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Chapter 4 uses the differences between LEED, Green Globes, the Living Building Challenge, and ENERGY STAR to highlight the methodological issues associated with information-based governance. The chapter introduces the concepts of replicability, reliability, and validity, and applies them in an analysis of the transparency and quality of the data and methods used in existing information-based initiatives. The importance of life cycle approaches to developing valid environmental information about products and companies is also discussed. With a few important exceptions, data from 245 cases of these initiatives demonstrates their general lack of methodological transparency and validity, and highlight the challenges associated with developing robust metrics of sustainability. The chapter discusses several important tradeoffs between different dimensions of validity, and suggests several strategies for managing these tradeoffs. It also identifies the most promising and problematic information generation practices found in the database and the lessons learned from these examples.

The advent of satellite delivery of television programming brought about a sea change in Indian broadcasting. The decade of the 1990s saw private television players establish themselves in India, changing the contours of the industry. The provision of television was no longer the monopoly of the state; vibrant competition had grown from both transnational, as well as local media groups. STAR TV was the first to arrive and continues to be an important media player in India. Domestic private broadcasters also rose to challenge the supremacy of Doordarshan at home—Zee TV and regional players such as Sun TV. This chapter tries to map the universe of private broadcasting in India and the changes in television from 1990-2010. It takes into account genres such as news, music, entertainment, and also media groups such as NDTV and Media 18.

Singapore’s developmental model had to be based within its multiethnic Chinese, Indian, and Malay population and from its very inception was global in outlook. Its meritocratic Economic Development Board (EDB) and Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) tied inward FDI to domestic human-capital development and redistribution of internationally derived wealth to its domestic population. Its “guppies to whales” human-capital development programs contributed to productivity gains through attracting the region’s best and brightest STEM youth and offering them citizenship. While the Singaporean city-state’s small population has proven an impediment to establishing a critical mass of new technology entrepreneurs, open immigration policies have the potential to fast-track future developments. However, indigenous Singaporeans have been displaced in this process.

The past two decades have brought new pharmacotherapies as well as behavioral therapies to the field of drug-addiction treatment (Carroll & Onken, 2005; Carroll, 2005; Ling & Smith, 2002; Fiellin, Kleber, Trumble-Hejduk, McLellan, & Kosten, 2004). Despite this progress, the treatment of addiction in clinical practice often remains a matter of trial and error. Some reasons for this difficulty are as follows. First, to date, no one treatment has been found that works well for most patients; that is, patients are heterogeneous in response to any specific treatment. Second, as many authors have pointed out (McLellan, 2002; McLellan, Lewis, O’Brien, & Kleber, 2000), addiction is often a chronic condition, with symptoms waxing and waning over time. Third, relapse is common. Therefore, the clinician is faced with, first, finding a sequence of treatments that works initially to stabilize the patient and, next, deciding which types of treatments will prevent relapse in the longer term. To inform this sequential clinical decision making, adaptive treatment strategies, that is, treatment strategies shaped by individual patient characteristics or patient responses to prior treatments, have been proposed (Greenhouse, Stangl, Kupfer, & Prien, 1991; Murphy, 2003, 2005; Murphy, Lynch, Oslin, McKay, & Tenhave, 2006; Murphy, Oslin, Rush, & Zhu, 2007; Lavori & Dawson, 2000; Lavori, Dawson, & Rush, 2000; Dawson & Lavori, 2003). Here is an example of an adaptive treatment strategy for prescription opioid dependence, modeled with modifications after a trial currently in progress within the Clinical Trials Network of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Weiss, Sharpe, & Ling, 2010). . . . Example . . . . . . First, provide all patients with a 4-week course of buprenorphine/naloxone (Bup/Nx) plus medical management (MM) plus individual drug counseling (IDC) (Fiellin, Pantalon, Schottenfeld, Gordon, & O’Connor, 1999), culminating in a taper of the Bup/Nx. If at any time during these 4 weeks the patient meets the criterion for nonresponse, a second, longer treatment with Bup/Nx (12 weeks) is provided, accompanied by MM and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). However, if the patient remains abstinent from opioid use during those 4 weeks, that is, responds to initial treatment, provide 12 additional weeks of relapse prevention therapy (RPT). . . .

The Cayman Islands introduced its first trusts statute in 1967. The Trusts Law is currently in its 2018 revision (the ‘Trusts Law’). The Cayman Islands is a common law jurisdiction and its court will have regard not only to local reported cases but to reported trusts cases and equitable principles developed over centuries in England and other common law jurisdictions.