Carole Holohan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786941237
- eISBN:
- 9781789629279
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786941237.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Reframing Irish Youth in the Sixties focuses on the position of youth in the Republic of Ireland at a time when the meaning of youth was changing internationally. It argues that the reformulation of ...
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Reframing Irish Youth in the Sixties focuses on the position of youth in the Republic of Ireland at a time when the meaning of youth was changing internationally. It argues that the reformulation of youth as a social category was a key element of social change. While emigration was the key youth issue of the 1950s, in this period young people became a pivotal point around which a new national project of economic growth hinged. Transnational ideas and international models increasingly framed Irish attitudes to young people’s education, welfare and employment. At the same time Irish youths were participants in a transnational youth culture that appeared to challenge the status quo. This book examines the attitudes of those in government, the media, in civil society organisations and religious bodies to youth and young people, addressing new manifestations of youth culture and new developments in youth welfare work. In using youth as a lens, this book takes an innovative approach that enables a multi-faceted examination of the sixties, providing fresh perspectives on key social changes and cultural continuities.Less
Reframing Irish Youth in the Sixties focuses on the position of youth in the Republic of Ireland at a time when the meaning of youth was changing internationally. It argues that the reformulation of youth as a social category was a key element of social change. While emigration was the key youth issue of the 1950s, in this period young people became a pivotal point around which a new national project of economic growth hinged. Transnational ideas and international models increasingly framed Irish attitudes to young people’s education, welfare and employment. At the same time Irish youths were participants in a transnational youth culture that appeared to challenge the status quo. This book examines the attitudes of those in government, the media, in civil society organisations and religious bodies to youth and young people, addressing new manifestations of youth culture and new developments in youth welfare work. In using youth as a lens, this book takes an innovative approach that enables a multi-faceted examination of the sixties, providing fresh perspectives on key social changes and cultural continuities.
Celia Hughes
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719091940
- eISBN:
- 9781781708989
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091940.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Young Lives on the Left is a unique social history of the individual lives of men and women who came of age in radical left circles in the 1960s. Based on a rich collection of oral history ...
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Young Lives on the Left is a unique social history of the individual lives of men and women who came of age in radical left circles in the 1960s. Based on a rich collection of oral history interviews, the book follows in-depth approximately twenty individuals, tracing the experience of activist self-making from child to adulthood. Their voices tell a particular story about the shaping of the English post-war self. Championing the oppressed in struggle, the young activists who developed the personal politics of the early 1970s grew up in a post-war society which offered an ever-increasing range of possibilities for constructing and experiencing the self. Yet, for many of these men and women the inadequacy of the social, political and cultural constructions available for social identity propelled their journeys on the left. The creation of new left spaces represented the quest for a construction of self that could accommodate the range of contradictions concerning class, gender, religion, race and sexuality that young activists experienced growing up in the post-war landscape. An important contribution to the global histories of 1968, the book explores untold stories of English activist life, examining how political experiences, social attitudes and behaviour of this group of social actors (as teenagers, apprentices and undergraduates) were shaped in the changing social, educational and cultural landscape of post-war English society. The final chapters include attention to the social and emotional impact of Women’s Liberation on the left, as told from the perspective of women and men inside the early movement.Less
Young Lives on the Left is a unique social history of the individual lives of men and women who came of age in radical left circles in the 1960s. Based on a rich collection of oral history interviews, the book follows in-depth approximately twenty individuals, tracing the experience of activist self-making from child to adulthood. Their voices tell a particular story about the shaping of the English post-war self. Championing the oppressed in struggle, the young activists who developed the personal politics of the early 1970s grew up in a post-war society which offered an ever-increasing range of possibilities for constructing and experiencing the self. Yet, for many of these men and women the inadequacy of the social, political and cultural constructions available for social identity propelled their journeys on the left. The creation of new left spaces represented the quest for a construction of self that could accommodate the range of contradictions concerning class, gender, religion, race and sexuality that young activists experienced growing up in the post-war landscape. An important contribution to the global histories of 1968, the book explores untold stories of English activist life, examining how political experiences, social attitudes and behaviour of this group of social actors (as teenagers, apprentices and undergraduates) were shaped in the changing social, educational and cultural landscape of post-war English society. The final chapters include attention to the social and emotional impact of Women’s Liberation on the left, as told from the perspective of women and men inside the early movement.
Des O’Rawe
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099663
- eISBN:
- 9781526104137
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099663.003.0006
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter focuses on the work of Jean-Luc Godard during 1968, and examines his interest in the radical potential of a new alliance or cultural front involving cinema and other contemporary visual ...
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This chapter focuses on the work of Jean-Luc Godard during 1968, and examines his interest in the radical potential of a new alliance or cultural front involving cinema and other contemporary visual art forms. Godard's projects during this period – especially, his film maudit, One Plus One – are characterised by a series of investigations into, and subversions of, the conventions of the documentary, especially in relation to television journalism and news coverage, where an increasingly stylised form of reportage-realism articulated the mass media's antagonism towards the cause of the students, strikers, and activists.Less
This chapter focuses on the work of Jean-Luc Godard during 1968, and examines his interest in the radical potential of a new alliance or cultural front involving cinema and other contemporary visual art forms. Godard's projects during this period – especially, his film maudit, One Plus One – are characterised by a series of investigations into, and subversions of, the conventions of the documentary, especially in relation to television journalism and news coverage, where an increasingly stylised form of reportage-realism articulated the mass media's antagonism towards the cause of the students, strikers, and activists.
Des O’Rawe
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099663
- eISBN:
- 9781526104137
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099663.003.0008
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter discusses Hiroshi Teshigahara's documentaries, especially his 1985 film, Antonio Gaudí. The chapter examines how that film elucidates instances of convergence between documentary ...
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This chapter discusses Hiroshi Teshigahara's documentaries, especially his 1985 film, Antonio Gaudí. The chapter examines how that film elucidates instances of convergence between documentary filmmaking and architecture. Although Teshigahara's Woman in the Dunes (1964) secured his international reputation as a major figure of the Japanese New Wave, filmmaking only constituted one facet of his artistic activities, and he was – like his father, the head of the famed Sōgetsu School in Tokyo – an accomplished sculptor, ceramist, calligrapher, and landscape designer. In making a film devoted to Gaudí's work, the chapter argues that Teshigahara was not only exploring the curious affinity between Japanese ikebana (floral art) and Catalan moderisme, but he was also elaborating an aesthetics of documentary deeply influenced by other visual arts.Less
This chapter discusses Hiroshi Teshigahara's documentaries, especially his 1985 film, Antonio Gaudí. The chapter examines how that film elucidates instances of convergence between documentary filmmaking and architecture. Although Teshigahara's Woman in the Dunes (1964) secured his international reputation as a major figure of the Japanese New Wave, filmmaking only constituted one facet of his artistic activities, and he was – like his father, the head of the famed Sōgetsu School in Tokyo – an accomplished sculptor, ceramist, calligrapher, and landscape designer. In making a film devoted to Gaudí's work, the chapter argues that Teshigahara was not only exploring the curious affinity between Japanese ikebana (floral art) and Catalan moderisme, but he was also elaborating an aesthetics of documentary deeply influenced by other visual arts.
George F. Flaherty
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520291065
- eISBN:
- 9780520964938
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520291065.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
In 1968 a street and media-savvy democratization movement led by students emerged in Mexico City. The 68 Movement was targeted in a state-sponsored massacre at a massive new housing complex ten days ...
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In 1968 a street and media-savvy democratization movement led by students emerged in Mexico City. The 68 Movement was targeted in a state-sponsored massacre at a massive new housing complex ten days before the city hosted the Olympic Games. Both the complex and the mega event were symbols of the country’s rapid modernization but also decades-long political disenfranchisement and urban redevelopment that rendered citizens “guests” of the government and its allies. In spite of institutional denial, censorship and impunity, the massacre remains a touchstone in contemporary public culture thanks to the public memory work of survivors and narrators among Mexico’s intelligentsia. Hotel Mexico asks: How was urban space—material but also literary and cinematic—harnessed as a recalcitrant archive of 1968 and continues to serve as a framework for de facto modes of justice. The 68 Movement’s imaginary and tactics are interwoven and compared with other efforts, both official and countercultural, to reevaluate or renew Mexico’s post-revolutionary modernity: in architecture, urbanism, literature, visual arts, and film—among them, Mario Pani’s housing complex Nonoalco-Tlatelolco (1958–64), kinetic environments created for the 1968 Olympics, and David Alfaro Siqueiros last major mural, The March of Humanity (1964–71).Less
In 1968 a street and media-savvy democratization movement led by students emerged in Mexico City. The 68 Movement was targeted in a state-sponsored massacre at a massive new housing complex ten days before the city hosted the Olympic Games. Both the complex and the mega event were symbols of the country’s rapid modernization but also decades-long political disenfranchisement and urban redevelopment that rendered citizens “guests” of the government and its allies. In spite of institutional denial, censorship and impunity, the massacre remains a touchstone in contemporary public culture thanks to the public memory work of survivors and narrators among Mexico’s intelligentsia. Hotel Mexico asks: How was urban space—material but also literary and cinematic—harnessed as a recalcitrant archive of 1968 and continues to serve as a framework for de facto modes of justice. The 68 Movement’s imaginary and tactics are interwoven and compared with other efforts, both official and countercultural, to reevaluate or renew Mexico’s post-revolutionary modernity: in architecture, urbanism, literature, visual arts, and film—among them, Mario Pani’s housing complex Nonoalco-Tlatelolco (1958–64), kinetic environments created for the 1968 Olympics, and David Alfaro Siqueiros last major mural, The March of Humanity (1964–71).
Judy Kutulas
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469632919
- eISBN:
- 9781469632933
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469632919.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book looks at how the lives of everyday Americans changed because of the civil rights movement, the sexual revolution, the women’s movement, the counterculture and other “revolutionary” Sixties ...
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This book looks at how the lives of everyday Americans changed because of the civil rights movement, the sexual revolution, the women’s movement, the counterculture and other “revolutionary” Sixties movements. Its chapters focus on the mainstreaming of new values and ideas through television, journalism, music, and clothing.Less
This book looks at how the lives of everyday Americans changed because of the civil rights movement, the sexual revolution, the women’s movement, the counterculture and other “revolutionary” Sixties movements. Its chapters focus on the mainstreaming of new values and ideas through television, journalism, music, and clothing.
Carole Holohan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786941237
- eISBN:
- 9781789629279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786941237.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The introduction situates the study within the existing international and national historiographies of the postwar period, the sixties and youth. It indicates the way in which the social category of ...
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The introduction situates the study within the existing international and national historiographies of the postwar period, the sixties and youth. It indicates the way in which the social category of youth will be used as a lens through which social change and modernization in the Republic of Ireland can be more clearly understood.Less
The introduction situates the study within the existing international and national historiographies of the postwar period, the sixties and youth. It indicates the way in which the social category of youth will be used as a lens through which social change and modernization in the Republic of Ireland can be more clearly understood.
Carole Holohan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786941237
- eISBN:
- 9781789629279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786941237.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This study shows that in the post war era the political establishment had been slow to introduce economic and educational expansion, while high levels of youth emigration and rising participation ...
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This study shows that in the post war era the political establishment had been slow to introduce economic and educational expansion, while high levels of youth emigration and rising participation rates in second level education reflected an evolution of expectations from below. It confirms the extensive continuities that prevailed in Irish society, in its politics and values in particular. Hierarchies of power were retained in many areas: middle class youths gained most from structural change; conservative values were slow to change as was the nature of social services; party politics remained as it was. The approach of this study encourages a broader focus when it comes to social change. Examining youth culture, as well as the interaction of religious and civic bodies with international models in youth work, reveals how studies of popular culture and civil society are key conduits in analyses of societal change. It also prevents easy assumptions about Ireland always lagging behind, catching up with or imitating its neighbours in the West. This was true in certain areas, but Irish governments, churches and civil society organisations were often engaged with forums where new ideas about the economy and social services were just being developed. International models would face adaptation of different kinds in different societies.Less
This study shows that in the post war era the political establishment had been slow to introduce economic and educational expansion, while high levels of youth emigration and rising participation rates in second level education reflected an evolution of expectations from below. It confirms the extensive continuities that prevailed in Irish society, in its politics and values in particular. Hierarchies of power were retained in many areas: middle class youths gained most from structural change; conservative values were slow to change as was the nature of social services; party politics remained as it was. The approach of this study encourages a broader focus when it comes to social change. Examining youth culture, as well as the interaction of religious and civic bodies with international models in youth work, reveals how studies of popular culture and civil society are key conduits in analyses of societal change. It also prevents easy assumptions about Ireland always lagging behind, catching up with or imitating its neighbours in the West. This was true in certain areas, but Irish governments, churches and civil society organisations were often engaged with forums where new ideas about the economy and social services were just being developed. International models would face adaptation of different kinds in different societies.
Sam Brewitt-Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198827009
- eISBN:
- 9780191865954
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198827009.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion, British and Irish Modern History
Like all transformative revolutions, Britain’s Sixties was an episode of highly influential myth-making. This book delves behind the mythology of inexorable ‘secularization’ to recover, for the first ...
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Like all transformative revolutions, Britain’s Sixties was an episode of highly influential myth-making. This book delves behind the mythology of inexorable ‘secularization’ to recover, for the first time, the cultural origins of Britain’s moral revolution. In a radical departure from conventional teleologies, it argues that British secularity is a specific cultural invention of the late 1950s and early 1960s, which was introduced most influentially by radical utopian Christians during this most desperate episode of the Cold War. In the 1950s, Britain’s predominantly Christian moral culture had marginalized ‘secular’ moral arguments by arguing that they created societies like the Soviet Union; but the rapid acceptance of ‘secularization’ teleologies in the early 1960s abruptly normalized ‘secular’ attitudes and behaviours, thus prompting the slow social revolution that unfolded during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. By tracing the evolving thought of radical Anglicans—uniquely positioned in the late 1950s and early 1960s as simultaneously moral radicals and authoritative moral insiders—this book reveals crucial and unexpected intellectual links between radical Christianity and the wider invention of Britain’s new secular morality, in areas as diverse as globalism, anti-authoritarianism, sexual liberation, and revolutionary egalitarianism. From the mid-1960s, British secularity began to be developed by a much wider range of groups, and radical Anglicans faded into the cultural background. Yet by disseminating the deeply ideological metanarrative of ‘secularization’ in the early 1960s, and by influentially discussing its implications, they had made crucial contributions to the nature and existence of Britain’s secular revolution.Less
Like all transformative revolutions, Britain’s Sixties was an episode of highly influential myth-making. This book delves behind the mythology of inexorable ‘secularization’ to recover, for the first time, the cultural origins of Britain’s moral revolution. In a radical departure from conventional teleologies, it argues that British secularity is a specific cultural invention of the late 1950s and early 1960s, which was introduced most influentially by radical utopian Christians during this most desperate episode of the Cold War. In the 1950s, Britain’s predominantly Christian moral culture had marginalized ‘secular’ moral arguments by arguing that they created societies like the Soviet Union; but the rapid acceptance of ‘secularization’ teleologies in the early 1960s abruptly normalized ‘secular’ attitudes and behaviours, thus prompting the slow social revolution that unfolded during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. By tracing the evolving thought of radical Anglicans—uniquely positioned in the late 1950s and early 1960s as simultaneously moral radicals and authoritative moral insiders—this book reveals crucial and unexpected intellectual links between radical Christianity and the wider invention of Britain’s new secular morality, in areas as diverse as globalism, anti-authoritarianism, sexual liberation, and revolutionary egalitarianism. From the mid-1960s, British secularity began to be developed by a much wider range of groups, and radical Anglicans faded into the cultural background. Yet by disseminating the deeply ideological metanarrative of ‘secularization’ in the early 1960s, and by influentially discussing its implications, they had made crucial contributions to the nature and existence of Britain’s secular revolution.
Tamar W. Carroll
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469619880
- eISBN:
- 9781469619903
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469619880.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter explains how federally funded community organizing programs directed Williamsburg-Greenpoint residents' anger against the city government, allowing the neighborhood to evade the violent ...
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This chapter explains how federally funded community organizing programs directed Williamsburg-Greenpoint residents' anger against the city government, allowing the neighborhood to evade the violent white racial backlash against the school busing that broke out in nearby Canarsie in 1972. Building on this mobilization and using War on Poverty funds, MYF social worker Jan Peterson worked closely with a group of Italian American women to open the neighborhood's first day care and senior citizens' center—Small World Day Care and the Swinging Sixties Senior Center. The two became a contentious project opposed by many male leaders in the neighborhood—one that drew women to join the National Congress of Neighborhood Women (NCNW), which Peterson founded in Brooklyn in 1974.Less
This chapter explains how federally funded community organizing programs directed Williamsburg-Greenpoint residents' anger against the city government, allowing the neighborhood to evade the violent white racial backlash against the school busing that broke out in nearby Canarsie in 1972. Building on this mobilization and using War on Poverty funds, MYF social worker Jan Peterson worked closely with a group of Italian American women to open the neighborhood's first day care and senior citizens' center—Small World Day Care and the Swinging Sixties Senior Center. The two became a contentious project opposed by many male leaders in the neighborhood—one that drew women to join the National Congress of Neighborhood Women (NCNW), which Peterson founded in Brooklyn in 1974.
Christopher D. Stone
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199936151
- eISBN:
- 9780190204662
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199936151.003.0011
- Subject:
- Music, Popular, History, American
American filmmakers have used the rich musical legacy of the 1960s to help frame, historicize, and market the “Celluloid Sixties,” the Sixties as imagined, interpreted, and invoked by filmmakers. ...
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American filmmakers have used the rich musical legacy of the 1960s to help frame, historicize, and market the “Celluloid Sixties,” the Sixties as imagined, interpreted, and invoked by filmmakers. This chapter considers how films from a politically pregnant subset, the “Sixties Postscript,” examine the meaning of the Sixties in the present. The most famous entry is The Big Chill (1983), which many scholars argue embodies Hollywood’s contempt for the Sixties and its embrace of Reaganism; it is an anomaly, not an archetype. Whereas The Big Chill cast the Sixties as a past that could be remembered, but not revived, Rude Awakening (1989), Flashback (1990), and Pump Up the Volume (1990) posited the Sixties as an endlessly renewable source of inspiration. These films do not use music simply to imbue nostalgia. They use nostalgia about the Sixties—its music, politics, and promise—to express discontent with the present and to promote the revival of the hopes and dreams associated with the Sixties.Less
American filmmakers have used the rich musical legacy of the 1960s to help frame, historicize, and market the “Celluloid Sixties,” the Sixties as imagined, interpreted, and invoked by filmmakers. This chapter considers how films from a politically pregnant subset, the “Sixties Postscript,” examine the meaning of the Sixties in the present. The most famous entry is The Big Chill (1983), which many scholars argue embodies Hollywood’s contempt for the Sixties and its embrace of Reaganism; it is an anomaly, not an archetype. Whereas The Big Chill cast the Sixties as a past that could be remembered, but not revived, Rude Awakening (1989), Flashback (1990), and Pump Up the Volume (1990) posited the Sixties as an endlessly renewable source of inspiration. These films do not use music simply to imbue nostalgia. They use nostalgia about the Sixties—its music, politics, and promise—to express discontent with the present and to promote the revival of the hopes and dreams associated with the Sixties.
Phil Ford
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199939916
- eISBN:
- 9780199354467
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199939916.003.0005
- Subject:
- Music, Popular, History, American
Chapter 4 considers the hip sensibility as it enjoyed its breakout success in the 1960s. While chapter 2 considers the early Cold War style of hip intellectualism—ironic, skeptical, literary, ...
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Chapter 4 considers the hip sensibility as it enjoyed its breakout success in the 1960s. While chapter 2 considers the early Cold War style of hip intellectualism—ironic, skeptical, literary, disaffiliative, and colored by the era's general dislike of the mass—chapter 4 describes how it changed within a mass counterculture. While the earlier generation sought a complicated reconciliation of meaning and sensory presence, the later one sought a purer presence in which meaning might dissolve altogether. This succession of moods within the hip sensibility registers on three exemplary pieces of music, each separated from the others by about a decade: Charlie Parker's “Ornithology,” Ken Nordine's “Sound Museum,” and Bob Dylan's “Ballad of a Thin Man.”Less
Chapter 4 considers the hip sensibility as it enjoyed its breakout success in the 1960s. While chapter 2 considers the early Cold War style of hip intellectualism—ironic, skeptical, literary, disaffiliative, and colored by the era's general dislike of the mass—chapter 4 describes how it changed within a mass counterculture. While the earlier generation sought a complicated reconciliation of meaning and sensory presence, the later one sought a purer presence in which meaning might dissolve altogether. This succession of moods within the hip sensibility registers on three exemplary pieces of music, each separated from the others by about a decade: Charlie Parker's “Ornithology,” Ken Nordine's “Sound Museum,” and Bob Dylan's “Ballad of a Thin Man.”
Catherine J. Golden
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780813062297
- eISBN:
- 9780813053189
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813062297.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
By the mid-nineteenth century, the aesthetics of the Victorian illustrated book were changing. The public desired artistic book illustration that could simulate the lifelike quality of photography. ...
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By the mid-nineteenth century, the aesthetics of the Victorian illustrated book were changing. The public desired artistic book illustration that could simulate the lifelike quality of photography. “Realism, Victorian Material Culture, and the Enduring Caricature Tradition” frames the realistic school of illustration, commonly referred to as the Sixties, with the Great Exhibition of 1851; this first ever world’s fair of culture and industry stimulated production of beautiful objects, including books with decorative bindings, culminating in a richly illustrated exhibition catalogue in a representational style (also referred to as realism or naturalism) in vogue from the 1850s–1870s. Foremost, this chapter examines how the creative vision of the caricaturists underpins the achievement of some Sixties artists, notably Fred Barnard and J. (James) Mahoney, who fleshed out inventive caricature designs to suit popular taste for the Household Edition of Dickens’s works. We witness this same kind of revision of the caricature tradition in Alice in Wonderland (1865). To appeal to middle-class consumers of the 1860s, John Tenniel refashioned Carroll’s caricature-style illustrations by adding domestic interiors and landscape details, realistically recreating Carroll’s social caricatures.Less
By the mid-nineteenth century, the aesthetics of the Victorian illustrated book were changing. The public desired artistic book illustration that could simulate the lifelike quality of photography. “Realism, Victorian Material Culture, and the Enduring Caricature Tradition” frames the realistic school of illustration, commonly referred to as the Sixties, with the Great Exhibition of 1851; this first ever world’s fair of culture and industry stimulated production of beautiful objects, including books with decorative bindings, culminating in a richly illustrated exhibition catalogue in a representational style (also referred to as realism or naturalism) in vogue from the 1850s–1870s. Foremost, this chapter examines how the creative vision of the caricaturists underpins the achievement of some Sixties artists, notably Fred Barnard and J. (James) Mahoney, who fleshed out inventive caricature designs to suit popular taste for the Household Edition of Dickens’s works. We witness this same kind of revision of the caricature tradition in Alice in Wonderland (1865). To appeal to middle-class consumers of the 1860s, John Tenniel refashioned Carroll’s caricature-style illustrations by adding domestic interiors and landscape details, realistically recreating Carroll’s social caricatures.
Ashley Lavelle
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719088162
- eISBN:
- 9781781706169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088162.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The decade of the 1960s was one of heightened radical political activity in crucial centres of capital accumulation. The Vietnam war, in particular, provided the impetus for the explosion of ...
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The decade of the 1960s was one of heightened radical political activity in crucial centres of capital accumulation. The Vietnam war, in particular, provided the impetus for the explosion of anti-capitalist campaigns across the western world. The period saw the emergence of a ‘new left’, whose ideology centred around personal liberation, participatory democracy, anti-racism and anti-sexism, direct action, community decision-making, and environmentalism. The ‘60s have taken on political connotations unlike any other decade; future periods would be measured against those tumultuous years, and political actors would later be judged on their attitude to the ‘60s. The period, alas, is almost as well known for the number of castaways it spawned when the period of radicalism came to an end in the 1970s, and this chapter discusses some examples of these.Less
The decade of the 1960s was one of heightened radical political activity in crucial centres of capital accumulation. The Vietnam war, in particular, provided the impetus for the explosion of anti-capitalist campaigns across the western world. The period saw the emergence of a ‘new left’, whose ideology centred around personal liberation, participatory democracy, anti-racism and anti-sexism, direct action, community decision-making, and environmentalism. The ‘60s have taken on political connotations unlike any other decade; future periods would be measured against those tumultuous years, and political actors would later be judged on their attitude to the ‘60s. The period, alas, is almost as well known for the number of castaways it spawned when the period of radicalism came to an end in the 1970s, and this chapter discusses some examples of these.
Ashley Lavelle
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719088162
- eISBN:
- 9781781706169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088162.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
After the 1960s rebellions, hope and resistance soon gave way to despair and retreat: the eclipse of this radical period in the US was characterised by downturns in levels of political activity, ...
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After the 1960s rebellions, hope and resistance soon gave way to despair and retreat: the eclipse of this radical period in the US was characterised by downturns in levels of political activity, splits within organisations such as the SDS, mass state repression targeted at the Black Panthers and others, and, most crucially, a steep decline in class struggle. Tom Hayden recalled the ‘death upon death’ inflicted on the left. Hirschman, writing just ten years after 1968, noted the extraordinarily abrupt shift in sentiment. This chapter discusses the relationship between political defeat and renegacy among sixties radicals.Less
After the 1960s rebellions, hope and resistance soon gave way to despair and retreat: the eclipse of this radical period in the US was characterised by downturns in levels of political activity, splits within organisations such as the SDS, mass state repression targeted at the Black Panthers and others, and, most crucially, a steep decline in class struggle. Tom Hayden recalled the ‘death upon death’ inflicted on the left. Hirschman, writing just ten years after 1968, noted the extraordinarily abrupt shift in sentiment. This chapter discusses the relationship between political defeat and renegacy among sixties radicals.
Ashley Lavelle
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719088162
- eISBN:
- 9781781706169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088162.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The radical and renegade may not always be the indivisible species they first appear to be. A closer inspection of the radical's politics can reveal important continuities through the years, or at ...
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The radical and renegade may not always be the indivisible species they first appear to be. A closer inspection of the radical's politics can reveal important continuities through the years, or at least flaws in their politics that could conceivably explain their affinity with conservatism, if not their apostasy. In other cases perhaps the radicalism of the individual in question is simply overstated. This chapter discusses the connection between renegacy and flawed radical politics among sixties activists.Less
The radical and renegade may not always be the indivisible species they first appear to be. A closer inspection of the radical's politics can reveal important continuities through the years, or at least flaws in their politics that could conceivably explain their affinity with conservatism, if not their apostasy. In other cases perhaps the radicalism of the individual in question is simply overstated. This chapter discusses the connection between renegacy and flawed radical politics among sixties activists.
Ashley Lavelle
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719088162
- eISBN:
- 9781781706169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088162.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Perhaps one explanation for evidence – cited in earlier chapters – of radicals with similar politics setting off in completely different directions is corruption: that radicals are seduced by the ...
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Perhaps one explanation for evidence – cited in earlier chapters – of radicals with similar politics setting off in completely different directions is corruption: that radicals are seduced by the temptations of money and power, which tend to grow during ebbs in movements and when pressures to conform increase. The most notorious of political apostates are those who deliberately attempt to fashion a career from their conversions. It may be that the apostate is simply a venal character more opportunistic than most. This chapter discusses the relationship between political betrayal and selling out for financial-power rewards.Less
Perhaps one explanation for evidence – cited in earlier chapters – of radicals with similar politics setting off in completely different directions is corruption: that radicals are seduced by the temptations of money and power, which tend to grow during ebbs in movements and when pressures to conform increase. The most notorious of political apostates are those who deliberately attempt to fashion a career from their conversions. It may be that the apostate is simply a venal character more opportunistic than most. This chapter discusses the relationship between political betrayal and selling out for financial-power rewards.
Ashley Lavelle
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719088162
- eISBN:
- 9781781706169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088162.003.0014
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Among the renegades who embraced a wide range of movements and causes – in some instances, so many that the break with radicalism appears as just one step in a long series – probably the most ...
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Among the renegades who embraced a wide range of movements and causes – in some instances, so many that the break with radicalism appears as just one step in a long series – probably the most egregious is Arthur Koestler, the Hungarian born communist and novelist who became an equally dedicated anti-communist. His biographer Cesarani has warned of the need to exercise caution in relation to Koestler's own self-serving interpretation of his life. This chapter surveys the evidence for a psychological motivation for the renegacy of Koestler and numerous other renegades.Less
Among the renegades who embraced a wide range of movements and causes – in some instances, so many that the break with radicalism appears as just one step in a long series – probably the most egregious is Arthur Koestler, the Hungarian born communist and novelist who became an equally dedicated anti-communist. His biographer Cesarani has warned of the need to exercise caution in relation to Koestler's own self-serving interpretation of his life. This chapter surveys the evidence for a psychological motivation for the renegacy of Koestler and numerous other renegades.
Teishan A. Latner
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469635460
- eISBN:
- 9781469635484
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635460.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Chapter One illuminates Cuba’s influence on the American Left at the height of the sixties era by examining the history of the Venceremos Brigade, an anti-imperialist Cuba solidarity organization ...
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Chapter One illuminates Cuba’s influence on the American Left at the height of the sixties era by examining the history of the Venceremos Brigade, an anti-imperialist Cuba solidarity organization formed in the United States in 1969. Initiated by New Left antiwar and civil rights activists from Students for a Democratic Society and incorporating a broad spectrum of social movements, including women’s liberation, veterans of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, the Black Panther Party, and elements of Puerto Rican, Chicana/o, and Asian American movements, the Venceremos Brigade sent several thousand U.S. leftwing activists to Cuba during the next decade as volunteer laborers. Working in agricultural and construction projects on the island to support Cuban socialism and publicizing the nation’s achievements in universal education and healthcare, the Venceremos Brigade built a grassroots counterpoint to the Washington consensus of antagonism toward the Cuba.Less
Chapter One illuminates Cuba’s influence on the American Left at the height of the sixties era by examining the history of the Venceremos Brigade, an anti-imperialist Cuba solidarity organization formed in the United States in 1969. Initiated by New Left antiwar and civil rights activists from Students for a Democratic Society and incorporating a broad spectrum of social movements, including women’s liberation, veterans of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, the Black Panther Party, and elements of Puerto Rican, Chicana/o, and Asian American movements, the Venceremos Brigade sent several thousand U.S. leftwing activists to Cuba during the next decade as volunteer laborers. Working in agricultural and construction projects on the island to support Cuban socialism and publicizing the nation’s achievements in universal education and healthcare, the Venceremos Brigade built a grassroots counterpoint to the Washington consensus of antagonism toward the Cuba.
Rachel Lee Rubin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814771389
- eISBN:
- 9780814738108
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814771389.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter traces the history of the American Renaissance faire and its place in the narrative of how the American counterculture transformed all of American life in the 1960s and 1970s. It begins ...
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This chapter traces the history of the American Renaissance faire and its place in the narrative of how the American counterculture transformed all of American life in the 1960s and 1970s. It begins by discussing the founding and establishment of the first faires in California; the faire's founders, Phyllis and Ron Patterson, moved to Laurel Canyon in the late 1950s and found there the talented cultural workers who helped them give the early festivals their recognizable character. It then considers how the commedia dell'arte set the artistic tone of the Renaissance faire before turning to political activism that characterized the early faires. It also examines the role played by Pacifica Radio and its Los Angeles radio station, KPFK, in the evolution of the Renaissance faire, along with the introduction of concrete historical reference that added richness of detail to the faire and increased the intensity of the Renaissance faire's “functional paradox.” The chapter concludes by highlighting the important role played by the faire in creating the “Sixties”.Less
This chapter traces the history of the American Renaissance faire and its place in the narrative of how the American counterculture transformed all of American life in the 1960s and 1970s. It begins by discussing the founding and establishment of the first faires in California; the faire's founders, Phyllis and Ron Patterson, moved to Laurel Canyon in the late 1950s and found there the talented cultural workers who helped them give the early festivals their recognizable character. It then considers how the commedia dell'arte set the artistic tone of the Renaissance faire before turning to political activism that characterized the early faires. It also examines the role played by Pacifica Radio and its Los Angeles radio station, KPFK, in the evolution of the Renaissance faire, along with the introduction of concrete historical reference that added richness of detail to the faire and increased the intensity of the Renaissance faire's “functional paradox.” The chapter concludes by highlighting the important role played by the faire in creating the “Sixties”.
