Aitor Anduaga
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199562725
- eISBN:
- 9780191721755
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562725.003.0003
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
The development of radio and ionospheric physics in Australia is inseparable from that of the Empire. But specific circumstances of time and place, however, coloured local advances in different ways. ...
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The development of radio and ionospheric physics in Australia is inseparable from that of the Empire. But specific circumstances of time and place, however, coloured local advances in different ways. As in Britain, two deep-seated research traditions converged in Australia. The British influence on these fields reached its peak in the early stages and then suffered a continued decline. But in this regression the Australian community showed a mixture of longing for rivalry and a certain traditional veneration for British scientific authority, in contrast to increasingly profound respect for American technological expertise. Before nationhood was achieved in Australia, the modest community of radiophysicists managed to reconcile a sense of nationality with the openness to international stimulus, beyond the imperial horizon. The transit from a dependent Dominion towards independence had, therefore, its scientific echoes.Less
The development of radio and ionospheric physics in Australia is inseparable from that of the Empire. But specific circumstances of time and place, however, coloured local advances in different ways. As in Britain, two deep-seated research traditions converged in Australia. The British influence on these fields reached its peak in the early stages and then suffered a continued decline. But in this regression the Australian community showed a mixture of longing for rivalry and a certain traditional veneration for British scientific authority, in contrast to increasingly profound respect for American technological expertise. Before nationhood was achieved in Australia, the modest community of radiophysicists managed to reconcile a sense of nationality with the openness to international stimulus, beyond the imperial horizon. The transit from a dependent Dominion towards independence had, therefore, its scientific echoes.
Abena Dove Osseo-Asare
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226085524
- eISBN:
- 9780226086163
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226086163.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter situates hoodia within the longer history of the creation of healing plant Diasporas in South Africa from San settlement up through the process of plant prospecting at the Council for ...
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This chapter situates hoodia within the longer history of the creation of healing plant Diasporas in South Africa from San settlement up through the process of plant prospecting at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in Pretoria. This story emphasizes that both plants and people move, and questions the extent to which hoodia is indelibly “San”, given that it did not figure prominently in earlier depictions of Bushmen nutrition and that Afrikaaner communities historically used hoodia, too. The chapter examines herbarium records and the research of the Marshall family, Richard Borshay Lee, and the Harvard-Smithsonian Kalahari Study and finds little mention of Hoodia among San in the Kalahari. This shows the pitfalls of tying plant property to specific communities through benefit sharing in Southern Africa. The chapter indicates traditional knowledge has been constituted in the context of scientific research, building on studies of nutrition and health in South Africa.Less
This chapter situates hoodia within the longer history of the creation of healing plant Diasporas in South Africa from San settlement up through the process of plant prospecting at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in Pretoria. This story emphasizes that both plants and people move, and questions the extent to which hoodia is indelibly “San”, given that it did not figure prominently in earlier depictions of Bushmen nutrition and that Afrikaaner communities historically used hoodia, too. The chapter examines herbarium records and the research of the Marshall family, Richard Borshay Lee, and the Harvard-Smithsonian Kalahari Study and finds little mention of Hoodia among San in the Kalahari. This shows the pitfalls of tying plant property to specific communities through benefit sharing in Southern Africa. The chapter indicates traditional knowledge has been constituted in the context of scientific research, building on studies of nutrition and health in South Africa.
Abena Dove Osseo-Asare
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226085524
- eISBN:
- 9780226086163
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226086163.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Ghanaian scientists and healers vied for rights to a promising treatment for drug-resistant malaria, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. During the colonial period, healers developed therapies for malaria ...
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Ghanaian scientists and healers vied for rights to a promising treatment for drug-resistant malaria, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. During the colonial period, healers developed therapies for malaria even though government did not see the disease as a problem for Africans. Ghanaian scientists then re-examined traditional therapies for malaria and other diseases through a nationalized plant screening exercise in the 1950s and 60s. The co-founders of Ghana’s Centre for Scientific Research into Plant Medicine, the physician Oku Ampofo and pharmacist Albert Nii Tackie led research on roots of Cryptolepis. Given economic and political setbacks in the 1980s and 1990s, the team privatized their research through the US-based firm Phyto-Riker, leading to tensions with healers and other scientists. Because harvesting the plant’s roots is unsustainable, Ghanaian plant experts fear this promising treatment for malaria will flounder, even as the world looks increasingly to plant-based cures for the disease.Less
Ghanaian scientists and healers vied for rights to a promising treatment for drug-resistant malaria, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. During the colonial period, healers developed therapies for malaria even though government did not see the disease as a problem for Africans. Ghanaian scientists then re-examined traditional therapies for malaria and other diseases through a nationalized plant screening exercise in the 1950s and 60s. The co-founders of Ghana’s Centre for Scientific Research into Plant Medicine, the physician Oku Ampofo and pharmacist Albert Nii Tackie led research on roots of Cryptolepis. Given economic and political setbacks in the 1980s and 1990s, the team privatized their research through the US-based firm Phyto-Riker, leading to tensions with healers and other scientists. Because harvesting the plant’s roots is unsustainable, Ghanaian plant experts fear this promising treatment for malaria will flounder, even as the world looks increasingly to plant-based cures for the disease.
Alessandro Antonello
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190907174
- eISBN:
- 9780190907204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190907174.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, Political History
This chapter investigates the debates surrounding possible exploitation of minerals in Antarctica between 1969 and 1977. In the late 1960s several mineral and oil companies began investigating ...
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This chapter investigates the debates surrounding possible exploitation of minerals in Antarctica between 1969 and 1977. In the late 1960s several mineral and oil companies began investigating whether Antarctica could be exploited. This worried the Antarctic Treaty parties, for there was no agreed upon framework for regulating mineral exploitation. In the context of (apparent) global resource scarcity and the spread of offshore oil exploitation in the Arctic, the treaty parties tried to develop a framework for managing mineral exploitation. Although by 1977 they had only agreed on a moratorium, this chapter demonstrates the contours of their debates, especially the temporalities of their negotiations (focused on the future), and the centrality of the concept of “environmental impact” in the conceptual frameworks of both scientists and diplomats.Less
This chapter investigates the debates surrounding possible exploitation of minerals in Antarctica between 1969 and 1977. In the late 1960s several mineral and oil companies began investigating whether Antarctica could be exploited. This worried the Antarctic Treaty parties, for there was no agreed upon framework for regulating mineral exploitation. In the context of (apparent) global resource scarcity and the spread of offshore oil exploitation in the Arctic, the treaty parties tried to develop a framework for managing mineral exploitation. Although by 1977 they had only agreed on a moratorium, this chapter demonstrates the contours of their debates, especially the temporalities of their negotiations (focused on the future), and the centrality of the concept of “environmental impact” in the conceptual frameworks of both scientists and diplomats.
Alessandro Antonello
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190907174
- eISBN:
- 9780190907204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190907174.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, Political History
This chapter investigates the scientific arguments for and diplomatic negotiation of the conservation of Antarctic wildlife between 1959 and 1964. The subject of wildlife conservation was raised by ...
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This chapter investigates the scientific arguments for and diplomatic negotiation of the conservation of Antarctic wildlife between 1959 and 1964. The subject of wildlife conservation was raised by biologists working within the newly created Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), and they proposed a series of measures to the Antarctic Treaty consultative parties. The treaty parties negotiated the matter, passing the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora in 1964. This chapter argues that nature conservation became a tool of advancement and power both for biologists, who wanted institutional standing within the Antarctic scientific community, and for diplomats, who wanted to fill the gaps and silences of the Antarctic Treaty with meaning and with structures for controlling each other. The Agreed Measures were the first step away from the geophysical conception of Antarctica that undergirded the negotiation of the Antarctic Treaty.Less
This chapter investigates the scientific arguments for and diplomatic negotiation of the conservation of Antarctic wildlife between 1959 and 1964. The subject of wildlife conservation was raised by biologists working within the newly created Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), and they proposed a series of measures to the Antarctic Treaty consultative parties. The treaty parties negotiated the matter, passing the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora in 1964. This chapter argues that nature conservation became a tool of advancement and power both for biologists, who wanted institutional standing within the Antarctic scientific community, and for diplomats, who wanted to fill the gaps and silences of the Antarctic Treaty with meaning and with structures for controlling each other. The Agreed Measures were the first step away from the geophysical conception of Antarctica that undergirded the negotiation of the Antarctic Treaty.
Alessandro Antonello
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190907174
- eISBN:
- 9780190907204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190907174.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, Political History
This chapter analyzes the scientific and diplomatic debates on the question of sealing and seal conservation from 1964 to 1972, particularly the negotiation of the Convention for the Conservation of ...
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This chapter analyzes the scientific and diplomatic debates on the question of sealing and seal conservation from 1964 to 1972, particularly the negotiation of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals. Because the Antarctic Treaty did not apply to the high seas, both scientists and diplomats noted that their 1964 conservation efforts did not cover animals, such as seals and penguins, when they were in the ocean. This gap seemed problematic when there was a push in the mid-1960s to renew commercial sealing in the Antarctic. The Antarctic Treaty parties thus committed to negotiating a treaty to cover seals in the high seas. They persisted in negotiating this agreement even when the prospect of renewed sealing lapsed, because seals and sealing became a useful subject by which the treaty parties, and scientists within SCAR, could continue to mark out their authority and positions for the Antarctic.Less
This chapter analyzes the scientific and diplomatic debates on the question of sealing and seal conservation from 1964 to 1972, particularly the negotiation of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals. Because the Antarctic Treaty did not apply to the high seas, both scientists and diplomats noted that their 1964 conservation efforts did not cover animals, such as seals and penguins, when they were in the ocean. This gap seemed problematic when there was a push in the mid-1960s to renew commercial sealing in the Antarctic. The Antarctic Treaty parties thus committed to negotiating a treaty to cover seals in the high seas. They persisted in negotiating this agreement even when the prospect of renewed sealing lapsed, because seals and sealing became a useful subject by which the treaty parties, and scientists within SCAR, could continue to mark out their authority and positions for the Antarctic.
Lauri L. Hyers
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190256692
- eISBN:
- 9780190856823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190256692.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter discusses how to analyze and write up a qualitative diary research report. In qualitative diary studies, the summative narrative developed by the researcher is as integral to the report ...
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This chapter discusses how to analyze and write up a qualitative diary research report. In qualitative diary studies, the summative narrative developed by the researcher is as integral to the report as is the more elaborated narrative provided by each diarist. Distilling individual diaries into a cohesive and concise report and many other challenges face researchers writing reports using complex diary data. After considering some of the practical aspects of writing up diary research studies, such as targeting and tailoring reports to non-academic, applied, or scholarly outlets, the majority of the chapter will turn to analyzing and coding of diary data and report-writing specifically for scholarly outlets. Data analysis and report writing are treated together because these are typically concurrent tasks in qualitative research studies.Less
This chapter discusses how to analyze and write up a qualitative diary research report. In qualitative diary studies, the summative narrative developed by the researcher is as integral to the report as is the more elaborated narrative provided by each diarist. Distilling individual diaries into a cohesive and concise report and many other challenges face researchers writing reports using complex diary data. After considering some of the practical aspects of writing up diary research studies, such as targeting and tailoring reports to non-academic, applied, or scholarly outlets, the majority of the chapter will turn to analyzing and coding of diary data and report-writing specifically for scholarly outlets. Data analysis and report writing are treated together because these are typically concurrent tasks in qualitative research studies.
Agustí Canals
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199669165
- eISBN:
- 9780191749346
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199669165.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Knowledge Management
In this chapter we review some of the ideas Max Boisot developed about the organizational and strategic aspects of big science projects and their application to the understanding of big science ...
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In this chapter we review some of the ideas Max Boisot developed about the organizational and strategic aspects of big science projects and their application to the understanding of big science projects like ATLAS. First, we will look at some fundamental questions about the nature of knowledge and its differentiation from the concepts of data and information. Second, we have a look at Boisot's published research on big science, represented mainly by the article "Generating knowledge in a connected world: The case of the ATLAS experiment at CERN", reproduced in this book, and the book "Collisions and Collaboration". Issues in this part range from learning, culture or leadership to new management research models or e-science. Finally, we overview some of the ideas on which Boisot was working in the last months of his research about big science, and that may constitute avenues for future research.Less
In this chapter we review some of the ideas Max Boisot developed about the organizational and strategic aspects of big science projects and their application to the understanding of big science projects like ATLAS. First, we will look at some fundamental questions about the nature of knowledge and its differentiation from the concepts of data and information. Second, we have a look at Boisot's published research on big science, represented mainly by the article "Generating knowledge in a connected world: The case of the ATLAS experiment at CERN", reproduced in this book, and the book "Collisions and Collaboration". Issues in this part range from learning, culture or leadership to new management research models or e-science. Finally, we overview some of the ideas on which Boisot was working in the last months of his research about big science, and that may constitute avenues for future research.
