Steven Casper
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199269525
- eISBN:
- 9780191710025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199269525.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
The varieties of capitalism approach focuses on explaining variation in industry specialization at the national level. However, much evidence from the field of economic geography suggests that ...
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The varieties of capitalism approach focuses on explaining variation in industry specialization at the national level. However, much evidence from the field of economic geography suggests that industries tend to cluster within regional economies, and empirical evidence suggests that there are regions within coordinated market economies that have sustained clusters of radically innovative companies. Focusing on the successful wireless Internet and software cluster in Stockholm, Sweden, this chapter explores mechanisms by which alternative patterns of economic coordination may develop. The analysis focuses on the role of large companies, particularly in industries in which technical interdependencies between firms is strong in creating patterns of economic coordination that run counter to national models.Less
The varieties of capitalism approach focuses on explaining variation in industry specialization at the national level. However, much evidence from the field of economic geography suggests that industries tend to cluster within regional economies, and empirical evidence suggests that there are regions within coordinated market economies that have sustained clusters of radically innovative companies. Focusing on the successful wireless Internet and software cluster in Stockholm, Sweden, this chapter explores mechanisms by which alternative patterns of economic coordination may develop. The analysis focuses on the role of large companies, particularly in industries in which technical interdependencies between firms is strong in creating patterns of economic coordination that run counter to national models.
Georg von Krogh, Kazuo Ichijo, and Ikujiro Nonaka
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195126167
- eISBN:
- 9780199848720
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195126167.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
This book shows how firms can generate and nurture ideas. Weaving together lessons from such international leaders as Siemens, Unilever, Skandia, and Sony, along with their own first-hand consulting ...
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This book shows how firms can generate and nurture ideas. Weaving together lessons from such international leaders as Siemens, Unilever, Skandia, and Sony, along with their own first-hand consulting experiences, the authors introduce knowledge enabling — the overall set of organizational activities that promote knowledge creation — and demonstrate its power to transform an organization's knowledge into value-creating actions. They describe the five key “knowledge enablers” and outline what it takes to instill a knowledge vision, manage conversations, mobilize knowledge activists, create the right context for knowledge creation, and globalize local knowledge. The authors stress that knowledge creation must be more than the exclusive purview of one individual — or designated “knowledge” officer. Indeed, it demands new roles and responsibilities for everyone in the organization — from the elite in the executive suite to the frontline workers on the shop floor. Whether an activist, a caring expert, or a corporate epistemologist who focuses on the theory of knowledge itself, everyone in an organization has a vital role to play in making “care” an integral part of the everyday experience; in supporting, nurturing, and encouraging microcommunities of innovation and fun; and in creating a shared space where knowledge is created, exchanged, and used for sustained, competitive advantage. This book puts practical tools into the hands of managers and executives who are struggling to unleash the power of knowledge in their organization.Less
This book shows how firms can generate and nurture ideas. Weaving together lessons from such international leaders as Siemens, Unilever, Skandia, and Sony, along with their own first-hand consulting experiences, the authors introduce knowledge enabling — the overall set of organizational activities that promote knowledge creation — and demonstrate its power to transform an organization's knowledge into value-creating actions. They describe the five key “knowledge enablers” and outline what it takes to instill a knowledge vision, manage conversations, mobilize knowledge activists, create the right context for knowledge creation, and globalize local knowledge. The authors stress that knowledge creation must be more than the exclusive purview of one individual — or designated “knowledge” officer. Indeed, it demands new roles and responsibilities for everyone in the organization — from the elite in the executive suite to the frontline workers on the shop floor. Whether an activist, a caring expert, or a corporate epistemologist who focuses on the theory of knowledge itself, everyone in an organization has a vital role to play in making “care” an integral part of the everyday experience; in supporting, nurturing, and encouraging microcommunities of innovation and fun; and in creating a shared space where knowledge is created, exchanged, and used for sustained, competitive advantage. This book puts practical tools into the hands of managers and executives who are struggling to unleash the power of knowledge in their organization.
Lahra Liberti
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199578184
- eISBN:
- 9780191722561
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199578184.003.0023
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
This chapter explores whether and to what extent a measure adopted by the State in the furtherance of international obligations other than those provided for in the investment treaty bears any ...
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This chapter explores whether and to what extent a measure adopted by the State in the furtherance of international obligations other than those provided for in the investment treaty bears any consequences not only in the appreciation of state liability, but also in the determination of the quantum of compensation and in the choice of the method of valuation. The review of ICSID jurisprudence shows considerable shifts in the appreciation of this issue. The chapter consider several cases: Compañia del Desarollo de Santa Elena SA v. Republic of Costa Rica; Siemens v. Argentina; and SPP v. Egypt. The SPP v. Egypt case sets a useful precedent in that it clearly shows how international obligations arising under different areas of international law can be specifically relevant not only in the appreciation of the legal nature of the taking but also in the choice of the method of valuation affecting the quantum of compensation.Less
This chapter explores whether and to what extent a measure adopted by the State in the furtherance of international obligations other than those provided for in the investment treaty bears any consequences not only in the appreciation of state liability, but also in the determination of the quantum of compensation and in the choice of the method of valuation. The review of ICSID jurisprudence shows considerable shifts in the appreciation of this issue. The chapter consider several cases: Compañia del Desarollo de Santa Elena SA v. Republic of Costa Rica; Siemens v. Argentina; and SPP v. Egypt. The SPP v. Egypt case sets a useful precedent in that it clearly shows how international obligations arising under different areas of international law can be specifically relevant not only in the appreciation of the legal nature of the taking but also in the choice of the method of valuation affecting the quantum of compensation.
Anne Sigismund Huff, Kathrin M. Moslein, and Ralf Reichwald (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262018494
- eISBN:
- 9780262312455
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262018494.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
In today’s competitive globalized market, firms are increasingly reaching beyond conventional internal methods of research and development to use ideas developed through processes of open innovation ...
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In today’s competitive globalized market, firms are increasingly reaching beyond conventional internal methods of research and development to use ideas developed through processes of open innovation (OI). Organizations including Siemens, Nokia, Wikipedia, Hyve, and innosabi may launch elaborate OI initiatives, actively seeking partners to help them innovate in specific areas. Individuals affiliated by common interests rather than institutional ties use OI to develop new products, services, and solutions to meet unmet needs. This book describes the ways that OI expands the space for innovation, describing a range of OI practices, participants, and trends. The contributors come from practice and academe, and reflect international, cross-sector, and transdisciplinary perspectives. They report on a variety of OI initiatives, offer theoretical frameworks, and consider new arenas for OI from manufacturing to education.Less
In today’s competitive globalized market, firms are increasingly reaching beyond conventional internal methods of research and development to use ideas developed through processes of open innovation (OI). Organizations including Siemens, Nokia, Wikipedia, Hyve, and innosabi may launch elaborate OI initiatives, actively seeking partners to help them innovate in specific areas. Individuals affiliated by common interests rather than institutional ties use OI to develop new products, services, and solutions to meet unmet needs. This book describes the ways that OI expands the space for innovation, describing a range of OI practices, participants, and trends. The contributors come from practice and academe, and reflect international, cross-sector, and transdisciplinary perspectives. They report on a variety of OI initiatives, offer theoretical frameworks, and consider new arenas for OI from manufacturing to education.
Peter Mansfield
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199664542
- eISBN:
- 9780191758461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199664542.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, Soft Matter / Biological Physics, History of Physics
EMI was making progress with MRI. They obtained a 0.1 T electro-magnet and tried imaging a human head. During one group meeting a member of the electronic support group entered the room who turned ...
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EMI was making progress with MRI. They obtained a 0.1 T electro-magnet and tried imaging a human head. During one group meeting a member of the electronic support group entered the room who turned out to be Ian Young, formerly of E.R. Watts. He was not EMI’s only consultant on MRI. In Nottingham, Andrew obtained his Wolfson grant. They obtained a head image by the sensitive point method. Disquiet emerged within the group. Following Raymond’s taking the group’s latest and best slide for a conference meeting to which he’d been invited. Because of this action, Moore and Holland denied Raymond any further images and further collaboration ceased. From that point on there were 3 independent groups in the Physics Department, Mine, Moore’s and Andrew’s. Paul Bottomley, Andrew’s research student, claimed in his thesis, that it would be difficult to image at frequencies much above 4 MHz. In their book, NMR Imaging in Biomedicine by Mansfield and Morris, a figure of 10 MHz was suggested. He was able to recruit Terry Baines, an electronic engineer, who helped in the design and construction of equipment. The Germany company, Siemens engaged him for a period as a consultant and took on Andrew Maudsley to help design their first MRI scanner. The head of their MRI section was Dr Schittenhelm. As the 1980’s progressed, his research group made a collective decision on EPI. Various members concentrated on the theory and applications of EPI. Roger Ordidge made a movie of a live rabbit and presented a paper at an international conference held in Winston Salem, North Carolina. His talk was a show stopper, showing the world’s first MRI movie of a living animal. In 1991 Penny Gowland joined the group making significant improvements to their paediatric imaging. In the mid-eighties Michael Stehling, a German, joined the author's group. He was a medical doctor and a physicist. He worked hard to improve the quality of their images and also to extend the range of pathologies studied.Less
EMI was making progress with MRI. They obtained a 0.1 T electro-magnet and tried imaging a human head. During one group meeting a member of the electronic support group entered the room who turned out to be Ian Young, formerly of E.R. Watts. He was not EMI’s only consultant on MRI. In Nottingham, Andrew obtained his Wolfson grant. They obtained a head image by the sensitive point method. Disquiet emerged within the group. Following Raymond’s taking the group’s latest and best slide for a conference meeting to which he’d been invited. Because of this action, Moore and Holland denied Raymond any further images and further collaboration ceased. From that point on there were 3 independent groups in the Physics Department, Mine, Moore’s and Andrew’s. Paul Bottomley, Andrew’s research student, claimed in his thesis, that it would be difficult to image at frequencies much above 4 MHz. In their book, NMR Imaging in Biomedicine by Mansfield and Morris, a figure of 10 MHz was suggested. He was able to recruit Terry Baines, an electronic engineer, who helped in the design and construction of equipment. The Germany company, Siemens engaged him for a period as a consultant and took on Andrew Maudsley to help design their first MRI scanner. The head of their MRI section was Dr Schittenhelm. As the 1980’s progressed, his research group made a collective decision on EPI. Various members concentrated on the theory and applications of EPI. Roger Ordidge made a movie of a live rabbit and presented a paper at an international conference held in Winston Salem, North Carolina. His talk was a show stopper, showing the world’s first MRI movie of a living animal. In 1991 Penny Gowland joined the group making significant improvements to their paediatric imaging. In the mid-eighties Michael Stehling, a German, joined the author's group. He was a medical doctor and a physicist. He worked hard to improve the quality of their images and also to extend the range of pathologies studied.
Thomas Lackner
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262018494
- eISBN:
- 9780262312455
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262018494.003.0024
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
This chapter examines the open innovation (OI) project of Siemens AG. It describes the company’s range of OI activities and the recruitment of smart people for the project. It discusses the ...
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This chapter examines the open innovation (OI) project of Siemens AG. It describes the company’s range of OI activities and the recruitment of smart people for the project. It discusses the increasing budget devoted to outside innovation by large companies around the world and highlights the need for innovation projects needed to generate money-making products and services. This chapter also explains that OI projects vary over the course of product and service development and that leaders have the very challenging task of defining needed knowledge and bringing knowledge-holders together across complicated organizational structures.Less
This chapter examines the open innovation (OI) project of Siemens AG. It describes the company’s range of OI activities and the recruitment of smart people for the project. It discusses the increasing budget devoted to outside innovation by large companies around the world and highlights the need for innovation projects needed to generate money-making products and services. This chapter also explains that OI projects vary over the course of product and service development and that leaders have the very challenging task of defining needed knowledge and bringing knowledge-holders together across complicated organizational structures.
Kevin E. Davis
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190070809
- eISBN:
- 9780190070830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190070809.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
When should organizations, as opposed to individuals, be the targets of sanctions for transnational bribery? The OECD paradigm calls for the net of liability to be cast widely, not only over ...
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When should organizations, as opposed to individuals, be the targets of sanctions for transnational bribery? The OECD paradigm calls for the net of liability to be cast widely, not only over individual perpetrators but also over the organizations they represent, and perhaps also over companies that own, merge with, or acquire those entities. There have even been moves to sanction states whose officials have solicited or accepted bribes, including by barring recovery of compensation from the bribe payer. Organizational liability is typically justified as a way to induce private regulation, which is presumed to be relatively effective and efficient. However, the effectiveness of self-regulation is contingent on factors such as the presence of complementary legal institutions and expertise. There are also questions about its expense and legitimacy.Less
When should organizations, as opposed to individuals, be the targets of sanctions for transnational bribery? The OECD paradigm calls for the net of liability to be cast widely, not only over individual perpetrators but also over the organizations they represent, and perhaps also over companies that own, merge with, or acquire those entities. There have even been moves to sanction states whose officials have solicited or accepted bribes, including by barring recovery of compensation from the bribe payer. Organizational liability is typically justified as a way to induce private regulation, which is presumed to be relatively effective and efficient. However, the effectiveness of self-regulation is contingent on factors such as the presence of complementary legal institutions and expertise. There are also questions about its expense and legitimacy.
Simone M. Müller
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231174329
- eISBN:
- 9780231540261
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231174329.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Chapter 2 examines the economic aspects of the business of submarine telegraphy with a strong focus on the 1870s when crucial structures and trends emerged. Key actors in this chapter are John ...
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Chapter 2 examines the economic aspects of the business of submarine telegraphy with a strong focus on the 1870s when crucial structures and trends emerged. Key actors in this chapter are John Pender, James Anderson, and their Eastern and Associated Cable Companies as well as the Siemens clan and their two cable manufacturing and operating companies, Siemens Brothers and the Direct United States Cable Company. In its last part, the chapter offers an analysis of shareholder lists and gives detailed insights into the financial network structure of ocean telegraphy.Less
Chapter 2 examines the economic aspects of the business of submarine telegraphy with a strong focus on the 1870s when crucial structures and trends emerged. Key actors in this chapter are John Pender, James Anderson, and their Eastern and Associated Cable Companies as well as the Siemens clan and their two cable manufacturing and operating companies, Siemens Brothers and the Direct United States Cable Company. In its last part, the chapter offers an analysis of shareholder lists and gives detailed insights into the financial network structure of ocean telegraphy.
