Ben Quash
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199571833
- eISBN:
- 9780191722264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571833.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Reinhold Niebuhr's ‘Christian realism’ was in significant part a rejection of the pacifism and optimism of the Social Gospel movement in the United States. Even though Niebuhr had initially been ...
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Reinhold Niebuhr's ‘Christian realism’ was in significant part a rejection of the pacifism and optimism of the Social Gospel movement in the United States. Even though Niebuhr had initially been sympathetic to the movement, he came to dismiss its belief that the realization of the kingdom of God, proclaimed by Jesus, could be expected in the foreseeable future. He thought the movement's great confidence in human progress was naiïve, and that its belief in education's power to foster a law of love (and thus to eradicate the sin of selfishness from individuals and institutions) lacked a proper understanding of original sin. Recognizing the force of Niebuhr's criticisms of the Social Gospel movement, this chapter sets out to ask whether Niebuhr's thought is as effective a riposte to another and much more recent strand of thought in Christian ethics: the ecclesially centered ethics of Radical Orthodoxy. Measuring Radical Orthodoxy's thought against Niebuhr's is given added interest by the fact that Radical Orthodox thinkers themselves — and especially John Milbank — have explicitly and critically engaged Niebuhr, and have described what they see as the ‘poverty’ of his idea of Christian realism for contemporary ethics.Less
Reinhold Niebuhr's ‘Christian realism’ was in significant part a rejection of the pacifism and optimism of the Social Gospel movement in the United States. Even though Niebuhr had initially been sympathetic to the movement, he came to dismiss its belief that the realization of the kingdom of God, proclaimed by Jesus, could be expected in the foreseeable future. He thought the movement's great confidence in human progress was naiïve, and that its belief in education's power to foster a law of love (and thus to eradicate the sin of selfishness from individuals and institutions) lacked a proper understanding of original sin. Recognizing the force of Niebuhr's criticisms of the Social Gospel movement, this chapter sets out to ask whether Niebuhr's thought is as effective a riposte to another and much more recent strand of thought in Christian ethics: the ecclesially centered ethics of Radical Orthodoxy. Measuring Radical Orthodoxy's thought against Niebuhr's is given added interest by the fact that Radical Orthodox thinkers themselves — and especially John Milbank — have explicitly and critically engaged Niebuhr, and have described what they see as the ‘poverty’ of his idea of Christian realism for contemporary ethics.
Emma Craddock
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781529205701
- eISBN:
- 9781529205749
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529205701.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
This chapter sets up the theoretical context of the book. It begins by establishing the key relevant debates in Social Movement Theory (SMT), including that of new versus old social movements, the ...
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This chapter sets up the theoretical context of the book. It begins by establishing the key relevant debates in Social Movement Theory (SMT), including that of new versus old social movements, the influence of new media technologies on social movements and the role of emotions within social movement studies. This chapter identifies the theoretical perspective for studying activist culture, drawing on Bourdieu’s (1992) theory of practice. This will serve as the basis for developing an analysis of the affective and cultural dimensions of social movement activism. It is contended that this approach enables the development of in-depth ‘thick description’ (Geertz, 1973) and an understanding of the interactions between activists as well as between the activist field and the wider social and political context, which is a theme threaded throughout the book. The chapter highlights feminist critiques of mainstream (or ‘malestream’) SMT’s failure to recognise the importance of gender to theorising social movements. This is contextualised by a wider discussion about the gendered exclusions that exist within the public sphere.Less
This chapter sets up the theoretical context of the book. It begins by establishing the key relevant debates in Social Movement Theory (SMT), including that of new versus old social movements, the influence of new media technologies on social movements and the role of emotions within social movement studies. This chapter identifies the theoretical perspective for studying activist culture, drawing on Bourdieu’s (1992) theory of practice. This will serve as the basis for developing an analysis of the affective and cultural dimensions of social movement activism. It is contended that this approach enables the development of in-depth ‘thick description’ (Geertz, 1973) and an understanding of the interactions between activists as well as between the activist field and the wider social and political context, which is a theme threaded throughout the book. The chapter highlights feminist critiques of mainstream (or ‘malestream’) SMT’s failure to recognise the importance of gender to theorising social movements. This is contextualised by a wider discussion about the gendered exclusions that exist within the public sphere.
Dana M. Williams
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526105547
- eISBN:
- 9781526132215
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526105547.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
Anarchism may be the most misunderstood political ideology of the modern era—it’s surely one of the least studied social movements by English-speaking scholars. Black Flags and Social Movements ...
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Anarchism may be the most misunderstood political ideology of the modern era—it’s surely one of the least studied social movements by English-speaking scholars. Black Flags and Social Movements addresses this deficit with an in-depth analysis of contemporary anarchist movements, as interpreted by social movement theories and the analytical tools of political sociologists. Using unique datasets—gathered by anarchists themselves—the book presents longitudinal and international analyses that focus upon who anarchists are (similar, yet, different from classic anarchists) and where they may be found (most countries in the world, but especially in European and North American cities). Even though scholars have studiously avoided the contradictions and complications that anti-state movements present for their theories, numerous social movement ideas, including political opportunity, new social movements, and social capital theory, are relevant and adaptable to understanding anarchist movements. Due to their sometimes limited numbers and due to their identities as radical anti-authoritarians, anarchists often find themselves collaborating with numerous other social movements, bringing along their values, ideas, and tactics.Less
Anarchism may be the most misunderstood political ideology of the modern era—it’s surely one of the least studied social movements by English-speaking scholars. Black Flags and Social Movements addresses this deficit with an in-depth analysis of contemporary anarchist movements, as interpreted by social movement theories and the analytical tools of political sociologists. Using unique datasets—gathered by anarchists themselves—the book presents longitudinal and international analyses that focus upon who anarchists are (similar, yet, different from classic anarchists) and where they may be found (most countries in the world, but especially in European and North American cities). Even though scholars have studiously avoided the contradictions and complications that anti-state movements present for their theories, numerous social movement ideas, including political opportunity, new social movements, and social capital theory, are relevant and adaptable to understanding anarchist movements. Due to their sometimes limited numbers and due to their identities as radical anti-authoritarians, anarchists often find themselves collaborating with numerous other social movements, bringing along their values, ideas, and tactics.
Graham Neville
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269779
- eISBN:
- 9780191683794
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269779.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Historians of the Christian Social movement in the Church of England during the 19th and early 20th centuries have paid little attention to its relation to the Liberal Party. But from about 1886 to ...
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Historians of the Christian Social movement in the Church of England during the 19th and early 20th centuries have paid little attention to its relation to the Liberal Party. But from about 1886 to 1918 there were some socially concerned churchmen who firmly supported the Liberal Party in its new role as an agency of social reform and tried to exercise influence as a group, taking Henry Scott Holland as leader and inspirer. Edward Lee Hicks, who succeeded Edward King as bishop of Lincoln in 1910, was a distinctive churchman associated with this group. He was an outstanding classical scholar who combined a long pastoral experience with active support of movements for temperance reform, improved housing, women's education and enfranchisement, and international peace. This study shows how he developed these social concerns under the influence of such friends as John Ruskin and C. P. Scott, and how he was drawn from his radical liberalism to the support of the incipient Labour Party without becoming a theoretical socialist.Less
Historians of the Christian Social movement in the Church of England during the 19th and early 20th centuries have paid little attention to its relation to the Liberal Party. But from about 1886 to 1918 there were some socially concerned churchmen who firmly supported the Liberal Party in its new role as an agency of social reform and tried to exercise influence as a group, taking Henry Scott Holland as leader and inspirer. Edward Lee Hicks, who succeeded Edward King as bishop of Lincoln in 1910, was a distinctive churchman associated with this group. He was an outstanding classical scholar who combined a long pastoral experience with active support of movements for temperance reform, improved housing, women's education and enfranchisement, and international peace. This study shows how he developed these social concerns under the influence of such friends as John Ruskin and C. P. Scott, and how he was drawn from his radical liberalism to the support of the incipient Labour Party without becoming a theoretical socialist.
Chong Chon-Smith
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628462050
- eISBN:
- 9781626745292
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628462050.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This book provides an understanding of the inspiring, contradictory, hostile, resonant, and unarticulated ways in which Asian American and African American cultural formation occurs. Through the ...
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This book provides an understanding of the inspiring, contradictory, hostile, resonant, and unarticulated ways in which Asian American and African American cultural formation occurs. Through the interpretation of labor department documents, popular journalism, and state discourses, the book historicizes the formation of both the construction of black “pathology” and the Asian “model minority.” Beginning with the Moynihan Report and journalistic reports about Asian Americans as “model minority,” black and Asian men were racialized together, as if “racially magnetized.” Through the concept of racial magnetism, the book examines both dominant and emergent representations of Asian and African American masculinities as mediating figures for the contradictions of race, class, and gender in post-civil rights U.S.A. The post-civil rights era names this specific race for U.S. citizenship and class advantage, when massive Asian technocratic immigration and decline of African American industrial labor helped usher in a new period of laissez faire class struggle and racial realignment. While the state abandoned social programs at home and expanded imperial projects overseas, state discourses posited that the post-civil rights moment was a period of imminent racial danger because Black Power and the Asian American Movement challenged the understanding that social equality through civil rights had been achieved. The book studies both the dominant discourses that “pair” African American and Asian American racialized masculinities together, and it examines the African American and Asian American counter-discourses—in literature, film, popular sport, hip-hop music, performance arts, and internet subcultures—that link social movements and cultural production as active critical responses to this dominant formation.Less
This book provides an understanding of the inspiring, contradictory, hostile, resonant, and unarticulated ways in which Asian American and African American cultural formation occurs. Through the interpretation of labor department documents, popular journalism, and state discourses, the book historicizes the formation of both the construction of black “pathology” and the Asian “model minority.” Beginning with the Moynihan Report and journalistic reports about Asian Americans as “model minority,” black and Asian men were racialized together, as if “racially magnetized.” Through the concept of racial magnetism, the book examines both dominant and emergent representations of Asian and African American masculinities as mediating figures for the contradictions of race, class, and gender in post-civil rights U.S.A. The post-civil rights era names this specific race for U.S. citizenship and class advantage, when massive Asian technocratic immigration and decline of African American industrial labor helped usher in a new period of laissez faire class struggle and racial realignment. While the state abandoned social programs at home and expanded imperial projects overseas, state discourses posited that the post-civil rights moment was a period of imminent racial danger because Black Power and the Asian American Movement challenged the understanding that social equality through civil rights had been achieved. The book studies both the dominant discourses that “pair” African American and Asian American racialized masculinities together, and it examines the African American and Asian American counter-discourses—in literature, film, popular sport, hip-hop music, performance arts, and internet subcultures—that link social movements and cultural production as active critical responses to this dominant formation.
Simon Andrew Avenell
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520262706
- eISBN:
- 9780520947672
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520262706.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
The emergence of new civic groups from the 1970s onward is discussed in this chapter. The new civic movements which begun in the 1970s can be understood as a Japanese form of the new social movements ...
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The emergence of new civic groups from the 1970s onward is discussed in this chapter. The new civic movements which begun in the 1970s can be understood as a Japanese form of the new social movements so prevalent in industrialized nations since the 1960s. The focus of movement intellectuals on issues of daily life, their attention to non-class identities, and their preference for practical initiatives are all quintessential elements of the NSMs (New Social Movements). Leading activists' emphasis on self reflexivity also lends credence to an NSM reading of these movements. Nevertheless, the chapter set aside the NSM paradigm for two reasons: firstly, much of what the intellectuals of the movement claimed to be new about their movements actually drew liberally on elements of earlier shimin thought and activism, especially notions of self-help, participation, nation, and community; and, secondly, the new civic movements and their leaders effected changes that NSM theory simply could not explain.Less
The emergence of new civic groups from the 1970s onward is discussed in this chapter. The new civic movements which begun in the 1970s can be understood as a Japanese form of the new social movements so prevalent in industrialized nations since the 1960s. The focus of movement intellectuals on issues of daily life, their attention to non-class identities, and their preference for practical initiatives are all quintessential elements of the NSMs (New Social Movements). Leading activists' emphasis on self reflexivity also lends credence to an NSM reading of these movements. Nevertheless, the chapter set aside the NSM paradigm for two reasons: firstly, much of what the intellectuals of the movement claimed to be new about their movements actually drew liberally on elements of earlier shimin thought and activism, especially notions of self-help, participation, nation, and community; and, secondly, the new civic movements and their leaders effected changes that NSM theory simply could not explain.
Adelyn Lim
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9789888139378
- eISBN:
- 9789888313174
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139378.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This chapter provides an overview of social movements in the socio-cultural, economic, and political context of Hong Kong. It also draws on feminist and social movement scholarship to illustrate how ...
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This chapter provides an overview of social movements in the socio-cultural, economic, and political context of Hong Kong. It also draws on feminist and social movement scholarship to illustrate how the empirical focus on Hong Kong can advance theoretical deliberations on transnational feminism. Constructions of collective identity are fundamental to grievance interpretation in all forms of collective action. However, current debates within feminist scholarship reveal that this alignment between identity and mobilization has only been partially addressed. Identities, within these debates, are conceived as extant before movements, which subsequently make them salient by deploying them strategically for political and social change. On the contrary, social movement scholars argue that collective identity is not only necessary for successful collective action, it is often an end in itself. This chapter argues for feminism as a “collective action frame,” rather than a “collective identity,” so as to facilitate our understanding of how women activists build transnational feminist solidarity. The meanings of feminism that dominate at any particular moment are not given a priori, but rather formed out of negotiation and struggle within and across women's movements. This framing process facilitates the extension of personal identity in movement contexts and generates the collective action frame that inspires and legitimizes women's activism.Less
This chapter provides an overview of social movements in the socio-cultural, economic, and political context of Hong Kong. It also draws on feminist and social movement scholarship to illustrate how the empirical focus on Hong Kong can advance theoretical deliberations on transnational feminism. Constructions of collective identity are fundamental to grievance interpretation in all forms of collective action. However, current debates within feminist scholarship reveal that this alignment between identity and mobilization has only been partially addressed. Identities, within these debates, are conceived as extant before movements, which subsequently make them salient by deploying them strategically for political and social change. On the contrary, social movement scholars argue that collective identity is not only necessary for successful collective action, it is often an end in itself. This chapter argues for feminism as a “collective action frame,” rather than a “collective identity,” so as to facilitate our understanding of how women activists build transnational feminist solidarity. The meanings of feminism that dominate at any particular moment are not given a priori, but rather formed out of negotiation and struggle within and across women's movements. This framing process facilitates the extension of personal identity in movement contexts and generates the collective action frame that inspires and legitimizes women's activism.
Emma Craddock
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781529205701
- eISBN:
- 9781529205749
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529205701.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
This chapter sets the scene by outlining the importance of applying a cultural, affective, feminist approach to studying social movements. The chapter begins by providing an overview of the aftermath ...
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This chapter sets the scene by outlining the importance of applying a cultural, affective, feminist approach to studying social movements. The chapter begins by providing an overview of the aftermath of the financial crisis and introducing austerity. It then identifies the key strands of the book; the affective dimension of political engagement; social movements and emotions; gender and social movement activism. A brief overview of the research project is provided, focusing on the feminist approach to research. This chapter concludes with a chapter outline for the book.Less
This chapter sets the scene by outlining the importance of applying a cultural, affective, feminist approach to studying social movements. The chapter begins by providing an overview of the aftermath of the financial crisis and introducing austerity. It then identifies the key strands of the book; the affective dimension of political engagement; social movements and emotions; gender and social movement activism. A brief overview of the research project is provided, focusing on the feminist approach to research. This chapter concludes with a chapter outline for the book.
David J. Hess
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262035132
- eISBN:
- 9780262336444
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262035132.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This book examines research at the intersection of two literatures—social movement studies and science and technology studies—and it argues that it is now possible to develop a theoretical synthesis ...
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This book examines research at the intersection of two literatures—social movement studies and science and technology studies—and it argues that it is now possible to develop a theoretical synthesis of core concepts. The diversification of social movement studies toward non-state targets and institutionalized repertoires of action coincides with the development of science and technology studies toward expertise and publics. As the two fields have diversified in topical focus, they have grown closer to each other, and the conditions now exist for synthesis. The book focuses on industrial transition movements, which are defined as mobilized counterpublics of activists, advocates, entrepreneurs, and other agents of change who seek fundamentally new approaches in the design of industrial technologies, products, and organizations. Often these movements focus on improving the health implications and sustainability of industrial processes and products. They reveal the problem of undone science, or areas of research that could serve a broad public interest but are systematically ignored topics of study. The book examines several main areas of common ground between the two research fields that are relevant to the study of industrial transition movements, public policy, and undone science: repression, information flow, and ignorance; the epistemic dimensions of the political opportunity structure; the material culture and design aspects of frames and meanings in collective action; the development of unique mobilizing structures associated with counterpublic knowledge; the problem of resistance from industrial regimes and the strategies for overcoming resistance; and historical perspectives on the increasing importance of industrial transition movements.Less
This book examines research at the intersection of two literatures—social movement studies and science and technology studies—and it argues that it is now possible to develop a theoretical synthesis of core concepts. The diversification of social movement studies toward non-state targets and institutionalized repertoires of action coincides with the development of science and technology studies toward expertise and publics. As the two fields have diversified in topical focus, they have grown closer to each other, and the conditions now exist for synthesis. The book focuses on industrial transition movements, which are defined as mobilized counterpublics of activists, advocates, entrepreneurs, and other agents of change who seek fundamentally new approaches in the design of industrial technologies, products, and organizations. Often these movements focus on improving the health implications and sustainability of industrial processes and products. They reveal the problem of undone science, or areas of research that could serve a broad public interest but are systematically ignored topics of study. The book examines several main areas of common ground between the two research fields that are relevant to the study of industrial transition movements, public policy, and undone science: repression, information flow, and ignorance; the epistemic dimensions of the political opportunity structure; the material culture and design aspects of frames and meanings in collective action; the development of unique mobilizing structures associated with counterpublic knowledge; the problem of resistance from industrial regimes and the strategies for overcoming resistance; and historical perspectives on the increasing importance of industrial transition movements.
Paul J. Nelson
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780520283091
- eISBN:
- 9780520958920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520283091.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
An important set of non-governmental organizations from the human rights and international development sectors has adopted a new posture toward economic and social issues, drawing on human rights ...
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An important set of non-governmental organizations from the human rights and international development sectors has adopted a new posture toward economic and social issues, drawing on human rights principles and standards to support social movement efforts to reshape policy on land, health and water supply. This study examines the social movement organizations and international NGOs, in both the international development and human rights sectors, to understand the timing, extent and nature of their engagement with economic, social and cultural rights. Insights from organizational theory and social movement scholarship aid in interpreting and accounting for major changes occurring in the two organizational sectors examined here. The interactions among development and human rights organizations, and between social movements and international NGOs, yields new insight into how human rights claims are being shaped and advanced, and into the dynamics of change in these organizational fields.Less
An important set of non-governmental organizations from the human rights and international development sectors has adopted a new posture toward economic and social issues, drawing on human rights principles and standards to support social movement efforts to reshape policy on land, health and water supply. This study examines the social movement organizations and international NGOs, in both the international development and human rights sectors, to understand the timing, extent and nature of their engagement with economic, social and cultural rights. Insights from organizational theory and social movement scholarship aid in interpreting and accounting for major changes occurring in the two organizational sectors examined here. The interactions among development and human rights organizations, and between social movements and international NGOs, yields new insight into how human rights claims are being shaped and advanced, and into the dynamics of change in these organizational fields.
Marjorie Mayo
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781447343257
- eISBN:
- 9781447343301
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447343257.001.0001
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
The rise of Far Right populism poses major challenges for communities, exacerbating divisions, hate speech and hate crime. This book shows how communities and social justice movements can effectively ...
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The rise of Far Right populism poses major challenges for communities, exacerbating divisions, hate speech and hate crime. This book shows how communities and social justice movements can effectively tackle these issues, working together to mitigate their underlying causes and more immediate manifestations.
Showing that community-based learning is integral to the development of strategies to promote more hopeful rather than more hateful futures, Mayo demonstrates how, through popular education and participatory action research, communities can develop their own understandings of their problems. Using case studies that illustrate education approaches in practice, she shows how communities can engineer democratic forms of social change.Less
The rise of Far Right populism poses major challenges for communities, exacerbating divisions, hate speech and hate crime. This book shows how communities and social justice movements can effectively tackle these issues, working together to mitigate their underlying causes and more immediate manifestations.
Showing that community-based learning is integral to the development of strategies to promote more hopeful rather than more hateful futures, Mayo demonstrates how, through popular education and participatory action research, communities can develop their own understandings of their problems. Using case studies that illustrate education approaches in practice, she shows how communities can engineer democratic forms of social change.
Bruce A Thyer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195387384
- eISBN:
- 9780199932085
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387384.003.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
From the beginnings of professional social work, the discipline defined itself as being a science-based field. Indeed this reliance upon the findings of social and behavioral science was a feature ...
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From the beginnings of professional social work, the discipline defined itself as being a science-based field. Indeed this reliance upon the findings of social and behavioral science was a feature distinguishing professional social work from its charitable, philanthropic, and faith-based predecessors. Beginning in the 1930s, social workers began using simple group research designs to examine the status of clients after they received social work services and participated in programs. Over time, these group research designs became more sophisticated, and permitted summary appraisals of the overall effects of social work. By the middle 1980s, meta-analyses of social work began appearing. Quasi-experiments are capable of answering some very important questions about the outcomes of social work and are the most widely used research methodology being used for this purpose.Less
From the beginnings of professional social work, the discipline defined itself as being a science-based field. Indeed this reliance upon the findings of social and behavioral science was a feature distinguishing professional social work from its charitable, philanthropic, and faith-based predecessors. Beginning in the 1930s, social workers began using simple group research designs to examine the status of clients after they received social work services and participated in programs. Over time, these group research designs became more sophisticated, and permitted summary appraisals of the overall effects of social work. By the middle 1980s, meta-analyses of social work began appearing. Quasi-experiments are capable of answering some very important questions about the outcomes of social work and are the most widely used research methodology being used for this purpose.
Paul-Brian McInerney
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804785129
- eISBN:
- 9780804789066
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804785129.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter explains how social movements can create moral markets out of their activities and the ambivalence that arises out of such outcomes. When social movements create and shape markets, they ...
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This chapter explains how social movements can create moral markets out of their activities and the ambivalence that arises out of such outcomes. When social movements create and shape markets, they attempt to imbue such markets with social values they consider important, such as environmentalism or social justice. But which values eventually take hold? And how? This chapter addresses these questions by explaining three important actions in the creation of markets and movements alike. Establishing worth entails getting actors to recognize the value of one’s endeavors. Organizing creates stable relationships and meanings and channels the efforts of others toward achieving collective goals. Coordination is about figuring out appropriate modes of orientation toward other actors.Less
This chapter explains how social movements can create moral markets out of their activities and the ambivalence that arises out of such outcomes. When social movements create and shape markets, they attempt to imbue such markets with social values they consider important, such as environmentalism or social justice. But which values eventually take hold? And how? This chapter addresses these questions by explaining three important actions in the creation of markets and movements alike. Establishing worth entails getting actors to recognize the value of one’s endeavors. Organizing creates stable relationships and meanings and channels the efforts of others toward achieving collective goals. Coordination is about figuring out appropriate modes of orientation toward other actors.
Adelyn Lim
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9789888139378
- eISBN:
- 9789888313174
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139378.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This chapter reiterates the argument that relations among women activists are constructed, not only on the basis of difference, but on shared understandings and aspirations. Women's movements in Hong ...
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This chapter reiterates the argument that relations among women activists are constructed, not only on the basis of difference, but on shared understandings and aspirations. Women's movements in Hong Kong are embedded in a socio-political environment characterized by fluidity, heterogeneity, and partiality. On one hand, it allows social movements with diverse concerns, interests, and expertise to co-exist. On the other hand, alternative discourses cannot constitute a fully developed, singular ideology. As this environment shifts with the increasing influence of the Beijing government, women's activism may well become less effective, since it is not equipped, in its present form, to operate successfully in a more homogenous environment. Transnational feminist solidarity through transversal politics that is emerging in Hong Kong will prove to be increasingly complex and complicated in the long term. However, this book suggests feminism as a collective action frame through which we might try to sort out the interactions and negotiations among women activists in diverse historical periods and socio-cultural, economic, and political contexts. Transversal politics show us how activists with conflicting ideas and interests are talking across their differences and taking collective action and how understandings and interpretations of feminism are unfolding.Less
This chapter reiterates the argument that relations among women activists are constructed, not only on the basis of difference, but on shared understandings and aspirations. Women's movements in Hong Kong are embedded in a socio-political environment characterized by fluidity, heterogeneity, and partiality. On one hand, it allows social movements with diverse concerns, interests, and expertise to co-exist. On the other hand, alternative discourses cannot constitute a fully developed, singular ideology. As this environment shifts with the increasing influence of the Beijing government, women's activism may well become less effective, since it is not equipped, in its present form, to operate successfully in a more homogenous environment. Transnational feminist solidarity through transversal politics that is emerging in Hong Kong will prove to be increasingly complex and complicated in the long term. However, this book suggests feminism as a collective action frame through which we might try to sort out the interactions and negotiations among women activists in diverse historical periods and socio-cultural, economic, and political contexts. Transversal politics show us how activists with conflicting ideas and interests are talking across their differences and taking collective action and how understandings and interpretations of feminism are unfolding.
della Porta and Caiani Wagemann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199641260
- eISBN:
- 9780191738654
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641260.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Chapter 11 In the conclusions, the authors summarize their main results and reflect on the contributions that social movement studies give to the understanding of the phenomenon, ...
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Chapter 11 In the conclusions, the authors summarize their main results and reflect on the contributions that social movement studies give to the understanding of the phenomenon, as well as, vice-versa, how research on the extreme rights could contribute to the theorization on social movements’ dynamics.Less
Chapter 11 In the conclusions, the authors summarize their main results and reflect on the contributions that social movement studies give to the understanding of the phenomenon, as well as, vice-versa, how research on the extreme rights could contribute to the theorization on social movements’ dynamics.
Dana M. Williams
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526105547
- eISBN:
- 9781526132215
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526105547.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
Modern societies generally contain multiple, varied social movements that contend for influence or power. Anarchist movements share many similar features as mainstream movements, but also have ...
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Modern societies generally contain multiple, varied social movements that contend for influence or power. Anarchist movements share many similar features as mainstream movements, but also have numerous unique characteristics that require additional attention and qualification. It is crucial to transcend the common perceptions of anarchism (typically associated with chaos, violence, and fantasy) and treat it as a movement. This chapter introduces the central issues relevant to the sociological study of anarchist movements. Mario Diani's (1992) well-known definition of a social movement is employed to understand anarchist movements: networks of individuals and organizations, united by some shared identity, that engage in extra-institutional action with the interest of changing society. This definition is used as the starting place for understanding how anarchist movements are similar and different from other movements (in terms of leadership, representation, and autonomy), and the chapter presents an overview of certain attributes of anarchism that will continue for the next two chapters. Anarchism does satisfy all the requisite criteria for being a social movement. Thus, the chapter models the anti-anarchist counter-network (corporations, governments, and media), considers the various levels of analysis that anarchism could be investigated at, and describes the helpful comparisons worth making to better understand anarchist movements.Less
Modern societies generally contain multiple, varied social movements that contend for influence or power. Anarchist movements share many similar features as mainstream movements, but also have numerous unique characteristics that require additional attention and qualification. It is crucial to transcend the common perceptions of anarchism (typically associated with chaos, violence, and fantasy) and treat it as a movement. This chapter introduces the central issues relevant to the sociological study of anarchist movements. Mario Diani's (1992) well-known definition of a social movement is employed to understand anarchist movements: networks of individuals and organizations, united by some shared identity, that engage in extra-institutional action with the interest of changing society. This definition is used as the starting place for understanding how anarchist movements are similar and different from other movements (in terms of leadership, representation, and autonomy), and the chapter presents an overview of certain attributes of anarchism that will continue for the next two chapters. Anarchism does satisfy all the requisite criteria for being a social movement. Thus, the chapter models the anti-anarchist counter-network (corporations, governments, and media), considers the various levels of analysis that anarchism could be investigated at, and describes the helpful comparisons worth making to better understand anarchist movements.
Kent Greenawalt
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195094190
- eISBN:
- 9780199853021
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195094190.003.0015
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter deals with the involvement of religious groups in politics. The topic bears a close relation to the previous chapter; what religious groups should do politically depends partly on what ...
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This chapter deals with the involvement of religious groups in politics. The topic bears a close relation to the previous chapter; what religious groups should do politically depends partly on what should count as good reasons for officials and citizens to make up their minds. Of special relevance are conclusions that citizens are properly influenced by religious and other comprehensive views and that legislators properly take such judgments of citizens into account. The chapter seeks to answer the questions surrounding religion and politics.Less
This chapter deals with the involvement of religious groups in politics. The topic bears a close relation to the previous chapter; what religious groups should do politically depends partly on what should count as good reasons for officials and citizens to make up their minds. Of special relevance are conclusions that citizens are properly influenced by religious and other comprehensive views and that legislators properly take such judgments of citizens into account. The chapter seeks to answer the questions surrounding religion and politics.
Shannon Elizabeth Bell
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262034340
- eISBN:
- 9780262333597
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034340.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
In Fighting King Coal, Shannon Elizabeth Bell examines an understudied puzzle within social movement theory: why so few of the vast number of people who suffer from industry-produced environmental ...
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In Fighting King Coal, Shannon Elizabeth Bell examines an understudied puzzle within social movement theory: why so few of the vast number of people who suffer from industry-produced environmental hazards and pollution rise up to participate in social movements aimed at bringing about environmental justice and industry accountability. Bell investigates the challenges of micromobilization through a case study of the coalfields of Central Appalachia, where mountaintop removal mining and coal industry-related flooding, sickness, and water contamination have led to the emergence of a grassroots environmental justice movement that is demanding protection from and accountability for the destruction and pollution in coalfield communities. The coal industry’s impact on communities has been far-reaching; however, recruiting new local residents to join the environmental justice movement has proven to be an ongoing challenge. Drawing on in-depth interviews, participant observation, content analysis, geospatial viewshed analysis, and an eight-month “Photovoice” project, Bell uncovers numerous factors contributing to the low numbers of local environmental justice activists, including depleted social capital, the coal-related hegemonic masculinity of the region, the coal industry’s cultural manipulation efforts, the fact that much of the mining activity is hidden, the power of local elite, and the changing face of the environmental justice movement. Through the Photovoice project, Bell reveals the importance of identities to the success or failure of local recruitment efforts in social movement struggles, ultimately arguing that if the local identities of environmental justice movements are lost, they may also lose their power.Less
In Fighting King Coal, Shannon Elizabeth Bell examines an understudied puzzle within social movement theory: why so few of the vast number of people who suffer from industry-produced environmental hazards and pollution rise up to participate in social movements aimed at bringing about environmental justice and industry accountability. Bell investigates the challenges of micromobilization through a case study of the coalfields of Central Appalachia, where mountaintop removal mining and coal industry-related flooding, sickness, and water contamination have led to the emergence of a grassroots environmental justice movement that is demanding protection from and accountability for the destruction and pollution in coalfield communities. The coal industry’s impact on communities has been far-reaching; however, recruiting new local residents to join the environmental justice movement has proven to be an ongoing challenge. Drawing on in-depth interviews, participant observation, content analysis, geospatial viewshed analysis, and an eight-month “Photovoice” project, Bell uncovers numerous factors contributing to the low numbers of local environmental justice activists, including depleted social capital, the coal-related hegemonic masculinity of the region, the coal industry’s cultural manipulation efforts, the fact that much of the mining activity is hidden, the power of local elite, and the changing face of the environmental justice movement. Through the Photovoice project, Bell reveals the importance of identities to the success or failure of local recruitment efforts in social movement struggles, ultimately arguing that if the local identities of environmental justice movements are lost, they may also lose their power.
Paul-Brian McInerney
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804785129
- eISBN:
- 9780804789066
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804785129.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter discusses the inauspicious roots of the Circuit Rider movement, explaining how early adherents mobilized others by convincing them of the worth of information technology in the nonprofit ...
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This chapter discusses the inauspicious roots of the Circuit Rider movement, explaining how early adherents mobilized others by convincing them of the worth of information technology in the nonprofit sector. Mobilization was accomplished through the development and articulation of accounts, i.e., stories about the role of information technology for social change and how to deliver it to nonprofit and grassroots organizations. The movement grew as the Circuit Rider model became established as the movement began to develop a collective identity to mobilize new adherents. As the movement grew, the collective identity expanded to include new actors, who did not meet the original criteria for Circuit Riders. This created a collective identity problem for them as they attempted to balance the need to grow with the need to maintain an authentic definition of their movement. This chapter shows how social movements’ appeals to idealism enable mobilization while constraining future movement activities.Less
This chapter discusses the inauspicious roots of the Circuit Rider movement, explaining how early adherents mobilized others by convincing them of the worth of information technology in the nonprofit sector. Mobilization was accomplished through the development and articulation of accounts, i.e., stories about the role of information technology for social change and how to deliver it to nonprofit and grassroots organizations. The movement grew as the Circuit Rider model became established as the movement began to develop a collective identity to mobilize new adherents. As the movement grew, the collective identity expanded to include new actors, who did not meet the original criteria for Circuit Riders. This created a collective identity problem for them as they attempted to balance the need to grow with the need to maintain an authentic definition of their movement. This chapter shows how social movements’ appeals to idealism enable mobilization while constraining future movement activities.
Paul-Brian McInerney
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804785129
- eISBN:
- 9780804789066
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804785129.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter draws conclusions about the relationship between social movements and markets, while exploring the practical consequences of the Circuit Riders and nonprofit technology assistance ...
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This chapter draws conclusions about the relationship between social movements and markets, while exploring the practical consequences of the Circuit Riders and nonprofit technology assistance organizations. Theoretically, this chapter explains the process by which accounts become conventions, or soft institutions. In the soft institutions stage, conventions are more easily challenged by alternative accounts. The result is contention in organizational fields over the “rules of the game.” Such contention is resolved when actors in the field accept a set of “rules” as appropriate. For moral markets, the “rules of the game” or institutions, are developed through these processes of contention. This chapter outlines how contention over institutions, especially battles over moral legitimacy, imbues markets with moral codes as well as rules of social action. Practically, this chapter demonstrates the positive and negative outcomes of the transformation of the Circuit Riders into a market for technology assistance in the nonprofit sector.Less
This chapter draws conclusions about the relationship between social movements and markets, while exploring the practical consequences of the Circuit Riders and nonprofit technology assistance organizations. Theoretically, this chapter explains the process by which accounts become conventions, or soft institutions. In the soft institutions stage, conventions are more easily challenged by alternative accounts. The result is contention in organizational fields over the “rules of the game.” Such contention is resolved when actors in the field accept a set of “rules” as appropriate. For moral markets, the “rules of the game” or institutions, are developed through these processes of contention. This chapter outlines how contention over institutions, especially battles over moral legitimacy, imbues markets with moral codes as well as rules of social action. Practically, this chapter demonstrates the positive and negative outcomes of the transformation of the Circuit Riders into a market for technology assistance in the nonprofit sector.
