Philippe Delisle
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195396447
- eISBN:
- 9780199979318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396447.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion, World Modern History
Revolution in France and Saint-Domingue, coupled with the creation of an independent Haiti in 1804, put in jeopardy the work that Catholic missionaries had done over the course of the eighteenth ...
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Revolution in France and Saint-Domingue, coupled with the creation of an independent Haiti in 1804, put in jeopardy the work that Catholic missionaries had done over the course of the eighteenth century. This chapter explores how French missionaries reorganized their hierarchy and reasserted their place within Haitian society over the course of the nineteenth century. In particular, it considers how French missionaries, primarily from Brittany, evangelized in late nineteenth-century Haiti, often facing great tension and conflict with civil authorities, as well as practitioners of Voodoo.Less
Revolution in France and Saint-Domingue, coupled with the creation of an independent Haiti in 1804, put in jeopardy the work that Catholic missionaries had done over the course of the eighteenth century. This chapter explores how French missionaries reorganized their hierarchy and reasserted their place within Haitian society over the course of the nineteenth century. In particular, it considers how French missionaries, primarily from Brittany, evangelized in late nineteenth-century Haiti, often facing great tension and conflict with civil authorities, as well as practitioners of Voodoo.
Marlene L. Daut
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381847
- eISBN:
- 9781781382394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381847.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Considers the anonymously published epistolary romance, La Mulâtre comme il y a beaucoup de blanches (1803), as a text in which the character Mimi takes up a passionate defense of women of color ...
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Considers the anonymously published epistolary romance, La Mulâtre comme il y a beaucoup de blanches (1803), as a text in which the character Mimi takes up a passionate defense of women of color through her deconstruction of the “racial” theories about the dangerous, deviant, and singular sexual agency of women of “mixed race” put forth by eighteenth-century travel writers. Mimi radically inserts herself into the civic life of the colony when she argues for non-violent reform of colonial laws and legislative abolition of slavery rather than revolution.Less
Considers the anonymously published epistolary romance, La Mulâtre comme il y a beaucoup de blanches (1803), as a text in which the character Mimi takes up a passionate defense of women of color through her deconstruction of the “racial” theories about the dangerous, deviant, and singular sexual agency of women of “mixed race” put forth by eighteenth-century travel writers. Mimi radically inserts herself into the civic life of the colony when she argues for non-violent reform of colonial laws and legislative abolition of slavery rather than revolution.
Marlene L. Daut
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381847
- eISBN:
- 9781781382394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381847.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Examines the three-volume novel Zelica; the Creole (1820), most often attributed to Leonora Sansay. The author argues that Zelica ambivalently constructs a narrative in which during the Revolution, ...
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Examines the three-volume novel Zelica; the Creole (1820), most often attributed to Leonora Sansay. The author argues that Zelica ambivalently constructs a narrative in which during the Revolution, women of color become the principle guardians of “white” women, whom they protect from both men of color and male European colonists. In addition, the novel provokes questions about the nature of a gendered revolution that often made no room for benevolence and kindness as a form of rebellion against authority.Less
Examines the three-volume novel Zelica; the Creole (1820), most often attributed to Leonora Sansay. The author argues that Zelica ambivalently constructs a narrative in which during the Revolution, women of color become the principle guardians of “white” women, whom they protect from both men of color and male European colonists. In addition, the novel provokes questions about the nature of a gendered revolution that often made no room for benevolence and kindness as a form of rebellion against authority.
Cécile Vidal
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781469645186
- eISBN:
- 9781469645209
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469645186.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Combining Atlantic and imperial perspectives, Caribbean New Orleans offers a lively portrait of the city and a probing investigation of the French colonists who established racial slavery there as ...
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Combining Atlantic and imperial perspectives, Caribbean New Orleans offers a lively portrait of the city and a probing investigation of the French colonists who established racial slavery there as well as the African slaves who were forced to toil for them. Casting early New Orleans as a Caribbean outpost of the French Empire rather than as a North American frontier town, Cécile Vidal reveals the persistent influence of the Antilles, especially Saint-Domingue, which shaped the city’s development through the eighteenth century. In so doing, she urges us to rethink our usual divisions of racial systems into mainland and Caribbean categories. Drawing on New Orleans’s rich court records as a way to capture the words and actions of its inhabitants, Vidal takes us into the city’s streets, market, taverns, church, hospitals, barracks, and households. She explores the challenges that slow economic development, Native American proximity, imperial rivalry, and the urban environment posed to a social order that was predicated on slave labor and racial hierarchy. White domination, Vidal demonstrates, was woven into the fabric of New Orleans from its founding. This comprehensive history of urban slavery locates Louisiana’s capital on a spectrum of slave societies that stretched across the Americas and provides a magisterial overview of racial discourses and practices during the formative years of North America’s most intriguing city.Less
Combining Atlantic and imperial perspectives, Caribbean New Orleans offers a lively portrait of the city and a probing investigation of the French colonists who established racial slavery there as well as the African slaves who were forced to toil for them. Casting early New Orleans as a Caribbean outpost of the French Empire rather than as a North American frontier town, Cécile Vidal reveals the persistent influence of the Antilles, especially Saint-Domingue, which shaped the city’s development through the eighteenth century. In so doing, she urges us to rethink our usual divisions of racial systems into mainland and Caribbean categories. Drawing on New Orleans’s rich court records as a way to capture the words and actions of its inhabitants, Vidal takes us into the city’s streets, market, taverns, church, hospitals, barracks, and households. She explores the challenges that slow economic development, Native American proximity, imperial rivalry, and the urban environment posed to a social order that was predicated on slave labor and racial hierarchy. White domination, Vidal demonstrates, was woven into the fabric of New Orleans from its founding. This comprehensive history of urban slavery locates Louisiana’s capital on a spectrum of slave societies that stretched across the Americas and provides a magisterial overview of racial discourses and practices during the formative years of North America’s most intriguing city.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226675824
- eISBN:
- 9780226675855
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226675855.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter presents an excerpt from a certain Mlle. de Palaiseau's account of the Haitian revolution focusing on the role of black rescuers in saving two white girls from the 1804 massacres ordered ...
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This chapter presents an excerpt from a certain Mlle. de Palaiseau's account of the Haitian revolution focusing on the role of black rescuers in saving two white girls from the 1804 massacres ordered by Jean-Jacques Dessalines. Although the narrative includes gruesome descriptions of the massacres, its principal interest lies in its description of the efforts made by black rescuers on behalf of the victims. The two girls were the last known French survivors in Saint-Domingue.Less
This chapter presents an excerpt from a certain Mlle. de Palaiseau's account of the Haitian revolution focusing on the role of black rescuers in saving two white girls from the 1804 massacres ordered by Jean-Jacques Dessalines. Although the narrative includes gruesome descriptions of the massacres, its principal interest lies in its description of the efforts made by black rescuers on behalf of the victims. The two girls were the last known French survivors in Saint-Domingue.
Graham T. Nessler
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469626864
- eISBN:
- 9781469626888
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469626864.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Reinterpreting the Haitian Revolution as both an islandwide and a circum-Caribbean phenomenon, Graham Nessler examines the intertwined histories of Saint-Domingue, the French colony that became ...
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Reinterpreting the Haitian Revolution as both an islandwide and a circum-Caribbean phenomenon, Graham Nessler examines the intertwined histories of Saint-Domingue, the French colony that became Haiti, and Santo Domingo, the Spanish colony that became the Dominican Republic. Tracing conflicts over the terms and boundaries of territory, liberty, and citizenship that transpired in the two colonies that shared one island, Nessler argues that the territories' borders and governance were often unclear and mutually influential during a tumultuous period that witnessed emancipation in Saint-Domingue and reenslavement in Santo Domingo. Nessler aligns the better-known history of the French side with a full investigation and interpretation of events on the Spanish side, articulating the importance of Santo Domingo in the conflicts that reshaped the political terrain of the Atlantic world. Nessler also analyzes the strategies employed by those claimed as slaves in both colonies to gain liberty and equal citizenship. In doing so, he reveals what was at stake for slaves and free nonwhites in their uses of colonial legal systems and how their understanding of legal matters affected the colonies' relationships with each other and with the French and Spanish metropoles.Less
Reinterpreting the Haitian Revolution as both an islandwide and a circum-Caribbean phenomenon, Graham Nessler examines the intertwined histories of Saint-Domingue, the French colony that became Haiti, and Santo Domingo, the Spanish colony that became the Dominican Republic. Tracing conflicts over the terms and boundaries of territory, liberty, and citizenship that transpired in the two colonies that shared one island, Nessler argues that the territories' borders and governance were often unclear and mutually influential during a tumultuous period that witnessed emancipation in Saint-Domingue and reenslavement in Santo Domingo. Nessler aligns the better-known history of the French side with a full investigation and interpretation of events on the Spanish side, articulating the importance of Santo Domingo in the conflicts that reshaped the political terrain of the Atlantic world. Nessler also analyzes the strategies employed by those claimed as slaves in both colonies to gain liberty and equal citizenship. In doing so, he reveals what was at stake for slaves and free nonwhites in their uses of colonial legal systems and how their understanding of legal matters affected the colonies' relationships with each other and with the French and Spanish metropoles.
Paul Cheney
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226079356
- eISBN:
- 9780226411774
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226411774.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This book is a micro-level study of one plantation in Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti), situated on the Cul de Sac Plain, near Port au Prince. The sugar economy of eighteenth-century Saint-Domingue ...
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This book is a micro-level study of one plantation in Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti), situated on the Cul de Sac Plain, near Port au Prince. The sugar economy of eighteenth-century Saint-Domingue produced profits for planters and merchants, but it was based upon social, political, ecological, and market foundations that rendered it weak and crisis-prone. Socially, it was based upon the importation of forced labor that was the source of profit, but that also limited the incentive for technical innovation and constantly posed the threat of violent revolt; politically, it was built upon a collaboration between metropolitan and creole elites that evinced many of the conflicts characteristic of old regime French society; ecologically, the sugar islands of the Antilles were rich places subject to declining soil fertility and periodic crises that ruined crops and weakened slave populations; and the markets that the plantations of Saint-Domingue served were frequently interrupted by warfare, which affected every aspect of plantation life, including the possibility of continuous investment and improvement. Planters and administrators were aware of these shortcomings but the demands of global markets, the politics of old regime states, and the patrimonial logic that guided the families who invested in these plantations excluded meaningful reform of the plantation complex, let alone the search for alternatives. Even beyond the abolition of slavery in Saint-Domingue, planters, administrators, and metropolitan politicians struggled to maintain the plantation complex for the production of tropical export commodities.Less
This book is a micro-level study of one plantation in Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti), situated on the Cul de Sac Plain, near Port au Prince. The sugar economy of eighteenth-century Saint-Domingue produced profits for planters and merchants, but it was based upon social, political, ecological, and market foundations that rendered it weak and crisis-prone. Socially, it was based upon the importation of forced labor that was the source of profit, but that also limited the incentive for technical innovation and constantly posed the threat of violent revolt; politically, it was built upon a collaboration between metropolitan and creole elites that evinced many of the conflicts characteristic of old regime French society; ecologically, the sugar islands of the Antilles were rich places subject to declining soil fertility and periodic crises that ruined crops and weakened slave populations; and the markets that the plantations of Saint-Domingue served were frequently interrupted by warfare, which affected every aspect of plantation life, including the possibility of continuous investment and improvement. Planters and administrators were aware of these shortcomings but the demands of global markets, the politics of old regime states, and the patrimonial logic that guided the families who invested in these plantations excluded meaningful reform of the plantation complex, let alone the search for alternatives. Even beyond the abolition of slavery in Saint-Domingue, planters, administrators, and metropolitan politicians struggled to maintain the plantation complex for the production of tropical export commodities.
Maria Cristina Fumagalli
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381601
- eISBN:
- 9781781382349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381601.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter analyses two eighteenth-century works by Médéric Louis Élie Moreau de Saint-Méry, a prominent member of the white creole elite born in Martinique in 1750: Description Topographique et ...
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This chapter analyses two eighteenth-century works by Médéric Louis Élie Moreau de Saint-Méry, a prominent member of the white creole elite born in Martinique in 1750: Description Topographique et Politique de la partie espagnole de l'Isle Saint-Domingue (1796) and Description Topographique, Physique, Civile, Politique et Historique de la partie française de l'Isle Saint-Domingue (1797). Both texts highlight the contradictory dynamics engendered by the presence of a colonial frontier in Hispaniola. They also consider the border politics involving pre-revolutionary French Saint Domingue and Spanish Santo Domingo and reveal Saint-Méry's deep anxiety over vast portions of the island which were under the control of the maroons.Less
This chapter analyses two eighteenth-century works by Médéric Louis Élie Moreau de Saint-Méry, a prominent member of the white creole elite born in Martinique in 1750: Description Topographique et Politique de la partie espagnole de l'Isle Saint-Domingue (1796) and Description Topographique, Physique, Civile, Politique et Historique de la partie française de l'Isle Saint-Domingue (1797). Both texts highlight the contradictory dynamics engendered by the presence of a colonial frontier in Hispaniola. They also consider the border politics involving pre-revolutionary French Saint Domingue and Spanish Santo Domingo and reveal Saint-Méry's deep anxiety over vast portions of the island which were under the control of the maroons.
Maria Cristina Fumagalli
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381601
- eISBN:
- 9781781382349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381601.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter analyses three autobiographical captivity narratives by white eyewitnesses who were taken prisoners by the rebels just after the slave revolt of 1791 and put them in dialogue with five ...
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This chapter analyses three autobiographical captivity narratives by white eyewitnesses who were taken prisoners by the rebels just after the slave revolt of 1791 and put them in dialogue with five fictional reconstructions of the rebellion and its aftermath. The three captivity narratives, known as récits historiques or historical accounts, were published in 1793 in Cap-Français. The five fictional texts are Victor Hugo's Bug-Jargal (1819 and 1826) and ‘The Saint Domingue Revolt’(1845); Jean-Baptiste Picquenard's Adonis, ou le bon nègre (1798) and Zoflra, ou la bonne negrèsse (1801); and Madison Smartt Bell's All Souls' Rising (1995). All these fictional and non-fictional narratives contain numerous references to the role played by the colonial frontier and the borderland in the unfolding of the events that drove slaves to revolt against whites in Saint Domingue.Less
This chapter analyses three autobiographical captivity narratives by white eyewitnesses who were taken prisoners by the rebels just after the slave revolt of 1791 and put them in dialogue with five fictional reconstructions of the rebellion and its aftermath. The three captivity narratives, known as récits historiques or historical accounts, were published in 1793 in Cap-Français. The five fictional texts are Victor Hugo's Bug-Jargal (1819 and 1826) and ‘The Saint Domingue Revolt’(1845); Jean-Baptiste Picquenard's Adonis, ou le bon nègre (1798) and Zoflra, ou la bonne negrèsse (1801); and Madison Smartt Bell's All Souls' Rising (1995). All these fictional and non-fictional narratives contain numerous references to the role played by the colonial frontier and the borderland in the unfolding of the events that drove slaves to revolt against whites in Saint Domingue.
Joan Dayan
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520089006
- eISBN:
- 9780520920965
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520089006.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This book charts the cultural imagination of Haiti, not only by reconstructing the island's history, but by highlighting ambiguities and complexities that have been ignored, investigating the ...
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This book charts the cultural imagination of Haiti, not only by reconstructing the island's history, but by highlighting ambiguities and complexities that have been ignored, investigating the confrontational space in which Haiti is created and recreated in fiction and fact, text and ritual, discourse and practice. It gives human dimensions to this eighteenth-century French colony and provides a template for understanding the Haiti of today. In examining the complex social fabric of French Saint-Domingue, which in 1804 became Haiti, the book uncovers a silenced, submerged past. Instead of relying on familiar sources to reconstruct Haitian history, it uses a diversity of voices that have previously been unheard. Many of the materials recovered here—overlooked or repressed historical texts, legal documents, religious works, secret memoirs, letters, and literary fictions—have never been translated into English. Others, such as Marie Vieux Chauvet's radical novel of vodou, Fonds des Nègres, are seldom used as historical sources. The book also argues provocatively for the consideration of both vodou rituals and narrative fiction as repositories of history. This scholarship is enriched by the insights the author has gleaned from conversations and experiences during her many trips to Haiti over the past twenty years.Less
This book charts the cultural imagination of Haiti, not only by reconstructing the island's history, but by highlighting ambiguities and complexities that have been ignored, investigating the confrontational space in which Haiti is created and recreated in fiction and fact, text and ritual, discourse and practice. It gives human dimensions to this eighteenth-century French colony and provides a template for understanding the Haiti of today. In examining the complex social fabric of French Saint-Domingue, which in 1804 became Haiti, the book uncovers a silenced, submerged past. Instead of relying on familiar sources to reconstruct Haitian history, it uses a diversity of voices that have previously been unheard. Many of the materials recovered here—overlooked or repressed historical texts, legal documents, religious works, secret memoirs, letters, and literary fictions—have never been translated into English. Others, such as Marie Vieux Chauvet's radical novel of vodou, Fonds des Nègres, are seldom used as historical sources. The book also argues provocatively for the consideration of both vodou rituals and narrative fiction as repositories of history. This scholarship is enriched by the insights the author has gleaned from conversations and experiences during her many trips to Haiti over the past twenty years.
Chera Kee
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823234462
- eISBN:
- 9780823241255
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823234462.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Mythology and Folklore
This chapter investigates the earliest wave of zombie cinema, and the original mythology that transmitted the zombie to mainstream consciousness around the time of the U.S. occupation of Haiti. ...
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This chapter investigates the earliest wave of zombie cinema, and the original mythology that transmitted the zombie to mainstream consciousness around the time of the U.S. occupation of Haiti. Looking at the way that Saint Domingue, what would later become Haiti, was earlier characterized by European writers as a land of cannibals, this chapter juxtaposes this rhetoric to the exoticization of the Haitian that comes about during the American Occupation of Haiti. Seeing the cinematic uptake of the Haitian zombie as in line with what was clearly in evidence in the use of the figure of the cannibal in colonial writing, namely, a prurient interest in denigrating the Haitian as a savage people, this chapter analyzes the earliest appearances of the zombie and suggests how key elements of the cinematic mythology are solidified during this time period.Less
This chapter investigates the earliest wave of zombie cinema, and the original mythology that transmitted the zombie to mainstream consciousness around the time of the U.S. occupation of Haiti. Looking at the way that Saint Domingue, what would later become Haiti, was earlier characterized by European writers as a land of cannibals, this chapter juxtaposes this rhetoric to the exoticization of the Haitian that comes about during the American Occupation of Haiti. Seeing the cinematic uptake of the Haitian zombie as in line with what was clearly in evidence in the use of the figure of the cannibal in colonial writing, namely, a prurient interest in denigrating the Haitian as a savage people, this chapter analyzes the earliest appearances of the zombie and suggests how key elements of the cinematic mythology are solidified during this time period.
Joan Dayan
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520089006
- eISBN:
- 9780520920965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520089006.003.0003
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter focuses on the history of the last years of Saint-Domingue as an independent nation of Haiti. Saint-Domingue was the most beautiful colony in the Americas that was known for its ...
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This chapter focuses on the history of the last years of Saint-Domingue as an independent nation of Haiti. Saint-Domingue was the most beautiful colony in the Americas that was known for its splendour, profligacy, and greed. Though society boasted castelike distinctions, the overwhelming distinction seemed to be between whites and nonwhites. The chapter suggests that the last years of revolution in Saint-Domingue are recognized by most historians as unparalleled in brutality.Less
This chapter focuses on the history of the last years of Saint-Domingue as an independent nation of Haiti. Saint-Domingue was the most beautiful colony in the Americas that was known for its splendour, profligacy, and greed. Though society boasted castelike distinctions, the overwhelming distinction seemed to be between whites and nonwhites. The chapter suggests that the last years of revolution in Saint-Domingue are recognized by most historians as unparalleled in brutality.
Joan Dayan
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520089006
- eISBN:
- 9780520920965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520089006.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines the history of the people of Haiti in relation to the history of the Americas. It discusses the United States' support for the French government's plan to reconquest ...
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This chapter examines the history of the people of Haiti in relation to the history of the Americas. It discusses the United States' support for the French government's plan to reconquest Saint-Domingue and the restablishment of slavery in the early 1800s, and highlights the transport of colored people from the United States to Haiti. The chapter suggests that the development of romance in the Americas was linked in unsettling ways to the business of race, because out of the ground of bondage came a cruel analytic of love in the New World.Less
This chapter examines the history of the people of Haiti in relation to the history of the Americas. It discusses the United States' support for the French government's plan to reconquest Saint-Domingue and the restablishment of slavery in the early 1800s, and highlights the transport of colored people from the United States to Haiti. The chapter suggests that the development of romance in the Americas was linked in unsettling ways to the business of race, because out of the ground of bondage came a cruel analytic of love in the New World.
MIGUEL A. Bretos
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813038100
- eISBN:
- 9780813041568
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813038100.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
The collapse of French Saint Domingue's sugar- and coffee-based economy in the 1790s opened new opportunities for Cuba and for Matanzas in particular, being in a region then covered by forests but ...
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The collapse of French Saint Domingue's sugar- and coffee-based economy in the 1790s opened new opportunities for Cuba and for Matanzas in particular, being in a region then covered by forests but otherwise well-suited for both crops. The enormous expansion of the slave-based coffee and sugar plantation radically transformed the city and its hinterland over the course of a generation. The massive importation of slaves, the relentless felling of the primeval forest to clear the way for sugar mills (ingenios) and cafetales, the opening of the port to international trade, and the introduction of mechanization both to sugar production (mill machinery) and transportation (railroads) created a new set of economic realities and social relationships—indeed, a new landscape—which are presented and discussed in this chapter.Less
The collapse of French Saint Domingue's sugar- and coffee-based economy in the 1790s opened new opportunities for Cuba and for Matanzas in particular, being in a region then covered by forests but otherwise well-suited for both crops. The enormous expansion of the slave-based coffee and sugar plantation radically transformed the city and its hinterland over the course of a generation. The massive importation of slaves, the relentless felling of the primeval forest to clear the way for sugar mills (ingenios) and cafetales, the opening of the port to international trade, and the introduction of mechanization both to sugar production (mill machinery) and transportation (railroads) created a new set of economic realities and social relationships—indeed, a new landscape—which are presented and discussed in this chapter.
Brooke N. Newman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780300225556
- eISBN:
- 9780300240979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300225556.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Chapter 6 draws together the major strands of proslavery thought articulated during the eras of abolition and amelioration, from roughly the 1780s through the 1820s. It argues that abolitionist ...
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Chapter 6 draws together the major strands of proslavery thought articulated during the eras of abolition and amelioration, from roughly the 1780s through the 1820s. It argues that abolitionist agitation in metropolitan Britain, as well as the revolution in the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue, triggered a broader defense of hereditary racial slavery rooted in notions of blood inheritance and the English constitutional birthright. At the same time, the circulation of pro-slavery arguments in Britain, coupled with repressive state responses in colonial Jamaica, inspired collective action on the part of free people seeking equal rights with white imperial subjects.Less
Chapter 6 draws together the major strands of proslavery thought articulated during the eras of abolition and amelioration, from roughly the 1780s through the 1820s. It argues that abolitionist agitation in metropolitan Britain, as well as the revolution in the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue, triggered a broader defense of hereditary racial slavery rooted in notions of blood inheritance and the English constitutional birthright. At the same time, the circulation of pro-slavery arguments in Britain, coupled with repressive state responses in colonial Jamaica, inspired collective action on the part of free people seeking equal rights with white imperial subjects.
Melissa Daggett
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496810083
- eISBN:
- 9781496810120
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496810083.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
The Prologue summarizes the events and outcome of the Saint-Domingue
(Haitian) Revolution led by the charismatic Toussaint Louverture. Free people of color who initially sought refuge in Santiago, ...
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The Prologue summarizes the events and outcome of the Saint-Domingue
(Haitian) Revolution led by the charismatic Toussaint Louverture. Free people of color who initially sought refuge in Santiago, Cuba, later immigrated to Louisiana in 1809-1810. Among these refuges were Joseph Rey, his wife, Elizabeth Mickline, and their son, Barthélemy. The Reys managed to enter New Orleans despite the strident opposition of the territorial governor, William C.C. Claiborne, who railed against increasing the population of the free people of color. This diaspora of the Saint-Domingue émigrés forever changed the cultural and political landscapes of New Orleans. It was the dawn of a new day for the Rey family and for New Orleans.Less
The Prologue summarizes the events and outcome of the Saint-Domingue
(Haitian) Revolution led by the charismatic Toussaint Louverture. Free people of color who initially sought refuge in Santiago, Cuba, later immigrated to Louisiana in 1809-1810. Among these refuges were Joseph Rey, his wife, Elizabeth Mickline, and their son, Barthélemy. The Reys managed to enter New Orleans despite the strident opposition of the territorial governor, William C.C. Claiborne, who railed against increasing the population of the free people of color. This diaspora of the Saint-Domingue émigrés forever changed the cultural and political landscapes of New Orleans. It was the dawn of a new day for the Rey family and for New Orleans.
KENNETH G. KELLY and MEREDITH D. HARDY
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813036809
- eISBN:
- 9780813041841
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036809.003.0003
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter discusses archaeological and historical research conducted to help Monocacy National Battlefield interpret a plantation on their property that was founded by refugees of the French ...
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This chapter discusses archaeological and historical research conducted to help Monocacy National Battlefield interpret a plantation on their property that was founded by refugees of the French Revolution and subsequent slave uprising in the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue. Between 1789 and 1793, Jean Payen de Boisneuf, Marguerite Magnan de la Vincendière, and her children fled to Maryland and founded a plantation in Frederick County that they called L'Hermitage. These French refugees arrived in the area with deeply held religious and proprietary values that were in conflict with the predominantly German protestant population of the region. They owned an unusually high number of slaves, and the slave abuse they exercised was so extreme that criminal charges were filed. The history and archaeology of L'Hermitage reveals the conflicts that arose when one displaced French family moved to an area where their values and behaviour clashed with the local community.Less
This chapter discusses archaeological and historical research conducted to help Monocacy National Battlefield interpret a plantation on their property that was founded by refugees of the French Revolution and subsequent slave uprising in the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue. Between 1789 and 1793, Jean Payen de Boisneuf, Marguerite Magnan de la Vincendière, and her children fled to Maryland and founded a plantation in Frederick County that they called L'Hermitage. These French refugees arrived in the area with deeply held religious and proprietary values that were in conflict with the predominantly German protestant population of the region. They owned an unusually high number of slaves, and the slave abuse they exercised was so extreme that criminal charges were filed. The history and archaeology of L'Hermitage reveals the conflicts that arose when one displaced French family moved to an area where their values and behaviour clashed with the local community.
Daniel L. Schafer
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813044620
- eISBN:
- 9780813046341
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044620.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
During the 1790s, Zephaniah Kingsley Jr. was a ship captain engaged in sugar and coffee trade in the West Indies. In 1793, his ship was seized by a French privateer and sold at an Admiralty Court ...
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During the 1790s, Zephaniah Kingsley Jr. was a ship captain engaged in sugar and coffee trade in the West Indies. In 1793, his ship was seized by a French privateer and sold at an Admiralty Court auction at Charleston. With France and Britain at war and privateers capturing commercial vessels owned by citizens of an enemy nation, Kingsley decided to change his British nationality to that of a neutral nation. He pledged loyalty to the United States, and continued his maritime trade in the West Indies with an added degree of protection while sailing under a neutral flag. Between 1793 and 1797, while a massive slave rebellion against the French colonial government was underway in Saint-Domingue, the French colony on the Island of Hispaniola, Kingsley traded for coffee in the southern province then under military control of Britain. The United States then became involved in an undeclared naval war against France, however, endangering Kingsley’s neutral trading status. In 1798, he moved to the Danish Island of St. Thomas and pledged loyalty to neutral Denmark.Less
During the 1790s, Zephaniah Kingsley Jr. was a ship captain engaged in sugar and coffee trade in the West Indies. In 1793, his ship was seized by a French privateer and sold at an Admiralty Court auction at Charleston. With France and Britain at war and privateers capturing commercial vessels owned by citizens of an enemy nation, Kingsley decided to change his British nationality to that of a neutral nation. He pledged loyalty to the United States, and continued his maritime trade in the West Indies with an added degree of protection while sailing under a neutral flag. Between 1793 and 1797, while a massive slave rebellion against the French colonial government was underway in Saint-Domingue, the French colony on the Island of Hispaniola, Kingsley traded for coffee in the southern province then under military control of Britain. The United States then became involved in an undeclared naval war against France, however, endangering Kingsley’s neutral trading status. In 1798, he moved to the Danish Island of St. Thomas and pledged loyalty to neutral Denmark.
Graham T. Nessler
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469626864
- eISBN:
- 9781469626888
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469626864.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter examines the role of Spanish Santo Domingo in the early years of the Haitian Revolution, focusing principally on the advent of emancipation in French Saint-Domingue in the summer and ...
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This chapter examines the role of Spanish Santo Domingo in the early years of the Haitian Revolution, focusing principally on the advent of emancipation in French Saint-Domingue in the summer and fall of 1793. The chapter argues that critical events of this period in Saint-Domingue, such as the disastrous “revolt” of the free-colored businessman-turned-activist Vincent Ogé, the August 1791 slave rebellion, and the piecemeal legal reforms of Léger-Félicité Sonthonax and Étienne Polverel leading to general emancipation, were all significantly influenced by a deep history of interactions with Spanish Santo Domingo. In presenting a political and intellectual history of the coming of emancipation to Hispaniola, this chapter makes a case for the centrality of the political discourses of certain key freed military leaders—preserved in extant governmental and personal correspondence—in enabling the first French Republican slave emancipation.Less
This chapter examines the role of Spanish Santo Domingo in the early years of the Haitian Revolution, focusing principally on the advent of emancipation in French Saint-Domingue in the summer and fall of 1793. The chapter argues that critical events of this period in Saint-Domingue, such as the disastrous “revolt” of the free-colored businessman-turned-activist Vincent Ogé, the August 1791 slave rebellion, and the piecemeal legal reforms of Léger-Félicité Sonthonax and Étienne Polverel leading to general emancipation, were all significantly influenced by a deep history of interactions with Spanish Santo Domingo. In presenting a political and intellectual history of the coming of emancipation to Hispaniola, this chapter makes a case for the centrality of the political discourses of certain key freed military leaders—preserved in extant governmental and personal correspondence—in enabling the first French Republican slave emancipation.
Graham T. Nessler
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469626864
- eISBN:
- 9781469626888
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469626864.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter details the military history of Hispaniola from 1795, when the French Republic ejected the rival Spanish empire from the island, to 1801, when Toussaint Louverture unified the island ...
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This chapter details the military history of Hispaniola from 1795, when the French Republic ejected the rival Spanish empire from the island, to 1801, when Toussaint Louverture unified the island under his rule. This is the first of two chapters to focus on the rise and governance of Louverture, a former slave who rose rapidly through the military ranks and, like his eventual nominal superior Napoleon Bonaparte, parlayed his military triumphs into political power. As Toussaint formulated an independent foreign policy, repelled British invaders from Hispaniola, and waged a brutal civil war against rival André Rigaud, Santo Domingo factored centrally into his strategic thinking, diplomacy, and military leadership. This chapter details these dynamics and culminates in Toussaint’s successful but short-lived invasion of Santo Domingo, which exacerbated a growing rift between the black general and France’s ruler, Napoleon Bonaparte.Less
This chapter details the military history of Hispaniola from 1795, when the French Republic ejected the rival Spanish empire from the island, to 1801, when Toussaint Louverture unified the island under his rule. This is the first of two chapters to focus on the rise and governance of Louverture, a former slave who rose rapidly through the military ranks and, like his eventual nominal superior Napoleon Bonaparte, parlayed his military triumphs into political power. As Toussaint formulated an independent foreign policy, repelled British invaders from Hispaniola, and waged a brutal civil war against rival André Rigaud, Santo Domingo factored centrally into his strategic thinking, diplomacy, and military leadership. This chapter details these dynamics and culminates in Toussaint’s successful but short-lived invasion of Santo Domingo, which exacerbated a growing rift between the black general and France’s ruler, Napoleon Bonaparte.
