Colin G. Calloway
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195340129
- eISBN:
- 9780199867202
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340129.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
A core component of colonial projects in both the Highlands and Indian North America was to convert the tribal inhabitants, who were assumed to exist at an inferior stage of development. This chapter ...
More
A core component of colonial projects in both the Highlands and Indian North America was to convert the tribal inhabitants, who were assumed to exist at an inferior stage of development. This chapter surveys depictions of tribal life in the Highlands and Indian country to illustrate how contemporaries described tribal peoples on both sides of the Atlantic in almost identical terms. It examines the attitudes and philosophies of the colonizers, their missionary and educational efforts, and the responses of Highland and Indian peoples to such conversion attempts. The Lowland-based Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge was active in mission work in both the Highlands and in Indian country. Scottish Enlightenment theories about human development exerted an important influence on emerging American Indian policy and the thinking of Thomas Jefferson.Less
A core component of colonial projects in both the Highlands and Indian North America was to convert the tribal inhabitants, who were assumed to exist at an inferior stage of development. This chapter surveys depictions of tribal life in the Highlands and Indian country to illustrate how contemporaries described tribal peoples on both sides of the Atlantic in almost identical terms. It examines the attitudes and philosophies of the colonizers, their missionary and educational efforts, and the responses of Highland and Indian peoples to such conversion attempts. The Lowland-based Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge was active in mission work in both the Highlands and in Indian country. Scottish Enlightenment theories about human development exerted an important influence on emerging American Indian policy and the thinking of Thomas Jefferson.
Tanja Bueltmann
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748641550
- eISBN:
- 9780748653553
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748641550.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
The 1860s witnessed an increase in the number of Scottish clubs and societies, as well as a surge in the popularity of events such as Highland Games, all over the world, bringing New Zealand in line ...
More
The 1860s witnessed an increase in the number of Scottish clubs and societies, as well as a surge in the popularity of events such as Highland Games, all over the world, bringing New Zealand in line with developments in the wider Scottish Diaspora. These convergencies notwithstanding, Scottish associationalism was not uniform across the Diaspora; the types of Scottish associations, their structures and objectives varied between the Scots’ places of settlement. With this important point in mind, this chapter explores the evolution of Scottish associational life in New Zealand.Less
The 1860s witnessed an increase in the number of Scottish clubs and societies, as well as a surge in the popularity of events such as Highland Games, all over the world, bringing New Zealand in line with developments in the wider Scottish Diaspora. These convergencies notwithstanding, Scottish associationalism was not uniform across the Diaspora; the types of Scottish associations, their structures and objectives varied between the Scots’ places of settlement. With this important point in mind, this chapter explores the evolution of Scottish associational life in New Zealand.
Murray Stewart Leith and Daniel P. J. Soule
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748637362
- eISBN:
- 9780748652914
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748637362.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This book addresses issues of national identity and nationalism in Scotland from a political and linguistic perspective, comparing a variety of attitudes and opinions from the political elite to the ...
More
This book addresses issues of national identity and nationalism in Scotland from a political and linguistic perspective, comparing a variety of attitudes and opinions from the political elite to the masses, and examining the nature of national identity held by members of these groups and the differences within and between them. There is consideration of non-civic aspects of national identity, as well as a measure of political party nationalism in Scotland over the past forty years that illustrates the ideological movements of each major party during this period. This work also represents the first comprehensive examination of the discourse involved in the expression of national identity within Scottish politics and society, combining quantitative and discourse analysis methods to illustrate the articulation of national identity by differing groups in different contexts.Less
This book addresses issues of national identity and nationalism in Scotland from a political and linguistic perspective, comparing a variety of attitudes and opinions from the political elite to the masses, and examining the nature of national identity held by members of these groups and the differences within and between them. There is consideration of non-civic aspects of national identity, as well as a measure of political party nationalism in Scotland over the past forty years that illustrates the ideological movements of each major party during this period. This work also represents the first comprehensive examination of the discourse involved in the expression of national identity within Scottish politics and society, combining quantitative and discourse analysis methods to illustrate the articulation of national identity by differing groups in different contexts.
Lindsey Flewelling
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940452
- eISBN:
- 9781789629361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940452.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter surveys the immigration and identity formation of the Scotch-Irish in America during the nineteenth century. Two ethnic organizations, the Scotch-Irish Society of America and the Loyal ...
More
This chapter surveys the immigration and identity formation of the Scotch-Irish in America during the nineteenth century. Two ethnic organizations, the Scotch-Irish Society of America and the Loyal Orange Institution of the United States, are analysed as windows to Scotch-Irish ties back to Ireland the involvement in the unionist cause. The chapter explores the ways in which the Scotch-Irish responded to Irish-American calls for Home Rule and independence, attempted to support the unionists, and remained connected to Ireland. The Scotch-Irish were influenced by and remained interested in conditions in Ireland. In addition, the Ulster Scots themselves were affected by the actions and legacy of the Scotch-Irish. They used Scotch-Irish ethnic heritage to help form their own “Ulsterman” identity, which was in turn utilized to unify the unionist movement.Less
This chapter surveys the immigration and identity formation of the Scotch-Irish in America during the nineteenth century. Two ethnic organizations, the Scotch-Irish Society of America and the Loyal Orange Institution of the United States, are analysed as windows to Scotch-Irish ties back to Ireland the involvement in the unionist cause. The chapter explores the ways in which the Scotch-Irish responded to Irish-American calls for Home Rule and independence, attempted to support the unionists, and remained connected to Ireland. The Scotch-Irish were influenced by and remained interested in conditions in Ireland. In addition, the Ulster Scots themselves were affected by the actions and legacy of the Scotch-Irish. They used Scotch-Irish ethnic heritage to help form their own “Ulsterman” identity, which was in turn utilized to unify the unionist movement.
Richard J. Finlay
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263310
- eISBN:
- 9780191734144
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263310.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter demonstrates that Queen Victoria had a talent for interpreting and manipulating history, adopting national identities and evoking a significant response. It also discusses the English ...
More
This chapter demonstrates that Queen Victoria had a talent for interpreting and manipulating history, adopting national identities and evoking a significant response. It also discusses the English reaction when the ‘Stone of Destiny’ was (briefly) taken from Westminster Abbey in 1950 by nationalist students from Glasgow University. It specifically explores Scottish perceptions of the monarchy as part of a wider British identity in Scotland. It begins by briefly outlining the ways in which Victoria re-established the notion of monarchy in Scottish society. The contrast between the popular perception of Victoria and her heir, Edward, is examined to illustrate how notions of Scottishness were significant in identifying the attitudes towards the monarchy. It then addresses the period surrounding the coronation of Queen Elizabeth as it took place in 1953, the 350th anniversary of the Union of the Crowns. It further evaluates some of the reasons why the effect of monarchy as a unifying factor in British identity has decreased in Scotland over the last twenty years. There has been a steady decline in the number of Scots who served in the armed forces in the period after 1945.Less
This chapter demonstrates that Queen Victoria had a talent for interpreting and manipulating history, adopting national identities and evoking a significant response. It also discusses the English reaction when the ‘Stone of Destiny’ was (briefly) taken from Westminster Abbey in 1950 by nationalist students from Glasgow University. It specifically explores Scottish perceptions of the monarchy as part of a wider British identity in Scotland. It begins by briefly outlining the ways in which Victoria re-established the notion of monarchy in Scottish society. The contrast between the popular perception of Victoria and her heir, Edward, is examined to illustrate how notions of Scottishness were significant in identifying the attitudes towards the monarchy. It then addresses the period surrounding the coronation of Queen Elizabeth as it took place in 1953, the 350th anniversary of the Union of the Crowns. It further evaluates some of the reasons why the effect of monarchy as a unifying factor in British identity has decreased in Scotland over the last twenty years. There has been a steady decline in the number of Scots who served in the armed forces in the period after 1945.
Tanja Bueltmann
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748641550
- eISBN:
- 9780748653553
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748641550.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
Sentimental expressions of Scottish identity played their part in the shaping of Scottish associational life. Many of the Scots who chose to become members of associations created a social and ...
More
Sentimental expressions of Scottish identity played their part in the shaping of Scottish associational life. Many of the Scots who chose to become members of associations created a social and celebratory Scottishness in a fully conscious act of manufacture, because they were keen to preserve their homeland culture. They were driven, at least in part, by melancholy, a sense of longing underlying their desire to wallow in memories of ‘auld Scotia’. However, to fully understand Scottish associationalism in New Zealand, it is necessary to move behind the façade of such romantic perceptions of Scottishness, exploring the organisational structures of the different societies that served as vehicles for ethnic expression; their membership bases; and the connections that existed between members within and outside of the associational bounds. While the previous chapter was organised in terms of the periodisation of associational culture, this chapter is thematically arranged.Less
Sentimental expressions of Scottish identity played their part in the shaping of Scottish associational life. Many of the Scots who chose to become members of associations created a social and celebratory Scottishness in a fully conscious act of manufacture, because they were keen to preserve their homeland culture. They were driven, at least in part, by melancholy, a sense of longing underlying their desire to wallow in memories of ‘auld Scotia’. However, to fully understand Scottish associationalism in New Zealand, it is necessary to move behind the façade of such romantic perceptions of Scottishness, exploring the organisational structures of the different societies that served as vehicles for ethnic expression; their membership bases; and the connections that existed between members within and outside of the associational bounds. While the previous chapter was organised in terms of the periodisation of associational culture, this chapter is thematically arranged.
Gerry Hassan (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748617845
- eISBN:
- 9780748672097
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748617845.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Scottish Labour has been the dominant political party in Scotland for over 40 years. This book considers the contemporary party, analysing it in the context of Scottish politics, Scotland, and the ...
More
Scottish Labour has been the dominant political party in Scotland for over 40 years. This book considers the contemporary party, analysing it in the context of Scottish politics, Scotland, and the UK, as well as drawing international comparisons. A range of areas are covered: the chronology of events over the life of the party; the party's internal structures and culture, and its role in Scottish society; Labour's role as Scotland's leading party, its institutional role and its wider relationship with Scottish society; the role of the Labour movement. Key themes include the development of Scottish Labour as Scottish politics has changed with devolution; its often difficult relationship with devolution; home rule and the rise of the SNP; and the impact of Scottish Labour's relationship with the UK Labour party. The book looks at not only the history of the Scottish Labour Party, but also the contemporary party; features a mix of contributors to ensure a variety of perspectives — from academics and journalists to political commentators and public policy experts; and places Scottish Labour within a national and international context.Less
Scottish Labour has been the dominant political party in Scotland for over 40 years. This book considers the contemporary party, analysing it in the context of Scottish politics, Scotland, and the UK, as well as drawing international comparisons. A range of areas are covered: the chronology of events over the life of the party; the party's internal structures and culture, and its role in Scottish society; Labour's role as Scotland's leading party, its institutional role and its wider relationship with Scottish society; the role of the Labour movement. Key themes include the development of Scottish Labour as Scottish politics has changed with devolution; its often difficult relationship with devolution; home rule and the rise of the SNP; and the impact of Scottish Labour's relationship with the UK Labour party. The book looks at not only the history of the Scottish Labour Party, but also the contemporary party; features a mix of contributors to ensure a variety of perspectives — from academics and journalists to political commentators and public policy experts; and places Scottish Labour within a national and international context.
Michael Brown
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748633326
- eISBN:
- 9780748672127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633326.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Robert Bruce secured his own peace treaty with England. The character of the war continued to be shaped by the strategies pursued by the Bruce brothers and by the fragmented nature of the English war ...
More
Robert Bruce secured his own peace treaty with England. The character of the war continued to be shaped by the strategies pursued by the Bruce brothers and by the fragmented nature of the English war effort. Bannockburn had a direct effect on Bruce's hopes of founding a dynasty. It also had a key significance in shifting the character of Scottish political society. Within Scotland, the importance of Bannockburn was in its strengthening of the Bruce dynasty. The significance of Bannockburn was the royal wars and the politics of the English and Scottish realms. It also represented a key turning point in the fortunes and attitudes of many of the aristocratic dynasties. As a symbol of Scotland's status as a fully sovereign and separate realm and community and of the limits to the power of the English crown, Bannockburn captures an era of conflict and competing national identities.Less
Robert Bruce secured his own peace treaty with England. The character of the war continued to be shaped by the strategies pursued by the Bruce brothers and by the fragmented nature of the English war effort. Bannockburn had a direct effect on Bruce's hopes of founding a dynasty. It also had a key significance in shifting the character of Scottish political society. Within Scotland, the importance of Bannockburn was in its strengthening of the Bruce dynasty. The significance of Bannockburn was the royal wars and the politics of the English and Scottish realms. It also represented a key turning point in the fortunes and attitudes of many of the aristocratic dynasties. As a symbol of Scotland's status as a fully sovereign and separate realm and community and of the limits to the power of the English crown, Bannockburn captures an era of conflict and competing national identities.
Cynthia J. Neville
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748639588
- eISBN:
- 9780748653492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748639588.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This chapter evaluates the other end of the social spectrum — the people at the lower ranks of Scottish society who experienced unfreedom and servility in the period between roughly 1100 and the ...
More
This chapter evaluates the other end of the social spectrum — the people at the lower ranks of Scottish society who experienced unfreedom and servility in the period between roughly 1100 and the middle years of the fourteenth century. It explores the ways in which the changing economic, political, and social landscapes that marked the ‘Anglo-Norman era’ in Scotland affected people of low social rank, especially native Gaels. It argues that the conditions which transformed the social and legal status of a broad spectrum of the indigenous population in Ireland after 1171 were in many respects similar to those which affected peasants in the course of the ‘Normanisation’ of Scotland. It applies the methodologies and findings of Irish historians to Scottish charter texts in an effort to detect the otherwise muted voices of the tillers of the soil.Less
This chapter evaluates the other end of the social spectrum — the people at the lower ranks of Scottish society who experienced unfreedom and servility in the period between roughly 1100 and the middle years of the fourteenth century. It explores the ways in which the changing economic, political, and social landscapes that marked the ‘Anglo-Norman era’ in Scotland affected people of low social rank, especially native Gaels. It argues that the conditions which transformed the social and legal status of a broad spectrum of the indigenous population in Ireland after 1171 were in many respects similar to those which affected peasants in the course of the ‘Normanisation’ of Scotland. It applies the methodologies and findings of Irish historians to Scottish charter texts in an effort to detect the otherwise muted voices of the tillers of the soil.
Richard Finlay
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748639908
- eISBN:
- 9780748672080
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748639908.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter investigates the Scottish National Party (SNP)'s evolution from the inter-war period to the mid-1960s. Its early history was dominated by the competing strategies of either seeking a ...
More
This chapter investigates the Scottish National Party (SNP)'s evolution from the inter-war period to the mid-1960s. Its early history was dominated by the competing strategies of either seeking a cast-iron electoral mandate by means of a dedicated political party or the pressure group method which was quicker and less costly, but also less secure. The Scots National League, the Scottish National Movement, the Glasgow University Student Nationalist Association and activists in the Scottish Home Rule Association produced the National Party of Scotland. The emergence of the Scottish Party was an opportunity to broaden the appeal of the nationalist movement and extend to the mainstream of Scottish society. The external environment was beginning to change in favour of the SNP by the mid-1960s. The success of the late 1960s and early 1970s were crucial in putting to bed the divisions that had plagued the party in its formative years.Less
This chapter investigates the Scottish National Party (SNP)'s evolution from the inter-war period to the mid-1960s. Its early history was dominated by the competing strategies of either seeking a cast-iron electoral mandate by means of a dedicated political party or the pressure group method which was quicker and less costly, but also less secure. The Scots National League, the Scottish National Movement, the Glasgow University Student Nationalist Association and activists in the Scottish Home Rule Association produced the National Party of Scotland. The emergence of the Scottish Party was an opportunity to broaden the appeal of the nationalist movement and extend to the mainstream of Scottish society. The external environment was beginning to change in favour of the SNP by the mid-1960s. The success of the late 1960s and early 1970s were crucial in putting to bed the divisions that had plagued the party in its formative years.
Cynthia J. Neville
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748639588
- eISBN:
- 9780748653492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748639588.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This chapter examines the importance of perambulation in medieval Scottish society. It reviews the work of legal historians on the origins of the royal brieve that, as early as the reign of David I, ...
More
This chapter examines the importance of perambulation in medieval Scottish society. It reviews the work of legal historians on the origins of the royal brieve that, as early as the reign of David I, initiated as a matter of routine the act of perambulating the marches of an estate. It evaluates the steadily increasing popularity of the procedure after 1124, the ways in which it was carried out, and the identity both of the litigants who sought to settle disputes with recourse to perambulation and the witness upon whose expertise they depended. It also discusses the act of perambulation within the wider context of the social and cultural history of ‘Anglo-Norman era’ Scotland, and emphasizes the usefulness of treating the process as a lens through which to explore the ways in which the intermingling of Gaelic and European customs shaped the early development of Scottish law.Less
This chapter examines the importance of perambulation in medieval Scottish society. It reviews the work of legal historians on the origins of the royal brieve that, as early as the reign of David I, initiated as a matter of routine the act of perambulating the marches of an estate. It evaluates the steadily increasing popularity of the procedure after 1124, the ways in which it was carried out, and the identity both of the litigants who sought to settle disputes with recourse to perambulation and the witness upon whose expertise they depended. It also discusses the act of perambulation within the wider context of the social and cultural history of ‘Anglo-Norman era’ Scotland, and emphasizes the usefulness of treating the process as a lens through which to explore the ways in which the intermingling of Gaelic and European customs shaped the early development of Scottish law.
Douglas J. Hamilton
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719071829
- eISBN:
- 9781781702321
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719071829.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter focuses on the repatriation of the Scots from the West Indies. It reviews the ways in which the returnees spent their Caribbean fortunes and suggests that returnees from the Caribbean ...
More
This chapter focuses on the repatriation of the Scots from the West Indies. It reviews the ways in which the returnees spent their Caribbean fortunes and suggests that returnees from the Caribbean and their wealth had a profound influence on late eighteenth-century Scottish society. It discusses how the group which originated in Scotland, was developed in the West Indies, and finally settled in and around Bristol and became an integral part of the civic community there. In addition to returning Scots, there were also young West Indians who were sent to Scotland to be educated and they are mostly the children of Scottish migrants to the Caribbean.Less
This chapter focuses on the repatriation of the Scots from the West Indies. It reviews the ways in which the returnees spent their Caribbean fortunes and suggests that returnees from the Caribbean and their wealth had a profound influence on late eighteenth-century Scottish society. It discusses how the group which originated in Scotland, was developed in the West Indies, and finally settled in and around Bristol and became an integral part of the civic community there. In addition to returning Scots, there were also young West Indians who were sent to Scotland to be educated and they are mostly the children of Scottish migrants to the Caribbean.
Michael Brown
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748612376
- eISBN:
- 9780748672301
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748612376.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
In the six decades before 1357 Scotland had been a land of war. While the ten years from 1322 provided an interlude of relative peace, the overall character of the period was set by conflict. The ...
More
In the six decades before 1357 Scotland had been a land of war. While the ten years from 1322 provided an interlude of relative peace, the overall character of the period was set by conflict. The impact of these wars stretched far beyond the actual campaigning, and meant that much of Scottish society had altered to meet the needs of ongoing warfare. The issues arising from the years of major war would continue to dominate events and attitudes in Scotland throughout the late 1350s and 1360s. The result of the period was to see the working-out of the legacy of war, confirming and making plain the changes to the kingdom and community.Less
In the six decades before 1357 Scotland had been a land of war. While the ten years from 1322 provided an interlude of relative peace, the overall character of the period was set by conflict. The impact of these wars stretched far beyond the actual campaigning, and meant that much of Scottish society had altered to meet the needs of ongoing warfare. The issues arising from the years of major war would continue to dominate events and attitudes in Scotland throughout the late 1350s and 1360s. The result of the period was to see the working-out of the legacy of war, confirming and making plain the changes to the kingdom and community.
Lynn Abrams and Elizabeth L. Ewan (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781474403894
- eISBN:
- 9781474430951
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474403894.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine ...
More
What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish historyLess
What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history
Grietjie Verhoef
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199657964
- eISBN:
- 9780191744709
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199657964.003.0014
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business, Business History
This chapter traces the history of the South African insurance industry. The first South African insurance company to be founded in Cape Colony was the Zuid-Afrikaansche Brand en Levensversekering ...
More
This chapter traces the history of the South African insurance industry. The first South African insurance company to be founded in Cape Colony was the Zuid-Afrikaansche Brand en Levensversekering Maatschappij in December 1835. A decade later this was followed by the formation of the South African Mutual Life Assurance Society in 1945, which modelled itself on the Scottish Equitable Mutual Life Assurance Society, which was later called Old Mutual. The general growth in the sector continued until by 1861, more than twenty insurance companies operated in the Cape. After the mineral discoveries in the late 1860s, many UK companies extended their business to Johannesburg, while Australian, American, and New Zealand insurance concerns also sought benefit from the rapidly growing urban population and the high risks associated with the mining industry. By the turn of the century, more than fifty foreign insurance companies were doing business in the Cape alone.Less
This chapter traces the history of the South African insurance industry. The first South African insurance company to be founded in Cape Colony was the Zuid-Afrikaansche Brand en Levensversekering Maatschappij in December 1835. A decade later this was followed by the formation of the South African Mutual Life Assurance Society in 1945, which modelled itself on the Scottish Equitable Mutual Life Assurance Society, which was later called Old Mutual. The general growth in the sector continued until by 1861, more than twenty insurance companies operated in the Cape. After the mineral discoveries in the late 1860s, many UK companies extended their business to Johannesburg, while Australian, American, and New Zealand insurance concerns also sought benefit from the rapidly growing urban population and the high risks associated with the mining industry. By the turn of the century, more than fifty foreign insurance companies were doing business in the Cape alone.
Douglas Hamilton
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719071829
- eISBN:
- 9781781702321
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719071829.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This book is wholly devoted to assessing the array of links between Scotland and the Caribbean in the later eighteenth century. It uses a wide range of archival sources to paint a detailed picture of ...
More
This book is wholly devoted to assessing the array of links between Scotland and the Caribbean in the later eighteenth century. It uses a wide range of archival sources to paint a detailed picture of the lives of thousands of Scots who sought fortunes and opportunities, as Burns wrote, ‘across th' Atlantic roar’. The book outlines the range of their occupations as planters, merchants, slave owners, doctors, overseers and politicians, and shows how Caribbean connections affected Scottish society during the period of ‘improvement’. The book highlights the Scots' reinvention of the system of clanship to structure their social relations in the empire and finds that involvement in the Caribbean also bound Scots and English together in a shared Atlantic imperial enterprise and played a key role in the emergence of the British nation and the Atlantic world.Less
This book is wholly devoted to assessing the array of links between Scotland and the Caribbean in the later eighteenth century. It uses a wide range of archival sources to paint a detailed picture of the lives of thousands of Scots who sought fortunes and opportunities, as Burns wrote, ‘across th' Atlantic roar’. The book outlines the range of their occupations as planters, merchants, slave owners, doctors, overseers and politicians, and shows how Caribbean connections affected Scottish society during the period of ‘improvement’. The book highlights the Scots' reinvention of the system of clanship to structure their social relations in the empire and finds that involvement in the Caribbean also bound Scots and English together in a shared Atlantic imperial enterprise and played a key role in the emergence of the British nation and the Atlantic world.
Michael Brown
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748612376
- eISBN:
- 9780748672301
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748612376.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
By late 1314 Robert Bruce's stature and security had grown immensely and allowed him to demand fealty of all Scots on pain of forfeiture of their lands in his realm. Such gains had not lifted the ...
More
By late 1314 Robert Bruce's stature and security had grown immensely and allowed him to demand fealty of all Scots on pain of forfeiture of their lands in his realm. Such gains had not lifted the shadow of his usurpation, his seizure of the throne in violation of previous oaths to both King John and Edward I. Robert's task as king of Scots extended beyond meeting and fending off the challenges of war and disputed allegiance. He also needed to forge the structures of government and lordship which would cement the position of his dynasty. While the thirteenth-century monarchy provided a pattern for Bruce's kingship, Robert ruled a realm deeply affected by the impact and continuing needs of war. His success meant not a simple return to past relationships and rules, but a new personal and political balance. It was Robert, far more than Edward I, who had cut a swathe through the Scottish political establishment.Less
By late 1314 Robert Bruce's stature and security had grown immensely and allowed him to demand fealty of all Scots on pain of forfeiture of their lands in his realm. Such gains had not lifted the shadow of his usurpation, his seizure of the throne in violation of previous oaths to both King John and Edward I. Robert's task as king of Scots extended beyond meeting and fending off the challenges of war and disputed allegiance. He also needed to forge the structures of government and lordship which would cement the position of his dynasty. While the thirteenth-century monarchy provided a pattern for Bruce's kingship, Robert ruled a realm deeply affected by the impact and continuing needs of war. His success meant not a simple return to past relationships and rules, but a new personal and political balance. It was Robert, far more than Edward I, who had cut a swathe through the Scottish political establishment.
Roddy Simpson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748654611
- eISBN:
- 9780748676729
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748654611.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Photography quickly became an important and pervasive part of Victorian society reflecting tastes and interests. In an atmosphere of consumerism there was huge demand to own photographs and ...
More
Photography quickly became an important and pervasive part of Victorian society reflecting tastes and interests. In an atmosphere of consumerism there was huge demand to own photographs and commercial photographers responded to this, resulting in an almost industrial level of production. This chapter is about photography as a product, where the purpose was to produce images which would sell and cater to popular demand. This photography was only innovative in improving the efficiency of the means of production, introducing different product lines and responding to changes in taste. Quality and originality in the image produced was not the over-riding consideration. However, among the mass of commercial photographers, there were some very competent practitioners and a few whose work transcended commercial considerations.Less
Photography quickly became an important and pervasive part of Victorian society reflecting tastes and interests. In an atmosphere of consumerism there was huge demand to own photographs and commercial photographers responded to this, resulting in an almost industrial level of production. This chapter is about photography as a product, where the purpose was to produce images which would sell and cater to popular demand. This photography was only innovative in improving the efficiency of the means of production, introducing different product lines and responding to changes in taste. Quality and originality in the image produced was not the over-riding consideration. However, among the mass of commercial photographers, there were some very competent practitioners and a few whose work transcended commercial considerations.
Roddy Simpson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780748654611
- eISBN:
- 9780748676729
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748654611.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Since 2001 the author of this book has tutored a popular course at the University of Edinburgh on the photography of Victorian Scotland. This book is based on the course and has been written because ...
More
Since 2001 the author of this book has tutored a popular course at the University of Edinburgh on the photography of Victorian Scotland. This book is based on the course and has been written because there is no single publication that covers the subject. It provides a multi-faceted insight into Victorian Scotland covering art and science, literature and tourism, religion and industrialisation, colonialism and social conditions, and more, with the direct and tangible contact that photography provides.Less
Since 2001 the author of this book has tutored a popular course at the University of Edinburgh on the photography of Victorian Scotland. This book is based on the course and has been written because there is no single publication that covers the subject. It provides a multi-faceted insight into Victorian Scotland covering art and science, literature and tourism, religion and industrialisation, colonialism and social conditions, and more, with the direct and tangible contact that photography provides.
