Karen Corrigan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748634286
- eISBN:
- 9780748671441
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748634286.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This book focuses on the sociolinguistic consequences of historical contact between indigenous Irish peoples and newer English and Scottish settlers in what is now the territory of Northern Ireland ...
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This book focuses on the sociolinguistic consequences of historical contact between indigenous Irish peoples and newer English and Scottish settlers in what is now the territory of Northern Ireland (NI). The contact varieties that resulted represent the oldest L2 ‘Englishes’ globally. Moreover, the degree of admixture from English, Irish and Scots in the contemporary dialects of NI reflects various external forces. Naturally, these varieties share certain structural features with sister Celtic Englishes and indeed with other vernacular Englishes globally (partly because of extensive emigration from NI post-1700 and partly due to universal tendencies of various types). However, there are other linguistic traits that seem to be unique and therefore essentially local. Irish English, Volume 1: Northern Ireland aims to provide insights into the evolution of language in 21st century NI and to promote an understanding of linguistic diversity in this region in the context of World Englishes.Less
This book focuses on the sociolinguistic consequences of historical contact between indigenous Irish peoples and newer English and Scottish settlers in what is now the territory of Northern Ireland (NI). The contact varieties that resulted represent the oldest L2 ‘Englishes’ globally. Moreover, the degree of admixture from English, Irish and Scots in the contemporary dialects of NI reflects various external forces. Naturally, these varieties share certain structural features with sister Celtic Englishes and indeed with other vernacular Englishes globally (partly because of extensive emigration from NI post-1700 and partly due to universal tendencies of various types). However, there are other linguistic traits that seem to be unique and therefore essentially local. Irish English, Volume 1: Northern Ireland aims to provide insights into the evolution of language in 21st century NI and to promote an understanding of linguistic diversity in this region in the context of World Englishes.
Robert McColl Millar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474409087
- eISBN:
- 9781474426787
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474409087.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
Contact discusses the ways in which linguistic contact between closely related varieties differs from contact between fully discrete varieties. Particular focus is given to the development of ...
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Contact discusses the ways in which linguistic contact between closely related varieties differs from contact between fully discrete varieties. Particular focus is given to the development of English. Case studies are taken from recent contact of this type – such as the creation of New Zealand and Australian English. These are then compared with similar contact areas, such as Irish English, Ulster Scots and the Scots dialects of Orkney and Shetland. Finally, the rapid breakdown of inflection in late Old English and early Middle English will be considered as an example of near-relative contact. Throughout, the concept of koine is used as a means by which near-relative contact can be understood. Near-relative contact between varieties perceived to be dialects of the same language and similar contacts between closely related varieties perceived as being discrete languages are postulated to be of highly similar types.Less
Contact discusses the ways in which linguistic contact between closely related varieties differs from contact between fully discrete varieties. Particular focus is given to the development of English. Case studies are taken from recent contact of this type – such as the creation of New Zealand and Australian English. These are then compared with similar contact areas, such as Irish English, Ulster Scots and the Scots dialects of Orkney and Shetland. Finally, the rapid breakdown of inflection in late Old English and early Middle English will be considered as an example of near-relative contact. Throughout, the concept of koine is used as a means by which near-relative contact can be understood. Near-relative contact between varieties perceived to be dialects of the same language and similar contacts between closely related varieties perceived as being discrete languages are postulated to be of highly similar types.
Michele Gazzola and Bengt-Arne Wickström (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262034708
- eISBN:
- 9780262335980
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034708.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
In an era of globalization, issues of language diversity have economic and political implications. Transnational labor mobility, trade, social inclusion of migrants, democracy in multilingual ...
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In an era of globalization, issues of language diversity have economic and political implications. Transnational labor mobility, trade, social inclusion of migrants, democracy in multilingual countries, and companies’ international competitiveness all have a linguistic dimension; yet economists in general do not include language as a variable in their research. This volume demonstrates that the application of rigorous economic theories and research methods to issues of language policy yields valuable insights.
The contributors offer both theoretical and empirical analyses of such topics as the impact of language diversity on economic outcomes, the distributive effects of policy regarding official languages, the individual welfare consequences of bilingualism, and the link between language and national identity. Their research is based on data from countries including Canada, India, Kazakhstan, and Indonesia and from the regions of Central America, Europe, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Theoretical models are explained intuitively for the nonspecialist. The relationships among linguistic variables, inequality, and the economy are approached from different perspectives, including economics, sociolinguistics, and political science. For this reason, the book offers a substantive contribution to interdisciplinary work on languages in society and language policy, proposing a common framework for a shared research area
Contributors: Alisher Aldashev, Katalin Buzási, Ramon Caminal, Alexander M. Danzer, Maxime Leblanc Desgagné, Peter H. Egger, Ainhoa Aparicio Fenoll, Michele Gazzola, Victor Ginsburgh, Gilles Grenier, François Grin, Zoe Kuehn, Andrea Lassmann, Stephen May, Serge Nadeau, Suzanne Romaine, Selma K. Sonntag, Stefan Sperlich, José-Ramón Uriarte, François Vaillancourt, Shlomo Weber, Bengt-Arne Wickström, Lauren ZentzLess
In an era of globalization, issues of language diversity have economic and political implications. Transnational labor mobility, trade, social inclusion of migrants, democracy in multilingual countries, and companies’ international competitiveness all have a linguistic dimension; yet economists in general do not include language as a variable in their research. This volume demonstrates that the application of rigorous economic theories and research methods to issues of language policy yields valuable insights.
The contributors offer both theoretical and empirical analyses of such topics as the impact of language diversity on economic outcomes, the distributive effects of policy regarding official languages, the individual welfare consequences of bilingualism, and the link between language and national identity. Their research is based on data from countries including Canada, India, Kazakhstan, and Indonesia and from the regions of Central America, Europe, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Theoretical models are explained intuitively for the nonspecialist. The relationships among linguistic variables, inequality, and the economy are approached from different perspectives, including economics, sociolinguistics, and political science. For this reason, the book offers a substantive contribution to interdisciplinary work on languages in society and language policy, proposing a common framework for a shared research area
Contributors: Alisher Aldashev, Katalin Buzási, Ramon Caminal, Alexander M. Danzer, Maxime Leblanc Desgagné, Peter H. Egger, Ainhoa Aparicio Fenoll, Michele Gazzola, Victor Ginsburgh, Gilles Grenier, François Grin, Zoe Kuehn, Andrea Lassmann, Stephen May, Serge Nadeau, Suzanne Romaine, Selma K. Sonntag, Stefan Sperlich, José-Ramón Uriarte, François Vaillancourt, Shlomo Weber, Bengt-Arne Wickström, Lauren Zentz
Cécile Van den Avenne
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781789620665
- eISBN:
- 9781789623666
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789620665.003.0030
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
Two strong linguistic ideologies, which could at first seem to be irreconcilable, inform the French language as an ideological notion: French as a universal language, and French as the language of ...
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Two strong linguistic ideologies, which could at first seem to be irreconcilable, inform the French language as an ideological notion: French as a universal language, and French as the language of the nation. Late 19th-century linguistic policy reflects this paradoxical conception as the dissemination of the national language, the medium of the ‘mission civilisatrice’, became the object of political consensus, but locally French was scarcely taught, and its actual presence in the colonies was limited and not aimed at widespread political and cultural assimilation. The overseas exportation of the French language is a legacy of French colonial expansion, but that legacy is shared unequally. Often claimed by African writers as a war booty (‘butin de guerre’, Kateb Yacine), French has become a postcolonial issue and realm of memory.Less
Two strong linguistic ideologies, which could at first seem to be irreconcilable, inform the French language as an ideological notion: French as a universal language, and French as the language of the nation. Late 19th-century linguistic policy reflects this paradoxical conception as the dissemination of the national language, the medium of the ‘mission civilisatrice’, became the object of political consensus, but locally French was scarcely taught, and its actual presence in the colonies was limited and not aimed at widespread political and cultural assimilation. The overseas exportation of the French language is a legacy of French colonial expansion, but that legacy is shared unequally. Often claimed by African writers as a war booty (‘butin de guerre’, Kateb Yacine), French has become a postcolonial issue and realm of memory.
Lara Ryazanova-Clarke (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780748668458
- eISBN:
- 9780748697106
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748668458.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
Taking a broad sociolinguistic perspective, the book explores a comprehensive set of tensions which emerged from the dislocated and deterritorialised position of the Russian language in the ...
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Taking a broad sociolinguistic perspective, the book explores a comprehensive set of tensions which emerged from the dislocated and deterritorialised position of the Russian language in the contemporary world. It examines the contexts within which Russian speakers’ identities are being shaped in various locations across the globe, the shifting attitudes towards the Russian language outside the metropolis, the emerging new varieties of Russian, and the use of the Russian language as soft power in the transnational russophone media. In order to discuss problems posed by the current stage of globalisation of Russian, a number of non-metropolitan spaces are sampled: chapters take the reader to locations which include both the post-Soviet states, namely Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia and Belarus, and the countries of the traditional; West’ - Italy, the US, and Israel.Less
Taking a broad sociolinguistic perspective, the book explores a comprehensive set of tensions which emerged from the dislocated and deterritorialised position of the Russian language in the contemporary world. It examines the contexts within which Russian speakers’ identities are being shaped in various locations across the globe, the shifting attitudes towards the Russian language outside the metropolis, the emerging new varieties of Russian, and the use of the Russian language as soft power in the transnational russophone media. In order to discuss problems posed by the current stage of globalisation of Russian, a number of non-metropolitan spaces are sampled: chapters take the reader to locations which include both the post-Soviet states, namely Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia and Belarus, and the countries of the traditional; West’ - Italy, the US, and Israel.
Robert McColl Millar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474409087
- eISBN:
- 9781474426787
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474409087.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter introduces the reader to a number of concepts central to our understanding of linguistic contact. The problematic nature of some of these concepts in relation to near-relative contact – ...
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This chapter introduces the reader to a number of concepts central to our understanding of linguistic contact. The problematic nature of some of these concepts in relation to near-relative contact – contact between varieties which are at least borderline mutually intelligible – is flagged up as a central issue of the book.Less
This chapter introduces the reader to a number of concepts central to our understanding of linguistic contact. The problematic nature of some of these concepts in relation to near-relative contact – contact between varieties which are at least borderline mutually intelligible – is flagged up as a central issue of the book.
Robert McColl Millar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474409087
- eISBN:
- 9781474426787
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474409087.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
Linguists have often wondered how ‘new’ varieties of a language come into being. This chapter provides a theoretical discussion of recent research on these developments, paying particular attention ...
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Linguists have often wondered how ‘new’ varieties of a language come into being. This chapter provides a theoretical discussion of recent research on these developments, paying particular attention to determinism, the founder principle and swamping. Varieties discussed include New Zealand, Newfoundland, Falkland Islands and Australian English, Glaswegian Scots and Scottish Standard English. The last is of particular interest, since it discusses contact producing a written variety. The concept of koineisation is introduced.Less
Linguists have often wondered how ‘new’ varieties of a language come into being. This chapter provides a theoretical discussion of recent research on these developments, paying particular attention to determinism, the founder principle and swamping. Varieties discussed include New Zealand, Newfoundland, Falkland Islands and Australian English, Glaswegian Scots and Scottish Standard English. The last is of particular interest, since it discusses contact producing a written variety. The concept of koineisation is introduced.
Robert McColl Millar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474409087
- eISBN:
- 9781474426787
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474409087.003.0003
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
Linguists have generally studied new dialect formation in varieties with relatively little time depth. In this chapter greater depth is considered in relation to the development of the Scots dialects ...
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Linguists have generally studied new dialect formation in varieties with relatively little time depth. In this chapter greater depth is considered in relation to the development of the Scots dialects of Orkney and Shetland, Irish English and Ulster Scots. While lengthier periods of contact do make analysis of the original impact more difficult, it is shown that essentially the same processes have been at work in these contexts as was the case in more recent contacts. Given their contact with the native North Germanic variety of the Northern Isles, the Shetland and Orkney examples lead us into the themes of the next two chapters.Less
Linguists have generally studied new dialect formation in varieties with relatively little time depth. In this chapter greater depth is considered in relation to the development of the Scots dialects of Orkney and Shetland, Irish English and Ulster Scots. While lengthier periods of contact do make analysis of the original impact more difficult, it is shown that essentially the same processes have been at work in these contexts as was the case in more recent contacts. Given their contact with the native North Germanic variety of the Northern Isles, the Shetland and Orkney examples lead us into the themes of the next two chapters.
Robert McColl Millar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474409087
- eISBN:
- 9781474426787
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474409087.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
In this chapter the reader is led further into the field of near-relative contact with greater time depth. Insights from the study of creole development are introduced, as is the concept of the ...
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In this chapter the reader is led further into the field of near-relative contact with greater time depth. Insights from the study of creole development are introduced, as is the concept of the creoloid. Greater depth is given to our understanding of koineisation. Varieties discussed include Bonin Islands and Pitcairn/Norfolk Island English, Fiji Hindi, Afrikaans and medieval Scandinavian (in relation to contact with Low German).Less
In this chapter the reader is led further into the field of near-relative contact with greater time depth. Insights from the study of creole development are introduced, as is the concept of the creoloid. Greater depth is given to our understanding of koineisation. Varieties discussed include Bonin Islands and Pitcairn/Norfolk Island English, Fiji Hindi, Afrikaans and medieval Scandinavian (in relation to contact with Low German).
Robert McColl Millar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474409087
- eISBN:
- 9781474426787
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474409087.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
Perhaps the central chapter of Contact, we focus here on the rapid and radical changes English passed through in relation to inflectional morphology (in particular but not exclusively in the noun ...
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Perhaps the central chapter of Contact, we focus here on the rapid and radical changes English passed through in relation to inflectional morphology (in particular but not exclusively in the noun phrase) in the later Old English and early Middle English periods. Comparison is made to other Germanic languages; the concept of drift is introduced. Theories for why these changes occurred and why the changes took place where, when and how they did are considered, with particular focus on earlier contact explanations. Recent proposals that bilingualism with Celtic languages was the primary impetus for the changes are critiqued. It is suggested that, while Celtic influence should not be dismissed, it is contact between Old English and Old Norse in the North of England which acted as catalyst. This contact is seen as a koine whose origin is markedly similar to that postulated for modern new dialects.Less
Perhaps the central chapter of Contact, we focus here on the rapid and radical changes English passed through in relation to inflectional morphology (in particular but not exclusively in the noun phrase) in the later Old English and early Middle English periods. Comparison is made to other Germanic languages; the concept of drift is introduced. Theories for why these changes occurred and why the changes took place where, when and how they did are considered, with particular focus on earlier contact explanations. Recent proposals that bilingualism with Celtic languages was the primary impetus for the changes are critiqued. It is suggested that, while Celtic influence should not be dismissed, it is contact between Old English and Old Norse in the North of England which acted as catalyst. This contact is seen as a koine whose origin is markedly similar to that postulated for modern new dialects.
Robert McColl Millar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474409087
- eISBN:
- 9781474426787
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474409087.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter argues that the distinction previously made by some scholars between the linguistic forces underlying new dialect creation and those underlying contact between closely related varieties ...
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This chapter argues that the distinction previously made by some scholars between the linguistic forces underlying new dialect creation and those underlying contact between closely related varieties often considered to be discrete is probably misinformed. The changes involved in the contacts fuelling differentiation are, if not the same, essentially of the same type. Koineisation lies as the heart of both.Less
This chapter argues that the distinction previously made by some scholars between the linguistic forces underlying new dialect creation and those underlying contact between closely related varieties often considered to be discrete is probably misinformed. The changes involved in the contacts fuelling differentiation are, if not the same, essentially of the same type. Koineisation lies as the heart of both.
Joseph Gafaranga
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780748675951
- eISBN:
- 9781474430463
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748675951.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
Research in code-switching, undertaken against the backdrop of very negative attitudes towards the concurrent use of two or more languages within the same conversation, has traditionally been geared ...
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Research in code-switching, undertaken against the backdrop of very negative attitudes towards the concurrent use of two or more languages within the same conversation, has traditionally been geared towards rehabilitating this form of language use. From being seen as a random phenomenon reflecting the user’s lack of competence, code-switching is currently seen as sign of an advanced level of competence in the languages involved and as serving different interactional functions. This chapter discusses in some detail the research effort which has led to the rehabilitation of code-switching, with a special focus on studies conducted from a socio-functional perspective. Key paradigms in this perspective are covered, including Gumperz’ interactional sociolinguistics model, Myers-Scotton’s markedness (rational choice) model and Auer’s and Gafaranga’s conversation analytic model of code-switching. In turn, this overview of existing research serves as a context for the challenge the study of code-switching is face with, namely that of its continued relevance.Less
Research in code-switching, undertaken against the backdrop of very negative attitudes towards the concurrent use of two or more languages within the same conversation, has traditionally been geared towards rehabilitating this form of language use. From being seen as a random phenomenon reflecting the user’s lack of competence, code-switching is currently seen as sign of an advanced level of competence in the languages involved and as serving different interactional functions. This chapter discusses in some detail the research effort which has led to the rehabilitation of code-switching, with a special focus on studies conducted from a socio-functional perspective. Key paradigms in this perspective are covered, including Gumperz’ interactional sociolinguistics model, Myers-Scotton’s markedness (rational choice) model and Auer’s and Gafaranga’s conversation analytic model of code-switching. In turn, this overview of existing research serves as a context for the challenge the study of code-switching is face with, namely that of its continued relevance.
Michael Cunningham
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719089268
- eISBN:
- 9781781707654
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719089268.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
The chapter examines how different disciplines have considered the apology, the relationship between the personal apology and the apology in politics and develops a typology of political apologies.
The chapter examines how different disciplines have considered the apology, the relationship between the personal apology and the apology in politics and develops a typology of political apologies.
Teresa Pepe
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474433990
- eISBN:
- 9781474460231
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433990.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
The chapter shows how bloggers mix of elements drawn from high and low varieties (Mixed Arabic) and foreign languages to develop new literary styles. It adopts Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of ‘minor ...
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The chapter shows how bloggers mix of elements drawn from high and low varieties (Mixed Arabic) and foreign languages to develop new literary styles. It adopts Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of ‘minor literature’ (1983) to illuminate the subversive nature of bloggers’ literary practices. The concept of ‘minority’ sheds light on the collective and political value of this literature, as it is produced by writers who publish their personal life-stories on the Internet to distance themselves from mainstream, state-owned media, to connect with each other and push the boundaries for freedom of expression. Besides, ‘minority’ allows to understand the use of mixed varieties of Arabic as a ‘deterritorialized language’, that is, a new, subversive literary style coined by a young generation of writers who feels alienated in respect to the national standardized written language. This chapter is based on the analysis of the six blogs chosen as case studies, but it includes examples drawn from the larger sample of blogs. It combines theories drawn from sociolinguistics and literary studies. Furthermore, it shows some examples of editorial choices made concerning this style when blogs are turned into books.Less
The chapter shows how bloggers mix of elements drawn from high and low varieties (Mixed Arabic) and foreign languages to develop new literary styles. It adopts Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of ‘minor literature’ (1983) to illuminate the subversive nature of bloggers’ literary practices. The concept of ‘minority’ sheds light on the collective and political value of this literature, as it is produced by writers who publish their personal life-stories on the Internet to distance themselves from mainstream, state-owned media, to connect with each other and push the boundaries for freedom of expression. Besides, ‘minority’ allows to understand the use of mixed varieties of Arabic as a ‘deterritorialized language’, that is, a new, subversive literary style coined by a young generation of writers who feels alienated in respect to the national standardized written language. This chapter is based on the analysis of the six blogs chosen as case studies, but it includes examples drawn from the larger sample of blogs. It combines theories drawn from sociolinguistics and literary studies. Furthermore, it shows some examples of editorial choices made concerning this style when blogs are turned into books.
