Peter C. Y. Chow and Mitchell H. Kellman
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195078954
- eISBN:
- 9780199855001
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195078954.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
The four Pacific Basin countries of Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore, have each defied the vicious circle of poverty in the post-war years, emerging as dynamic and rapidly growing ...
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The four Pacific Basin countries of Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore, have each defied the vicious circle of poverty in the post-war years, emerging as dynamic and rapidly growing economies. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic factors that led to the “miracle”. It aims to reveal the sources of economic growth by analyzing the underlying mechanisms and interrelationships of this export success. The authors combine a wide-ranging empirical body of data spanning a full twenty-five years, from the early “take-off” period of the mid-1960s, to the early 1990s with a broad theoretical approach to its analysis. The concept of revealed comparative advantage is utilized. Using Japan's trade performance as a benchmark, this book examines whether the four NICs have gained on or fallen further behind Japan. Not only are detailed product groups examined but such economic factors as specific product characteristics and embodied factor contents are explored. The important issues of intra-industry trade and NIC import-export relationships are also examined, and imports and exports of specific products are forecast. The conclusions reached in this chapter can serve as a guide to likely future developments. The book makes an original contribution by describing international trade data that relates to the evaluation of the extraordinary success of these four countries.Less
The four Pacific Basin countries of Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore, have each defied the vicious circle of poverty in the post-war years, emerging as dynamic and rapidly growing economies. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic factors that led to the “miracle”. It aims to reveal the sources of economic growth by analyzing the underlying mechanisms and interrelationships of this export success. The authors combine a wide-ranging empirical body of data spanning a full twenty-five years, from the early “take-off” period of the mid-1960s, to the early 1990s with a broad theoretical approach to its analysis. The concept of revealed comparative advantage is utilized. Using Japan's trade performance as a benchmark, this book examines whether the four NICs have gained on or fallen further behind Japan. Not only are detailed product groups examined but such economic factors as specific product characteristics and embodied factor contents are explored. The important issues of intra-industry trade and NIC import-export relationships are also examined, and imports and exports of specific products are forecast. The conclusions reached in this chapter can serve as a guide to likely future developments. The book makes an original contribution by describing international trade data that relates to the evaluation of the extraordinary success of these four countries.
Joshua Castellino and Elvira Domínguez Redondo
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199296057
- eISBN:
- 9780191705403
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296057.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This book analyzes the minority rights legal regimes in India, China, Malaysia, and Singapore, and places the discussion in the context of a wider debate on human rights in Asia. It takes a ...
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This book analyzes the minority rights legal regimes in India, China, Malaysia, and Singapore, and places the discussion in the context of a wider debate on human rights in Asia. It takes a multi-disciplinary approach, including comparative constitutional analysis, international relations, and social and cultural anthropology. The book contains detailed case studies, which are supported by critical commentary. India and China, the world's most populous states, face similar problems vis-à-vis minorities, yet tackle these using starkly different techniques. Malaysia and Singapore, vocal in their articulation of ‘Asian Values’, have taken opposing stances over minority rights. Malaysia has sought to establish Malay hegemony using minority rights tools in favour of the majority, while Singapore deliberately adopted a doctrine of meritocracy, nonetheless emphasising ethnic fault-lines within its population. Together the four states reflect not only the complex layers of culture and identity within Asian states, but also the vastly different political systems and contrasting conceptions of the role of law in the continent. Through its examination of minority rights theory and its application in specific cases, this book provides a useful comparative model for the assessment of other states within Asia, thereby taking an important first step towards understanding the situation of minorities within the entire continent.Less
This book analyzes the minority rights legal regimes in India, China, Malaysia, and Singapore, and places the discussion in the context of a wider debate on human rights in Asia. It takes a multi-disciplinary approach, including comparative constitutional analysis, international relations, and social and cultural anthropology. The book contains detailed case studies, which are supported by critical commentary. India and China, the world's most populous states, face similar problems vis-à-vis minorities, yet tackle these using starkly different techniques. Malaysia and Singapore, vocal in their articulation of ‘Asian Values’, have taken opposing stances over minority rights. Malaysia has sought to establish Malay hegemony using minority rights tools in favour of the majority, while Singapore deliberately adopted a doctrine of meritocracy, nonetheless emphasising ethnic fault-lines within its population. Together the four states reflect not only the complex layers of culture and identity within Asian states, but also the vastly different political systems and contrasting conceptions of the role of law in the continent. Through its examination of minority rights theory and its application in specific cases, this book provides a useful comparative model for the assessment of other states within Asia, thereby taking an important first step towards understanding the situation of minorities within the entire continent.
David Deterding
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748625444
- eISBN:
- 9780748651535
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625444.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, English Language
Over the past few decades, Singapore English has been emerging as an independent variety of English with its own distinct style of pronunciation, grammar and word usage. This book provides an ...
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Over the past few decades, Singapore English has been emerging as an independent variety of English with its own distinct style of pronunciation, grammar and word usage. This book provides an overview of this variety, including coverage of its pronunciation, including comparisons with the pronunciation of English in other countries in South-East Asia; its morphology and grammar; the words that are used, including instances where the meaning is distinct from other varieties of English; the discourse patterns that are found, including use of particles such as lah; and its history and current developments. All the findings presented in the book are illustrated with extensive examples from one hour of recorded conversational data from the Lim Siew Hwee Corpus of Informal Singapore Speech, as well as some extracts from the NIE Corpus of Spoken Singapore Speech and recent blogs. In addition, usage patterns found in the data are summarised, to provide a foundation for the reported occurrence of various features of the language. A full transcript of the data is included in the final chapter of the book.Less
Over the past few decades, Singapore English has been emerging as an independent variety of English with its own distinct style of pronunciation, grammar and word usage. This book provides an overview of this variety, including coverage of its pronunciation, including comparisons with the pronunciation of English in other countries in South-East Asia; its morphology and grammar; the words that are used, including instances where the meaning is distinct from other varieties of English; the discourse patterns that are found, including use of particles such as lah; and its history and current developments. All the findings presented in the book are illustrated with extensive examples from one hour of recorded conversational data from the Lim Siew Hwee Corpus of Informal Singapore Speech, as well as some extracts from the NIE Corpus of Spoken Singapore Speech and recent blogs. In addition, usage patterns found in the data are summarised, to provide a foundation for the reported occurrence of various features of the language. A full transcript of the data is included in the final chapter of the book.
Chua Beng Huat
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199277629
- eISBN:
- 9780191603303
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199277621.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter explores communitarianism and single-party dominance in Singapore. It argues that communitariasnism as a political ideology is a discursive resource available to all contesting parties. ...
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This chapter explores communitarianism and single-party dominance in Singapore. It argues that communitariasnism as a political ideology is a discursive resource available to all contesting parties. In Singapore, after nearly forty years of People’s Action Party (PAP) rule, the positive outcomes in various areas of social life of the logic of ‘governance by groups’ will have a lasting impact on Singaporeans. Political parties seeking to contest political power could do worse than adopting the communitarian orientation of the PAP.Less
This chapter explores communitarianism and single-party dominance in Singapore. It argues that communitariasnism as a political ideology is a discursive resource available to all contesting parties. In Singapore, after nearly forty years of People’s Action Party (PAP) rule, the positive outcomes in various areas of social life of the logic of ‘governance by groups’ will have a lasting impact on Singaporeans. Political parties seeking to contest political power could do worse than adopting the communitarian orientation of the PAP.
Daniel A. Bell and Nicola Piper
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199277629
- eISBN:
- 9780191603303
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199277621.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The trend in Western liberal democracies is to extend to long-term residents most, if not all, the legal rights of citizens and improving their access to citizenship for immigrants and their ...
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The trend in Western liberal democracies is to extend to long-term residents most, if not all, the legal rights of citizens and improving their access to citizenship for immigrants and their descendants. The situation is different in developed East Asian societies, where the most migrant workers work under short-term contracts without the possibility of becoming equal members of the political community. It is argued that the special circumstances in East Asian societies may justify arrangements for differential rights. The practice of hiring foreign domestic workers ‘fits’ better with the Confucian cultural heritage in East Asia; there are cultural particularities underpinning the system in East Asia which may not be shared elsewhere.Less
The trend in Western liberal democracies is to extend to long-term residents most, if not all, the legal rights of citizens and improving their access to citizenship for immigrants and their descendants. The situation is different in developed East Asian societies, where the most migrant workers work under short-term contracts without the possibility of becoming equal members of the political community. It is argued that the special circumstances in East Asian societies may justify arrangements for differential rights. The practice of hiring foreign domestic workers ‘fits’ better with the Confucian cultural heritage in East Asia; there are cultural particularities underpinning the system in East Asia which may not be shared elsewhere.
Beng Huat Chua and Koichi Iwabuchi (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098923
- eISBN:
- 9789882206885
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098923.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
In this book, an international group of contributors provide a multi-layered analysis of the emerging East Asian media culture, using the Korean TV drama as its analytic vehicle. This collection of ...
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In this book, an international group of contributors provide a multi-layered analysis of the emerging East Asian media culture, using the Korean TV drama as its analytic vehicle. This collection of essays is also the result of a workshop organized by the Cultural Studies in Asia Research Cluster at the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore. The aim of the Cluster is to promote collaborative research in contemporary cultural practices which are influenced by intensifying transnational exchanges across historical, linguistic and cultural boundaries in Asia.Less
In this book, an international group of contributors provide a multi-layered analysis of the emerging East Asian media culture, using the Korean TV drama as its analytic vehicle. This collection of essays is also the result of a workshop organized by the Cultural Studies in Asia Research Cluster at the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore. The aim of the Cluster is to promote collaborative research in contemporary cultural practices which are influenced by intensifying transnational exchanges across historical, linguistic and cultural boundaries in Asia.
Joshua Castellino and Elvira Domínguez Redondo
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199296057
- eISBN:
- 9780191705403
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296057.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This introductory chapter discusses the primary objectives of this book, which is to contribute to the understanding of minority rights in Asia. It aims to study the domestic legal systems of four ...
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This introductory chapter discusses the primary objectives of this book, which is to contribute to the understanding of minority rights in Asia. It aims to study the domestic legal systems of four states, with a view to extrapolating the legal regimes and institutions that exist for the protection of minority rights within their jurisdictions. The four states are India, China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Less
This introductory chapter discusses the primary objectives of this book, which is to contribute to the understanding of minority rights in Asia. It aims to study the domestic legal systems of four states, with a view to extrapolating the legal regimes and institutions that exist for the protection of minority rights within their jurisdictions. The four states are India, China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Christof Hartmann, Graham Hassall, and Soliman M. Santos
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199249596
- eISBN:
- 9780191600012
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199249598.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
Includes all relevant information on national elections and referendums held in Singapore since 1955. Part I gives a comprehensive overview of Singapore's political history, outlines the evolution of ...
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Includes all relevant information on national elections and referendums held in Singapore since 1955. Part I gives a comprehensive overview of Singapore's political history, outlines the evolution of electoral provisions, and presents the current electoral legislation in a standardized manner (suffrage, elected institutions, nomination of candidates, electoral system, organizational context of elections). Part II includes exhaustive electoral statistics in systematic tables (numbers of registered voters, votes cast, the votes for parties in parliamentary elections, the electoral participation of political parties, the distribution of parliamentary seats, etc.).Less
Includes all relevant information on national elections and referendums held in Singapore since 1955. Part I gives a comprehensive overview of Singapore's political history, outlines the evolution of electoral provisions, and presents the current electoral legislation in a standardized manner (suffrage, elected institutions, nomination of candidates, electoral system, organizational context of elections). Part II includes exhaustive electoral statistics in systematic tables (numbers of registered voters, votes cast, the votes for parties in parliamentary elections, the electoral participation of political parties, the distribution of parliamentary seats, etc.).
Phuong Pham
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580361
- eISBN:
- 9780191722691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580361.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Chapter 6 examines the period following April 1967, during which the fundamental issue shifted from whether or not Britain should withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore—which had now been decided—to ...
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Chapter 6 examines the period following April 1967, during which the fundamental issue shifted from whether or not Britain should withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore—which had now been decided—to how Britain should withdraw. On the one side, Britain's international allies, Malaysia and Singapore as well as the ANZUS powers, and the defence and foreign policy departments hoped that the public extent of the change in policy would be minimised and the symbolic remnants of Britain's role maximised. On the other side, Labour Party and Cabinet critics of the previous defence policy hoped for as full and public a reversal as possible. These debates produced the strained outcome evidenced in the Wilson Government's 1967 Supplementary Statement on Defence Policy: an announcement of a staged withdrawal from Malaysia and Singapore, coupled to a declaration that Britain intended to retain a capability for use in the region to meet its remaining commitments, all wrapped up in the rhetoric of a continuing world role.Less
Chapter 6 examines the period following April 1967, during which the fundamental issue shifted from whether or not Britain should withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore—which had now been decided—to how Britain should withdraw. On the one side, Britain's international allies, Malaysia and Singapore as well as the ANZUS powers, and the defence and foreign policy departments hoped that the public extent of the change in policy would be minimised and the symbolic remnants of Britain's role maximised. On the other side, Labour Party and Cabinet critics of the previous defence policy hoped for as full and public a reversal as possible. These debates produced the strained outcome evidenced in the Wilson Government's 1967 Supplementary Statement on Defence Policy: an announcement of a staged withdrawal from Malaysia and Singapore, coupled to a declaration that Britain intended to retain a capability for use in the region to meet its remaining commitments, all wrapped up in the rhetoric of a continuing world role.
Phuong Pham
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580361
- eISBN:
- 9780191722691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580361.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Chapter 7 documents the abandonment of the last symbolic remnants of Britain's world role in the aftermath of devaluation. The devaluation of Sterling itself, in November 1967, had little direct ...
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Chapter 7 documents the abandonment of the last symbolic remnants of Britain's world role in the aftermath of devaluation. The devaluation of Sterling itself, in November 1967, had little direct effect on defence and foreign policy. But when Roy Jenkins became the new Chancellor of the Exchequer in December 1967, he set about the task of preparing further economic measures to shore up the Pound at its new, reduced level. The bulk of his proposed cuts came from domestic expenditure: but his strategy for getting the cuts through Cabinet involved the initial symbolic sacrifice of the remnants of Britain's ‘East of Suez’ role, and an accelerated withdrawal from Malaysia and Singapore. Within the Cabinet itself, the old structure of authority that had maintained the Wilson Government's former policies had broken down, enabling Jenkins to guide it to abandon the last echo of Britain's former Empire.Less
Chapter 7 documents the abandonment of the last symbolic remnants of Britain's world role in the aftermath of devaluation. The devaluation of Sterling itself, in November 1967, had little direct effect on defence and foreign policy. But when Roy Jenkins became the new Chancellor of the Exchequer in December 1967, he set about the task of preparing further economic measures to shore up the Pound at its new, reduced level. The bulk of his proposed cuts came from domestic expenditure: but his strategy for getting the cuts through Cabinet involved the initial symbolic sacrifice of the remnants of Britain's ‘East of Suez’ role, and an accelerated withdrawal from Malaysia and Singapore. Within the Cabinet itself, the old structure of authority that had maintained the Wilson Government's former policies had broken down, enabling Jenkins to guide it to abandon the last echo of Britain's former Empire.
Phuong Pham
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580361
- eISBN:
- 9780191722691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580361.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The Conclusion summarises the argument of the book about how the Wilson Government came to decide to withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore and the Britain's ‘East of Suez’ role. It notes that there ...
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The Conclusion summarises the argument of the book about how the Wilson Government came to decide to withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore and the Britain's ‘East of Suez’ role. It notes that there was a conflict between Britain's fundamental interests: between its limited economic means and the need to maintain relations with its major allies, all of whom wanted Britain to maintain a significant military presence in Southeast Asia. Once this issue was decided, a second issue arose about how to balance the political pressure for a fast, public and complete withdrawal, against demands that the symbolic remnants of Britain's world role be retained as long as possible. The Conclusion notes that the roles and significance of the key actors through this process changed over time, from the Whitehall departments and their leading ministers, to the Parliamentary Labour Party, to Cabinet.Less
The Conclusion summarises the argument of the book about how the Wilson Government came to decide to withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore and the Britain's ‘East of Suez’ role. It notes that there was a conflict between Britain's fundamental interests: between its limited economic means and the need to maintain relations with its major allies, all of whom wanted Britain to maintain a significant military presence in Southeast Asia. Once this issue was decided, a second issue arose about how to balance the political pressure for a fast, public and complete withdrawal, against demands that the symbolic remnants of Britain's world role be retained as long as possible. The Conclusion notes that the roles and significance of the key actors through this process changed over time, from the Whitehall departments and their leading ministers, to the Parliamentary Labour Party, to Cabinet.
Marjorie Topley
Jean DeBernardi (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028146
- eISBN:
- 9789882206663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028146.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
There is a form of ghost marriage which exists among the Singapore Chinese and is known as Yin Ch'u (Ts'u)[Yinqu]. This takes place at a ceremony or group of ceremonies at which two deceased ...
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There is a form of ghost marriage which exists among the Singapore Chinese and is known as Yin Ch'u (Ts'u)[Yinqu]. This takes place at a ceremony or group of ceremonies at which two deceased peersons, or more rarely, one living and one deceased, are married. Such forms of marriage appear to be more common among the Cantonese than other dialect groups, although there are marriages being arranged for members of Straits-born Hokkien families. However, the Cantonese are certainly quite open about the fact that they perform them, whereas the Hokkiens have been most reluctant to admit it. Ghost marriages appear to take place for several reasons: to acquire a grandson after the death of the son of the family; to acquire a living daughter-in-law after the death of an unmarried son, when a younger son wishes to marry and his elder brother has died before taking a wife.Less
There is a form of ghost marriage which exists among the Singapore Chinese and is known as Yin Ch'u (Ts'u)[Yinqu]. This takes place at a ceremony or group of ceremonies at which two deceased peersons, or more rarely, one living and one deceased, are married. Such forms of marriage appear to be more common among the Cantonese than other dialect groups, although there are marriages being arranged for members of Straits-born Hokkien families. However, the Cantonese are certainly quite open about the fact that they perform them, whereas the Hokkiens have been most reluctant to admit it. Ghost marriages appear to take place for several reasons: to acquire a grandson after the death of the son of the family; to acquire a living daughter-in-law after the death of an unmarried son, when a younger son wishes to marry and his elder brother has died before taking a wife.
Marjorie Topley
Jean DeBernardi (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028146
- eISBN:
- 9789882206663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028146.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter presents ceremonies which took place in a Dying House. The total cost of the marriage was approximately $200 Straits and a priest was engaged to see to the necessary arrangements. He was ...
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This chapter presents ceremonies which took place in a Dying House. The total cost of the marriage was approximately $200 Straits and a priest was engaged to see to the necessary arrangements. He was one of a small group of professionals belonging to a Cantonese branch of the Cheng I [Zhengyi] school of Taoism who earn their living in Singapore by performing at funeral ceremonies and at Cantonese occasional rites. The priest arranged for the “wedding” ceremony to be held in the temple, hired a room at the Dying House, bought or made all the necessary paraphernalia and together with his troupe of colleagues and disciples performed all the appropriate ceremonies. According to the Taoist priest in charge of the day's activities, Cantonese ghost marriages are still by no means rare in Singapore and he has been engaged to perform them by people, mainly women, of various occupations and income.Less
This chapter presents ceremonies which took place in a Dying House. The total cost of the marriage was approximately $200 Straits and a priest was engaged to see to the necessary arrangements. He was one of a small group of professionals belonging to a Cantonese branch of the Cheng I [Zhengyi] school of Taoism who earn their living in Singapore by performing at funeral ceremonies and at Cantonese occasional rites. The priest arranged for the “wedding” ceremony to be held in the temple, hired a room at the Dying House, bought or made all the necessary paraphernalia and together with his troupe of colleagues and disciples performed all the appropriate ceremonies. According to the Taoist priest in charge of the day's activities, Cantonese ghost marriages are still by no means rare in Singapore and he has been engaged to perform them by people, mainly women, of various occupations and income.
Lai Si Tsui-Auch
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199287345
- eISBN:
- 9780191713514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199287345.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This chapter on Singaporean business groups illustrates a fine example of a situation where business groups are run by the state. The government created large government-linked corporate groups to ...
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This chapter on Singaporean business groups illustrates a fine example of a situation where business groups are run by the state. The government created large government-linked corporate groups to spearhead development in many sectors. Government-linked corporations have generally been managed effectively and run like private businesses, with a focus on financial performance. Private businesses run by the ethnic Chinese were left alone, and have competed with the government-linked corporations in many areas. When the Asian Crisis occurred, the government realized that it needed to restructure its financial sector and strengthen its corporate laws and accountancy practices. It pressured government-linked corporations and private banks to globalize, divest their non-core assets, and professionalize their governance. It also began monitoring banks’ performance more vigorously. Yet, the pace of divestment by both government-linked groups and banking groups has been thus far gradual.Less
This chapter on Singaporean business groups illustrates a fine example of a situation where business groups are run by the state. The government created large government-linked corporate groups to spearhead development in many sectors. Government-linked corporations have generally been managed effectively and run like private businesses, with a focus on financial performance. Private businesses run by the ethnic Chinese were left alone, and have competed with the government-linked corporations in many areas. When the Asian Crisis occurred, the government realized that it needed to restructure its financial sector and strengthen its corporate laws and accountancy practices. It pressured government-linked corporations and private banks to globalize, divest their non-core assets, and professionalize their governance. It also began monitoring banks’ performance more vigorously. Yet, the pace of divestment by both government-linked groups and banking groups has been thus far gradual.
P. L. Pham
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580361
- eISBN:
- 9780191722691
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580361.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
In 1964, Britain's defence presence in Malaysia and Singapore was the largest and most expensive component of the country's world‐wide role. Yet within three and a half years, the Wilson Government ...
More
In 1964, Britain's defence presence in Malaysia and Singapore was the largest and most expensive component of the country's world‐wide role. Yet within three and a half years, the Wilson Government had announced that Britain would be withdrawing from its major Southeast Asian bases and abandoning any special military role ‘East of Suez’. The purpose of this book is to document and explain the British policy process leading to the decisions to withdraw.The book argues that the Wilson Government faced two fundamental dilemmas regarding its defence policy. The first was a conflict between Britain's limited economic means, which compelled cuts to the country's defence role, and its need to maintain its relations with its major allies, especially the Johnson Administration in the United States, all of whom wanted Britain to maintain a significant military presence in Southeast Asia. This conflict was fundamentally resolved after the Labour Party revolted over defence policy in early 1967, when the Government decided to withdraw from the bases in Singapore and Malaysia. Thereafter, the Wilson Government faced a second dilemma over whether to minimise the political and symbolic impact of its decisions for the sake of its international allies, or to maximise it for domestic political advantage. This conflict was not fully settled until January 1968, when the Government announced a faster withdrawal and complete abandonment of Britain's ‘East of Suez’ role, as a means of gaining acceptance for the social cuts it was implementing in the aftermath of the devaluation of the Pound.Less
In 1964, Britain's defence presence in Malaysia and Singapore was the largest and most expensive component of the country's world‐wide role. Yet within three and a half years, the Wilson Government had announced that Britain would be withdrawing from its major Southeast Asian bases and abandoning any special military role ‘East of Suez’. The purpose of this book is to document and explain the British policy process leading to the decisions to withdraw.
The book argues that the Wilson Government faced two fundamental dilemmas regarding its defence policy. The first was a conflict between Britain's limited economic means, which compelled cuts to the country's defence role, and its need to maintain its relations with its major allies, especially the Johnson Administration in the United States, all of whom wanted Britain to maintain a significant military presence in Southeast Asia. This conflict was fundamentally resolved after the Labour Party revolted over defence policy in early 1967, when the Government decided to withdraw from the bases in Singapore and Malaysia. Thereafter, the Wilson Government faced a second dilemma over whether to minimise the political and symbolic impact of its decisions for the sake of its international allies, or to maximise it for domestic political advantage. This conflict was not fully settled until January 1968, when the Government announced a faster withdrawal and complete abandonment of Britain's ‘East of Suez’ role, as a means of gaining acceptance for the social cuts it was implementing in the aftermath of the devaluation of the Pound.
Eddie Tay
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028740
- eISBN:
- 9789882206762
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028740.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
The literature of Malaysia and Singapore, the multicultural epicentre of Asia, offers a rich body of source material for appreciating the intellectual heritage of colonial and postcolonial Southeast ...
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The literature of Malaysia and Singapore, the multicultural epicentre of Asia, offers a rich body of source material for appreciating the intellectual heritage of colonial and postcolonial Southeast Asia. Focusing on themes of home and belonging, this book illuminates many aspects of identity anxiety experienced in the region, and helps construct a dialogue between postcolonial theory and the Anglophone literatures of Singapore and Malaysia. A chronologically ordered selection of texts is examined including Swettenham, Bird, Maugham, Burgess, and Thumboo. This genealogy of works includes colonial travel writings and sketches as well as contemporary diasporic novels by Malaysian and Singapore-born authors based outside their countries of origin. The premise is that home is a physical space as well as a symbolic terrain invested with social, political, and cultural meanings.Less
The literature of Malaysia and Singapore, the multicultural epicentre of Asia, offers a rich body of source material for appreciating the intellectual heritage of colonial and postcolonial Southeast Asia. Focusing on themes of home and belonging, this book illuminates many aspects of identity anxiety experienced in the region, and helps construct a dialogue between postcolonial theory and the Anglophone literatures of Singapore and Malaysia. A chronologically ordered selection of texts is examined including Swettenham, Bird, Maugham, Burgess, and Thumboo. This genealogy of works includes colonial travel writings and sketches as well as contemporary diasporic novels by Malaysian and Singapore-born authors based outside their countries of origin. The premise is that home is a physical space as well as a symbolic terrain invested with social, political, and cultural meanings.
Phuong Pham
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580361
- eISBN:
- 9780191722691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580361.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The Introduction outlines the background of the United Kingdom's ‘East of Suez’ role and its defence presence in Malaysia and Singapore. It notes the importance of Britain's presence to its allies, ...
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The Introduction outlines the background of the United Kingdom's ‘East of Suez’ role and its defence presence in Malaysia and Singapore. It notes the importance of Britain's presence to its allies, in particular the United States in the context of the Cold War and the escalating conflict in Vietnam. It describes the creation of an independent Malaysia, the Confrontation with Indonesia, and how the benefits and costs of Britain's role in the region were reaching a delicate balance.Less
The Introduction outlines the background of the United Kingdom's ‘East of Suez’ role and its defence presence in Malaysia and Singapore. It notes the importance of Britain's presence to its allies, in particular the United States in the context of the Cold War and the escalating conflict in Vietnam. It describes the creation of an independent Malaysia, the Confrontation with Indonesia, and how the benefits and costs of Britain's role in the region were reaching a delicate balance.
Phuong Pham
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580361
- eISBN:
- 9780191722691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580361.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Chapter 1 examines the Wilson Government's initial reassessment, within the Defence Review, of future overseas policy. On their arrival in office, senior ministers were keen to emphasise the ...
More
Chapter 1 examines the Wilson Government's initial reassessment, within the Defence Review, of future overseas policy. On their arrival in office, senior ministers were keen to emphasise the importance of Britain's military commitments overseas, even though officials within the Foreign and Commonwealth Relations Offices were now beginning to entertain doubts about their long‐term value. At the same time, the weakness of Britain's economic situation prompted them to impose a ceiling of £2000 million on annual defence expenditure. The combination of these official doubts and the need for spending restraint encouraged senior ministers to endorse a medium‐term plan for the withdrawal of permanent British forces from Malaysia and Singapore to a northern Australian base, jointly funded and operated by Britain and the ANZUS allies.Less
Chapter 1 examines the Wilson Government's initial reassessment, within the Defence Review, of future overseas policy. On their arrival in office, senior ministers were keen to emphasise the importance of Britain's military commitments overseas, even though officials within the Foreign and Commonwealth Relations Offices were now beginning to entertain doubts about their long‐term value. At the same time, the weakness of Britain's economic situation prompted them to impose a ceiling of £2000 million on annual defence expenditure. The combination of these official doubts and the need for spending restraint encouraged senior ministers to endorse a medium‐term plan for the withdrawal of permanent British forces from Malaysia and Singapore to a northern Australian base, jointly funded and operated by Britain and the ANZUS allies.
Phuong Pham
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580361
- eISBN:
- 9780191722691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580361.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Chapter 2 examines the Wilson Government's attempts to introduce its allies to its thinking on withdrawing from Malaysia and Singapore to a northern Australian base, jointly funded with the ANZUS ...
More
Chapter 2 examines the Wilson Government's attempts to introduce its allies to its thinking on withdrawing from Malaysia and Singapore to a northern Australian base, jointly funded with the ANZUS allies. These discussions were suddenly interrupted in August 1965 by the separation of Singapore from Malaysia. In the aftermath of the split, the British sought to accelerate their plans for withdrawal from Singapore, on the grounds that the island's position was no longer secure. These plans were sharply rejected by the ANZUS allies. The rejection was firmly bolstered by the Johnson Administration imposing an understanding that their support of the Pound was linked to a British willingness to maintain an acceptable defence policy. The basic dilemma for Britain's policymakers was now exposed: how to resolve the conflict between the need to cut defence expenditure, for the sake of the country's economic health, and the need to maintain an overseas role, for the sake of the country's major allies.Less
Chapter 2 examines the Wilson Government's attempts to introduce its allies to its thinking on withdrawing from Malaysia and Singapore to a northern Australian base, jointly funded with the ANZUS allies. These discussions were suddenly interrupted in August 1965 by the separation of Singapore from Malaysia. In the aftermath of the split, the British sought to accelerate their plans for withdrawal from Singapore, on the grounds that the island's position was no longer secure. These plans were sharply rejected by the ANZUS allies. The rejection was firmly bolstered by the Johnson Administration imposing an understanding that their support of the Pound was linked to a British willingness to maintain an acceptable defence policy. The basic dilemma for Britain's policymakers was now exposed: how to resolve the conflict between the need to cut defence expenditure, for the sake of the country's economic health, and the need to maintain an overseas role, for the sake of the country's major allies.
Phuong Pham
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580361
- eISBN:
- 9780191722691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580361.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Chapter 3 traces the period up to the publication of the Defence White Paper in February 1966. During this time, the Wilson Government continued to develop its plans to withdraw from Singapore to ...
More
Chapter 3 traces the period up to the publication of the Defence White Paper in February 1966. During this time, the Wilson Government continued to develop its plans to withdraw from Singapore to Australia, hiding this work from the ANZUS allies. These allies were adamant that they would not accept a voluntary British withdrawal from a central strategic node of Southeast Asia. With no agreement in sight, the Wilson Government hastily revised its plans at the last moment, rephrasing its intentions to state that it would stay in Singapore ‘as long as conditions allowed’. While publishing this intent in the Defence White Paper, to the satisfaction of the allies, the Government secretly expected and hoped that conditions in Singapore would soon come to force it to withdraw.Less
Chapter 3 traces the period up to the publication of the Defence White Paper in February 1966. During this time, the Wilson Government continued to develop its plans to withdraw from Singapore to Australia, hiding this work from the ANZUS allies. These allies were adamant that they would not accept a voluntary British withdrawal from a central strategic node of Southeast Asia. With no agreement in sight, the Wilson Government hastily revised its plans at the last moment, rephrasing its intentions to state that it would stay in Singapore ‘as long as conditions allowed’. While publishing this intent in the Defence White Paper, to the satisfaction of the allies, the Government secretly expected and hoped that conditions in Singapore would soon come to force it to withdraw.
