Alfonso Moreno
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199228409
- eISBN:
- 9780191711312
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199228409.003.0006
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
The Conclusion argues that the origins of Athenian dependence on imported grain date to the reforms of Solon in the early sixth century. It was at this time that Athens discovered or adapted the ...
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The Conclusion argues that the origins of Athenian dependence on imported grain date to the reforms of Solon in the early sixth century. It was at this time that Athens discovered or adapted the cleruchy as a social and economic tool, that the Athenian elite became involved in leading the city's first imperialist adventures overseas, and that Attica began to specialize in the intensive cultivation of cash‐crops. The Athenian democracy led to the intensification of all of these trends, and to the creation of an ideological system, deployed in rhetoric, to mask the serious incongruities between popular and elite interests. A need for imported grain drove Athens at different times to depopulate neighboring Aegean landscapes in order to extract grain surpluses, or to enlist the help of foreign kings, acting as Athenian citizens and benefactors. A supply system of such ruthlessness, sophistication, and ambivalence lay at the heart of Athenian democracy.Less
The Conclusion argues that the origins of Athenian dependence on imported grain date to the reforms of Solon in the early sixth century. It was at this time that Athens discovered or adapted the cleruchy as a social and economic tool, that the Athenian elite became involved in leading the city's first imperialist adventures overseas, and that Attica began to specialize in the intensive cultivation of cash‐crops. The Athenian democracy led to the intensification of all of these trends, and to the creation of an ideological system, deployed in rhetoric, to mask the serious incongruities between popular and elite interests. A need for imported grain drove Athens at different times to depopulate neighboring Aegean landscapes in order to extract grain surpluses, or to enlist the help of foreign kings, acting as Athenian citizens and benefactors. A supply system of such ruthlessness, sophistication, and ambivalence lay at the heart of Athenian democracy.
Fred Feldman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199571178
- eISBN:
- 9780191722547
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571178.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
Chapter 2 contained criticism of sensory hedonism. Chapter 6 contains a defense of attitudinal hedonism about happiness. According to this theory, the atoms of happiness are episodes in which a ...
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Chapter 2 contained criticism of sensory hedonism. Chapter 6 contains a defense of attitudinal hedonism about happiness. According to this theory, the atoms of happiness are episodes in which a person takes attitudinal pleasure in some state of affairs. Principles about attitudinal pleasure are presented, emphasizing how it differs from sensory pleasure. Attitudinal Hedonism about Happiness is explained and defended. Many writers seem to assume that ‘happy’ in ordinary English is multiply ambiguous. In Appendix C some typical claims of ambiguity are reviewed. In fact, there is not much evidence to support the claim that ‘happy’ is ambiguous. It appears that in its central uses in ordinary English, ‘happy’ is vague, but fundamentally univocal. To say that a person is happy means—roughly—that he takes on balance more attitudinal pleasure than displeasure in things.Less
Chapter 2 contained criticism of sensory hedonism. Chapter 6 contains a defense of attitudinal hedonism about happiness. According to this theory, the atoms of happiness are episodes in which a person takes attitudinal pleasure in some state of affairs. Principles about attitudinal pleasure are presented, emphasizing how it differs from sensory pleasure. Attitudinal Hedonism about Happiness is explained and defended. Many writers seem to assume that ‘happy’ in ordinary English is multiply ambiguous. In Appendix C some typical claims of ambiguity are reviewed. In fact, there is not much evidence to support the claim that ‘happy’ is ambiguous. It appears that in its central uses in ordinary English, ‘happy’ is vague, but fundamentally univocal. To say that a person is happy means—roughly—that he takes on balance more attitudinal pleasure than displeasure in things.
DE STE CROIX
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199255177
- eISBN:
- 9780191719844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199255177.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This essay begins with a discussion of the introduction of majority voting at Athens. It then attempts to prove that Solon's Nomothesia must be dated in the same year as his archonship. The eupatrid ...
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This essay begins with a discussion of the introduction of majority voting at Athens. It then attempts to prove that Solon's Nomothesia must be dated in the same year as his archonship. The eupatrid monopoly of the machinery of state, the Solonian Council of Four Hundred, and ‘sortition from pre-selected candidates’ are discussed.Less
This essay begins with a discussion of the introduction of majority voting at Athens. It then attempts to prove that Solon's Nomothesia must be dated in the same year as his archonship. The eupatrid monopoly of the machinery of state, the Solonian Council of Four Hundred, and ‘sortition from pre-selected candidates’ are discussed.
DE STE CROIX
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199255177
- eISBN:
- 9780191719844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199255177.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
By 1962, Antony Andrewes had developed a new theory of the famous Seisachtheia or ‘shaking off of burdens’ of Solon: according to Andrewes, what Aristotle saw as a cancellation of debts was the ...
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By 1962, Antony Andrewes had developed a new theory of the famous Seisachtheia or ‘shaking off of burdens’ of Solon: according to Andrewes, what Aristotle saw as a cancellation of debts was the abolition of a traditional and long-standing state of dependency, that of the Hektemoroi or ‘sixth-part payers’. In 1962, Ste. Croix was invited by Andrewes to comment on a preliminary draft and he sent a long letter in reply; in 1968 Andrewes again consulted Ste. Croix and received a further long response. Edited extracts from the 1962 letter, followed by that of 1968 are presented.Less
By 1962, Antony Andrewes had developed a new theory of the famous Seisachtheia or ‘shaking off of burdens’ of Solon: according to Andrewes, what Aristotle saw as a cancellation of debts was the abolition of a traditional and long-standing state of dependency, that of the Hektemoroi or ‘sixth-part payers’. In 1962, Ste. Croix was invited by Andrewes to comment on a preliminary draft and he sent a long letter in reply; in 1968 Andrewes again consulted Ste. Croix and received a further long response. Edited extracts from the 1962 letter, followed by that of 1968 are presented.
Kurt Raaflaub
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520245624
- eISBN:
- 9780520932173
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520245624.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This book presents a state-of-the-art debate about the origins of Athenian democracy by five scholars. The result is a critical exploration and interpretation of the extant evidence on this topic. ...
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This book presents a state-of-the-art debate about the origins of Athenian democracy by five scholars. The result is a critical exploration and interpretation of the extant evidence on this topic. The authors address such questions as: Why was democracy first realized in ancient Greece? Was it “invented” or did it evolve over a long period of time? What were the conditions for democracy, the social and political foundations that made this development possible? And what factors turned its possibility into necessity and reality? The authors first examine the conditions in early Greek society that encouraged equality and “people's power.” They then scrutinize, in their social and political contexts, three crucial points in the evolution of democracy, specifically the reforms connected with the names of Solon, Cleisthenes, and Ephialtes in the early and late sixth and mid-fifth centuries. Finally, an ancient historian and a political scientist review the arguments presented in the previous chapters and add their own perspectives, asking what lessons we can draw today from the ancient democratic experience. The book intends to provoke discussion, by presenting side by side the evidence and arguments that support various explanations of the origins of democracy, thus enabling readers to join in the debate and draw their own conclusions.Less
This book presents a state-of-the-art debate about the origins of Athenian democracy by five scholars. The result is a critical exploration and interpretation of the extant evidence on this topic. The authors address such questions as: Why was democracy first realized in ancient Greece? Was it “invented” or did it evolve over a long period of time? What were the conditions for democracy, the social and political foundations that made this development possible? And what factors turned its possibility into necessity and reality? The authors first examine the conditions in early Greek society that encouraged equality and “people's power.” They then scrutinize, in their social and political contexts, three crucial points in the evolution of democracy, specifically the reforms connected with the names of Solon, Cleisthenes, and Ephialtes in the early and late sixth and mid-fifth centuries. Finally, an ancient historian and a political scientist review the arguments presented in the previous chapters and add their own perspectives, asking what lessons we can draw today from the ancient democratic experience. The book intends to provoke discussion, by presenting side by side the evidence and arguments that support various explanations of the origins of democracy, thus enabling readers to join in the debate and draw their own conclusions.
Dimitris Vardoulakis
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780823277391
- eISBN:
- 9780823280636
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823277391.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
If the justification of violence is the main characteristic of sovereignty, then how can sovereignty be analyzed? I argue that judgments about the justification of violence are characteristic of ...
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If the justification of violence is the main characteristic of sovereignty, then how can sovereignty be analyzed? I argue that judgments about the justification of violence are characteristic of democratic practice.Less
If the justification of violence is the main characteristic of sovereignty, then how can sovereignty be analyzed? I argue that judgments about the justification of violence are characteristic of democratic practice.
DAVID FEARN
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199215508
- eISBN:
- 9780191707018
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199215508.003.0006
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Poetry and Poets: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter argues that Bacchylides 15, which narrates part of the embassy of Menelaos and Odysseus to Troy, discusses matters of fundamental concern to the city of Athens through a twin engagement: ...
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This chapter argues that Bacchylides 15, which narrates part of the embassy of Menelaos and Odysseus to Troy, discusses matters of fundamental concern to the city of Athens through a twin engagement: through performance, with the cult of Athena; textually, with Homer and Solon, both poets regarded as Athenian cultural treasures at the time of Bacchylides' composition. Performative and textual engagements, taken together, opens the way for a more excursive exploration of issues relating to Athenian cult and performance culture, and the issue of the security of poleis that the poem addresses, by way of the implicit parallel drawn between Athens and Troy, the site of the poem's narrative.Less
This chapter argues that Bacchylides 15, which narrates part of the embassy of Menelaos and Odysseus to Troy, discusses matters of fundamental concern to the city of Athens through a twin engagement: through performance, with the cult of Athena; textually, with Homer and Solon, both poets regarded as Athenian cultural treasures at the time of Bacchylides' composition. Performative and textual engagements, taken together, opens the way for a more excursive exploration of issues relating to Athenian cult and performance culture, and the issue of the security of poleis that the poem addresses, by way of the implicit parallel drawn between Athens and Troy, the site of the poem's narrative.
Thomas Harrison
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253555
- eISBN:
- 9780191715112
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253555.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter argues that the Histories are founded on the principle of the instability of human fortune. Herodotus' words echo closely those of Solon to Croesus and of Amasis to Polycrates; the same ...
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This chapter argues that the Histories are founded on the principle of the instability of human fortune. Herodotus' words echo closely those of Solon to Croesus and of Amasis to Polycrates; the same themes are picked up in the very last chapter of the Histories (9. 122). It has been suggested the even Herodotus saw his own role as enquirer and narrator as analogous to that of the travelling sage Solon. At any rate, the Histories are deeply marked by Solonian ideas. Every reversal in the Histories, every demonstration of the rule of the mutability of fortune is also an illustration of the force of the divine to disturb human affairs.Less
This chapter argues that the Histories are founded on the principle of the instability of human fortune. Herodotus' words echo closely those of Solon to Croesus and of Amasis to Polycrates; the same themes are picked up in the very last chapter of the Histories (9. 122). It has been suggested the even Herodotus saw his own role as enquirer and narrator as analogous to that of the travelling sage Solon. At any rate, the Histories are deeply marked by Solonian ideas. Every reversal in the Histories, every demonstration of the rule of the mutability of fortune is also an illustration of the force of the divine to disturb human affairs.
Jeffrey Beneker
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199695904
- eISBN:
- 9780191741319
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695904.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This introductory chapter establishes the premise of the book with a brief example from the Solon. In the introduction to this biography, Plutarch explains that Solon, the Athenian lawgiver and ...
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This introductory chapter establishes the premise of the book with a brief example from the Solon. In the introduction to this biography, Plutarch explains that Solon, the Athenian lawgiver and democrat, had a younger cousin, Pisistratus, who later as tyrant of Athens would undo many of Solon's reforms. He also mentions that Solon had been erotically attracted to Pisistratus when his cousin was a young man, and that later, when Pisistratus was ruling and Solon was politically at odds with him, the ‘erotic memory’ created goodwill between them. It argues that Plutarch has employed erōs as a device for interpreting history by attributing the reconciliation of democrat and tyrant to their erotic affair.Less
This introductory chapter establishes the premise of the book with a brief example from the Solon. In the introduction to this biography, Plutarch explains that Solon, the Athenian lawgiver and democrat, had a younger cousin, Pisistratus, who later as tyrant of Athens would undo many of Solon's reforms. He also mentions that Solon had been erotically attracted to Pisistratus when his cousin was a young man, and that later, when Pisistratus was ruling and Solon was politically at odds with him, the ‘erotic memory’ created goodwill between them. It argues that Plutarch has employed erōs as a device for interpreting history by attributing the reconciliation of democrat and tyrant to their erotic affair.
THOMAS K. HUBBARD
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520223813
- eISBN:
- 9780520936508
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520223813.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
The homoerotic themes abound in Greek lyric poetry reflect an aristocratic culture in which homosexual relations were at home in the symposium, athletics, and even civic/religious ritual. The ...
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The homoerotic themes abound in Greek lyric poetry reflect an aristocratic culture in which homosexual relations were at home in the symposium, athletics, and even civic/religious ritual. The earliest surviving lyric poetry is by Archilochus. Archaic Greek lyric generally describes age-differential pederastic relations, although there is some evidence for relations or attractions among age-equal youths in Alcman, Theognis, and Pindar. Only one text seems unequivocally to describe attraction to a slave, but Anacreon's Cleobulus or Ibycus' Euryalus could also very well be slaves. Fragments from the poems by Archilochus, Alcman, Sappho, Solon, Anacreon, Ibycus, Theognis, Simonides, and Pindar are presented.Less
The homoerotic themes abound in Greek lyric poetry reflect an aristocratic culture in which homosexual relations were at home in the symposium, athletics, and even civic/religious ritual. The earliest surviving lyric poetry is by Archilochus. Archaic Greek lyric generally describes age-differential pederastic relations, although there is some evidence for relations or attractions among age-equal youths in Alcman, Theognis, and Pindar. Only one text seems unequivocally to describe attraction to a slave, but Anacreon's Cleobulus or Ibycus' Euryalus could also very well be slaves. Fragments from the poems by Archilochus, Alcman, Sappho, Solon, Anacreon, Ibycus, Theognis, Simonides, and Pindar are presented.
Robert W. Wallace
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520245624
- eISBN:
- 9780520932173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520245624.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter discusses the history of political and legal reform, mass revolution, and the reports of various people's governments in Greece during the archaic period. Its larger focus on Athens is ...
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This chapter discusses the history of political and legal reform, mass revolution, and the reports of various people's governments in Greece during the archaic period. Its larger focus on Athens is influenced by the state of their evidence, meager in any case but more extensive for that city, and by Athens' importance in the history of democracy. Economic problems drove some dependent farmers to breaking point. Some were sold abroad into slavery. Solon's reforms also make clear that many non-Eupatrids were prospering, both at the highest economic levels and among “middling” residents of Attica. Greeks typically linked greater political status with greater wealth. It was difficult for prosperous non-Eupatrids to achieve such status under the oligarchy. The Eupatrids' oppressive domination extended well beyond economic injustice. In the same breath, Solon mentions their “love of money” and their “arrogance.”Less
This chapter discusses the history of political and legal reform, mass revolution, and the reports of various people's governments in Greece during the archaic period. Its larger focus on Athens is influenced by the state of their evidence, meager in any case but more extensive for that city, and by Athens' importance in the history of democracy. Economic problems drove some dependent farmers to breaking point. Some were sold abroad into slavery. Solon's reforms also make clear that many non-Eupatrids were prospering, both at the highest economic levels and among “middling” residents of Attica. Greeks typically linked greater political status with greater wealth. It was difficult for prosperous non-Eupatrids to achieve such status under the oligarchy. The Eupatrids' oppressive domination extended well beyond economic injustice. In the same breath, Solon mentions their “love of money” and their “arrogance.”
Loren J. Samons II
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520236608
- eISBN:
- 9780520940901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520236608.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter discusses the basic structure of Athenian government. It also describes how it resembled the governments of other Greek city-states, and reviews the intricate relationship between ...
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This chapter discusses the basic structure of Athenian government. It also describes how it resembled the governments of other Greek city-states, and reviews the intricate relationship between “society” and “government” in ancient Athens. It first introduces a conservative reconstruction of Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. Not long after the period of Solon's reforms, Athens fell under the control of the tyrant Peisistratus and his sons. The important trends that began under Peisistratus are reported. In addition, Athenian history in the classical period is elaborated upon. The Lamian War (323–322) ended in Athenian failure. In 322, classical Athenian democracy and independent Athenian government both ended.Less
This chapter discusses the basic structure of Athenian government. It also describes how it resembled the governments of other Greek city-states, and reviews the intricate relationship between “society” and “government” in ancient Athens. It first introduces a conservative reconstruction of Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. Not long after the period of Solon's reforms, Athens fell under the control of the tyrant Peisistratus and his sons. The important trends that began under Peisistratus are reported. In addition, Athenian history in the classical period is elaborated upon. The Lamian War (323–322) ended in Athenian failure. In 322, classical Athenian democracy and independent Athenian government both ended.
P.J. Rhodes
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781904675679
- eISBN:
- 9781781380581
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781904675679.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter examines the wide range of contexts in which oaths were used in the political life of Athens and other states, and also of leagues and alliances, in ancient Greece. It focuses on oaths ...
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This chapter examines the wide range of contexts in which oaths were used in the political life of Athens and other states, and also of leagues and alliances, in ancient Greece. It focuses on oaths sworn by jurors, litigants, and witnesses, and considers the use of oaths in leagues such as the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League. The chapter also discusses three different ways in which oaths were used at critical points in Athens to secure acceptance of Solon's laws as well as ensure commitment to democracy and reconciliation.Less
This chapter examines the wide range of contexts in which oaths were used in the political life of Athens and other states, and also of leagues and alliances, in ancient Greece. It focuses on oaths sworn by jurors, litigants, and witnesses, and considers the use of oaths in leagues such as the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League. The chapter also discusses three different ways in which oaths were used at critical points in Athens to secure acceptance of Solon's laws as well as ensure commitment to democracy and reconciliation.
Antonio Aloni
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199689743
- eISBN:
- 9780191769436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199689743.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval, Poetry and Poets: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This paper concerns the problem of the authorship of Solon’s transmitted poems. Within an oral tradition many elegies and iambus circulated under the ‘authorial’ and authoritative name of Solon in ...
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This paper concerns the problem of the authorship of Solon’s transmitted poems. Within an oral tradition many elegies and iambus circulated under the ‘authorial’ and authoritative name of Solon in Attic symposia until the emergence of a definitive writing redaction. We argue that the first transcription of Solon’s poems was made by aristocratic circles in the first half of the fifth century and we offer some hypotheses also about the redactor of a Solonian syllogê which was the base text for the circulation of Solon’s work until the Hellenistic period.Less
This paper concerns the problem of the authorship of Solon’s transmitted poems. Within an oral tradition many elegies and iambus circulated under the ‘authorial’ and authoritative name of Solon in Attic symposia until the emergence of a definitive writing redaction. We argue that the first transcription of Solon’s poems was made by aristocratic circles in the first half of the fifth century and we offer some hypotheses also about the redactor of a Solonian syllogê which was the base text for the circulation of Solon’s work until the Hellenistic period.
Holly Folk
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469632797
- eISBN:
- 9781469632810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469632797.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
Chapter four continues tracing the institutional growth of chiropractic, with special consideration to the role of ideas and theories in building the profession. This chapter considers the years ...
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Chapter four continues tracing the institutional growth of chiropractic, with special consideration to the role of ideas and theories in building the profession. This chapter considers the years between 1903 and 1910, when D. D. and B. J. Palmer tried unsuccessfully to share power at the Palmer School of Chiropractic. As the number of practitioners grew, the Palmers benefitted from professional collaborations and also faced competition from past-colleagues who became rivals. One of the first and most bitter disputes was with Solon Langworthy and his associates at the American School of Chiropractic and Nature Cure. In their publication Backbone, the American School chiropractors credited themselves with the discovery of major aspects of chiropractic theory, including the concept of spinal subluxations that today are widely understood to cause pain and bodily illness. Although short-lived, the American School marked the beginning of a debate between “Straights” and “Mixers” about whether to allow chiropractors to incorporate other therapies.Less
Chapter four continues tracing the institutional growth of chiropractic, with special consideration to the role of ideas and theories in building the profession. This chapter considers the years between 1903 and 1910, when D. D. and B. J. Palmer tried unsuccessfully to share power at the Palmer School of Chiropractic. As the number of practitioners grew, the Palmers benefitted from professional collaborations and also faced competition from past-colleagues who became rivals. One of the first and most bitter disputes was with Solon Langworthy and his associates at the American School of Chiropractic and Nature Cure. In their publication Backbone, the American School chiropractors credited themselves with the discovery of major aspects of chiropractic theory, including the concept of spinal subluxations that today are widely understood to cause pain and bodily illness. Although short-lived, the American School marked the beginning of a debate between “Straights” and “Mixers” about whether to allow chiropractors to incorporate other therapies.
Dimitris Vardoulakis
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780823251353
- eISBN:
- 9780823252893
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823251353.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
Chapter two argues that the main characteristic of ancient sovereignty is that the end of power justices the means of the exercise of violence. This is examined in a wide range of texts from Ancient ...
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Chapter two argues that the main characteristic of ancient sovereignty is that the end of power justices the means of the exercise of violence. This is examined in a wide range of texts from Ancient Greece to the early Christendom. It also outlines how the other of sovereignty, democracy, relies on a notion of participation that is opposed to the justification of the means by the ends of power.Less
Chapter two argues that the main characteristic of ancient sovereignty is that the end of power justices the means of the exercise of violence. This is examined in a wide range of texts from Ancient Greece to the early Christendom. It also outlines how the other of sovereignty, democracy, relies on a notion of participation that is opposed to the justification of the means by the ends of power.
S. C. Humphreys
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198788249
- eISBN:
- 9780191830204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198788249.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter examines the place of kinship in the law of Drakon on homicide and in Solon’s laws, examples of legislation as a response to crisis situations. The implications of Solon’s measures to ...
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This chapter examines the place of kinship in the law of Drakon on homicide and in Solon’s laws, examples of legislation as a response to crisis situations. The implications of Solon’s measures to regulate class relations are explored in detail, especially the removal of the horoi and subsequent impact on the hektemoroi, as well as laws governing the oikos.Less
This chapter examines the place of kinship in the law of Drakon on homicide and in Solon’s laws, examples of legislation as a response to crisis situations. The implications of Solon’s measures to regulate class relations are explored in detail, especially the removal of the horoi and subsequent impact on the hektemoroi, as well as laws governing the oikos.
Timothy Power
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- June 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780195386844
- eISBN:
- 9780199983414
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195386844.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, World History: BCE to 500CE, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter on archaic and classical Greek music finds the political dimensions of musical expression to be paramount. Music, according to Power, presents a synesthetic form of communication—verse, ...
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This chapter on archaic and classical Greek music finds the political dimensions of musical expression to be paramount. Music, according to Power, presents a synesthetic form of communication—verse, instruments, often dance and, in Athenian drama, prose dialogue—of unrivalled modal complexity that reinforced the popular impact of this art form. Solon and other politicians used music, while Pindar and other poets introduced political motifs into performances of their works. In Power’s view, the generally accepted notion that early Greece was a “song culture”—differing in this respect from ancient Mesopotamia with its scribal culture, or from imperial Rome with its predilection for monuments and public spaces—should not lead to overemphasizing private life and personal communication as opposed to the political forms of expression developed by Solon, Pindar, and others.Less
This chapter on archaic and classical Greek music finds the political dimensions of musical expression to be paramount. Music, according to Power, presents a synesthetic form of communication—verse, instruments, often dance and, in Athenian drama, prose dialogue—of unrivalled modal complexity that reinforced the popular impact of this art form. Solon and other politicians used music, while Pindar and other poets introduced political motifs into performances of their works. In Power’s view, the generally accepted notion that early Greece was a “song culture”—differing in this respect from ancient Mesopotamia with its scribal culture, or from imperial Rome with its predilection for monuments and public spaces—should not lead to overemphasizing private life and personal communication as opposed to the political forms of expression developed by Solon, Pindar, and others.
Stephen Scully
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190253967
- eISBN:
- 9780190253981
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190253967.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This lengthy chapter examines the reception of the Theogony from c.600 BCE to the end of the Classical period. Points of discussion include: What separates Hesiod and Homer from other epic poets? ...
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This lengthy chapter examines the reception of the Theogony from c.600 BCE to the end of the Classical period. Points of discussion include: What separates Hesiod and Homer from other epic poets? When did Hesiod’s poetry acquire a “fixed” form? Contrasting views of justice: one describing a harmonious, stable and permanent social order achievable only on Olympus or in the polis, the other describing a nature in perpetual flux and discord. Special attention is given to the long Homeric Hymns, Solon, the Presocratics, Pindar, the Oresteia, the comic poets, and Plato.Less
This lengthy chapter examines the reception of the Theogony from c.600 BCE to the end of the Classical period. Points of discussion include: What separates Hesiod and Homer from other epic poets? When did Hesiod’s poetry acquire a “fixed” form? Contrasting views of justice: one describing a harmonious, stable and permanent social order achievable only on Olympus or in the polis, the other describing a nature in perpetual flux and discord. Special attention is given to the long Homeric Hymns, Solon, the Presocratics, Pindar, the Oresteia, the comic poets, and Plato.
S. C. Humphreys
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198788249
- eISBN:
- 9780191830204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198788249.003.0021
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
Genos in this chapter is used in a technical sense that did not become common in Attika until the fourth century BCE: to denote a named corporate group owning rights to office. Discussion covers the ...
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Genos in this chapter is used in a technical sense that did not become common in Attika until the fourth century BCE: to denote a named corporate group owning rights to office. Discussion covers the early evidence for genê, Solon and the archonship, Eleusis, the Dipolieia, Eupatridai, and the Lykomidai, as well as the age of the tyrants, parasites, the Salaminioi, the Lykourgan period, the Hellenistic revival, and the Pythais.Less
Genos in this chapter is used in a technical sense that did not become common in Attika until the fourth century BCE: to denote a named corporate group owning rights to office. Discussion covers the early evidence for genê, Solon and the archonship, Eleusis, the Dipolieia, Eupatridai, and the Lykomidai, as well as the age of the tyrants, parasites, the Salaminioi, the Lykourgan period, the Hellenistic revival, and the Pythais.
