Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz, and Christof Hartmann (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199249596
- eISBN:
- 9780191600012
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199249598.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
Gives a comprehensive overview of national elections and referendums in South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. For all relevant states, the legal provisions on suffrage as well as ...
More
Gives a comprehensive overview of national elections and referendums in South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. For all relevant states, the legal provisions on suffrage as well as parliamentary and presidential electoral systems are analysed in both a historical and a comparative manner. Investigates the effects of elections and electoral systems on the development of the political regimes. The concluding section summarizes the context‐specific availability and reliability of official electoral statistics. The appendix presents the basic features of the parliamentary electoral systems currently applied in the 30 states of the three regions.Less
Gives a comprehensive overview of national elections and referendums in South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. For all relevant states, the legal provisions on suffrage as well as parliamentary and presidential electoral systems are analysed in both a historical and a comparative manner. Investigates the effects of elections and electoral systems on the development of the political regimes. The concluding section summarizes the context‐specific availability and reliability of official electoral statistics. The appendix presents the basic features of the parliamentary electoral systems currently applied in the 30 states of the three regions.
Nicholas Tarling
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205661
- eISBN:
- 9780191676741
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205661.003.0026
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
The historiography of South-East Asia provides examples of every type of Imperial relationship and of others that at first sight do not seem Imperial. The concept of South-East Asia as a region is ...
More
The historiography of South-East Asia provides examples of every type of Imperial relationship and of others that at first sight do not seem Imperial. The concept of South-East Asia as a region is under challenge. The historiography of British South-East Asia gives opportunities for studying both the territories of South-East Asia and the region as a whole and considering the interrelationships. In the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s, the writing on British imperialism in South-East Asia grew for a number of reasons. The study of British imperialism in South-East Asia until the late 1960s had been constrained by the fifty-year rule. The change to a thirty-year rule by the Wilson government had a number of effects, both short- and long-term. The historiography of South-East Asia was being enriched, not only by the extension of its purview, but by its deepening. In the 1990s, a new wave of nationalism penetrated the historical profession in South-East Asia. So far, the historiography of South-East Asia, in part perhaps because it has grown out of studies of Imperial activities, has been enriched by an international approach in method, in authorship, and in publication.Less
The historiography of South-East Asia provides examples of every type of Imperial relationship and of others that at first sight do not seem Imperial. The concept of South-East Asia as a region is under challenge. The historiography of British South-East Asia gives opportunities for studying both the territories of South-East Asia and the region as a whole and considering the interrelationships. In the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s, the writing on British imperialism in South-East Asia grew for a number of reasons. The study of British imperialism in South-East Asia until the late 1960s had been constrained by the fifty-year rule. The change to a thirty-year rule by the Wilson government had a number of effects, both short- and long-term. The historiography of South-East Asia was being enriched, not only by the extension of its purview, but by its deepening. In the 1990s, a new wave of nationalism penetrated the historical profession in South-East Asia. So far, the historiography of South-East Asia, in part perhaps because it has grown out of studies of Imperial activities, has been enriched by an international approach in method, in authorship, and in publication.
Bernhard Wälchli
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199276219
- eISBN:
- 9780191706042
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276219.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
The investigation of two parallel texts is used to show that co-compounding in continental Eurasia is distributed in a highly predictable way based on area, thus demonstrating the importance of ...
More
The investigation of two parallel texts is used to show that co-compounding in continental Eurasia is distributed in a highly predictable way based on area, thus demonstrating the importance of frequency studies in areal typology. The individual consideration of Eurasian language families and isolates across spread and residual zones confirms this result. However, there are also considerable differences in frequency in different styles and registers within individual languages, as shown in a case study on Erzya Mordvin. Different structural properties of various East and South East Asian languages are discussed, illustrating that convergence in general frequency and diversity in details of structure go hand in hand. A discussion of several possible predicting factors for the frequency of co-compounds shows that co-compounds are highly independent from other features. An appendix treats the distribution of co-compounds beyond Eurasia, mainly in New Guinea and Meso-America.Less
The investigation of two parallel texts is used to show that co-compounding in continental Eurasia is distributed in a highly predictable way based on area, thus demonstrating the importance of frequency studies in areal typology. The individual consideration of Eurasian language families and isolates across spread and residual zones confirms this result. However, there are also considerable differences in frequency in different styles and registers within individual languages, as shown in a case study on Erzya Mordvin. Different structural properties of various East and South East Asian languages are discussed, illustrating that convergence in general frequency and diversity in details of structure go hand in hand. A discussion of several possible predicting factors for the frequency of co-compounds shows that co-compounds are highly independent from other features. An appendix treats the distribution of co-compounds beyond Eurasia, mainly in New Guinea and Meso-America.
A. J. STOCKWELL
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205647
- eISBN:
- 9780191676727
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205647.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
The exercise of British power in South-East Asia until 1914 was shaped by the expansion of the colonial state, fluctuations in world capitalism, nationalist reactions, and international relations. ...
More
The exercise of British power in South-East Asia until 1914 was shaped by the expansion of the colonial state, fluctuations in world capitalism, nationalist reactions, and international relations. The more heavily colonialism bore down upon South-East Asian societies, the more complex became problems of managing collaborators, controlling opponents, manipulating minority groups, and balancing communal interests. Preoccupied with Europe and lacking either an alliance with the United States or adequate military resources to act alone, Britain was unable to defend her South-East Asian Empire during 1941–2. A discussion on British imperialism and South-East Asia nationalism to 1941, the Japanese occupation and British wartime planning during 1941–5, and the new imperialism and end of Empire after 1945 is provided. The history of the British Empire in South-East Asia during the 20th century is partly a tale of diminishing British power associated with economic and military decline, aggravated by local resistance.Less
The exercise of British power in South-East Asia until 1914 was shaped by the expansion of the colonial state, fluctuations in world capitalism, nationalist reactions, and international relations. The more heavily colonialism bore down upon South-East Asian societies, the more complex became problems of managing collaborators, controlling opponents, manipulating minority groups, and balancing communal interests. Preoccupied with Europe and lacking either an alliance with the United States or adequate military resources to act alone, Britain was unable to defend her South-East Asian Empire during 1941–2. A discussion on British imperialism and South-East Asia nationalism to 1941, the Japanese occupation and British wartime planning during 1941–5, and the new imperialism and end of Empire after 1945 is provided. The history of the British Empire in South-East Asia during the 20th century is partly a tale of diminishing British power associated with economic and military decline, aggravated by local resistance.
Bernard Debarbieux, Gilles Rudaz, and Martin F. Price
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226031118
- eISBN:
- 9780226031255
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226031255.003.0007
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
Chapter 6 focuses on the place of "mountains" in the colonial project. In the first place, the colonial power optimized its occupation and control of the territories it had claimed by identifying and ...
More
Chapter 6 focuses on the place of "mountains" in the colonial project. In the first place, the colonial power optimized its occupation and control of the territories it had claimed by identifying and mapping all the landforms that served as natural ramparts and obstacles to free movement. Second, it circumscribed populations judged singular from the start, using the mountain environment as a social indicator and as a vehicle for naturalizing the peoples encountered there. The category of “the mountaineer” proved, once again, to be useful for this purpose, for qualifying both local people living in the mountains and mostly Western mountain climbers who were to promote oropolitics in the Himalayas, the Caucasus and the Andes.Less
Chapter 6 focuses on the place of "mountains" in the colonial project. In the first place, the colonial power optimized its occupation and control of the territories it had claimed by identifying and mapping all the landforms that served as natural ramparts and obstacles to free movement. Second, it circumscribed populations judged singular from the start, using the mountain environment as a social indicator and as a vehicle for naturalizing the peoples encountered there. The category of “the mountaineer” proved, once again, to be useful for this purpose, for qualifying both local people living in the mountains and mostly Western mountain climbers who were to promote oropolitics in the Himalayas, the Caucasus and the Andes.
Alan Walker and Chack-kie Wong (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861345523
- eISBN:
- 9781447302162
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861345523.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
Eastern welfare systems have largely been neglected by Western social policy. There is very little information in the West about their operation and the differences between them. Yet, as China and ...
More
Eastern welfare systems have largely been neglected by Western social policy. There is very little information in the West about their operation and the differences between them. Yet, as China and South-East Asia emerge as a major regional economic block, it is vital to understand the social models that are in operation there and how they are developing. This book puts the spotlight on the Chinese and South-East Asian welfare systems, providing an up-to-date assessment of their character and development. In particular, it examines the underlying assumptions of these systems and how the processes of globalisation are impacting on them. As well as specific country case studies, there is a valuable comparative analysis of Eastern and Western welfare states. The book provides a unique insight into the main South-East Asian welfare systems and chapters have been written by experts living and working within them. It focuses on ‘Confucianism’ and globalisation to provide an account of tradition and change within the South-East Asian cultural context.Less
Eastern welfare systems have largely been neglected by Western social policy. There is very little information in the West about their operation and the differences between them. Yet, as China and South-East Asia emerge as a major regional economic block, it is vital to understand the social models that are in operation there and how they are developing. This book puts the spotlight on the Chinese and South-East Asian welfare systems, providing an up-to-date assessment of their character and development. In particular, it examines the underlying assumptions of these systems and how the processes of globalisation are impacting on them. As well as specific country case studies, there is a valuable comparative analysis of Eastern and Western welfare states. The book provides a unique insight into the main South-East Asian welfare systems and chapters have been written by experts living and working within them. It focuses on ‘Confucianism’ and globalisation to provide an account of tradition and change within the South-East Asian cultural context.
Andy Sumner
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198792369
- eISBN:
- 9780191834370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198792369.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia, Development, Growth, and Environmental
In this chapter we revisit this first era of classical developmentalism and industrialization in South East Asia from the late 1960s to the early to mid 1980s. The chapter argues that in keeping with ...
More
In this chapter we revisit this first era of classical developmentalism and industrialization in South East Asia from the late 1960s to the early to mid 1980s. The chapter argues that in keeping with the discussion of Lewis and Kuznets, the outcomes were impressive, and the end of classical developmentalism in South East Asia was due to global forces and the mode of global incorporation. The state was important in managing distributional tensions to address the Kuznetsian upswing of inequality that structural transformation unleashes. Specifically, the focus on agriculture and rural development ensured a social basis—improvements in welfare for the rural masses—that compensated for democracy. Agricultural development also supported industrialization. It is important to note, though, that absence of elite conflict, which facilitated structural transformation and inclusive growth in the region, had a high price in terms of the curtailing of political opposition, and political freedoms.Less
In this chapter we revisit this first era of classical developmentalism and industrialization in South East Asia from the late 1960s to the early to mid 1980s. The chapter argues that in keeping with the discussion of Lewis and Kuznets, the outcomes were impressive, and the end of classical developmentalism in South East Asia was due to global forces and the mode of global incorporation. The state was important in managing distributional tensions to address the Kuznetsian upswing of inequality that structural transformation unleashes. Specifically, the focus on agriculture and rural development ensured a social basis—improvements in welfare for the rural masses—that compensated for democracy. Agricultural development also supported industrialization. It is important to note, though, that absence of elite conflict, which facilitated structural transformation and inclusive growth in the region, had a high price in terms of the curtailing of political opposition, and political freedoms.
Stefanie Kam Li Yee
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190922610
- eISBN:
- 9780190943165
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190922610.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter provides an analysis of the factors that have driven recent trans-migration of Uyghurs through Southeast Asia and explores potential linkages to terrorism. It argues that the ...
More
This chapter provides an analysis of the factors that have driven recent trans-migration of Uyghurs through Southeast Asia and explores potential linkages to terrorism. It argues that the trans-migration of Uyghurs via Southeast Asia cannot be isolated from the larger social resistance of Uyghurs in Xinjiang against Han Chinese rule. China’s harder line in Xinjiang under the leadership of President Xi Jinping, in particular, have left many Uyghurs with choices that are either to migrate, to abandon their culture and religious identity in favor of a homogenous Chinese identity, or to give expression to their identity either through violent or non-violent resistance. This situation has provided not only the impetus for thousands of Uyghurs to migrate but also the opportunity for the intersection of Uyghur aspirations with the global forces of Islamist radicalism.Less
This chapter provides an analysis of the factors that have driven recent trans-migration of Uyghurs through Southeast Asia and explores potential linkages to terrorism. It argues that the trans-migration of Uyghurs via Southeast Asia cannot be isolated from the larger social resistance of Uyghurs in Xinjiang against Han Chinese rule. China’s harder line in Xinjiang under the leadership of President Xi Jinping, in particular, have left many Uyghurs with choices that are either to migrate, to abandon their culture and religious identity in favor of a homogenous Chinese identity, or to give expression to their identity either through violent or non-violent resistance. This situation has provided not only the impetus for thousands of Uyghurs to migrate but also the opportunity for the intersection of Uyghur aspirations with the global forces of Islamist radicalism.
Ross Cranston
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199292073
- eISBN:
- 9780191700699
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199292073.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Legal Profession and Ethics
This chapter describes the effect of law on economic development. It specifically explores the reality of credit and security law in the region ...
More
This chapter describes the effect of law on economic development. It specifically explores the reality of credit and security law in the region covered by the bank. Economic factors in credit allocation and debt recovery are various. In addition, politics takes various turnings with credit allocation and debt recovery. The cultural aspects of the subject are at once the most difficult and yet possibly the most important because it is an extremely complex blend of factors difficult to determine separately. Discussion on the law of borrowing and debt recovery is provided. It is stated that the rhetoric of the rule of law is one weapon in the battle for fairer and more economically efficient credit allocation and debt recovery.Less
This chapter describes the effect of law on economic development. It specifically explores the reality of credit and security law in the region covered by the bank. Economic factors in credit allocation and debt recovery are various. In addition, politics takes various turnings with credit allocation and debt recovery. The cultural aspects of the subject are at once the most difficult and yet possibly the most important because it is an extremely complex blend of factors difficult to determine separately. Discussion on the law of borrowing and debt recovery is provided. It is stated that the rhetoric of the rule of law is one weapon in the battle for fairer and more economically efficient credit allocation and debt recovery.
Arupjyoti Saikia
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198069539
- eISBN:
- 9780199081240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198069539.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter discusses forest and forest conservation in South and South-East Asia within a comparative perspective. It also discusses the future of political forests wherein reforestation movements ...
More
This chapter discusses forest and forest conservation in South and South-East Asia within a comparative perspective. It also discusses the future of political forests wherein reforestation movements will be in constant conflict with commerce and agriculture. Compared to the history of colonial forestry, the making of the forest policy in the post-colonial period was defined by the complexities of the political matrix and political machinery. Although forests nowadays are more politically influenced, the Assam forests in the colonial period were not entirely free from political negotiation and machinery. It was also under the commercial and profit-generating interests of the imperial rule and the powerful political class. Apart from discussing the history of the Assam forests, its difference and similarities in other forests, the chapter also evaluates how the present day ecological conflicts are intricately woven in the colonial era when forests, land and resource-based conflicts began to take shape.Less
This chapter discusses forest and forest conservation in South and South-East Asia within a comparative perspective. It also discusses the future of political forests wherein reforestation movements will be in constant conflict with commerce and agriculture. Compared to the history of colonial forestry, the making of the forest policy in the post-colonial period was defined by the complexities of the political matrix and political machinery. Although forests nowadays are more politically influenced, the Assam forests in the colonial period were not entirely free from political negotiation and machinery. It was also under the commercial and profit-generating interests of the imperial rule and the powerful political class. Apart from discussing the history of the Assam forests, its difference and similarities in other forests, the chapter also evaluates how the present day ecological conflicts are intricately woven in the colonial era when forests, land and resource-based conflicts began to take shape.
David Deterding
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748625444
- eISBN:
- 9780748651535
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625444.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, English Language
Over the past few decades, Singapore English has been emerging as an independent variety of English with its own distinct style of pronunciation, grammar and word usage. This book provides an ...
More
Over the past few decades, Singapore English has been emerging as an independent variety of English with its own distinct style of pronunciation, grammar and word usage. This book provides an overview of this variety, including coverage of its pronunciation, including comparisons with the pronunciation of English in other countries in South-East Asia; its morphology and grammar; the words that are used, including instances where the meaning is distinct from other varieties of English; the discourse patterns that are found, including use of particles such as lah; and its history and current developments. All the findings presented in the book are illustrated with extensive examples from one hour of recorded conversational data from the Lim Siew Hwee Corpus of Informal Singapore Speech, as well as some extracts from the NIE Corpus of Spoken Singapore Speech and recent blogs. In addition, usage patterns found in the data are summarised, to provide a foundation for the reported occurrence of various features of the language. A full transcript of the data is included in the final chapter of the book.Less
Over the past few decades, Singapore English has been emerging as an independent variety of English with its own distinct style of pronunciation, grammar and word usage. This book provides an overview of this variety, including coverage of its pronunciation, including comparisons with the pronunciation of English in other countries in South-East Asia; its morphology and grammar; the words that are used, including instances where the meaning is distinct from other varieties of English; the discourse patterns that are found, including use of particles such as lah; and its history and current developments. All the findings presented in the book are illustrated with extensive examples from one hour of recorded conversational data from the Lim Siew Hwee Corpus of Informal Singapore Speech, as well as some extracts from the NIE Corpus of Spoken Singapore Speech and recent blogs. In addition, usage patterns found in the data are summarised, to provide a foundation for the reported occurrence of various features of the language. A full transcript of the data is included in the final chapter of the book.
Kenneth O Morgan
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198227649
- eISBN:
- 9780191678769
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198227649.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Following the pound's devaluation, the Wilson government entered into a period of austerity and deflation with increased taxes and currency restrictions that reduced standards of living and further ...
More
Following the pound's devaluation, the Wilson government entered into a period of austerity and deflation with increased taxes and currency restrictions that reduced standards of living and further decreased the Labour Party's popularity at the polls. Military policy consisted of further budget cuts and the proposed withdrawal of British forces in the Middle East and South East Asia. Ethnic violence, class conflict, and the youth revolution were also witnessed in Britain. Nationalist sentiment in Scotland and Wales, racial tensions, and the threat of Northern Island all contributed to the period's turbulence. This, coupled with continued low productivity undermined the government's effort at economic recovery. Industrial relations continued to be chaotic and institutional reform in local government, particularly in civil service, lagged behind. International relations also suffered, with conflicts in the commonwealth zones. Wilson's term ended on a slightly positive note through a balance-of-payments surplus and improvements in education and technology.Less
Following the pound's devaluation, the Wilson government entered into a period of austerity and deflation with increased taxes and currency restrictions that reduced standards of living and further decreased the Labour Party's popularity at the polls. Military policy consisted of further budget cuts and the proposed withdrawal of British forces in the Middle East and South East Asia. Ethnic violence, class conflict, and the youth revolution were also witnessed in Britain. Nationalist sentiment in Scotland and Wales, racial tensions, and the threat of Northern Island all contributed to the period's turbulence. This, coupled with continued low productivity undermined the government's effort at economic recovery. Industrial relations continued to be chaotic and institutional reform in local government, particularly in civil service, lagged behind. International relations also suffered, with conflicts in the commonwealth zones. Wilson's term ended on a slightly positive note through a balance-of-payments surplus and improvements in education and technology.
Andy Sumner
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198792369
- eISBN:
- 9780191834370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198792369.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia, Development, Growth, and Environmental
In this chapter, we consider the ‘miracle’ in its heady heyday of exceptionally fast growth rates and structural transformation from the mid 1980s to the eve of the Asian financial crisis in the mid ...
More
In this chapter, we consider the ‘miracle’ in its heady heyday of exceptionally fast growth rates and structural transformation from the mid 1980s to the eve of the Asian financial crisis in the mid to late 1990s. We argue for a simpler explanation of rapid growth and structural transformation in this period in South East Asia. That is, that changes in international prices—the global oil price shock—induced a crisis. Then a new form of developmentalism evolved which opportunistically took advantage of another change in global prices—national exchange rates vis-à-vis the US dollar and yen, and global versus national interest rate differentials—to trigger, respectively, large inflows of foreign direct investment and finance capital. These inflows were attracted by what the first era of developmentalism had built in infrastructure, financial systems, and human capital, and drove growth and employment until the exchange rate advantage diminished.Less
In this chapter, we consider the ‘miracle’ in its heady heyday of exceptionally fast growth rates and structural transformation from the mid 1980s to the eve of the Asian financial crisis in the mid to late 1990s. We argue for a simpler explanation of rapid growth and structural transformation in this period in South East Asia. That is, that changes in international prices—the global oil price shock—induced a crisis. Then a new form of developmentalism evolved which opportunistically took advantage of another change in global prices—national exchange rates vis-à-vis the US dollar and yen, and global versus national interest rate differentials—to trigger, respectively, large inflows of foreign direct investment and finance capital. These inflows were attracted by what the first era of developmentalism had built in infrastructure, financial systems, and human capital, and drove growth and employment until the exchange rate advantage diminished.
Butcher Andrew and McGrath Terry
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847428301
- eISBN:
- 9781447303503
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428301.003.0013
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This chapter examines the interaction between international education and foreign policy in the context of New Zealand, a small country of 4.2 million people but one which has seen dramatic growth in ...
More
This chapter examines the interaction between international education and foreign policy in the context of New Zealand, a small country of 4.2 million people but one which has seen dramatic growth in international students studying within its shores. It identifies a major growth in students travelling, first from South East Asia but more recently especially from China, Japan, India and Saudi Arabia. It argues that the links between foreign policy and international education are clear to see, even if policy scholars, civil servants and policy makers in the country have yet to realise their significance. It notes that the foreign policy objectives of aid and the defeat of communist interests from South East Asia lay behind the first, limited opening up of New Zealand's borders to international students in 1951 under the Colombo Plan.Less
This chapter examines the interaction between international education and foreign policy in the context of New Zealand, a small country of 4.2 million people but one which has seen dramatic growth in international students studying within its shores. It identifies a major growth in students travelling, first from South East Asia but more recently especially from China, Japan, India and Saudi Arabia. It argues that the links between foreign policy and international education are clear to see, even if policy scholars, civil servants and policy makers in the country have yet to realise their significance. It notes that the foreign policy objectives of aid and the defeat of communist interests from South East Asia lay behind the first, limited opening up of New Zealand's borders to international students in 1951 under the Colombo Plan.
Andy Sumner
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198792369
- eISBN:
- 9780191834370
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198792369.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Since the Second World War, surprisingly few developing countries have experienced a truly sustained episode of economic and social convergence towards the structural characteristics of the advanced ...
More
Since the Second World War, surprisingly few developing countries have experienced a truly sustained episode of economic and social convergence towards the structural characteristics of the advanced nations. The region of the world that has gone the furthest in that convergence is East Asia. Much has been written on comparative industrialization and development in North East Asia but relatively less on South East Asia. This book focuses on the latter and, more specifically on Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. These three nations have all undergone a major transformation—in a way never anticipated—from being poor, agrarian countries to middle-income countries that have developed an industrial and manufacturing base. The ‘puzzle’ that flows from that achievement is as follows: how did MIT achieve such a transformation, and how did they achieve the transformation with a form of economic growth that was driven by structural transformation, but that was also ‘inclusive’? Given that historically it has been thought that structural transformation tends to push up inequality, whilst inclusive growth necessitates static or even falling inequality, this last point is particularly salient to developing countries. Understanding how the transformation was possible in a relatively short space of time, the extent to which it was inclusive, and the caveats and prospects for South East Asia is thus an area of enquiry significant to all developing countries as they seek economic and social transformation.Less
Since the Second World War, surprisingly few developing countries have experienced a truly sustained episode of economic and social convergence towards the structural characteristics of the advanced nations. The region of the world that has gone the furthest in that convergence is East Asia. Much has been written on comparative industrialization and development in North East Asia but relatively less on South East Asia. This book focuses on the latter and, more specifically on Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. These three nations have all undergone a major transformation—in a way never anticipated—from being poor, agrarian countries to middle-income countries that have developed an industrial and manufacturing base. The ‘puzzle’ that flows from that achievement is as follows: how did MIT achieve such a transformation, and how did they achieve the transformation with a form of economic growth that was driven by structural transformation, but that was also ‘inclusive’? Given that historically it has been thought that structural transformation tends to push up inequality, whilst inclusive growth necessitates static or even falling inequality, this last point is particularly salient to developing countries. Understanding how the transformation was possible in a relatively short space of time, the extent to which it was inclusive, and the caveats and prospects for South East Asia is thus an area of enquiry significant to all developing countries as they seek economic and social transformation.
Andy Sumner
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198792369
- eISBN:
- 9780191834370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198792369.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This introductory chapter sets out the rationale for the book, the existing literature, the intended contribution of the book, the methodology, and analytical approach taken in the book and the ...
More
This introductory chapter sets out the rationale for the book, the existing literature, the intended contribution of the book, the methodology, and analytical approach taken in the book and the structure of the book. The chapter introduces the ‘developer’s dilemma’ at the core of the book. Specifically, how are developing countries to address the tension between economic development and structural change, putting upward pressure on income inequality and the need for inclusive growth to provide social stability to capital accumulation, which requires steady or even falling income inequality to spread the benefits of economic growth more broadly. It is argued that South East Asia is a region of interest for understanding the developer’s dilemma as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand achieved structural change with more or less steady inequality up to a point.Less
This introductory chapter sets out the rationale for the book, the existing literature, the intended contribution of the book, the methodology, and analytical approach taken in the book and the structure of the book. The chapter introduces the ‘developer’s dilemma’ at the core of the book. Specifically, how are developing countries to address the tension between economic development and structural change, putting upward pressure on income inequality and the need for inclusive growth to provide social stability to capital accumulation, which requires steady or even falling income inequality to spread the benefits of economic growth more broadly. It is argued that South East Asia is a region of interest for understanding the developer’s dilemma as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand achieved structural change with more or less steady inequality up to a point.
Lye Lin Heng
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199253784
- eISBN:
- 9780191698163
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253784.003.0018
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter uses the term ‘public participation’ in an examination of the role of non-governmental organisations in the context of environmental issues. It begins with an examination into public ...
More
This chapter uses the term ‘public participation’ in an examination of the role of non-governmental organisations in the context of environmental issues. It begins with an examination into public participation in two ASEAN states, Thailand and Malaysia. In particular, it draws on the examples of dam development in both countries, so as to provide a basis for comparison. It then takes a brief look at the state of public participation in the remaining states in ASEAN. It shows that the nature and extent of public participation in South-East Asia vary considerably. While it may be ingrained in the culture of the Philippines, and has received constitutional affirmation in Thailand and Indonesia, it is almost non-existent in the newly emergent states of Laos and Cambodia. In the case of Thailand and Malaysia, the role of the public is not clearly defined.Less
This chapter uses the term ‘public participation’ in an examination of the role of non-governmental organisations in the context of environmental issues. It begins with an examination into public participation in two ASEAN states, Thailand and Malaysia. In particular, it draws on the examples of dam development in both countries, so as to provide a basis for comparison. It then takes a brief look at the state of public participation in the remaining states in ASEAN. It shows that the nature and extent of public participation in South-East Asia vary considerably. While it may be ingrained in the culture of the Philippines, and has received constitutional affirmation in Thailand and Indonesia, it is almost non-existent in the newly emergent states of Laos and Cambodia. In the case of Thailand and Malaysia, the role of the public is not clearly defined.
James Woodward
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199732548
- eISBN:
- 9780199866359
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732548.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Pedagogy
This chapter gives an overview of how historical linguists classify languages into families. While the comparative method and internal reconstruction are preferable when abundant data are available, ...
More
This chapter gives an overview of how historical linguists classify languages into families. While the comparative method and internal reconstruction are preferable when abundant data are available, the limited data on sign languages indicate that lexicostatistics is the most useful method. This method is made reliable by using the Swadesh word list revised appropriately for sign languages. Languages can have multiple ancestors, that is, languages that have contributed significantly to the daughters (thus creolization is included). The history of sign languages must be studied, not assumed, in order to be understood. An examination of families of signs in Southeast Asia and Central America alerts us to the endangered status of indigenous sign languages, often at the hand of ASL.Less
This chapter gives an overview of how historical linguists classify languages into families. While the comparative method and internal reconstruction are preferable when abundant data are available, the limited data on sign languages indicate that lexicostatistics is the most useful method. This method is made reliable by using the Swadesh word list revised appropriately for sign languages. Languages can have multiple ancestors, that is, languages that have contributed significantly to the daughters (thus creolization is included). The history of sign languages must be studied, not assumed, in order to be understood. An examination of families of signs in Southeast Asia and Central America alerts us to the endangered status of indigenous sign languages, often at the hand of ASL.
Cecilia Flores Oebanda
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847426109
- eISBN:
- 9781447301714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847426109.003.0019
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter discusses child slavery in South Asia and South East Asia, focusing on the Philippines. It examines structural factors driving the existence of child slavery, and shows that child ...
More
This chapter discusses child slavery in South Asia and South East Asia, focusing on the Philippines. It examines structural factors driving the existence of child slavery, and shows that child slavery is facilitated not by a lack of legislation – laws banning child labour do exist in the Philippines, for example – but by weak political will and, in many instances, poor governance or ineffectual implementation by those charged with acting on anti-slavery laws and policies. The chapter notes that internal migration and migration to other countries – the Philippines being a prominent exporter of labour – are of such a scale that child labour is seen as an almost ‘normal’ process; with agents willing to manipulate, deceive, and coerce young people, tens of thousands find themselves in situations of debt bondage or being sexually exploited (or both). It looks at the initiatives of the Visayan Forum Foundation to fight for the rights of child domestic workers in the Philippines.Less
This chapter discusses child slavery in South Asia and South East Asia, focusing on the Philippines. It examines structural factors driving the existence of child slavery, and shows that child slavery is facilitated not by a lack of legislation – laws banning child labour do exist in the Philippines, for example – but by weak political will and, in many instances, poor governance or ineffectual implementation by those charged with acting on anti-slavery laws and policies. The chapter notes that internal migration and migration to other countries – the Philippines being a prominent exporter of labour – are of such a scale that child labour is seen as an almost ‘normal’ process; with agents willing to manipulate, deceive, and coerce young people, tens of thousands find themselves in situations of debt bondage or being sexually exploited (or both). It looks at the initiatives of the Visayan Forum Foundation to fight for the rights of child domestic workers in the Philippines.
Andy Sumner
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198792369
- eISBN:
- 9780191834370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198792369.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia, Development, Growth, and Environmental
In this chapter, we discuss the third wave of developmentalism in South East Asia, which was a post-Lewis transition or even a ‘premature’ deindustrialization. There was a divergence across Malaysia, ...
More
In this chapter, we discuss the third wave of developmentalism in South East Asia, which was a post-Lewis transition or even a ‘premature’ deindustrialization. There was a divergence across Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand in terms of managing Kuznetsian forces. The period begins with the crisis of the second wave of structural transformation and capital accumulation in the late 1990s. We identify the next incarnation of developmentalism in a nascent, new developmentalism and the ascendancy of Polanyi’s regulator or handmaiden, in the form of state intervention in the economy and a less liberal approach to international capital. The period has also been one of emerging democratic and popular political forces.Less
In this chapter, we discuss the third wave of developmentalism in South East Asia, which was a post-Lewis transition or even a ‘premature’ deindustrialization. There was a divergence across Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand in terms of managing Kuznetsian forces. The period begins with the crisis of the second wave of structural transformation and capital accumulation in the late 1990s. We identify the next incarnation of developmentalism in a nascent, new developmentalism and the ascendancy of Polanyi’s regulator or handmaiden, in the form of state intervention in the economy and a less liberal approach to international capital. The period has also been one of emerging democratic and popular political forces.
