Robert D. Greenberg
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199208753
- eISBN:
- 9780191717673
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208753.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
Language rifts in the Balkans are endemic and have long been both a symptom of ethnic animosity and a cause for inflaming it. But the breakup of the Serbo-Croatian language into four mutually ...
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Language rifts in the Balkans are endemic and have long been both a symptom of ethnic animosity and a cause for inflaming it. But the breakup of the Serbo-Croatian language into four mutually unintelligible languages within a decade is, by any previous standard of linguistic behaviour, extraordinary. This book describes how it happened. Basing the account on first-hand observations in the region before and since the communist demise, the book evokes the drama and emotional discord as different factions sought to exploit, prevent, exacerbate, accelerate, or just to make sense of the chaotic and unpredictable language situation. The book offers insights into the nature of language change and the relation between language and identity. It also provides a uniquely vivid perspective on nationalism and identity politics in the former Yugoslavia.Less
Language rifts in the Balkans are endemic and have long been both a symptom of ethnic animosity and a cause for inflaming it. But the breakup of the Serbo-Croatian language into four mutually unintelligible languages within a decade is, by any previous standard of linguistic behaviour, extraordinary. This book describes how it happened. Basing the account on first-hand observations in the region before and since the communist demise, the book evokes the drama and emotional discord as different factions sought to exploit, prevent, exacerbate, accelerate, or just to make sense of the chaotic and unpredictable language situation. The book offers insights into the nature of language change and the relation between language and identity. It also provides a uniquely vivid perspective on nationalism and identity politics in the former Yugoslavia.
Svetlana Godjevac
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199249633
- eISBN:
- 9780191719349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249633.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
This chapter presents an overview of intonation of Standard Serbo-Croatian with a proposal for prosodic transcription within the ToBI family of prosodic transcription models. The intonation model ...
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This chapter presents an overview of intonation of Standard Serbo-Croatian with a proposal for prosodic transcription within the ToBI family of prosodic transcription models. The intonation model includes broad and narrow focus utterances of declarative statements and questions, and vocative chant. The transcription model includes a representation of the lexical pitch accents (short and long falling and short and long rising), phrase accents, boundary tones, break indices, words, and glosses.Less
This chapter presents an overview of intonation of Standard Serbo-Croatian with a proposal for prosodic transcription within the ToBI family of prosodic transcription models. The intonation model includes broad and narrow focus utterances of declarative statements and questions, and vocative chant. The transcription model includes a representation of the lexical pitch accents (short and long falling and short and long rising), phrase accents, boundary tones, break indices, words, and glosses.
Robert D. Greenberg
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199208753
- eISBN:
- 9780191717673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208753.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
This introductory chapter discusses the goals and methodology of the book. The study addresses specific controversies surrounding the codifications of the four successor languages to Serbo-Croatian: ...
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This introductory chapter discusses the goals and methodology of the book. The study addresses specific controversies surrounding the codifications of the four successor languages to Serbo-Croatian: Serbian, Montenegrin, Croatian, and Bosnian. The analysis is based on close readings of the recently published works on each of the successor languages. The types of consulted works can be categorized as instruments of codification; articles and monographs by linguists from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia discussing specific linguistic concerns; blueprints for the new successor languages, or reinterpreting the years of the unified language; and articles from the popular press on language issues. The chapter also explains language as a marker of ethnic identity and language in the context of Balkan nationalism. Furthermore, the chapter expounds on Serbo-Croatian as a dying tongue.Less
This introductory chapter discusses the goals and methodology of the book. The study addresses specific controversies surrounding the codifications of the four successor languages to Serbo-Croatian: Serbian, Montenegrin, Croatian, and Bosnian. The analysis is based on close readings of the recently published works on each of the successor languages. The types of consulted works can be categorized as instruments of codification; articles and monographs by linguists from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia discussing specific linguistic concerns; blueprints for the new successor languages, or reinterpreting the years of the unified language; and articles from the popular press on language issues. The chapter also explains language as a marker of ethnic identity and language in the context of Balkan nationalism. Furthermore, the chapter expounds on Serbo-Croatian as a dying tongue.
Robert D. Greenberg
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199208753
- eISBN:
- 9780191717673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208753.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
This chapter discusses the precarious Serbo-Croatian language union. It describes models for unified languages, including centrally monitored unity, government-imposed unity, and pluricentric unity. ...
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This chapter discusses the precarious Serbo-Croatian language union. It describes models for unified languages, including centrally monitored unity, government-imposed unity, and pluricentric unity. Controversies connected with Serb/Croat language accords such as The Literary Agreement of 1850 and The Novi Sad Agreement of 1954 are explained. The following issues regarding the power of competing dialects are shown: Stokavian dialects and ethnicity, ownership and citizenship dilemmas of dialects, and standard pronunciations variants, or idioms. Multiple alphabets, writing systems, and spelling rules further aggravate problems. Vocabulary could be a reflection of divergent approaches to identity, as exemplified by Croatian purism, the supremacy of the vernacular for the Serbs, and divergent attitudes towards foreign borrowings. The chapter also follows the turbulent history of the language union.Less
This chapter discusses the precarious Serbo-Croatian language union. It describes models for unified languages, including centrally monitored unity, government-imposed unity, and pluricentric unity. Controversies connected with Serb/Croat language accords such as The Literary Agreement of 1850 and The Novi Sad Agreement of 1954 are explained. The following issues regarding the power of competing dialects are shown: Stokavian dialects and ethnicity, ownership and citizenship dilemmas of dialects, and standard pronunciations variants, or idioms. Multiple alphabets, writing systems, and spelling rules further aggravate problems. Vocabulary could be a reflection of divergent approaches to identity, as exemplified by Croatian purism, the supremacy of the vernacular for the Serbs, and divergent attitudes towards foreign borrowings. The chapter also follows the turbulent history of the language union.
Robert D. Greenberg
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199208753
- eISBN:
- 9780191717673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208753.003.0008
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
This chapter discusses developments since 2004, including scholarly attitudes towards the new language realities in ex-Yugoslavia, a round table controversy in Croatia, two new dictionaries in ...
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This chapter discusses developments since 2004, including scholarly attitudes towards the new language realities in ex-Yugoslavia, a round table controversy in Croatia, two new dictionaries in Bosnia-Herzegovina, the pains of language separation in Montenegro, and recent perspectives in Serbia. Updates on corpus and status planning issues affecting the development of Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian languages are provided. The most recent publications and scholarly efforts defining similarities and differences among the languages that used to be subsumed under 'Serbo-Croatian’ are explained. The chapter ends with the book's final observations and suggestions for future research.Less
This chapter discusses developments since 2004, including scholarly attitudes towards the new language realities in ex-Yugoslavia, a round table controversy in Croatia, two new dictionaries in Bosnia-Herzegovina, the pains of language separation in Montenegro, and recent perspectives in Serbia. Updates on corpus and status planning issues affecting the development of Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian languages are provided. The most recent publications and scholarly efforts defining similarities and differences among the languages that used to be subsumed under 'Serbo-Croatian’ are explained. The chapter ends with the book's final observations and suggestions for future research.
Sandra Stjepanović
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199645763
- eISBN:
- 9780191741135
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199645763.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter discusses two cases of violation repair under sluicing in Serbo-Croatian (SC). One case concerns preposition stranding (P-stranding). It is shown that SC allows P-stranding under ...
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This chapter discusses two cases of violation repair under sluicing in Serbo-Croatian (SC). One case concerns preposition stranding (P-stranding). It is shown that SC allows P-stranding under sluicing, even though it does not allow it under wh-movement without sluicing. SC initially seems to be a counterexample to Merchant’s (2001) generalization that a language which does not normally allow P-stranding should not allow it under sluicing. The chapter shows that the loss of preposition under sluicing in SC is however not conditioned by P-stranding, and so does not instantiate a counter-example to Merchant’s generalization. The chapter also examines the repair of Inverse Case Filter violations in SC, in which numeral NPs with a numeral quantifier assigning a genitive of quantification are acceptable in sluicing constructions, but not in parallel non-sluiced contexts. Such patterns are argued to lead to new conclusions concerning the morphological realization of inherent case at PF.Less
This chapter discusses two cases of violation repair under sluicing in Serbo-Croatian (SC). One case concerns preposition stranding (P-stranding). It is shown that SC allows P-stranding under sluicing, even though it does not allow it under wh-movement without sluicing. SC initially seems to be a counterexample to Merchant’s (2001) generalization that a language which does not normally allow P-stranding should not allow it under sluicing. The chapter shows that the loss of preposition under sluicing in SC is however not conditioned by P-stranding, and so does not instantiate a counter-example to Merchant’s generalization. The chapter also examines the repair of Inverse Case Filter violations in SC, in which numeral NPs with a numeral quantifier assigning a genitive of quantification are acceptable in sluicing constructions, but not in parallel non-sluiced contexts. Such patterns are argued to lead to new conclusions concerning the morphological realization of inherent case at PF.
Draga Zec
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262083799
- eISBN:
- 9780262274890
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262083799.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Lexicography
This chapter examines the epic decasyllable, a traditional South Slavic folk metrical form, with an emphasis on the so-called Serbo-Croatian poems. In particular, it analyzes the five volumes of ...
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This chapter examines the epic decasyllable, a traditional South Slavic folk metrical form, with an emphasis on the so-called Serbo-Croatian poems. In particular, it analyzes the five volumes of Serbian epic poetry collected and published by Vuk Karadžić between 1814 and 1847. The chapter argues that the epic decasyllable is a periodic, trochaic meter and that the prosodic indicators of its trochaic organization include the prosodic word. Drawing on Kristin Hanson and Paul Kiparsky's (1996) paramaterized account of possible metrical forms, it examines the structural properties of the epic decasyllable and proposes a formal account of its metrical organization. The chapter also discusses the place of function words in the verse and describes the interactions among metrical properties that characterize the metrical form using Optimality Theory.Less
This chapter examines the epic decasyllable, a traditional South Slavic folk metrical form, with an emphasis on the so-called Serbo-Croatian poems. In particular, it analyzes the five volumes of Serbian epic poetry collected and published by Vuk Karadžić between 1814 and 1847. The chapter argues that the epic decasyllable is a periodic, trochaic meter and that the prosodic indicators of its trochaic organization include the prosodic word. Drawing on Kristin Hanson and Paul Kiparsky's (1996) paramaterized account of possible metrical forms, it examines the structural properties of the epic decasyllable and proposes a formal account of its metrical organization. The chapter also discusses the place of function words in the verse and describes the interactions among metrical properties that characterize the metrical form using Optimality Theory.
Ranko Bugarski
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804784023
- eISBN:
- 9780804787345
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804784023.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter presents a brief overview of the unusual life story of a language bearing many names but internationally best known as Serbo-Croatian. Its course is traced from its construction at the ...
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This chapter presents a brief overview of the unusual life story of a language bearing many names but internationally best known as Serbo-Croatian. Its course is traced from its construction at the turn of the twentieth century, through its deconstruction some ninety years later, to its eventual reconstruction as several national official languages (Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin) following the Yugoslav wars of succession. The different meanings of the term “Serbo-Croatian” are noted, along with some of the resultant confusion and manipulation. It is concluded that although the four idioms are now legally and politically independent entities, and despite the effects of some divergent trends, in linguistic and communicational terms it still makes sense to see Serbo-Croatian as a single polycentric standardLess
This chapter presents a brief overview of the unusual life story of a language bearing many names but internationally best known as Serbo-Croatian. Its course is traced from its construction at the turn of the twentieth century, through its deconstruction some ninety years later, to its eventual reconstruction as several national official languages (Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin) following the Yugoslav wars of succession. The different meanings of the term “Serbo-Croatian” are noted, along with some of the resultant confusion and manipulation. It is concluded that although the four idioms are now legally and politically independent entities, and despite the effects of some divergent trends, in linguistic and communicational terms it still makes sense to see Serbo-Croatian as a single polycentric standard
Morris Halle and Andrew Nevins
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262182706
- eISBN:
- 9780262255325
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262182706.003.0018
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
This chapter describes a theory of phonology that employs ordered rules and illustrates how it accounts for certain complex phenomena central to the phonologies of three Slavic languages: Russian, ...
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This chapter describes a theory of phonology that employs ordered rules and illustrates how it accounts for certain complex phenomena central to the phonologies of three Slavic languages: Russian, Czech, and Serbo-Croatian. It considers three important principles of phonological rule application, assumes that such application is preceded by morphological structure building, and argues that all Slavic nouns have the tripartite form Root + Theme + Case-Number. The chapter also looks at the genitive plural form of nouns in the Slavic languages.Less
This chapter describes a theory of phonology that employs ordered rules and illustrates how it accounts for certain complex phenomena central to the phonologies of three Slavic languages: Russian, Czech, and Serbo-Croatian. It considers three important principles of phonological rule application, assumes that such application is preceded by morphological structure building, and argues that all Slavic nouns have the tripartite form Root + Theme + Case-Number. The chapter also looks at the genitive plural form of nouns in the Slavic languages.
Boban Arsenijević
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199937363
- eISBN:
- 9780199980710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199937363.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
The chapter investigates the Evaluative Dative Reflexive (EDR), a phenomenon attested in a number of languages and described under different names (coreferential dative in Berman 1982, reflexive ...
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The chapter investigates the Evaluative Dative Reflexive (EDR), a phenomenon attested in a number of languages and described under different names (coreferential dative in Berman 1982, reflexive dative in Borer 2005, personal dative in Horn 2008), as it appears in the southeastern dialects of Serbo-Croatian (SESC). A set of data is presented illustrating that EDR matches its cross-linguistic relatives, and also showing some of the properties either particular to EDR in SESC, or not yet observed in other languages. An analysis is proposed, presenting the EDR as a restrictor of the subject of evaluation in the clause, identifying it with the actual subject of the clause. It is proposed that EDR is syntactically placed in the head of the evaluative mood projection (Mood0 evaluative), where it systematically gets bound by the subject of the clause, that is, the specifier of the tense or topic projection, depending on the analysis assumed. The discussion concludes with a presentation of how each of the empirically observed semantic and syntactic properties of EDR derives from the proposed analysis.Less
The chapter investigates the Evaluative Dative Reflexive (EDR), a phenomenon attested in a number of languages and described under different names (coreferential dative in Berman 1982, reflexive dative in Borer 2005, personal dative in Horn 2008), as it appears in the southeastern dialects of Serbo-Croatian (SESC). A set of data is presented illustrating that EDR matches its cross-linguistic relatives, and also showing some of the properties either particular to EDR in SESC, or not yet observed in other languages. An analysis is proposed, presenting the EDR as a restrictor of the subject of evaluation in the clause, identifying it with the actual subject of the clause. It is proposed that EDR is syntactically placed in the head of the evaluative mood projection (Mood0 evaluative), where it systematically gets bound by the subject of the clause, that is, the specifier of the tense or topic projection, depending on the analysis assumed. The discussion concludes with a presentation of how each of the empirically observed semantic and syntactic properties of EDR derives from the proposed analysis.
Boban Arsenijević and Marko Simonović
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199683239
- eISBN:
- 9780191763212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199683239.003.0011
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Psycholinguistics / Neurolinguistics / Cognitive Linguistics
This chapter analyses a set of interface phenomena showing important correlations between certain phonological regularities on the one hand, and a set of syntactic and semantic properties of the ...
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This chapter analyses a set of interface phenomena showing important correlations between certain phonological regularities on the one hand, and a set of syntactic and semantic properties of the respective expressions on the other. Serbo-Croatian deadjectival nominalizations typically exhibit one of two different prosodic patterns: (1) prosody faithful to the base i.e., surface prosody of the lexical adjective (e.g., Ispraavnoost ‘correctness’, derived from Ispraavan ‘correct’); and (2) a rising span over a long closed penultimate syllable and the syllable following it (e.g., isprAAvnOOst ‘correctness’). The chapter formulates a generalization where, all things being equal, nominalized predicational structures correspond to (1), while nominalized stems correspond to (2). It provides a formal model of the syntactic and semantic as well as the phonological reality of these nominalizations, and an attempt at explaining these facts.Less
This chapter analyses a set of interface phenomena showing important correlations between certain phonological regularities on the one hand, and a set of syntactic and semantic properties of the respective expressions on the other. Serbo-Croatian deadjectival nominalizations typically exhibit one of two different prosodic patterns: (1) prosody faithful to the base i.e., surface prosody of the lexical adjective (e.g., Ispraavnoost ‘correctness’, derived from Ispraavan ‘correct’); and (2) a rising span over a long closed penultimate syllable and the syllable following it (e.g., isprAAvnOOst ‘correctness’). The chapter formulates a generalization where, all things being equal, nominalized predicational structures correspond to (1), while nominalized stems correspond to (2). It provides a formal model of the syntactic and semantic as well as the phonological reality of these nominalizations, and an attempt at explaining these facts.
Anna Bogić
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- August 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190608811
- eISBN:
- 9780190608835
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190608811.003.0017
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Simone de Beauvoir’s famous dictum (“One is not born, but rather becomes, woman”) and The Second Sex appeared in Serbo-Croatian translation (Drugi pol translated by Zorica Milosavljević and Mirjana ...
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Simone de Beauvoir’s famous dictum (“One is not born, but rather becomes, woman”) and The Second Sex appeared in Serbo-Croatian translation (Drugi pol translated by Zorica Milosavljević and Mirjana Vukmirović) in 1982 in Yugoslavia. Socialist Yugoslavia and Yugoslav feminists at the time were an important exception to the trends and ideologies of both the Cold War East and West. In Yugoslav socialism, the meaning of “woman” was shaped by the Yugoslav government’s pursuit of the “women’s emancipation” project assigning women the triple role of mother, worker, and comrade. Despite this socialist project, Beauvoir’s Drugi pol was welcomed by Yugoslav feminists who denounced the continued patriarchal treatment of women under Yugoslav socialism. For these Yugoslav feminists, Beauvoir’s writing exposed the social construction of “nature” as the foundation for women’s subordination. The shifting meaning of “woman” and renewed women’s subordination in a post-socialist society only served to confirm the continued relevance of Beauvoir’s dictum.Less
Simone de Beauvoir’s famous dictum (“One is not born, but rather becomes, woman”) and The Second Sex appeared in Serbo-Croatian translation (Drugi pol translated by Zorica Milosavljević and Mirjana Vukmirović) in 1982 in Yugoslavia. Socialist Yugoslavia and Yugoslav feminists at the time were an important exception to the trends and ideologies of both the Cold War East and West. In Yugoslav socialism, the meaning of “woman” was shaped by the Yugoslav government’s pursuit of the “women’s emancipation” project assigning women the triple role of mother, worker, and comrade. Despite this socialist project, Beauvoir’s Drugi pol was welcomed by Yugoslav feminists who denounced the continued patriarchal treatment of women under Yugoslav socialism. For these Yugoslav feminists, Beauvoir’s writing exposed the social construction of “nature” as the foundation for women’s subordination. The shifting meaning of “woman” and renewed women’s subordination in a post-socialist society only served to confirm the continued relevance of Beauvoir’s dictum.
