by examining the context of summer 1911 and the influence of South Wales syndicalist miners in bringing their call for a minimum wage to Durham and how a new cohort of younger ILP activist miners, led by figures like Ruskin-educated Jack Lawson, enthusiastically took up the cudgels, creating around themselves a mass and active movement based on educating and agitating. The minimum wage campaign was initially allied with demands to revoke the Eight Hours Agreement but the latter remained divisive and was gradually sidelined by ILP activists. The chapter then offers a new, more nuanced interpretation of the actual votes in Durham to strike for the minimum wage and then to stay out on strike for a better settlement in 1912, depicting them in a more positive light than earlier accounts. Finally, it details the initial minimum wage award in Durham, which, with a lengthy set of strict and onerous rules attached to an ungenerous (for most grades of miner) award provoked renewed outrage among many miners.
Hasia R. Diner
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300178647
- eISBN:
- 9780300210194
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300178647.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
Between the late 1700s and the 1920s, nearly one-third of the world's Jews emigrated to new lands. Crossing borders and often oceans, they followed paths paved by the intrepid peddlers who preceded ...
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Between the late 1700s and the 1920s, nearly one-third of the world's Jews emigrated to new lands. Crossing borders and often oceans, they followed paths paved by the intrepid peddlers who preceded them. This book tells the remarkable story of the Jewish men who put packs on their backs and traveled forth, house to house, farm to farm, mining camp to mining camp, to sell their goods to peoples across the world. Persistent and resourceful, these peddlers propelled a mass migration of Jewish families out of central and eastern Europe, north Africa, and the Ottoman Empire to destinations as far-flung as the United States, Great Britain, South Africa, and Latin America. This book tells the story of millions of discontented young Jewish men who sought opportunity abroad, leaving parents, wives, and sweethearts behind. Wherever they went, they learned unfamiliar languages and customs, endured loneliness, battled the elements, and proffered goods from the metropolis to people of the hinterlands. In the Irish Midlands, the Adirondacks of New York, the mining camps of New South Wales, and so many other places, these traveling men brought change—to themselves and the families who later followed, to the women whose homes and communities they entered, and ultimately to the geography of Jewish history.Less
Between the late 1700s and the 1920s, nearly one-third of the world's Jews emigrated to new lands. Crossing borders and often oceans, they followed paths paved by the intrepid peddlers who preceded them. This book tells the remarkable story of the Jewish men who put packs on their backs and traveled forth, house to house, farm to farm, mining camp to mining camp, to sell their goods to peoples across the world. Persistent and resourceful, these peddlers propelled a mass migration of Jewish families out of central and eastern Europe, north Africa, and the Ottoman Empire to destinations as far-flung as the United States, Great Britain, South Africa, and Latin America. This book tells the story of millions of discontented young Jewish men who sought opportunity abroad, leaving parents, wives, and sweethearts behind. Wherever they went, they learned unfamiliar languages and customs, endured loneliness, battled the elements, and proffered goods from the metropolis to people of the hinterlands. In the Irish Midlands, the Adirondacks of New York, the mining camps of New South Wales, and so many other places, these traveling men brought change—to themselves and the families who later followed, to the women whose homes and communities they entered, and ultimately to the geography of Jewish history.
Drude Dahlerup and Monique Leyenaar (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199653898
- eISBN:
- 9780191751578
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199653898.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Has male dominance in political life been broken? Will gender balance in elected assemblies soon be reached? This book analyses the longitudinal development of women’s political representation in ...
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Has male dominance in political life been broken? Will gender balance in elected assemblies soon be reached? This book analyses the longitudinal development of women’s political representation in eight old democracies, in which women were enfranchised before and around World War I: Denmark, Iceland, Germany, the Netherlands, New Jersey (USA), New South Wales (Australia), Sweden, and the United Kingdom. These countries/states have all followed an incremental track model of change in women’s position in political life, but have followed different trajectories. This slow development stands in contrast to recent examples of fast-track development in many countries from the Global South, not least as a result of the adoption of gender quotas. Furthermore, the book discusses in four separate chapters the common historical development in old democracies, the different trajectories and sequences, the framing of women politicians, and the impact of party and party system change. In this book an innovative model of male dominance is developed and defined in terms of both degree and scope. Four stages are identified: male monopoly, small minority, large minority, and gender balance. The book then reconceptualizes male dominance by also looking at horizontal and vertical sex segregation in politics, at male-coded norms in the political workplace, and at discourses of women as politicians. According to the time-lag theory, gender balance in politics will gradually be achieved. But this theory is challenged by recent stagnation and falls in women’s representation in some of the old democracies. A new concept of conditional irreversibility is developed in the final discussion about whether we are heading for gender balance in politics.Less
Has male dominance in political life been broken? Will gender balance in elected assemblies soon be reached? This book analyses the longitudinal development of women’s political representation in eight old democracies, in which women were enfranchised before and around World War I: Denmark, Iceland, Germany, the Netherlands, New Jersey (USA), New South Wales (Australia), Sweden, and the United Kingdom. These countries/states have all followed an incremental track model of change in women’s position in political life, but have followed different trajectories. This slow development stands in contrast to recent examples of fast-track development in many countries from the Global South, not least as a result of the adoption of gender quotas. Furthermore, the book discusses in four separate chapters the common historical development in old democracies, the different trajectories and sequences, the framing of women politicians, and the impact of party and party system change. In this book an innovative model of male dominance is developed and defined in terms of both degree and scope. Four stages are identified: male monopoly, small minority, large minority, and gender balance. The book then reconceptualizes male dominance by also looking at horizontal and vertical sex segregation in politics, at male-coded norms in the political workplace, and at discourses of women as politicians. According to the time-lag theory, gender balance in politics will gradually be achieved. But this theory is challenged by recent stagnation and falls in women’s representation in some of the old democracies. A new concept of conditional irreversibility is developed in the final discussion about whether we are heading for gender balance in politics.
Becky Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719075674
- eISBN:
- 9781781700853
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719075674.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
This chapter discusses how attitudes and biases within government culture and process affected Travellers in the context of the new formalised planning environment and shortage of stopping places. ...
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This chapter discusses how attitudes and biases within government culture and process affected Travellers in the context of the new formalised planning environment and shortage of stopping places. Through case studies of the Traveller survey of Kent, and an eviction in South Wales, it shows how engrained governmental attitudes, and the balance of power and responsibility between central and local authorities, are again key to understanding the treatment of Travellers and the idea of official sites. Government refused to acknowledge either the existence of a national shortage of stopping places and longer-term sites, or a need for official sites. West Ashford rural district council in Kent created an official site after a group of Travellers were evicted from a common. Local authorities never saw sites as the means to allow Travellers to simultaneously exist within the framework of modern society and continue their nomadic lifestyles.Less
This chapter discusses how attitudes and biases within government culture and process affected Travellers in the context of the new formalised planning environment and shortage of stopping places. Through case studies of the Traveller survey of Kent, and an eviction in South Wales, it shows how engrained governmental attitudes, and the balance of power and responsibility between central and local authorities, are again key to understanding the treatment of Travellers and the idea of official sites. Government refused to acknowledge either the existence of a national shortage of stopping places and longer-term sites, or a need for official sites. West Ashford rural district council in Kent created an official site after a group of Travellers were evicted from a common. Local authorities never saw sites as the means to allow Travellers to simultaneously exist within the framework of modern society and continue their nomadic lifestyles.
