Adams Adrian and So Jaabe
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201915
- eISBN:
- 9780191675072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201915.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
In 1968, the year Jaabe So went back to France, Senegal exported mainly groundnuts, and imported foodstuffs, consumer goods, fuel, and equipment, almost exclusively for urban use. Deriving almost ...
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In 1968, the year Jaabe So went back to France, Senegal exported mainly groundnuts, and imported foodstuffs, consumer goods, fuel, and equipment, almost exclusively for urban use. Deriving almost half its revenue from customs duties on imports, the government sought to maintain exports, rather than reduce imports. The Dakar International Fair was created to attract capital investment. Investment in tourism was welcomed. The U.S.-based corporation which set up BUD-Senegal, a large export-oriented market-gardening scheme, received major tax concessions; as did the French corporation which set up the Compagnie Sucrière Sénégalaise at Richard-Toll in the lower Senegal River Valley. After 1968, farmers left the delta in increasing numbers, and plans for bringing further surfaces under cultivation were suspended. The drought intensified, and ever greater numbers of men left to seek work in France, even though conditions for African workers in France were steadily worsening. In 1972, the River Valley suffered total crop failure.Less
In 1968, the year Jaabe So went back to France, Senegal exported mainly groundnuts, and imported foodstuffs, consumer goods, fuel, and equipment, almost exclusively for urban use. Deriving almost half its revenue from customs duties on imports, the government sought to maintain exports, rather than reduce imports. The Dakar International Fair was created to attract capital investment. Investment in tourism was welcomed. The U.S.-based corporation which set up BUD-Senegal, a large export-oriented market-gardening scheme, received major tax concessions; as did the French corporation which set up the Compagnie Sucrière Sénégalaise at Richard-Toll in the lower Senegal River Valley. After 1968, farmers left the delta in increasing numbers, and plans for bringing further surfaces under cultivation were suspended. The drought intensified, and ever greater numbers of men left to seek work in France, even though conditions for African workers in France were steadily worsening. In 1972, the River Valley suffered total crop failure.
Adams Adrian and So Jaabe
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201915
- eISBN:
- 9780191675072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201915.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
From the early 1970s, African migrant workers had been in the news in France; the Union Générale des Travailleurs Sénégalaise en France, founded by Sally Ndongo from Sinthiou-Garba in the Middle ...
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From the early 1970s, African migrant workers had been in the news in France; the Union Générale des Travailleurs Sénégalaise en France, founded by Sally Ndongo from Sinthiou-Garba in the Middle Valley, was active on their behalf. This chapter examines the African dimension of labour migration from the Senegal River Valley to France; and concentrates on the then less well-known Bakel area. The historian Abdoulaye Bathily, whose family is from Tiyaabu, gave letters of introduction, among them one to Papa Kane from Golomi, then Director of the ENEA (Ecole Nationale dʼEconomie Appliquée) in Dakar. In Kuslani, farmers' groups would have to come under the authority of SAED (Societe Nationale dʼAmenagement et dʼExploitation des Terres du Delta du Fleuve Senegal), in order to receive the pumps donated by USAID (United States Agency for International Development). He explained that this was a mere formality; one should be a Senegalese citizen to be entitled to receive such gifts in person.Less
From the early 1970s, African migrant workers had been in the news in France; the Union Générale des Travailleurs Sénégalaise en France, founded by Sally Ndongo from Sinthiou-Garba in the Middle Valley, was active on their behalf. This chapter examines the African dimension of labour migration from the Senegal River Valley to France; and concentrates on the then less well-known Bakel area. The historian Abdoulaye Bathily, whose family is from Tiyaabu, gave letters of introduction, among them one to Papa Kane from Golomi, then Director of the ENEA (Ecole Nationale dʼEconomie Appliquée) in Dakar. In Kuslani, farmers' groups would have to come under the authority of SAED (Societe Nationale dʼAmenagement et dʼExploitation des Terres du Delta du Fleuve Senegal), in order to receive the pumps donated by USAID (United States Agency for International Development). He explained that this was a mere formality; one should be a Senegalese citizen to be entitled to receive such gifts in person.
Jean Schmitz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846311994
- eISBN:
- 9781846315640
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781846311994.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter examines the concealed trajectories of internal slavery in the Senegal River Valley. In particular, it looks at the endogenous trajectories of upward mobility among the slaves of a ...
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This chapter examines the concealed trajectories of internal slavery in the Senegal River Valley. In particular, it looks at the endogenous trajectories of upward mobility among the slaves of a number of Almaami and the impact of new trajectories, inspired by colonial abolitionist ideology (for example, the military and school-teaching), on internal emancipation trajectories. The chapter first discusses Islamic patronage and pre-colonial emancipation in the Senegal River Valley, focusing on patrimonialism, clientelism, and the integration of slaves into the rural poor. It then examines how the ex-slaves' relationships with ex-masters and freemen in general influenced the relative strength of the stigma attached to slave status. A slave's social mobility was determined by the maintenance and renegotiation of dependence. The chapter also considers the transformation of slave–master relations into patron–client relations.Less
This chapter examines the concealed trajectories of internal slavery in the Senegal River Valley. In particular, it looks at the endogenous trajectories of upward mobility among the slaves of a number of Almaami and the impact of new trajectories, inspired by colonial abolitionist ideology (for example, the military and school-teaching), on internal emancipation trajectories. The chapter first discusses Islamic patronage and pre-colonial emancipation in the Senegal River Valley, focusing on patrimonialism, clientelism, and the integration of slaves into the rural poor. It then examines how the ex-slaves' relationships with ex-masters and freemen in general influenced the relative strength of the stigma attached to slave status. A slave's social mobility was determined by the maintenance and renegotiation of dependence. The chapter also considers the transformation of slave–master relations into patron–client relations.
Carolyn Sargent and Stéphanie Larchanché
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226405018
- eISBN:
- 9780226405292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226405292.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
This chapter explores how therapy management groups--that is groups of kin, friends and local practitioners-- in the Senegal River Valley region come together to provide patient care transnationally. ...
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This chapter explores how therapy management groups--that is groups of kin, friends and local practitioners-- in the Senegal River Valley region come together to provide patient care transnationally. In the context of transnational migration to Europe, focusing on how health advice and resources circulate between immigrants and their kin and social networks in their societies of origin. Ethnographic research on immigrants from the Senegal River Valley region living in France indicates that illness continues to mobilize therapy management groups transnationally by allocating material resources, and facilitate knowledge-sharing about sickness etiology and treatment, care-giving, and the interpretation of misfortune. Transnational therapy management networks reinforce affective circuits between migrants, kin, and friends and the viability of both biomedicine and ritual and herbal specialists, even if biomedical and Senegalese spiritual approaches occasionally contradict each other and create tensions. The chapter suggests that the management of illness sustains the transnational reproduction of kinship ties, continuously spurring material, spiritual, and affective connections.Less
This chapter explores how therapy management groups--that is groups of kin, friends and local practitioners-- in the Senegal River Valley region come together to provide patient care transnationally. In the context of transnational migration to Europe, focusing on how health advice and resources circulate between immigrants and their kin and social networks in their societies of origin. Ethnographic research on immigrants from the Senegal River Valley region living in France indicates that illness continues to mobilize therapy management groups transnationally by allocating material resources, and facilitate knowledge-sharing about sickness etiology and treatment, care-giving, and the interpretation of misfortune. Transnational therapy management networks reinforce affective circuits between migrants, kin, and friends and the viability of both biomedicine and ritual and herbal specialists, even if biomedical and Senegalese spiritual approaches occasionally contradict each other and create tensions. The chapter suggests that the management of illness sustains the transnational reproduction of kinship ties, continuously spurring material, spiritual, and affective connections.
