Nicholas P. Cushner
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195307566
- eISBN:
- 9780199784936
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195307569.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This book tells the story of how the 16th-century religious conquerors of America attempted to change the belief systems of the Native Americans. To what degree did they succeed or fail? And why? The ...
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This book tells the story of how the 16th-century religious conquerors of America attempted to change the belief systems of the Native Americans. To what degree did they succeed or fail? And why? The European protagonists and frontline representatives of the new religion in the spiritual struggles were the Jesuits (members of the Society of Jesus) who, although latecomers to America, soon became the most vocal and visible spokespersons. Invasion and military power are nothing new to minority societies. But how did they handle the waves of spiritual conquerors that came ashore in the 16th century? “Why have you come here?” are the words of a Florida Indian chief to a Jesuit missionary. The reply enlightens and at the same time demonstrates the renaissance certainty of the Europeans. From their first encounters with the Indians of La Florida, through Mexico, New France, the Paraguay Reductions, Andean Peru, to contact with Native Americans in pre-revolutionary Maryland, the Jesuits were ubiquitous in North and South America, with missions, preaching, and public theater, with the goal of changing what the Native American thought about God. Drawing on an abundance of primary material, the book also integrates the latest in published scholarship. The Jesuit Archives of Rome, the Archivo de Indias, Seville, besides those in Madrid and South America, have been tapped to throw light on the spiritual conquest of America.Less
This book tells the story of how the 16th-century religious conquerors of America attempted to change the belief systems of the Native Americans. To what degree did they succeed or fail? And why? The European protagonists and frontline representatives of the new religion in the spiritual struggles were the Jesuits (members of the Society of Jesus) who, although latecomers to America, soon became the most vocal and visible spokespersons. Invasion and military power are nothing new to minority societies. But how did they handle the waves of spiritual conquerors that came ashore in the 16th century? “Why have you come here?” are the words of a Florida Indian chief to a Jesuit missionary. The reply enlightens and at the same time demonstrates the renaissance certainty of the Europeans. From their first encounters with the Indians of La Florida, through Mexico, New France, the Paraguay Reductions, Andean Peru, to contact with Native Americans in pre-revolutionary Maryland, the Jesuits were ubiquitous in North and South America, with missions, preaching, and public theater, with the goal of changing what the Native American thought about God. Drawing on an abundance of primary material, the book also integrates the latest in published scholarship. The Jesuit Archives of Rome, the Archivo de Indias, Seville, besides those in Madrid and South America, have been tapped to throw light on the spiritual conquest of America.
Trent Pomplun
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195377866
- eISBN:
- 9780199869466
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377866.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This introduction summarizes the history of research on Ippolito Desideri and situates it within larger trends in Tibetan Studies and the historiography of the Society of Jesus. It argues that recent ...
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This introduction summarizes the history of research on Ippolito Desideri and situates it within larger trends in Tibetan Studies and the historiography of the Society of Jesus. It argues that recent works in Tibetan Studies that make Desideri an emblem of an alleged Western fantasy about Tibet often participate in rather common fantasies about Jesuits and the Society of Jesus. It also exposes one of the salient rhetorical strategies in recent works on the Jesuit missions (namely, that they are finally, just now, escaping the confines of hagiography) to be a longstanding feature of Jesuit historiography that has its own political agenda.Less
This introduction summarizes the history of research on Ippolito Desideri and situates it within larger trends in Tibetan Studies and the historiography of the Society of Jesus. It argues that recent works in Tibetan Studies that make Desideri an emblem of an alleged Western fantasy about Tibet often participate in rather common fantasies about Jesuits and the Society of Jesus. It also exposes one of the salient rhetorical strategies in recent works on the Jesuit missions (namely, that they are finally, just now, escaping the confines of hagiography) to be a longstanding feature of Jesuit historiography that has its own political agenda.
Dale K. Van Kley
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780300228465
- eISBN:
- 9780300235616
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300228465.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter discusses how the story of the final Spanish phase of the end of the prerevolutionary Society of Jesus is unedifying, even ugly, despite the historian Augustin Theiner's efforts to ...
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This chapter discusses how the story of the final Spanish phase of the end of the prerevolutionary Society of Jesus is unedifying, even ugly, despite the historian Augustin Theiner's efforts to sanctify it. Graceless and inglorious to the end, the final phase of the Bourbon campaign against the Jesuits came to its conclusion with the secretary Macedonio's formal presentation of the brief to a still astonished Ricci and his assistants at the Society's headquarters at Al Gesù Church in Rome on the morning of August 16, the date of the brief's official publication. As of that date in Rome, and by degrees as church and states implemented the papal brief's provisions elsewhere, the once proud Society of Jesus ceased to exist.Less
This chapter discusses how the story of the final Spanish phase of the end of the prerevolutionary Society of Jesus is unedifying, even ugly, despite the historian Augustin Theiner's efforts to sanctify it. Graceless and inglorious to the end, the final phase of the Bourbon campaign against the Jesuits came to its conclusion with the secretary Macedonio's formal presentation of the brief to a still astonished Ricci and his assistants at the Society's headquarters at Al Gesù Church in Rome on the morning of August 16, the date of the brief's official publication. As of that date in Rome, and by degrees as church and states implemented the papal brief's provisions elsewhere, the once proud Society of Jesus ceased to exist.
Dale K. Van Kley
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780300228465
- eISBN:
- 9780300235616
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300228465.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter looks at how the role of France in the demise of the Society of Jesus turned out to be as pivotal as the Italian Augustinians had hoped it would be. The plotting and planning began in ...
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This chapter looks at how the role of France in the demise of the Society of Jesus turned out to be as pivotal as the Italian Augustinians had hoped it would be. The plotting and planning began in Rome after Clément's visit there in 1758–1759. Regretting that the Damiens affair in France had not led to a general assault against the Jesuits, Bottari suggested that in order to extinguish the Society without recourse to the papacy, it would “suffice if other important princes such as the King of France or Spain would slay them in his realm,” in which case other states might follow suit. At that point Bottari found inspiration in the example of Portugal, and it is there that the process began.Less
This chapter looks at how the role of France in the demise of the Society of Jesus turned out to be as pivotal as the Italian Augustinians had hoped it would be. The plotting and planning began in Rome after Clément's visit there in 1758–1759. Regretting that the Damiens affair in France had not led to a general assault against the Jesuits, Bottari suggested that in order to extinguish the Society without recourse to the papacy, it would “suffice if other important princes such as the King of France or Spain would slay them in his realm,” in which case other states might follow suit. At that point Bottari found inspiration in the example of Portugal, and it is there that the process began.
Peter McDonough and Eugene Bianchi
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520230552
- eISBN:
- 9780520930773
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520230552.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
Founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540, the Society of Jesus remains the largest and most controversial religious order of men in Catholicism. Since the 1960s, however, Jesuits in the United States have ...
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Founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540, the Society of Jesus remains the largest and most controversial religious order of men in Catholicism. Since the 1960s, however, Jesuits in the United States have lost more than half of their members, and have experienced a massive upheaval in what they believe and how they work and live. This book draws on interviews and statements gathered from more than four hundred Jesuits and former Jesuits to provide an intimate look at turmoil among Catholicism's legendary best-and-brightest. Priests and former priests speak candidly about their reasons for joining (and leaving) the Jesuits, about their sexual development and orientation, and about their spiritual crises and their engagement with other religious traditions. They discuss issues ranging from celibacy to the ordination of women, homosexuality, the rationale of the priesthood, the challenges of community life, and the divinity of Jesus. The book traces the transformation of the Society of Jesus from a fairly unified organization into a smaller, looser community with disparate goals and an elusive corporate identity. From its role as a traditional subculture during the days of immigrant Catholicism, the order has changed into an amalgam of countercultures shaped around social mission, sexual identity, and an eclectic spirituality. The story of the Jesuits reflects the crisis of clerical authority and the deep ambivalence surrounding American Catholicism's encounter with modernity.Less
Founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540, the Society of Jesus remains the largest and most controversial religious order of men in Catholicism. Since the 1960s, however, Jesuits in the United States have lost more than half of their members, and have experienced a massive upheaval in what they believe and how they work and live. This book draws on interviews and statements gathered from more than four hundred Jesuits and former Jesuits to provide an intimate look at turmoil among Catholicism's legendary best-and-brightest. Priests and former priests speak candidly about their reasons for joining (and leaving) the Jesuits, about their sexual development and orientation, and about their spiritual crises and their engagement with other religious traditions. They discuss issues ranging from celibacy to the ordination of women, homosexuality, the rationale of the priesthood, the challenges of community life, and the divinity of Jesus. The book traces the transformation of the Society of Jesus from a fairly unified organization into a smaller, looser community with disparate goals and an elusive corporate identity. From its role as a traditional subculture during the days of immigrant Catholicism, the order has changed into an amalgam of countercultures shaped around social mission, sexual identity, and an eclectic spirituality. The story of the Jesuits reflects the crisis of clerical authority and the deep ambivalence surrounding American Catholicism's encounter with modernity.
Geoffrey Cubitt
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198228684
- eISBN:
- 9780191678790
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198228684.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter discusses the arguments and ideas surrounding Jesuitism that formed the framework of the anti-Jesuit movement. It examines the organization of the Society of Jesus and the individual ...
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This chapter discusses the arguments and ideas surrounding Jesuitism that formed the framework of the anti-Jesuit movement. It examines the organization of the Society of Jesus and the individual character and motivation of Jesuit members. It also assesses the criticisms in the Jesuit Constitutions and the Jesuit as described in various novels and writings of anti-Jesuit literature. Anti-Jesuits approached the Constitutions with the intention of stripping bare the mechanism whereby the efforts, affections, and aspirations of the Jesuits were regarded as the religious order's unrelenting pursuit of power. On the other hand, the speculations on the Jesuit character in anti-Jesuit fiction tended to rest on the ideas about the Constitutions with the intention not to create Jesuits thoroughly convincing as individuals but rather to translate such theories as convincingly as possible into a fictional context.Less
This chapter discusses the arguments and ideas surrounding Jesuitism that formed the framework of the anti-Jesuit movement. It examines the organization of the Society of Jesus and the individual character and motivation of Jesuit members. It also assesses the criticisms in the Jesuit Constitutions and the Jesuit as described in various novels and writings of anti-Jesuit literature. Anti-Jesuits approached the Constitutions with the intention of stripping bare the mechanism whereby the efforts, affections, and aspirations of the Jesuits were regarded as the religious order's unrelenting pursuit of power. On the other hand, the speculations on the Jesuit character in anti-Jesuit fiction tended to rest on the ideas about the Constitutions with the intention not to create Jesuits thoroughly convincing as individuals but rather to translate such theories as convincingly as possible into a fictional context.
Marc Rastoin, S.J.
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823228119
- eISBN:
- 9780823236985
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823228119.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter discusses the Society of Jesus' acceptance of recruits from Jewish origin or the so-called conversos prior to 1593. This tolerance ended at the Fifth General Congregation in 1593 due to ...
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This chapter discusses the Society of Jesus' acceptance of recruits from Jewish origin or the so-called conversos prior to 1593. This tolerance ended at the Fifth General Congregation in 1593 due to the combined efforts of the Spanish Crown and the majority of Spanish Jesuits themselves. It reveals that several studies have found that the Society's founder and its first Superior General Ignatius Loyola came from a converso family and that he had wished he had been Jewish to have the honor of being from the same race as Jesus and the Virgin Mary.Less
This chapter discusses the Society of Jesus' acceptance of recruits from Jewish origin or the so-called conversos prior to 1593. This tolerance ended at the Fifth General Congregation in 1593 due to the combined efforts of the Spanish Crown and the majority of Spanish Jesuits themselves. It reveals that several studies have found that the Society's founder and its first Superior General Ignatius Loyola came from a converso family and that he had wished he had been Jewish to have the honor of being from the same race as Jesus and the Virgin Mary.
Evonne Levy
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520233577
- eISBN:
- 9780520928633
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520233577.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The French Marxist Louis Althusser's description of the functioning of ideology sets the stage for a reading of Jesuit propaganda. The proximity— if not the dependence—of Althusser's models of ...
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The French Marxist Louis Althusser's description of the functioning of ideology sets the stage for a reading of Jesuit propaganda. The proximity— if not the dependence—of Althusser's models of ideology on Christian models of subject formation points to its appropriateness for understanding visual propaganda in the Jesuit milieu in particular and the Catholic Baroque in general. The difference between meaning and message can be illustrated by restaging an encounter staged previously by W. J. T. Mitchell: Erwin Panofsky's iconography meeting Althusser's ideological interpellation. This chapter examines the role of the Catholic Church in producing propaganda, along with Althusser's Ideological State Apparatuses. It also looks at St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus, and his biographer P. Pedro de Ribadeynera. Finally, the chapter considers the Ignatian cults in Rome during the 1680s-1690s, Andrea Pozzo's frescoes in the Church of St. Ignatius, and the Chapel of St. Ignatius.Less
The French Marxist Louis Althusser's description of the functioning of ideology sets the stage for a reading of Jesuit propaganda. The proximity— if not the dependence—of Althusser's models of ideology on Christian models of subject formation points to its appropriateness for understanding visual propaganda in the Jesuit milieu in particular and the Catholic Baroque in general. The difference between meaning and message can be illustrated by restaging an encounter staged previously by W. J. T. Mitchell: Erwin Panofsky's iconography meeting Althusser's ideological interpellation. This chapter examines the role of the Catholic Church in producing propaganda, along with Althusser's Ideological State Apparatuses. It also looks at St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus, and his biographer P. Pedro de Ribadeynera. Finally, the chapter considers the Ignatian cults in Rome during the 1680s-1690s, Andrea Pozzo's frescoes in the Church of St. Ignatius, and the Chapel of St. Ignatius.
Avery Cardinal Dulles
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823228621
- eISBN:
- 9780823236619
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823228621.003.0036
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter, intended to complete a series of four on the Jesuit founders whose jubilees were celebrated in 2006, discusses the role of the Ignatian charism today. It first ...
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This chapter, intended to complete a series of four on the Jesuit founders whose jubilees were celebrated in 2006, discusses the role of the Ignatian charism today. It first explains the notion of the Ignatian charism. A charism is a gift of grace, conferred not for one's personal sanctification, but for the benefit of others. Then it speaks of the gifts that Saint Ignatius possessed in an eminent way and that he handed down with God's help in the Society he founded. The discussion looks into the Ignatian vision, the principles for the Society of Jesus, directives of the recent popes, and contemporary challenges faced by Jesuits. It argues that the greatest need of the Society of Jesus is to be able to project a clearer vision of its purpose. In this respect the recent popes have rendered great assistance.Less
This chapter, intended to complete a series of four on the Jesuit founders whose jubilees were celebrated in 2006, discusses the role of the Ignatian charism today. It first explains the notion of the Ignatian charism. A charism is a gift of grace, conferred not for one's personal sanctification, but for the benefit of others. Then it speaks of the gifts that Saint Ignatius possessed in an eminent way and that he handed down with God's help in the Society he founded. The discussion looks into the Ignatian vision, the principles for the Society of Jesus, directives of the recent popes, and contemporary challenges faced by Jesuits. It argues that the greatest need of the Society of Jesus is to be able to project a clearer vision of its purpose. In this respect the recent popes have rendered great assistance.
Mark Bosco and David Stagaman (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823228089
- eISBN:
- 9780823236954
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823228089.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Three of the most influential Catholic theologians of the twentieth century—Bernard Lonergan, John Courtney Murray, and Karl Rahner—were all born in 1904, at the height of the Catholic Church's most ...
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Three of the most influential Catholic theologians of the twentieth century—Bernard Lonergan, John Courtney Murray, and Karl Rahner—were all born in 1904, at the height of the Catholic Church's most militant rhetoric against all things modern. In this culture of suspicion, Lonergan, Murray, and Rahner grew in faith to join the Society of Jesus and struggled with the burden of antimodernist policies in their formation. By the time of their mature work in the 1950s and 1960s, they had helped to redefine the critical dialogue between modern thought and contemporary Catholic theology. After the détente of the Second Vatican Council, they brought Catholic tradition into a closer relationship to modern philosophy, history, and politics. The original chapters in this book celebrate the legacies of Lonergan, Murray, and Rahner after a century of theological development. Offering a broad range of perspectives on their lives and works, the chapters blend personal and anecdotal accounts with incisive critical appraisals. Together, they offer an insight into the distinctive character of three great thinkers and how their work shapes the way Catholics think and talk about God, Church, and State.Less
Three of the most influential Catholic theologians of the twentieth century—Bernard Lonergan, John Courtney Murray, and Karl Rahner—were all born in 1904, at the height of the Catholic Church's most militant rhetoric against all things modern. In this culture of suspicion, Lonergan, Murray, and Rahner grew in faith to join the Society of Jesus and struggled with the burden of antimodernist policies in their formation. By the time of their mature work in the 1950s and 1960s, they had helped to redefine the critical dialogue between modern thought and contemporary Catholic theology. After the détente of the Second Vatican Council, they brought Catholic tradition into a closer relationship to modern philosophy, history, and politics. The original chapters in this book celebrate the legacies of Lonergan, Murray, and Rahner after a century of theological development. Offering a broad range of perspectives on their lives and works, the chapters blend personal and anecdotal accounts with incisive critical appraisals. Together, they offer an insight into the distinctive character of three great thinkers and how their work shapes the way Catholics think and talk about God, Church, and State.
Jan Machielsen
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265802
- eISBN:
- 9780191772009
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265802.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This second, biographical chapter charts Martin Delrio’s career within the Society of Jesus until his death in 1608. Drawing on archival documents from Rome and elsewhere it seeks to make sense of a ...
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This second, biographical chapter charts Martin Delrio’s career within the Society of Jesus until his death in 1608. Drawing on archival documents from Rome and elsewhere it seeks to make sense of a career that spanned the width and breadth of Europe. Many of Delrio’s surviving letters document numerous conflicts and disagreements with his superiors and could superficially be read as evidence of disobedience and a troubled relationship with authority. This chapter argues, however, that this is too facile a reading of the Ignatian ideal of obedience. Even so, Delrio’s itinerant existence suggests a mind that was not truly at peace anywhere.Less
This second, biographical chapter charts Martin Delrio’s career within the Society of Jesus until his death in 1608. Drawing on archival documents from Rome and elsewhere it seeks to make sense of a career that spanned the width and breadth of Europe. Many of Delrio’s surviving letters document numerous conflicts and disagreements with his superiors and could superficially be read as evidence of disobedience and a troubled relationship with authority. This chapter argues, however, that this is too facile a reading of the Ignatian ideal of obedience. Even so, Delrio’s itinerant existence suggests a mind that was not truly at peace anywhere.
Geoffrey Cubitt
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198228684
- eISBN:
- 9780191678790
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198228684.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter discusses the prevailing fear of the assumed powerfulness of the Jesuit members whose identity did not arouse mistrust or draw attention. It focuses on the Jesuits who donned plain and ...
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This chapter discusses the prevailing fear of the assumed powerfulness of the Jesuit members whose identity did not arouse mistrust or draw attention. It focuses on the Jesuits who donned plain and ordinary clothes in exchange of their much-hated soutanes and cassocks. The Secret Jesuits whose membership of, or intimate connection with, the Society of Jesus was concealed beneath the external appearance of ordinary members of the laity created anti-Jesuit speculations. Their concealed identity created a great deal of mystery, some of which stemmed from the secrecy of their activities and some from the anti-Jesuits' uncertainty and disagreement over what exactly the affiliation of the Jesuits consisted of. These various confusions of anti-Jesuit views arose from the entanglement and overlapping of two mythologies; the first relating to the lay organization and the second to the so-called jésuites de robe courte.Less
This chapter discusses the prevailing fear of the assumed powerfulness of the Jesuit members whose identity did not arouse mistrust or draw attention. It focuses on the Jesuits who donned plain and ordinary clothes in exchange of their much-hated soutanes and cassocks. The Secret Jesuits whose membership of, or intimate connection with, the Society of Jesus was concealed beneath the external appearance of ordinary members of the laity created anti-Jesuit speculations. Their concealed identity created a great deal of mystery, some of which stemmed from the secrecy of their activities and some from the anti-Jesuits' uncertainty and disagreement over what exactly the affiliation of the Jesuits consisted of. These various confusions of anti-Jesuit views arose from the entanglement and overlapping of two mythologies; the first relating to the lay organization and the second to the so-called jésuites de robe courte.
Muzaffar Alam and Sanjay Subrahmanyam
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231158114
- eISBN:
- 9780231527903
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231158114.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter discusses the early modern encounter between the Jesuits of the Society of Jesus and the Mughal empire, as it returns to the Jesuit materials, which are read together and contrasted ...
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This chapter discusses the early modern encounter between the Jesuits of the Society of Jesus and the Mughal empire, as it returns to the Jesuit materials, which are read together and contrasted Rashomon-like with a recently discovered text of prime significance, the Majālis-i Jahāngīrī of the Mughal intellectual 'Abdus Sattar ibn Qasim Lahauri. This exercise can reveal a better sense of the courtly intellectual milieu as well as the inter-religious debates (munāzara) that characterized a good part of this period, and which were important precursors to those of the colonial period. Once such debate is the meeting between the Jesuits and 'Ali 'Adil Shah, in which the latter engages the former on relative trivia rather than on major doctrinal matters. What is of consequence is not the usual Jesuit capacity to make sense of, and translate, the world at large, but their manifest incomprehension.Less
This chapter discusses the early modern encounter between the Jesuits of the Society of Jesus and the Mughal empire, as it returns to the Jesuit materials, which are read together and contrasted Rashomon-like with a recently discovered text of prime significance, the Majālis-i Jahāngīrī of the Mughal intellectual 'Abdus Sattar ibn Qasim Lahauri. This exercise can reveal a better sense of the courtly intellectual milieu as well as the inter-religious debates (munāzara) that characterized a good part of this period, and which were important precursors to those of the colonial period. Once such debate is the meeting between the Jesuits and 'Ali 'Adil Shah, in which the latter engages the former on relative trivia rather than on major doctrinal matters. What is of consequence is not the usual Jesuit capacity to make sense of, and translate, the world at large, but their manifest incomprehension.
Elizabeth A. Dreyer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823233311
- eISBN:
- 9780823241743
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823233311.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter has two primary goals. First, it lifts up the active engagement of women in the ministries of the Society of Jesus, through which they became teachers by example—keeping in mind the ...
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This chapter has two primary goals. First, it lifts up the active engagement of women in the ministries of the Society of Jesus, through which they became teachers by example—keeping in mind the social, ecclesial context of sixteenth-century Europe. Second, it contrasts this portrait with the image of women found in Hugo Rahner's Saint Ignatius Loyola: Letters to Women. There are 139 extant letters exchanged between Ignatius and women—89 written by Ignatius, 50 written by women. The chapter focuses on the letters to and from Ignatius, and female royalty, nobility, and select friends.Less
This chapter has two primary goals. First, it lifts up the active engagement of women in the ministries of the Society of Jesus, through which they became teachers by example—keeping in mind the social, ecclesial context of sixteenth-century Europe. Second, it contrasts this portrait with the image of women found in Hugo Rahner's Saint Ignatius Loyola: Letters to Women. There are 139 extant letters exchanged between Ignatius and women—89 written by Ignatius, 50 written by women. The chapter focuses on the letters to and from Ignatius, and female royalty, nobility, and select friends.
Philip Endean
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198270287
- eISBN:
- 9780191683961
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198270287.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter focuses on the beginning of Karl Rahner's career, particularly on his collaboration with Hugo, his elder brother and fellow Jesuit, regarding early Jesuit writings. The Rahner brothers ...
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This chapter focuses on the beginning of Karl Rahner's career, particularly on his collaboration with Hugo, his elder brother and fellow Jesuit, regarding early Jesuit writings. The Rahner brothers also produced a German version of Jerónimo Nadal's work on prayer to introduce Nadal and his ideas not only to the Ignatian specialists but also to the Jesuit circulation. The Rahner brothers took two of Nadal's concepts to exemplify Ignatius's ideals: ‘finding God in all things’ and ‘contemplative in action’. The Rahner brothers emphasized Nadal's concepts to establish a claim that the charisma of Ignatius and the Society of Jesus relies on the ability to find God both in prayer and in action.Less
This chapter focuses on the beginning of Karl Rahner's career, particularly on his collaboration with Hugo, his elder brother and fellow Jesuit, regarding early Jesuit writings. The Rahner brothers also produced a German version of Jerónimo Nadal's work on prayer to introduce Nadal and his ideas not only to the Ignatian specialists but also to the Jesuit circulation. The Rahner brothers took two of Nadal's concepts to exemplify Ignatius's ideals: ‘finding God in all things’ and ‘contemplative in action’. The Rahner brothers emphasized Nadal's concepts to establish a claim that the charisma of Ignatius and the Society of Jesus relies on the ability to find God both in prayer and in action.
Nicholas Dew
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199234844
- eISBN:
- 9780191715716
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199234844.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter reveals Melchisédech Thévenot's role in the production of the first substantial translation of the Confucian classics to appear in Europe, the Confucius Sinarum Philosophus (1687). The ...
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This chapter reveals Melchisédech Thévenot's role in the production of the first substantial translation of the Confucian classics to appear in Europe, the Confucius Sinarum Philosophus (1687). The Jesuit Philippe Couplet (1623–1693) was in charge of supervising the printing of the translation, which had evolved over almost a century as a collaborative work. The business of publication was handled at the Bibliothèque du roi in Paris, which at the time was under the control of Thévenot. New sources are used to cast light on the relationship Couplet had with Thévenot and the library.Less
This chapter reveals Melchisédech Thévenot's role in the production of the first substantial translation of the Confucian classics to appear in Europe, the Confucius Sinarum Philosophus (1687). The Jesuit Philippe Couplet (1623–1693) was in charge of supervising the printing of the translation, which had evolved over almost a century as a collaborative work. The business of publication was handled at the Bibliothèque du roi in Paris, which at the time was under the control of Thévenot. New sources are used to cast light on the relationship Couplet had with Thévenot and the library.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226355597
- eISBN:
- 9780226355610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226355610.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Matteo Ricci's De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas suscepta ab Societate Jesu (1615) was the first sustained history of the Jesuit mission in China, as well as the history of a particular sort of ...
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Matteo Ricci's De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas suscepta ab Societate Jesu (1615) was the first sustained history of the Jesuit mission in China, as well as the history of a particular sort of apostolic life. Within its pages, the Jesuits' engagement with mixed mathematics in the Chinese mission fields was first transformed from an occasionally convenient tactic to a manifestation of authentic evangelical action. The Society of Jesus's foundational legislative text, Constitutions, stipulated a regular correspondence patterned on the order's administrative structure. The Constitutions' prescriptions represent but a starting point for grasping the development of administrative letter-writing practices within the Society. This chapter examines the emergence of mission histories from the rich substratum of Jesuit correspondence that linked members of the Society of Jesus. In the hands of De Christiana's editor, Nicolas Trigault, the first history of the Jesuit mission in China doubled as a vita of Ricci, the saintly missionary mathematician.Less
Matteo Ricci's De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas suscepta ab Societate Jesu (1615) was the first sustained history of the Jesuit mission in China, as well as the history of a particular sort of apostolic life. Within its pages, the Jesuits' engagement with mixed mathematics in the Chinese mission fields was first transformed from an occasionally convenient tactic to a manifestation of authentic evangelical action. The Society of Jesus's foundational legislative text, Constitutions, stipulated a regular correspondence patterned on the order's administrative structure. The Constitutions' prescriptions represent but a starting point for grasping the development of administrative letter-writing practices within the Society. This chapter examines the emergence of mission histories from the rich substratum of Jesuit correspondence that linked members of the Society of Jesus. In the hands of De Christiana's editor, Nicolas Trigault, the first history of the Jesuit mission in China doubled as a vita of Ricci, the saintly missionary mathematician.
Pamila Gupta
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719090615
- eISBN:
- 9781781708002
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719090615.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
The fourth chapter explores the ritual contours of Xavier’s “First Solemn Exposition” which was staged in 1782. It addresses the increasing "secularization" of Xavier as he becomes a symbol and agent ...
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The fourth chapter explores the ritual contours of Xavier’s “First Solemn Exposition” which was staged in 1782. It addresses the increasing "secularization" of Xavier as he becomes a symbol and agent of colonial state authority in the midst of escalated tensions between the Estado da Índia and the Society of Jesus operating in Goa, including parallel concerns over the physical deterioration of Xavier's corpse—its state of "desiccation"—, and which culminates in the expulsion of this religious order in 1759. The role of official and unofficial documentation in both serving and disrupting church and state doctrine is detailed. In many ways, these acts of communication—the bequeathing of titles, monies, and vestments, and the various prohibitions against opening Xavier's casket—are indexical of differing investments in the corpse of St. Francis Xavier on the part of colonial officials and Jesuit missionaries, as well as anxieties concerning their respective positions (and positionings) throughout the 18th century.Less
The fourth chapter explores the ritual contours of Xavier’s “First Solemn Exposition” which was staged in 1782. It addresses the increasing "secularization" of Xavier as he becomes a symbol and agent of colonial state authority in the midst of escalated tensions between the Estado da Índia and the Society of Jesus operating in Goa, including parallel concerns over the physical deterioration of Xavier's corpse—its state of "desiccation"—, and which culminates in the expulsion of this religious order in 1759. The role of official and unofficial documentation in both serving and disrupting church and state doctrine is detailed. In many ways, these acts of communication—the bequeathing of titles, monies, and vestments, and the various prohibitions against opening Xavier's casket—are indexical of differing investments in the corpse of St. Francis Xavier on the part of colonial officials and Jesuit missionaries, as well as anxieties concerning their respective positions (and positionings) throughout the 18th century.
Katrina B. Olds
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300185225
- eISBN:
- 9780300186062
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300185225.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter shows how Higuera’s tweaking of local factional and religious interests helped to make his scholarship controversial, even when its content was, in fact, remarkably anodyne. Higuera had ...
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This chapter shows how Higuera’s tweaking of local factional and religious interests helped to make his scholarship controversial, even when its content was, in fact, remarkably anodyne. Higuera had tried to bring his vision of the sacred past to life by means of direct advocacy and archaeological subterfuge in the infamous incident of the “discovery” of the temple of Saint Thyrsus (San Tirso) in Toledo in 1594. The resulting controversy divided learned opinion in Toledo. It also brought Higuera to the attention of Jesuit superiors all the way to Rome. Higuera’s woes with the Jesuits were not unique, nor were his appeals for help to the Spanish Inquisition. Yet it is worth emphasizing that, in spite of his difficult relationship with his superiors, Higuera was dedicated to the Society of Jesus.Less
This chapter shows how Higuera’s tweaking of local factional and religious interests helped to make his scholarship controversial, even when its content was, in fact, remarkably anodyne. Higuera had tried to bring his vision of the sacred past to life by means of direct advocacy and archaeological subterfuge in the infamous incident of the “discovery” of the temple of Saint Thyrsus (San Tirso) in Toledo in 1594. The resulting controversy divided learned opinion in Toledo. It also brought Higuera to the attention of Jesuit superiors all the way to Rome. Higuera’s woes with the Jesuits were not unique, nor were his appeals for help to the Spanish Inquisition. Yet it is worth emphasizing that, in spite of his difficult relationship with his superiors, Higuera was dedicated to the Society of Jesus.
M. Thomas and S.J. McCoog
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719086984
- eISBN:
- 9781781704981
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719086984.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter offers a detailed investigation of the manner in which continental colleges, institutions of critical importance for the future evolution of insular Catholicism, were established for the ...
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This chapter offers a detailed investigation of the manner in which continental colleges, institutions of critical importance for the future evolution of insular Catholicism, were established for the benefit of the various national and linguistic groupings who inhabited the archipelago and the tensions which were aroused between English, Irish, Scots and Welsh groupings in their pursuit of often scarce resources. Recently Christopher Highley has noted the reluctance of English and Irish Catholic refugees on the continent to cooperate. While accepting the importance of this observation, the chapter, however, highlights the role played by Robert Parsons in the foundation not only of English colleges but also Scots and Irish institutions and concludes that the stirrings of national sentiment which did occur by no means precluded any co-operation between the different national communities of exiles on the continent.Less
This chapter offers a detailed investigation of the manner in which continental colleges, institutions of critical importance for the future evolution of insular Catholicism, were established for the benefit of the various national and linguistic groupings who inhabited the archipelago and the tensions which were aroused between English, Irish, Scots and Welsh groupings in their pursuit of often scarce resources. Recently Christopher Highley has noted the reluctance of English and Irish Catholic refugees on the continent to cooperate. While accepting the importance of this observation, the chapter, however, highlights the role played by Robert Parsons in the foundation not only of English colleges but also Scots and Irish institutions and concludes that the stirrings of national sentiment which did occur by no means precluded any co-operation between the different national communities of exiles on the continent.
